06 谓语的时态和语态 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

专题06  谓语的时态和语态

    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

【易错题01】 时态错误； 主谓人称和数不一致错误

1. ( 2022新高考I卷 ) Henry   62   （fix）his car when he heard the screams.

【答案】 was fixing

【错误分析】 上下文逻辑意思理解不清楚，动作发生时间判断不清。

【解题思路】 句意：当亨利听到尖叫声的时候他正在修理汽车。动作均发生再过去，故填was fixing。

2.（2022年8月18号贵州省遵义市高三上学期入学质量检测） The mountain stands like a giant, symbolizing the industrious and persistent spirit which, over the past decades, _______(pull) people in Hong Kong together through hard times.

【答案】 has struggled

【错误分析】本题难度主要在于长难句翻译，未理解好上下文，以及不能掌握over the past +时间名词需要使用现在完成时。

【解题思路】考查时态。句意：这座山就像一个巨人，象征着勤劳和执着的精神，在过去的几十年里，拉着香港人在一起度过困难时期。

【易错题02】 语态错误；动词的变化形式掌握不牢；

1. ( 2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空 ) He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly   63   （throw）his tools aside, and started running, arms out.

【答案】  threw

【错误分析】 对不规则动词变化形式记忆不牢。

【解题思路】 考查不规则动词的过去式形式。and连接并列句，其后started为过去时，threw的过去式形式为threw, 故填threw。

2. （ 新高考II卷 ） Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62.　　　　 (carry) special significance.

【答案】carries　

【错误分析】动词的第三人称变化规律掌握不牢，上下文逻辑关系分析不清。

【解题思路】 考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且与主句的is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填carries。

1. ( 2022全国甲卷 ) In the last five cars, Cao   67   (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.

【答案】  has walked

【解析】 根据句意：在最后的五辆车中，曹步行穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了非洲乞力马扎罗的山顶，最高的山。由and可知，此句为并列句，后句为一般过去时，前句动作发生在过去，对现在有一定影响，故填现在完成时。

2. She is a famous lawyer in New York now, but nobody knows she ________(do) part-time jobs everywhere to make a living for six years.

【答案】 did

【解析】 句意：她现在是纽约的著名的律师，但是没有人知道她有6年的时间为了生存到处打工。因为现在是纽约的著名的律师，6年的打工是在过去发生的。

3. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was to become a successful playwright and translator, and _______ (marry) her in 1935.

【答案】married

【解析】考查并列谓语时态。句意：在清华大学，他遇到了后来成为成功剧作家和翻译家的妻子杨绛，并于1935年与她结婚。结合句意可知此处是并列谓语，句子用一般过去时态，故答案为married。

4.The sales figure ( two million copies)________ (announce) by Penguin Random House last Friday.

【答案】was announced

【解析】考查时态语态。句意：企鹅兰登书屋上周五公布了这一销售数字（200万册）。sales figure 与announce之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，last Friday表明用一般过去时，故填was announced。

5. About 3.000 Chinese students will go to universities in America this year, plus 200 who________ ( admit ) earlier for graduate and postgraduate studies.

【答案】 have been admitted

【解析】 句意：加上早些时候因为毕业和研究生学习而被录取的200名学生，今年大概会有3000名学生去美国上大学。此处表示的是“已经被录取的”故用完成时态的被动语态。

6. We ______ (drive) up, down and around them by an experienced Arabian driver.

【答案】were driven

【解析】考查时态语态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“我们”和“驱使”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填were driven。

7. For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland ________ (produce) more and more of it so far.

【答案】has produced

【解析】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，苏格兰生产的威士忌也越来越多。根据时间状语so far可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has produced。

8. The qualities of whisky come from the water which ________ (use) to make it the rich "peaty"(多泥炭的) water of Scotland.

【答案】is used

【解析】考查被动语态。此处是指水被用来制作威士忌酒，且描述客观事实，主语为单数，故用一般现在时的被动语态is used。

1. Co-sponsored by AESA, America East Shandong Chamber of Commerce and Confucius Education Foundation Inc, the festival  ______ (feature) recitation of the“Di Zi Gui，”literally translated as "Standards for being a Good Pupil and Child,"

【答案】features

【解析】考查时态。此处指这个节目以背诵弟子规为特色，与上下文时态一致用一般现在时，主语是the festival是单数，动词也用第三人称单数。故填features.

2. A 3D printer        (place)inside the robot to create the desired shape.

【答案】is placed

【解析】考查被动语态。句意：3D打印机被放置在机器人内部，以创建所需的形状。本句谓语place与主语构成被动，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is placed。

3. Beijing’s Forbidden City—traditionally off-limits at night for anyone except emperors—was lit up with lanterns after dark Tuesday as China ________ (celebrate)the end of the Lunar New Year holiday.

【答案】celebrated

【解析】考查时态。句意：周二，随着中国农历新年假期的结束，故宫又被灯笼点亮了。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填celebrated。

4. It ________ (consist)of 18 different ramps，in 8 directions，on five different layers，with the highest one standing 37 meters above ground.

【答案】 consists

【解析】 考查动词时态。句意：它由18个不同的坡道组成，分为8个方向，分布在5个不同的层上，最高的坡道位于地面以上37米处。本句描述客观事实故用一般现在时，且主语it为第三人称单数，故填consists。

5. Yang ______ (study)and performed the art for over a decade.

【答案】 has studied

【解析】 考查现在完成时。句意：杨老师学习和表演这项艺术超过十年了。分析句子可知，由于有for over a decade修饰，故用现在完成时，故用has studied。

6. China has led other developing countries and even some developed ones in this field since the first high-speed train ________ (come) into use in 2008.

【答案】came

【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从中国第一条高铁在2008年投入使用以来，中国在这一领域领先其他发展中国家甚至一些发达国家。本句陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，故用came。come in to use投入使用。

7. Since alcohol could increase warm blood flow in the skin, last month, the researchers in a study________(suggest) that people should reach for booze(豪饮) when it's cold outside.

【答案】suggested

【解析】考查时态。根据last month可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为suggested。

8. There’s just one big problem: smartwatches are unprotected and can ______ (damage) easily.

【答案】be damaged

【解析】考查被动语态。句意：有一个大问题，智能手表如果没有保护措施的话，很容易遭到损坏。分析句子可知，damage与主语为动宾关系，故用被动语态，接在情态动词之后，故用be动词原形，故用be damaged。

9. But even more than 600 years after it _______ (build)，it’s still managing to serve up surprises.

【答案】was built

【解析】考查语态。句意：但即使是在它建成600多年后，它仍能带来惊喜。根据句意，此处应使用被动语态，再根据even more than 600 years after可知，应使用一般过去时。故填was built。

10. Up to now，over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries _______(find)their way to Litterati’s digital landfill.

【答案】have found

【解析】考查时态。句意：到现在为止，40多个国家3500人上传的2,500,000张照片都到了Litterati的数码垃圾池里。动词短语find one’s way to意为“到达…”，时间状语up to now通常与现在完成时连用，所以要填have found。

11. Meanwhile, you can often go out by bike together, which ______(be) helpful in rebuilding your friendship. (单句改错)                   

【答案】is

【解析】考查动词时态。根据上文可知本文应用一般现在时，故填is。句意：同时，你们可以一起骑自行车出去，这对重建你们的友谊很有帮助。

12. But here ________(come) a problem; should we clone humans? (单句改错)

【答案】comes

【解析】考查时态。句意：但问题来了——我们该克隆人类么？文章的基础时态为一般现在时，且主语为a problem，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填comes。

13. I hope Jack’s health ______ (improve) greatly by the time we go back to school this September.

【答案】 will have improved

【解析】 考查时态语态。句意：当我们今年9月回到学校时，我希望杰克的健康会有很大的改善。by the time引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。故选D。

14. I _______(have) written many compositions before that but none of them had been chosen to be read before the class.                

【答案】 had

【解析】 考查动词时态。句意：在那之前我写过很多文章。指在过去“读文章”这件事之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时，have改为had。

15. As the proverb ________(say)， "where there is a will， there is a way．''                                                                         

【答案】 says

【解析】考查时态。描述现在的事情用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以用第三人称单数谓语。故填says。

16. On the bus, I ________（find）a woman with a cute baby standing beside me and having difficulty holding on to the grab pole.                                                                                          

【答案 】found

【解析】考查时态。考查时态。表述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填found。

17. Last Stuturday,eight students from school________( pay) a visit to the knowledge of science and Technology Museum.                          

【答案】 paid

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：上周日，我们学校八名学生参观了中国科技馆。本句 pay a visit 这一动作发生在上周日，描述过去某个时间发生的动作应该使用一般过去时。故填 paid。

18. During my last summer holiday, I ________(go) to the countryside to enjoy myself.                                                             

【答案】 went

【解析】 考查时态。根据last summer holiday可知句子用一般过去时态，故填went。

19. He seemed confidence, although he ________(have) failed his first road test.                                                                     

【答案】hhad

【解析】考查时态。句意：虽然他的第一次路考失败了，但他似乎很有信心。“路考”应该是更靠前的一个动作，所以要用过去完成时态，故填had。

20. After he greeted his friend, they begin to talk. 

【答案】 began

【解析】 考查一般过去时。句意：在打完招呼之后，开始交流。分析句子可知，本文陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。

21. When the news         (get）around，excitement filled the whole village.                                                                              

【答案】 got

【解析】 考查时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是上周的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填got。

22. Just then, a little dog ________(lie_ at my feet quietly.

【答案】 lay

【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：就在这时，一只小狗静静地躺在我的脚边。根据文章的时间状语可知，本文讲述的是过去的事，所以要用一般过去时，故填lay 。

23.  I ______(write) a report about the environment here over the last few days, which I have to hand in next week.

【答案】 have been writing

【解析】 根据语境可知，本句中用现在完成进行时表示write这一动作这些天一直在进行。故填have been writing。

24.—Do you know where Tom is?

—He ________(read) in the reading room this morning, but I don’t know if he is still there.

【答案】was reading

【解析】考查时态。  句意：—你知道Tom在哪吗？—他今早在阅览室读书，但我不知道他现在是否还在那里。此题考查时态，题目表示的是他今早所处的状态，故用过去进行时。

25.Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he _______ (make) some serious mistakes.

【答案】had made  

【解析】句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。该空动作发生在主句动作“had to admit”之前，应用过去完成时。

26. It is the 20th time in history that Chinese women’s table tennis team _________(win) the honorable award---M Corbillon Cup(考比伦杯).

【答案】 has won

【解析】 考查时态。句意：这是中国女子乒乓球队历史上第20次赢得＂考比伦杯＂这一荣誉奖项。依照句子结构来看，本句主要考查 ＂It is the +序数词 time that+从句＂的时态，该句型中that从句要用现在完成时，从句的主语为＂Chinese women’s table tennis team＂，为单数，故填has won。

27.  It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________(commit) the offence.

【答案】 committed 

【解析】 考查时态  句意：在案件中通常是警察先进行调查再研究那些表明可能是谁犯罪的证据。题干中“suggest”一词较有迷惑性，此处考查的是“暗示，表明”之意，故不能使用虚拟语气，故用一般过去时。

28.  Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________（pass） and is beyond our control.

A. has passed     B. will pass        C. passed       D. had passed

【答案】 has passed

【解析】 句意：生活教会我们不要后悔昨天的事情，因为它已经过去，我们无法掌控。A. has passed 现在完成时。根据句意可以判断，这里表示动作已经完成，应该用现在完成时。

29. China _______(launch) its first human spaceflight mission in more than three years successfully, placing into orbit a spacecraft carrying two astronauts that will dock with a new space laboratory module.

【答案】launched

【解析】考查时态  句意：时隔三年中国再次进行载人航天发射，搭载两名航天员的载人飞船进入轨道，与其他空间实验室对接。此题考查时态，依据句意可知讲述的过去发生的事情，故填launched。

30. With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters,________(spring) up in China’s major cities these years.

【答案】have sprung up

【解析】考查时态。句意：近年来，随着人们对健身的重视，面积约5平方米的自助迷你健身房如雨后春笋般在中国各大城市兴起。根据these years“这些年”，可知句子用现在完成时态。

31. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty without any leftover. Food________(save) and the dining hall was cleaner.

【答案】was saved

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：节约了食物，餐厅也更干净了。全文叙述的是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时；句子主语food和save之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；因此用一般过去时的被动语态；主语food是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was saved。

32. Until now, it ________(become) an essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China. And its charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public.

【答案】has become/becomes

【解析】考查时态。句意：直到现在，它已经成为了引导中国农业生产重要的工具。until now可以理解为现在之前用现在完成时或当前的状态用一般现在时。故填has become/becomes。

33. I gave a dress to my granddaughter Anne for her birthday. With a pause at the dress, she smiled lovingly at me and ________ (tell) me it was beautiful. I was happy that she liked it.

【答案】told

【解析】考查时态。句意：看到那件衣服她停顿了一下，亲切地对我笑了笑，说那衣服很漂亮。并列连词and到me这个句中除了tell外，无其余动词。故这空格要填时态。又因为tell和逻辑主语之间表示主动，且整篇整体时态为一般过去时。故填told。

34. I’ll always remember the woman who gave me tissues while I was crying on the train. I ________ (try) so hard to calm down when she handed me the tissues.

【答案】tried/was trying

【解析】考查固定句式及时态。句意：当她把纸巾递给我时，我（正）努力使自己平静下来。“were/was doing…when…”为固定句式，意为“正要做……这个时候……”。本句叙述的是过去的事，主语是I，用was trying。也可译为“当我在尽力平静进，她把纸巾递给我”，表示动作发生在过去 ，可用一般过去时，填tried。故本空填 tried/was trying。

35. But the problem is that too many of us ________ (visit) them at the same time, putting pressure on these delicate and ancient places. That's why a number of beauty spots and historic sites have been introducing charges or restrictions on the number of tourists.

【答案】are visiting考查时态。

【解析】句意：但问题是我们太多人同时参观它们，给这些脆弱而古老的地方带来了压力。结合句意，本句为现在进行时。主语为too many of us，所 以 谓 语为 are visiting。故填are visiting。

36. A news report shows that China's urban pet consumer market ________ (expect) to break through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year. Young people in big cities are the main contributors.

【答案】is expected

【解析】考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，讲的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语China's urban pet consumer market（单数）和动词expect是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，be expected to do意为“被期望做……”故填is expected。

37. Nowadays, with the cost of living rising, young people _______ (suffer) from greater loneliness and pressure. They are busy working all day in a competitive environment, leaving little time for fun and friends.

【答案】are suffering

【解析】考查时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由Nowadays和语境可知，此处指中国年轻人正在承受着更大的孤独和压力，所以用现在进行时（am/is/are doing），表“正在……”，主语young people是复数。故填are suffering。

38. China_______ (become) the third country to independently send astronauts into space in 2003 when Yang Liwei orbited Earth in the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft. However Shenzhou V is not designed for the environment of deep space.

【答案】became

【解析】考查动词时态。句意：2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为第三个独立将宇航员送入太空的国家。根据后文时间状语in 2003可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填became。

39. A week before Earth Day, posters_______(put) up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.

【答案】were put

【解析】考查被动语态。句意：在地球日前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，号召我们加入到建设一个更绿色地球的行动中来。分析句子可知，本句的主语posters与谓语动词put up 二者是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据时间状语A week before Earth Day（在地球日的前一周）是过去的时间状语，要用一般过去时，因此本空格要用一般过去时的被动，故填were put。

40. Finally, we all _______(agree) that the wall newspaper would be the best choice. The next day, we put our idea into reality.

【答案】agreed

【解析】考查时态。句意：我们都一致认为办墙报是最好的选择。根据时间状语Last week，全文叙述的是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。故填agreed。