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江苏省南京市第一中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份江苏省南京市第一中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析），共31页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
南京一中2022-2023学年第一学期期中考试试卷
高三英语
本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分
第一部分: 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有5秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B. The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
C. The man lost those tools.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Simon, could you return the tools I lent you for building the bookshelf last month?
M: Oh, well, I hate to tell you this, but I can’t seem to find them.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we know about the man?
A. He doesn’t like his job.
B. He will not give up his job.
C. He has a large family to support.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Well, you said you didn’t care very much for your job. Have you every thought of giving it up?
M: Not really. You see I have a lot of friends in the office. I’m part of the family there.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Teachers and students. C. Headmaster and teachers.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Miss Green. Sorry, I failed your subject again but I really tried my best.
W: No one is sure to succeed every time. Cheer up, young man. You will have more chances.
M: Thank you, Miss Green. I’ll try harder next time.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who is worried about gaining weight?
A. The son. B. Aunt Louise. C. The mother.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I don’t know how you can eat so much yet never put on any weight, son. Your father’s got the same luck. I can’t take a bite without calculating how many calories I am taking.
M: But remember Aunt Louise, Mom? She ate a lot and never gained a pound.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why doesn’t the woman buy the coat?
A. It is expensive. B. There isn’t her size. C. She doesn’t like the color.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Don’t you like the coat you just tried on?
W: Well, I like the color and fabric.
M: And it is really nice and reasonably priced.
W: Yes I would have bought it right away if they had had it in my size.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the woman probably?
A. A hotel clerk. B. A house agent C. A shop assistant.
7. What is the pillow filled with?
A. Cotton. B. Dried flowers. C. A special material.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Can you describe the room to me, please?
W: Certainly. Let’s see, first there’s a big double bed, and of course there’s a telephone by the bed, and you have the radio alarm next to that. Then there’s a TV…
M: Oh, well, are the bed sheets changed every day?
W: Yes. They’re changed every day. And in fact the pillows are filled with a special material instead of cotton, which can help you fall asleep.
M: I’m allergic to flowers.
W: I’m sure they’re not dried flowers. But I’m sorry I can’t remember the name.
M: Well, that seems to be just fine.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What kind of skills does the woman not have?
A. Operating computers.
B. Doing business.
C. Typing.
9. Which company did the woman work in?
A. A trading company and a trust company.
B. A trust company.
C. A trading company.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Tell me about yourself and your past experience.
W: I have worked as an executive secretary for 5 years, first for a trading company, then a trust company.
M: How fast can you type?
W: I can type 100 Chinese words per minute and 150 English words a minute.
M: Can you operate computers skillfully?
W: Yes, I can. I have received some special training in computers. Besides I am good at operating common office machines like fax.
M: Sometimes we are very busy and need to work overtime. How do you feel about that?
W: Could you tell me how often and how many hours I should work overtime?
M: It just depends. If we have important visiting delegations, you have to stay with us. It’s not unusual.
W: That’s all right.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What’s wrong with the woman’s mother?
A. She has been sick.
B. She misses her family and friends.
C. She can’t earn enough to support her family.
11. Where does the woman live?
A. In America. B. In India. C. In Britain.
12. What does the woman plan to do next year?
A. Study a new language.
B. Travel to India.
C. Visit her father’s native country.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【详解】M: Hi. Asha. Is your mother feeling any better?
W: No. I'm afraid not. She's very homesick. She misses her family and friends back in India.
M: Do you think she will ever move back to India?
W: I'm not sure. It's very difficult for her, because my father and my sisters all live here in California, so she doesn't want to leave us
M: Does she ever go to visit her family in India?
W: She goes back once a year to visit her family and friends. But when she's in India, she misses her family in the United States.
M: It must be very hard for her, to always be torn between two places.
W: Yes, it is. And she's always telling us not to forget our Indian culture. So, next year, my sisters and I are planning on traveling to India with her for a few months, so that we can all experience the culture together
M: I think that's a wonderful idea. She'll be so happy!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. How many Economics lectures will the man attend every week?
A. Five times, from Monday to Friday.
B. Two times, on Thursday and Friday.
C. Two times, on Tuesday and Thursday.
14. Why did the man miss the meeting for the new students yesterday?
A. Because he hadn’t received any notice about that meeting.
B. Because he had to attend the group discussion.
C. Because he had to do some part time jobs yesterday.
15. If a student wants to earn the scholarship, what is the required attendance rate?
A. 80%. B. 90%. C. 100%.
16. Which of the following statements is not true according to the conversation?
A. The man is a freshman in the university.
B. The man has to work after school.
C. The man thinks the time of the lecture is too early.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I’m a new student on Economics. Can I know some information about the courses?
W: Well, I lecture on that program. What do you need to know?
M: I’d like to know how many lectures a week I have to attend?
W: Two lectures a week, on Tuesday and Thursday. Besides, there’s one group discussion every Friday.
M: So what time?
W: Let me see …You should have known this information yesterday, at the meeting for the new students.
M: Oh, was there a meeting yesterday? I didn’t know about that …no one mentioned…
W: Never mind. Now lectures are at four in the afternoon.
M: Four’s bit late. I’ve got a part time job that starts at four thirty.
W: Well, but attendance at lectures is necessary. We expect at least 80% attendance at this university, you know.
M: 80%! That’s high.
W: But I’m afraid you have to meet that requirement, otherwise, you can’t get enough credits to graduate. And what’s more, if you want to earn the scholarship, 90% attendance rate or above is a must.
M: Ok, I see. Thank you for your information.
W: You’re welcome.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A. One year. B. Ten years. C. Eighteen years.
18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A. It’s comfortable. B. It’s time-saving. C. It’s cheap.
19. What is good about living in a small town?
A. It’s safer. B. It’s healthier. C. It’s more convenient.
20. What kind of life do the speakers seem to like most?
A. Busy. B. Colorful. C. Quiet.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】I grew up in a small town until I was 18 and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can’t imagine ever living in a small town again. Surely small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. In a small town, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. You can’t get around without one because there isn’t any kind of public transport. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving. So, if you don’t have a car, you’d better live in the city. I also love the exciting life in big cities. I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in small towns. The final thing I like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that’s one area where small towns are better than big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than to feel safe but dull.
第二部分： 阅读理解(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Real Hotels Featured in Movies
Timberline Lodge
Featured in: The Shining
Located on the south side of Mount Hood, Oregon, Timberline Lodge was used for some shots of the fictional Overlook Hotel in this 1980 horror film, based on Stephen King’s best-selling novel. Hotel management asked director Stanley Kubrick not to show room 217 (featured clearly in the book), concerned that future guests would avoid staying there. A nonexistent room number 237 was used instead. Surprisingly, room 217 is now requested more than any other room.
Park Hyatt Tokyo
Featured in: Lost in Translation
Located in the lively Shinjuku district (地区), Park Hyatt Tokyo is a primary setting for Sofia Coppola’s film Lost in Translation. Take a drink at the New York Bar on the hotel's top floor (where Bill Murray’s Bob Harris spends most of his evenings) and enjoy wonderful 360-degree views of the city and Mount Fuji.
Juvet Landscape Hotel
Featured in: Ex Machina
This sci-fi thriller takes place at the remote ultra-modern home of tech company CEO Nathan Bateman, the inventor of a highly advanced humanoid robot. His amazing house is actually the Juvet Landscape Hotel in Valldalen, Norway. Designed to blend in with (与……协调) the environment, the hotel’s rooms feature natural materials and floor-to-ceiling glass windows.
The Plaza Hotel
Featured in: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
After accidentally boarding a flight to New York while the rest of his family heads to Florida, 10-year-old Kevin McCallister checks into the Plaza Hotel. For the 25th anniversary of Home Alone 2, the hotel is offering a special “Live Like Kevin” package, which includes an over-the-top ice cream sundae delivered to your room. The Plaza Hotel has been featured in several other films, including North by Northwest, Sleepless in Seattle and The Great Gatsby.
21. Why was Stanley Kubrick required to use room number 237?
A. For safety concerns. B. For welfare concerns.
C. For a cultural reason. D. For an economic reason.
22. Which hotel should you choose if you want to enjoy a mountain view?
A. The Plaza Hotel. B. Park Hyatt Tokyo.
C. Timberline Lodge. D. Juvet Landscape Hotel.
23. How is the Plaza Hotel different from the other three hotels?
A. It is located in a big city.
B. It has branches all over the world.
C. It has appeared in more than one film.
D. It is designed in harmony with nature.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在电影中出现的现实中的真实酒店。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“Hotel management asked director Stanley Kubrick not to show room 217 (featured clearly in the book), concerned that future guests would avoid staying there. A nonexistent room number 237 was used instead.(酒店管理层要求主管Stanley Kubrick（不要展示217号房间（书中有明确说明），担心未来的客人会避免住在那里。取而代之的是不存在的237号房间)”可知，因为217号房间在小说中有明确说明，酒店管理层害怕未来的客人不住，不住就赚不到钱。由此可知，用237号房间代替是因为经济原因。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Take a drink at the New York Bar on the hotel's top floor (where Bill Murray’s Bob Harris spends most of his evenings) and enjoy wonderful 360-degree views of the city and Mount Fuji.(在酒店顶层的纽约酒吧（Bill Murray的Bob Harris晚上大部分时间都在这里度过）喝上一杯，欣赏城市和富士山的360度美景)”可知，在Park Hyatt Tokyo可以欣赏到山景。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“Located on the south side of Mount Hood, Oregon, Timberline Lodge was used for some shots of the fictional Overlook Hotel in this 1980 horror film, based on Stephen King’s best-selling novel.(坐落在俄勒冈州胡德山南边的“Timberline Lodge”在这部1980年根据斯蒂芬·金的畅销小说改编的恐怖片中被用来拍摄虚构的Overlook Hotel)”，第二段中的“Located in the lively Shinjuku district (地区), Park Hyatt Tokyo is a primary setting for Sofia Coppola's film Lost in Translation.(位于热闹的新宿区，Park Hyatt Tokyo是Sofia Coppola电影《迷失在翻译》的主要拍摄地)”，第三段中的“This sci-fi thriller takes place at the remote, ultra-modern home of tech company CEO Nathan Bateman, the inventor of a highly advanced humanoid robot. His amazing house is actually the Juvet Landscape Hotel in Valldalen, Norway.(这部科幻惊悚片发生在科技公司首席执行官Nathan Bateman的一个偏僻、超现代的家中，他发明了一种高度先进的人形机器人。他令人惊叹的房子实际上是位于挪威的Juvet Landscape Hotel)”和最后一段中的“The Plaza Hotel has been featured in several other films, including North by Northwest, Sleepless in Seattle and The Great Gatsby.(The Plaza Hotel也曾在其他几部电影中出现过，包括《西北偏北》、《西雅图不眠之夜》和《了不起的盖茨比》)”可知，The Plaza Hotel和其他三家酒店的不同之处在于它出现在不止一部电影中，其它三家酒店只出现在一部电影中。故选C项。
B
I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed to flourish.
What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.
Sometimes I think about my life without the black walnut. I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves.
Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife and a reminder.
24. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden?
A. To protect the injured skull. B. To prevent herself from sunburn.
C. To avoid being hit by the nuts. D. To reduce the chance of getting bitten by bees.
25. What is the tree’s survival strategy?
A. It attracts beneficial pollinators.
B. It lets out poison to drive away pests.
C. It produces a chemical fatal to some plants.
D. It competes for nutrition with similar species.
26 Which of the following DOESN’T account for the author’s love-hate relationship with the tree?
A. The volume of its fruits may bring inconvenience.
B. The tree outcompetes the native plants in the garden.
C. The tree is home to numerous birds and other creatures.
D. The presence of the tree takes up much space of the garden.
27. The author most probably got a reminder from the tree that ________.
A. it’s better to give than to take
B. trees and plants have their own ways to flourish
C. even a good relationship is not always trouble-free
D. acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者后院的黑胡桃树给他带来困扰，但同时也让作者感到自然的生机。于是，作者学会包容接纳，享受与黑核桃树相伴的生活。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. (掉落的果实会和棒球一样坚硬，可能伤到你、孩子、邻居和那些住在隔壁的人的脑袋。)”可知，作者在果园里劳动时，会佩戴一个自行车头盔，是为了保护头部不会被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸伤，故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. (作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。)”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物物种有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress. (这个地区的原生植物通常很容易生长，所以它们承受的压力较小。)”可知，在这个果园中，黑胡桃树在与当地原生植物的生存竞争中并未占据优势，原生植物长势繁荣，这并非是作者对黑胡桃树又爱又恨的原因之一。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. (我有没有想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干只有87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。)”和最后一段“I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. (我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。)”可知，作者从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D项。
C
"Tiny tubes and filaments （丝状物） in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils， giving new support for some ideas about how life began，" a new study says．
"The features are mineralized remains of what appear to be bacteria that lived some 3.77billion to 4.28billion years ago，" the scientist said． That would be older than some other rock features found in Greenland， which were considered to be the fossils last August．
The new results come from examining rock found along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in Northern Quebec． The filaments and tubes， made up of iron oxide called hematite （赤铁矿），appeared within a rock type called jasper （碧玉）．
Matthew Dodd of University College London， an author of the study published Wednesday by Nature， said the living things lived in the seafloor where water was heated by a volcano． "Since the fossils are nearly as old as Earth， which formed some 4.5 billion years ago， the findings support previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment，" he said．
He and his colleagues presented several lines of evidence to support the idea that tiny tubes and filaments are signatures of past life． But two experts who've previously reported similar findings said they are not convinced．
"I would say they are not fossils，" Martin J． Van Kranendonk of the University of New South Wales in Australia， who reported the Greenland findings last year， wrote in an email． "The paper's evidence for a biological origin falls short，" he said．
Abigail Allwood， a NASA geologist， said the authors have produced one of the most detailed cases yet made for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years． But "It's an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，" she said．
28. What do Matthew， Martin and Abigail have in common？ ______
A. They have been studying rock features．
B. They are working in the same university．
C. They all made a contribution to the Greenland findings．
D. They have discovered the oldest known fossils in the same place．
29. How does Martin feel about the new study？ ______
A. It confirms the biological origin．
B. It ignores the Greenland findings．
C. It needs more to convince people．
D. Its authors take ideas and words from his．
30. What's Abigail Allwood's attitude toward Matthew's findings？ ______
A. Supporting． B. Disapproving．
C. Indifferent． D. Neutral．
31. The new findings can make people know something about ______ ．
A. the process of fossil formation
B. how life started on the earth
C. how to examine rock and find fossils
D. how the earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要讲述了一项新研究表明：一些加拿大岩石中的微小管和细丝似乎是已知最古老的化石，为生命开始的一些想法提供了新的支持。但有科学家提出了反对意见,认为他们的证据不充分。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据根据第四段中的"Matthew... an author of the study",第六段中的"Martin... who reported the Greenland findings last year"和第七段内容可知,他们三人都在进行岩石地理特征的研究。因此可知，马修，马丁和阿比盖尔的共同点是他们都在研究岩石特征。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。 根据第六段内容可知,Martin对Matthew他们的发现表达了自己的观点,认为 the tubes and filaments不是化石,说他们证据不足,由此可推知,他认为该研究应提供更多的具有说服力的证据。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Abigail Allwood， a NASA geologist， said the authors have produced one of the most detailed cases yet made for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years． But "It's an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，" she said．可知，Abigail Allwood 既肯定该研究发现的优点,又提出研究人员需要提供更有力的证据来证明该研究发现的正确性与可靠性。由此可知，她对该研究发现持客观的态度，故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段"Tiny tubes and filaments （丝状物） in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils， giving new support for some ideas about how life began，" a new study says．"（一些加拿大岩石中的微小管和细丝似乎是已知最古老的化石，为生命开始的一些想法提供了新的支持，一项新研究表明说）以及下文可知，新发现可以让人们了解生命在地球上是如何起源的。故选B。
【点睛】
D
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.
This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
32 Why was star athlete trapped by self-blame?
A. She broke down during the match.
B. She didn’t try her best in the match.
C. She believed hard work should pay off.
D. She thought she should have practiced harder.
33. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure.
B. Praising children for effort increases academic performance.
C. Children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection.
D. Unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress.
34. According to the author, adults should _________.
A. help students learn from failure
B. protect students from discomfort
C. reward students for their hard work
D. explore the cause of students’ failure
35. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Effort equals achievement.
B. Motivation is the key to success.
C. Success is not always under control.
D. Effort is more important than ability.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：如果他们愿意为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些经常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句““I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.”，第二段开始：“This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来控制生活的结果，选项C：她相信努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的原因，所以选项C切题，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段：“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不健康的完美主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应该退的时候退缩。“A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研究表明拒绝放弃不可能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完美主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的研究结论是选项D切题，故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 我们成年人应该帮助学生以更健康的方式追求成功，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者用了研究结论来说明：“The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失败。所以可以推测出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：成功并不总是在控制之下。选项C切题，故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A. Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.____36____It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things.
Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.____37____But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even-like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.
One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.____38____ Or if you are, concerned about your physical capacity, consult a certified trainer or medical professional before departure.
____39____This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.
Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.____40____
A. Take risks in a positive way.
B. But the self- protective mind state carries its own risk.
C. Overall happiness is one benefit of positive risk-taking.
D. Remember to tell one of your friends or family your destination.
E. Besides taking preventive steps, flexible thinking is also encouraged.
F. Like a ship sailing away from its harbor, that is what we were built to do.
G. For teenagers, this means risks like running for monitor or trying out for a team.
【答案】36. B 37. G 38. D 39. E 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲述了作者认为尽管要保护自己，但也要进行适当的积极冒险，尝试新事物的想法，并给出了积极冒险的定义、措施。
【36题详解】
根据上文““A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A. Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.(“停泊在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，”20世纪初的作家John A. Shedd说。在整个Covid-19疫情期间，我们都习惯于以新的方式评估风险。我们已经认识到，尽管我们永远无法完全摆脱风险，但我们有强大的能力做出大大小小的选择来保护自己)”以及后文“It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things. (它阻止我们走出舒适区，尝试新事物)”可知，前面讲述了因为疫情我们都变得习惯用新方式评估风险，我们开始意识到我们有很大的能力进行大大小小的选择来保护自己，而空格后却表明这阻止我们迈出舒适圈和尝试新事物可知，选B才能符合前后的转折，it指代B中的自我保护的心态，但是自我保护的心态也有自己的风险。故B选项“但是自我保护的精神状态也有它自己的风险”符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.(发展心理学家谈论“积极风险”——社会可接受的风险，我们的生活可以从中受益)”以及后文“But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even- like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.(但是那些成长为成年人的人呢？研究人员发现，老年人的幸福在于能够选择如何度过他们的时间，包括冒险的、新的甚至是风险较小的徒步旅行或其他户外活动)”可知，上文表明发展心理学家讲述了积极风险的定义，空格后却表示但已经长大成人的大人呢。由此可知，所填句子应该是承接前一句讲述青少年（发展心理学本身的主要内容就是儿童期，包括青少年的心理发展），因此选G，对于青少年这意味着像竞选班长、报名参加一个团体这样的风险，this指代前面的positive risks，然后空格后再转折讲述成年人的幸福也包括冒险。故G选项“对青少年来说，这意味着要冒竞选班长或参加团队的风险”符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据上文“One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.(一份积极风险管理指南列出了人们可以确保他们的风险处于风险范围的“安全”一侧的方法。例如，为了确保骑行成功，你应该提前准备好一个充满电的手机和一个装满水的水瓶)”可知，此处应该继续描述为了顺利完成自行车骑行而采取的措施，故D选项“记得告诉你的朋友或家人你的目的地”符合语境，故选D。
【39题详解】
根据后文“This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.(这意味着要适应不断变化的情况。为了应对这一致命病毒，人们只有在接种疫苗后才选择回到正常生活。这样，人们就可以相信风险是可以承受的)”可知，根据空格后表示这表明适应变化的情形。后面举例表明，面对致死的病毒，人们选择在接种疫苗后回到日常生活可知，这里选E才符合后文，this指代E中的flexible thinking，除了采取预防措施，灵活变通的想法也值得提倡。故E选项“除了采取预防措施外，还鼓励灵活思考”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.(没有人愿意冒不必要的风险。但使用我们新获得的风险评估工具，我们可以再次在生活中学习和成长)”可知，文章开头就用船比喻人，表明尽管在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，来鼓励人们进行适当的冒险。在中间讲述了适当冒险的好处，定义和相应措施后，最后一段选F最合适，既符合该段落再次倡导使用新的风险评估工具，也符合前文对积极冒险的倡议，就像离开港口的船一样，我们的人生也该那样（合理冒险）。故F选项“就像一艘驶离港湾的船，这就是我们的使命”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15题; 每小题1分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We live in a world increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always ___41___ subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___42___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___43___ thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___44___, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an ___45___ that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was ___46___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___47___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___48___.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones— “but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___49___. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ____50____ us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own ____51____. To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ____52____ ones.
It ____53____ me that if I let go of my ____54____, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me-in more ways than one-to look at things with a(n) ____55____ mind.
41. A. chosen B. evaluated C. favored D. avoided
42. A. formulas B. puzzles C. challenges D. innovations
43 A. automatically B. consciously C. accurately D. impatiently
44. A. reason B. answer C. method D. direction
45. A. surprise B. experience C. incident D. adventure
46. A. hopeful B. confident C. doubtful D. nervous
47. A. supposedly B. mistakenly C. naturally D. previously
48. A. unique B. common C. different D. strange
49. A. mentioned B. encountered C. expected D. missed
50. A. engaged B. tested C. persuaded D. invited
51. A. choices B. abilities C. obstacles D. doubts
52. A. objective B. effective C. encouraging D. appealing
53. A. confused B. struck C. warned D. convinced
54. A. pride B. concern C. assessment D. prejudice
55. A. open B. strong C. sharp D. ready
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者通过自己的亲身经历意识到，科学和数学这样的学科比人文学科更加灵活，并不是固定不变的。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学开始，我就喜欢像科学和数学这样的学科。A. chosen选择；B. evaluated评估；C. favored喜欢；D. avoided避免。根据下文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___ , seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”可知，作者喜欢像科学和数学这样的学科。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这些充满了发现和创新的科目似乎比人文学科在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用。A. formulas公式；B. puzzles困惑；C. challenges挑战；D. innovations创新。根据上文“these subjects, full of discoveries”可知，在作者看来，科学和数学这样的学科是充满了发现和探索的，所以是有创新的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且我总是自然而然地认为这些科目比像英语这样的课程更扎实、更严肃。A. automatically不知不觉地；自然而然地；B. consciously有意识地；自觉地；C. accurately准确地；D. impatiently毫无耐心地。根据上文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ______2____seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”和下文“thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.”可知，作者一直认为充满了发现和创新的科目似乎比人文学科在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用，这是作者的固有印象，所以自然而然会认为这些科目比像英语这样的课程更扎实、更严肃。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想，如果没有正确答案，为什么还要麻烦去学习呢？A. reason原因；B. answer答案；C. method方法；D. direction方向。根据下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ ones.”可知，作者本来以为英语学科很多都是没有正确答案的。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是最近我的一次经历教过我，我的学术兴趣比我想象的更加灵活：我上了我的第一堂哲学课。A. surprise吃惊；B. experience经历；C. incident意外；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“Before I entered the classroom, I was ___6___ . I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___7___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___8___ .”可知，接下来要讲述的是作者的经历。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我进入教室之前，我是存有疑虑的。A. hopeful满怀希望的；B. confident自信的；C. doubtful有疑虑的；D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___7___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life.”可知，作者本来以为哲学课是很枯燥的，所以应该是对这门课没有抱有很好的期待，而是充满了疑虑。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想象着进行一些冗长而无聊的谈话，自然而然地就以此来反思生命的意义。A. supposedly据推测；B. mistakenly错误地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. previously以前地。根据上文“But recently I had an ___5___ that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.”可知，作者本来以为哲学课是不灵活的，所以讨论的问题自然而然就会有对应的结果。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我得到的东西确实是有些不同的。A. unique独特的；B. common常见的；C. different不同的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones— “but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___9___ . Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ___10___ us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own ___11___ . To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ ones.”可知，在哲学课上，作者体会到的和想象的不一样，作者之前认为哲学很枯燥，但实际上很有趣。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，琼斯先生——“但是你可以叫我罗布”——与我想象中的那个白头发、系着纽扣的老人大相径庭。A. mentioned提到；B. encountered遇见；C. expected期待；料想；认为；D. missed错过，思念。根据上段内容“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations____7____intended to reflect on the meaning of life. ”和上文“was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man”可知，作者在未上哲学课之前，认为哲学很无聊，认为老师可能是个白头发、系着纽扣的老人，但是当作者见到老师是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人时感到很惊讶，这是与自己料想的不一样。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯没有把我们拉进关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在我们的角度上吸引我们的兴趣。A. engaged使参与；吸引；B. tested测试；C. persuaded说服；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points”可知，罗伯没有把作者他们拉进关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在我们的角度上吸引我们的兴趣。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈到自由意志，我们看到了我们自己的障碍。A. choices选择；B. abilities能力；C. obstacles障碍；阻碍；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves.”可知，通过那些谈话，作者他们意识到了自己的意志并不是无限自由的，而是有一些阻碍。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到课程结束时，我发现没有正确答案的问题可能是最吸引人的。A. objective客观的；B. effective有效的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据上文“If there was no right ___4___ , I thought, why bother?”和“I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations”可知，作者以前认为，没有答案的是没有意义的，是枯燥无味的；而现在却发现，没有正确答案的问题才可能是最吸引人的。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，如果我放弃我的偏见，我可以从我曾经不在意的科目中得到很多。A. confused使困惑；B. struck发现；突然想到；猛地意识到；C. warned警告；D. convinced使相信。根据下文“that if I let go of my ___14___ , I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，这是作者上课之后意识到的内容。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. pride骄傲；B. concern担心；C. assessment评估；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“Since elementary school, I have always ___1___ subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___ , seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___3___ thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___4___ , I thought, why bother?”可知，作者以前对这些学科是有偏见的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这节课教会了我——用不止一种方法——用开放的心态去看待事物。A. open开放的；B. strong强壮的；C. sharp尖锐的；D. ready准备好的。根据上文“It ___13___ me that if I let go of my ___14___ , I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，作者意识到，对那些人文学科不能带有偏见，要思想开放。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study conducted twelve years ago near natural gas wells in New Mexico, researchers found that there were 75% fewer pinon pine seedlings(幼苗) in noisy sites than in quiet ____56____ . This was most likely due to the noise driving away the scrub jay(灌丛鸦), which plants thousands of pine seeds while ____57____(store) them to eat during the winter months. A research team from California Institute of Technology recently returned to the sites to find out whether the pinon pine had recovered ____58____ time.
____59____ companies changed the sites where they used noisy compressors(压缩机) to help produce natural gas, some of the ____60____(previous) noisy sites had become quiet. The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings ____61____(compare) to sites that didn’t have compressors added to speed up gas extraction. This shows that though the noise was removed before the pinon pine seeds ____62____(plant), they still didn’t sprout(发芽).
“The effects of human noise pollution ____63____(grow) into the structure of the woodland communities at present,” said biology professor and senior author Clint Francis. ____64____ we’re seeing now is that _____65_____(disappear) of the noise doesn’t necessarily immediately result in a recovery of ecological function.
【答案】56. ones
57. storing
58. over 59. As##Because##Since
60. previously
61. compared
62. were planted
63. are growing
64. What 65. disappearance
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：12年前，在新墨西哥州的天然气井附近进行的一项研究中，研究人员发现，在嘈杂的地方，皮松苗比在安静的地方少75%。根据句意可知，此处表达“皮松苗比在安静的地方少75%”。所替代的是同名异物，表示泛指，所以用代词ones来指代安静地区的皮松苗。故填ones。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这很可能是由于噪音赶走了灌丛鸦，它们会在冬天种下数千颗松树种子，并将它们储存起来以备食用。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且有be动词时可以省略主语和be动词。主句中，which指代the scrub jay，即从句完整的形式为while the scrub jay is storing them to eat during the winter months。故填storing。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：来自加州理工学院的一个研究小组最近回到了这些地点，以查明皮松苗是否随着时间的推移而恢复。根据上文的“had recovered”以及句意可知，此处表达“随着时间的推移”，所以填入介词over构成固定短语“over time(随着时间的流逝)”。故填over。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点，一些以前嘈杂的地点变得安静了。根据句意可知，此处表达“因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点”，所以用as、because或since引导原因状语从句。故填As、Because或Since
【60题详解】
考查副词。句意见上一题。修饰形容词noisy需要用副词。故填previously。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，在这些地区，与没有增加压缩机以加速气体提取的地点相比，秧苗仍然更少。句子的谓语动词为were，所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词compare何其逻辑主语seedlings之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填compared。
【62题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这表明，尽管在种植皮松种子之前消除了噪音，但它们仍然没有发芽。分析句子结构，此处为谓语动词。结合空格前的was removed可知，此处陈述过去的事实要用一般过去时。seeds和plant之间是被动关系。故填were planted。
【63题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：生物学教授、资深作者Clint Francis说：“目前，人类噪音污染的影响正在逐渐渗入林地群落的结构中。”分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。结合时间状语at present可知，此处表示“正在发生的事情”，所以用现在进行时。主语effects是复数，位于也用复数。故填are growing。
【64题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们现在看到的是，噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复。此处是主语从句，在从句中see缺少“什么”含义作宾语，所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填What。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意见上一题。此处需要用名词作主语。故填disappearance。
第四部分: 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：(满分15分)
66. 假如你是一所国际学校学生会干事李华。你校将对学生进行一次全员核酸检测。请你用英文草拟一则通知，通知全体学生参加核酸检测。
内容包括：1.检测时间；
2.检测地点；
3.注意事项。
注意：1.词数80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇：核酸检测nucleic acid testing
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Dear students,
In order to ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus, our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students. The testing will be carried out from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. this Friday in the gymnasium. The students are required to go and line up according to a time schedule to be given to each class later. During the testing, everyone should wear a mask and keep a distance of one meter, waiting quietly in line.
Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文写一则通知，通知全体学生参加核酸检测，告知学生检测时间、检测地点和注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
确保：ensure→guarantee
出现：appear→arise
决定做某事：decide to do sth.→be determined to do sth.
应该：should→be supposed to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus, our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students.
拓展句：Our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students so that we can ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The students are required to go and line up according to a time schedule to be given to each class later.（运用了动词不定式的被动语态作后置定语，修饰time schedule）
【高分句型2】During the testing, everyone should wear a mask and keep a distance of one meter, waiting quietly in line.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
第二节：(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a freezing morning of December, two police officers were patrolling the streets. Suddenly, the walkie-talkie (对讲机) on Alan, one of the officers, rang. “The cake shop near the City Museum has reported a burglary ( 窃案). Please rush to the scene Immediately”, said the electronic voice.
The two policemen quickly arrived at the shop, only to find that the scene showed no sign of crimes at all. Curiously, they checked the monitor and found that a thin woman broke open the window and climbed into the store at 5: 20 a. m. Instead of searching around, she walked straight into the storage room, stole cheese, chocolate, butter and other ingredients for a cake, and then ran away down the road.
Both policemen felt quite confused about her behavior. One of the shop assistants identified the thief as Clara, a single mother who lived nearby. She has an eight-year-old boy to take care of and lives in poverty.
Moments later, the two officers arrived at Clara's house. Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently.
The door opened and out came a very thin woman. From the outline of her figure, Alan recognized that she was exactly the thief. The woman, Clara, immediately understood the situation when she saw the two policemen. She buried her face in her hands and sat down on the floor.
At that very moment, a child's voice broke the silence, “Mom, is anyone coming for my birthday? Invite them in, please.”
After hearing the boy's words, Clara stood up and begged in a low voice, “Officer, I did steal those things, but there's nothing else I could do. It's my baby's birthday, and I've got neither job nor money. Please don't take those things away. I've just used them to make him a cake.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Looking into the woman's teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Looking into the woman's teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house. He looked at the child and said, “Happy birthday to you, kid. And enjoy your cake.” After that, he walked out, dragging Bob with him. “Officer, that woman should be taken to the police station. She should be responsible for her crime.” Alan replied, “What you said is absolutely correct, but I can never take away a child's birthday cake. Although what Clara did was wrong indeed, she was just a helpless mother. It would be too cruel for us to take away a desperate mother who occasionally made a mistake in front of her child!”
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?” “The bill is on me,” Alan volunteered. After returning to the cake shop, he explained the incident to the shop owner and then paid for the stolen materials. Afterwards, Clara took the initiative to go to the police station，asking for her punishment. What the officer had done made her feel ashamed of her theft and she was determined to mend her way. She said that she would improve her life by her own efforts and would no longer do anything illegal again.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了两名警察收到警报说有一家蛋糕店失窃。警察们赶到蛋糕店发现是一名贫穷的单亲妈妈Clara偷了一些做蛋糕的原料。警察们到了Clara的家，得知她偷这些原料是为了给儿子过生日，因为她没有工作也没有钱。警察们为她向蛋糕店付了钱，Clara非常羞愧，她主动请求处罚并保证自己会通过自己的努力来改善生活，再也不做违法的事情。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“看着这个女人含泪的眼睛，Alan明白了，他走进了房子。”可知，第一段可描写Alan走进房子祝小男孩生日快乐，并劝说Bob不要抓走Clara。
②由第二段首句内容“Bob若有所思地点点头，问道：‘那她偷的东西呢?’”可知，第二段可描写Alan替Clara向蛋糕店付了钱并解释了这件事，Clara感到羞愧并主动悔改。
2.续写线索：祝福——劝说——付钱——解释——自首——悔改
3.词汇激活
行为类
①负责任：be responsible for/take the responsibility for
②回复：reply/respond
③返回：return/go back
情绪类
①绝望的：desperate/despairing
②羞愧的：ashamed/shameful
【点睛】[高分句型1] After that, he walked out, dragging Bob with him. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] It would be too cruel for us to take away a desperate mother who occasionally made a mistake in front of her child! (运用了it做形式主语以及who引导的定语从句)
南京一中2022-2023学年第一学期期中考试试卷
高三英语
本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分
第一部分: 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有5秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation?
A. The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B. The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
C. The man lost those tools.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Simon, could you return the tools I lent you for building the bookshelf last month?
M: Oh, well, I hate to tell you this, but I can’t seem to find them.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we know about the man?
A. He doesn’t like his job.
B. He will not give up his job.
C. He has a large family to support.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Well, you said you didn’t care very much for your job. Have you every thought of giving it up?
M: Not really. You see I have a lot of friends in the office. I’m part of the family there.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Teachers and students. C. Headmaster and teachers.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Miss Green. Sorry, I failed your subject again but I really tried my best.
W: No one is sure to succeed every time. Cheer up, young man. You will have more chances.
M: Thank you, Miss Green. I’ll try harder next time.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who is worried about gaining weight?
A. The son. B. Aunt Louise. C. The mother.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I don’t know how you can eat so much yet never put on any weight, son. Your father’s got the same luck. I can’t take a bite without calculating how many calories I am taking.
M: But remember Aunt Louise, Mom? She ate a lot and never gained a pound.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why doesn’t the woman buy the coat?
A. It is expensive. B. There isn’t her size. C. She doesn’t like the color.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Don’t you like the coat you just tried on?
W: Well, I like the color and fabric.
M: And it is really nice and reasonably priced.
W: Yes I would have bought it right away if they had had it in my size.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the woman probably?
A. A hotel clerk. B. A house agent C. A shop assistant.
7. What is the pillow filled with?
A. Cotton. B. Dried flowers. C. A special material.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Can you describe the room to me, please?
W: Certainly. Let’s see, first there’s a big double bed, and of course there’s a telephone by the bed, and you have the radio alarm next to that. Then there’s a TV…
M: Oh, well, are the bed sheets changed every day?
W: Yes. They’re changed every day. And in fact the pillows are filled with a special material instead of cotton, which can help you fall asleep.
M: I’m allergic to flowers.
W: I’m sure they’re not dried flowers. But I’m sorry I can’t remember the name.
M: Well, that seems to be just fine.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What kind of skills does the woman not have?
A. Operating computers.
B. Doing business.
C. Typing.
9. Which company did the woman work in?
A. A trading company and a trust company.
B. A trust company.
C. A trading company.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Tell me about yourself and your past experience.
W: I have worked as an executive secretary for 5 years, first for a trading company, then a trust company.
M: How fast can you type?
W: I can type 100 Chinese words per minute and 150 English words a minute.
M: Can you operate computers skillfully?
W: Yes, I can. I have received some special training in computers. Besides I am good at operating common office machines like fax.
M: Sometimes we are very busy and need to work overtime. How do you feel about that?
W: Could you tell me how often and how many hours I should work overtime?
M: It just depends. If we have important visiting delegations, you have to stay with us. It’s not unusual.
W: That’s all right.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What’s wrong with the woman’s mother?
A. She has been sick.
B. She misses her family and friends.
C. She can’t earn enough to support her family.
11. Where does the woman live?
A. In America. B. In India. C. In Britain.
12. What does the woman plan to do next year?
A. Study a new language.
B. Travel to India.
C. Visit her father’s native country.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【详解】M: Hi. Asha. Is your mother feeling any better?
W: No. I'm afraid not. She's very homesick. She misses her family and friends back in India.
M: Do you think she will ever move back to India?
W: I'm not sure. It's very difficult for her, because my father and my sisters all live here in California, so she doesn't want to leave us
M: Does she ever go to visit her family in India?
W: She goes back once a year to visit her family and friends. But when she's in India, she misses her family in the United States.
M: It must be very hard for her, to always be torn between two places.
W: Yes, it is. And she's always telling us not to forget our Indian culture. So, next year, my sisters and I are planning on traveling to India with her for a few months, so that we can all experience the culture together
M: I think that's a wonderful idea. She'll be so happy!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. How many Economics lectures will the man attend every week?
A. Five times, from Monday to Friday.
B. Two times, on Thursday and Friday.
C. Two times, on Tuesday and Thursday.
14. Why did the man miss the meeting for the new students yesterday?
A. Because he hadn’t received any notice about that meeting.
B. Because he had to attend the group discussion.
C. Because he had to do some part time jobs yesterday.
15. If a student wants to earn the scholarship, what is the required attendance rate?
A. 80%. B. 90%. C. 100%.
16. Which of the following statements is not true according to the conversation?
A. The man is a freshman in the university.
B. The man has to work after school.
C. The man thinks the time of the lecture is too early.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I’m a new student on Economics. Can I know some information about the courses?
W: Well, I lecture on that program. What do you need to know?
M: I’d like to know how many lectures a week I have to attend?
W: Two lectures a week, on Tuesday and Thursday. Besides, there’s one group discussion every Friday.
M: So what time?
W: Let me see …You should have known this information yesterday, at the meeting for the new students.
M: Oh, was there a meeting yesterday? I didn’t know about that …no one mentioned…
W: Never mind. Now lectures are at four in the afternoon.
M: Four’s bit late. I’ve got a part time job that starts at four thirty.
W: Well, but attendance at lectures is necessary. We expect at least 80% attendance at this university, you know.
M: 80%! That’s high.
W: But I’m afraid you have to meet that requirement, otherwise, you can’t get enough credits to graduate. And what’s more, if you want to earn the scholarship, 90% attendance rate or above is a must.
M: Ok, I see. Thank you for your information.
W: You’re welcome.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A. One year. B. Ten years. C. Eighteen years.
18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A. It’s comfortable. B. It’s time-saving. C. It’s cheap.
19. What is good about living in a small town?
A. It’s safer. B. It’s healthier. C. It’s more convenient.
20. What kind of life do the speakers seem to like most?
A. Busy. B. Colorful. C. Quiet.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】I grew up in a small town until I was 18 and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can’t imagine ever living in a small town again. Surely small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. In a small town, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. You can’t get around without one because there isn’t any kind of public transport. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving. So, if you don’t have a car, you’d better live in the city. I also love the exciting life in big cities. I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in small towns. The final thing I like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that’s one area where small towns are better than big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than to feel safe but dull.
第二部分： 阅读理解(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Real Hotels Featured in Movies
Timberline Lodge
Featured in: The Shining
Located on the south side of Mount Hood, Oregon, Timberline Lodge was used for some shots of the fictional Overlook Hotel in this 1980 horror film, based on Stephen King’s best-selling novel. Hotel management asked director Stanley Kubrick not to show room 217 (featured clearly in the book), concerned that future guests would avoid staying there. A nonexistent room number 237 was used instead. Surprisingly, room 217 is now requested more than any other room.
Park Hyatt Tokyo
Featured in: Lost in Translation
Located in the lively Shinjuku district (地区), Park Hyatt Tokyo is a primary setting for Sofia Coppola’s film Lost in Translation. Take a drink at the New York Bar on the hotel's top floor (where Bill Murray’s Bob Harris spends most of his evenings) and enjoy wonderful 360-degree views of the city and Mount Fuji.
Juvet Landscape Hotel
Featured in: Ex Machina
This sci-fi thriller takes place at the remote ultra-modern home of tech company CEO Nathan Bateman, the inventor of a highly advanced humanoid robot. His amazing house is actually the Juvet Landscape Hotel in Valldalen, Norway. Designed to blend in with (与……协调) the environment, the hotel’s rooms feature natural materials and floor-to-ceiling glass windows.
The Plaza Hotel
Featured in: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
After accidentally boarding a flight to New York while the rest of his family heads to Florida, 10-year-old Kevin McCallister checks into the Plaza Hotel. For the 25th anniversary of Home Alone 2, the hotel is offering a special “Live Like Kevin” package, which includes an over-the-top ice cream sundae delivered to your room. The Plaza Hotel has been featured in several other films, including North by Northwest, Sleepless in Seattle and The Great Gatsby.
21. Why was Stanley Kubrick required to use room number 237?
A. For safety concerns. B. For welfare concerns.
C. For a cultural reason. D. For an economic reason.
22. Which hotel should you choose if you want to enjoy a mountain view?
A. The Plaza Hotel. B. Park Hyatt Tokyo.
C. Timberline Lodge. D. Juvet Landscape Hotel.
23. How is the Plaza Hotel different from the other three hotels?
A. It is located in a big city.
B. It has branches all over the world.
C. It has appeared in more than one film.
D. It is designed in harmony with nature.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在电影中出现的现实中的真实酒店。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“Hotel management asked director Stanley Kubrick not to show room 217 (featured clearly in the book), concerned that future guests would avoid staying there. A nonexistent room number 237 was used instead.(酒店管理层要求主管Stanley Kubrick（不要展示217号房间（书中有明确说明），担心未来的客人会避免住在那里。取而代之的是不存在的237号房间)”可知，因为217号房间在小说中有明确说明，酒店管理层害怕未来的客人不住，不住就赚不到钱。由此可知，用237号房间代替是因为经济原因。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Take a drink at the New York Bar on the hotel's top floor (where Bill Murray’s Bob Harris spends most of his evenings) and enjoy wonderful 360-degree views of the city and Mount Fuji.(在酒店顶层的纽约酒吧（Bill Murray的Bob Harris晚上大部分时间都在这里度过）喝上一杯，欣赏城市和富士山的360度美景)”可知，在Park Hyatt Tokyo可以欣赏到山景。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“Located on the south side of Mount Hood, Oregon, Timberline Lodge was used for some shots of the fictional Overlook Hotel in this 1980 horror film, based on Stephen King’s best-selling novel.(坐落在俄勒冈州胡德山南边的“Timberline Lodge”在这部1980年根据斯蒂芬·金的畅销小说改编的恐怖片中被用来拍摄虚构的Overlook Hotel)”，第二段中的“Located in the lively Shinjuku district (地区), Park Hyatt Tokyo is a primary setting for Sofia Coppola's film Lost in Translation.(位于热闹的新宿区，Park Hyatt Tokyo是Sofia Coppola电影《迷失在翻译》的主要拍摄地)”，第三段中的“This sci-fi thriller takes place at the remote, ultra-modern home of tech company CEO Nathan Bateman, the inventor of a highly advanced humanoid robot. His amazing house is actually the Juvet Landscape Hotel in Valldalen, Norway.(这部科幻惊悚片发生在科技公司首席执行官Nathan Bateman的一个偏僻、超现代的家中，他发明了一种高度先进的人形机器人。他令人惊叹的房子实际上是位于挪威的Juvet Landscape Hotel)”和最后一段中的“The Plaza Hotel has been featured in several other films, including North by Northwest, Sleepless in Seattle and The Great Gatsby.(The Plaza Hotel也曾在其他几部电影中出现过，包括《西北偏北》、《西雅图不眠之夜》和《了不起的盖茨比》)”可知，The Plaza Hotel和其他三家酒店的不同之处在于它出现在不止一部电影中，其它三家酒店只出现在一部电影中。故选C项。
B
I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed to flourish.
What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress.
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.
Sometimes I think about my life without the black walnut. I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves.
Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife and a reminder.
24. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden?
A. To protect the injured skull. B. To prevent herself from sunburn.
C. To avoid being hit by the nuts. D. To reduce the chance of getting bitten by bees.
25. What is the tree’s survival strategy?
A. It attracts beneficial pollinators.
B. It lets out poison to drive away pests.
C. It produces a chemical fatal to some plants.
D. It competes for nutrition with similar species.
26 Which of the following DOESN’T account for the author’s love-hate relationship with the tree?
A. The volume of its fruits may bring inconvenience.
B. The tree outcompetes the native plants in the garden.
C. The tree is home to numerous birds and other creatures.
D. The presence of the tree takes up much space of the garden.
27. The author most probably got a reminder from the tree that ________.
A. it’s better to give than to take
B. trees and plants have their own ways to flourish
C. even a good relationship is not always trouble-free
D. acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者后院的黑胡桃树给他带来困扰，但同时也让作者感到自然的生机。于是，作者学会包容接纳，享受与黑核桃树相伴的生活。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. (掉落的果实会和棒球一样坚硬，可能伤到你、孩子、邻居和那些住在隔壁的人的脑袋。)”可知，作者在果园里劳动时，会佩戴一个自行车头盔，是为了保护头部不会被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸伤，故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. (作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。)”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物物种有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress. (这个地区的原生植物通常很容易生长，所以它们承受的压力较小。)”可知，在这个果园中，黑胡桃树在与当地原生植物的生存竞争中并未占据优势，原生植物长势繁荣，这并非是作者对黑胡桃树又爱又恨的原因之一。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. (我有没有想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干只有87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。)”和最后一段“I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. (我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。)”可知，作者从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D项。
C
"Tiny tubes and filaments （丝状物） in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils， giving new support for some ideas about how life began，" a new study says．
"The features are mineralized remains of what appear to be bacteria that lived some 3.77billion to 4.28billion years ago，" the scientist said． That would be older than some other rock features found in Greenland， which were considered to be the fossils last August．
The new results come from examining rock found along the eastern shore of Hudson Bay in Northern Quebec． The filaments and tubes， made up of iron oxide called hematite （赤铁矿），appeared within a rock type called jasper （碧玉）．
Matthew Dodd of University College London， an author of the study published Wednesday by Nature， said the living things lived in the seafloor where water was heated by a volcano． "Since the fossils are nearly as old as Earth， which formed some 4.5 billion years ago， the findings support previous indications that life may have begun in such an environment，" he said．
He and his colleagues presented several lines of evidence to support the idea that tiny tubes and filaments are signatures of past life． But two experts who've previously reported similar findings said they are not convinced．
"I would say they are not fossils，" Martin J． Van Kranendonk of the University of New South Wales in Australia， who reported the Greenland findings last year， wrote in an email． "The paper's evidence for a biological origin falls short，" he said．
Abigail Allwood， a NASA geologist， said the authors have produced one of the most detailed cases yet made for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years． But "It's an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，" she said．
28. What do Matthew， Martin and Abigail have in common？ ______
A. They have been studying rock features．
B. They are working in the same university．
C. They all made a contribution to the Greenland findings．
D. They have discovered the oldest known fossils in the same place．
29. How does Martin feel about the new study？ ______
A. It confirms the biological origin．
B. It ignores the Greenland findings．
C. It needs more to convince people．
D. Its authors take ideas and words from his．
30. What's Abigail Allwood's attitude toward Matthew's findings？ ______
A. Supporting． B. Disapproving．
C. Indifferent． D. Neutral．
31. The new findings can make people know something about ______ ．
A. the process of fossil formation
B. how life started on the earth
C. how to examine rock and find fossils
D. how the earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要讲述了一项新研究表明：一些加拿大岩石中的微小管和细丝似乎是已知最古老的化石，为生命开始的一些想法提供了新的支持。但有科学家提出了反对意见,认为他们的证据不充分。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据根据第四段中的"Matthew... an author of the study",第六段中的"Martin... who reported the Greenland findings last year"和第七段内容可知,他们三人都在进行岩石地理特征的研究。因此可知，马修，马丁和阿比盖尔的共同点是他们都在研究岩石特征。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。 根据第六段内容可知,Martin对Matthew他们的发现表达了自己的观点,认为 the tubes and filaments不是化石,说他们证据不足,由此可推知,他认为该研究应提供更多的具有说服力的证据。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Abigail Allwood， a NASA geologist， said the authors have produced one of the most detailed cases yet made for evidence of life in rocks older than 3.5 billion years． But "It's an extraordinary claim to make and you do need extraordinary evidence，" she said．可知，Abigail Allwood 既肯定该研究发现的优点,又提出研究人员需要提供更有力的证据来证明该研究发现的正确性与可靠性。由此可知，她对该研究发现持客观的态度，故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段"Tiny tubes and filaments （丝状物） in some Canadian rock appear to be the oldest known fossils， giving new support for some ideas about how life began，" a new study says．"（一些加拿大岩石中的微小管和细丝似乎是已知最古老的化石，为生命开始的一些想法提供了新的支持，一项新研究表明说）以及下文可知，新发现可以让人们了解生命在地球上是如何起源的。故选B。
【点睛】
D
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.
This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
32 Why was star athlete trapped by self-blame?
A. She broke down during the match.
B. She didn’t try her best in the match.
C. She believed hard work should pay off.
D. She thought she should have practiced harder.
33. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure.
B. Praising children for effort increases academic performance.
C. Children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection.
D. Unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress.
34. According to the author, adults should _________.
A. help students learn from failure
B. protect students from discomfort
C. reward students for their hard work
D. explore the cause of students’ failure
35. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Effort equals achievement.
B. Motivation is the key to success.
C. Success is not always under control.
D. Effort is more important than ability.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：如果他们愿意为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些经常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句““I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.”，第二段开始：“This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来控制生活的结果，选项C：她相信努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的原因，所以选项C切题，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段：“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不健康的完美主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应该退的时候退缩。“A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研究表明拒绝放弃不可能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完美主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的研究结论是选项D切题，故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 我们成年人应该帮助学生以更健康的方式追求成功，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者用了研究结论来说明：“The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失败。所以可以推测出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：成功并不总是在控制之下。选项C切题，故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A. Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.____36____It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things.
Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.____37____But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even-like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.
One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.____38____ Or if you are, concerned about your physical capacity, consult a certified trainer or medical professional before departure.
____39____This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.
Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.____40____
A. Take risks in a positive way.
B. But the self- protective mind state carries its own risk.
C. Overall happiness is one benefit of positive risk-taking.
D. Remember to tell one of your friends or family your destination.
E. Besides taking preventive steps, flexible thinking is also encouraged.
F. Like a ship sailing away from its harbor, that is what we were built to do.
G. For teenagers, this means risks like running for monitor or trying out for a team.
【答案】36. B 37. G 38. D 39. E 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要讲述了作者认为尽管要保护自己，但也要进行适当的积极冒险，尝试新事物的想法，并给出了积极冒险的定义、措施。
【36题详解】
根据上文““A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” said John A. Shedd, an early 20th century author. Throughout’ the Covid-19, we’ve all become used to assessing risk in new ways. We’ve come to understand, though we can never get rid of risk altogether, we have great power to make choices both large and small to protect ourselves.(“停泊在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，”20世纪初的作家John A. Shedd说。在整个Covid-19疫情期间，我们都习惯于以新的方式评估风险。我们已经认识到，尽管我们永远无法完全摆脱风险，但我们有强大的能力做出大大小小的选择来保护自己)”以及后文“It stops us from stepping outside of our comfort zones and trying new things. (它阻止我们走出舒适区，尝试新事物)”可知，前面讲述了因为疫情我们都变得习惯用新方式评估风险，我们开始意识到我们有很大的能力进行大大小小的选择来保护自己，而空格后却表明这阻止我们迈出舒适圈和尝试新事物可知，选B才能符合前后的转折，it指代B中的自我保护的心态，但是自我保护的心态也有自己的风险。故B选项“但是自我保护的精神状态也有它自己的风险”符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Developmental psychologists talk about “positive risks” — socially acceptable risks that our lives can benefit from.(发展心理学家谈论“积极风险”——社会可接受的风险，我们的生活可以从中受益)”以及后文“But what about these, who develop into adults? Researchers have found that happiness for older adults is being able to choose how they spend their time, including ways that are adventurous, new and even- like hiking or other outdoor activities — mildly risky.(但是那些成长为成年人的人呢？研究人员发现，老年人的幸福在于能够选择如何度过他们的时间，包括冒险的、新的甚至是风险较小的徒步旅行或其他户外活动)”可知，上文表明发展心理学家讲述了积极风险的定义，空格后却表示但已经长大成人的大人呢。由此可知，所填句子应该是承接前一句讲述青少年（发展心理学本身的主要内容就是儿童期，包括青少年的心理发展），因此选G，对于青少年这意味着像竞选班长、报名参加一个团体这样的风险，this指代前面的positive risks，然后空格后再转折讲述成年人的幸福也包括冒险。故G选项“对青少年来说，这意味着要冒竞选班长或参加团队的风险”符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据上文“One guide to positive risk management lists ways that people can make sure their risks are on the “safe" side of risk range. For example, to ensure a successful bike ride, you should in advance equip yourself with a fully-charged cell phone and a full water bottle.(一份积极风险管理指南列出了人们可以确保他们的风险处于风险范围的“安全”一侧的方法。例如，为了确保骑行成功，你应该提前准备好一个充满电的手机和一个装满水的水瓶)”可知，此处应该继续描述为了顺利完成自行车骑行而采取的措施，故D选项“记得告诉你的朋友或家人你的目的地”符合语境，故选D。
【39题详解】
根据后文“This means adapting to changing situations. In response to the deadly virus, people choose to step back into normal life only after they are vaccinated. In this way, people could be confident that the risk is tolerable.(这意味着要适应不断变化的情况。为了应对这一致命病毒，人们只有在接种疫苗后才选择回到正常生活。这样，人们就可以相信风险是可以承受的)”可知，根据空格后表示这表明适应变化的情形。后面举例表明，面对致死的病毒，人们选择在接种疫苗后回到日常生活可知，这里选E才符合后文，this指代E中的flexible thinking，除了采取预防措施，灵活变通的想法也值得提倡。故E选项“除了采取预防措施外，还鼓励灵活思考”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Nobody wants to be needlessly risky. But using our newly-acquired risk assessment tools, we can once again learn and grow in our lives.(没有人愿意冒不必要的风险。但使用我们新获得的风险评估工具，我们可以再次在生活中学习和成长)”可知，文章开头就用船比喻人，表明尽管在港口的船是安全的，但那不是造船的目的，来鼓励人们进行适当的冒险。在中间讲述了适当冒险的好处，定义和相应措施后，最后一段选F最合适，既符合该段落再次倡导使用新的风险评估工具，也符合前文对积极冒险的倡议，就像离开港口的船一样，我们的人生也该那样（合理冒险）。故F选项“就像一艘驶离港湾的船，这就是我们的使命”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15题; 每小题1分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We live in a world increasingly dominated by science. Since elementary school, I have always ___41___ subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___42___, seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___43___ thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___44___, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an ___45___ that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.
Before I entered the classroom, I was ___46___. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___47___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___48___.
A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones— “but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___49___. Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ____50____ us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own ____51____. To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ____52____ ones.
It ____53____ me that if I let go of my ____54____, I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of. The class taught me-in more ways than one-to look at things with a(n) ____55____ mind.
41. A. chosen B. evaluated C. favored D. avoided
42. A. formulas B. puzzles C. challenges D. innovations
43 A. automatically B. consciously C. accurately D. impatiently
44. A. reason B. answer C. method D. direction
45. A. surprise B. experience C. incident D. adventure
46. A. hopeful B. confident C. doubtful D. nervous
47. A. supposedly B. mistakenly C. naturally D. previously
48. A. unique B. common C. different D. strange
49. A. mentioned B. encountered C. expected D. missed
50. A. engaged B. tested C. persuaded D. invited
51. A. choices B. abilities C. obstacles D. doubts
52. A. objective B. effective C. encouraging D. appealing
53. A. confused B. struck C. warned D. convinced
54. A. pride B. concern C. assessment D. prejudice
55. A. open B. strong C. sharp D. ready
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者通过自己的亲身经历意识到，科学和数学这样的学科比人文学科更加灵活，并不是固定不变的。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学开始，我就喜欢像科学和数学这样的学科。A. chosen选择；B. evaluated评估；C. favored喜欢；D. avoided避免。根据下文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___ , seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”可知，作者喜欢像科学和数学这样的学科。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这些充满了发现和创新的科目似乎比人文学科在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用。A. formulas公式；B. puzzles困惑；C. challenges挑战；D. innovations创新。根据上文“these subjects, full of discoveries”可知，在作者看来，科学和数学这样的学科是充满了发现和探索的，所以是有创新的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且我总是自然而然地认为这些科目比像英语这样的课程更扎实、更严肃。A. automatically不知不觉地；自然而然地；B. consciously有意识地；自觉地；C. accurately准确地；D. impatiently毫无耐心地。根据上文“To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ______2____seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities.”和下文“thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English.”可知，作者一直认为充满了发现和创新的科目似乎比人文学科在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用，这是作者的固有印象，所以自然而然会认为这些科目比像英语这样的课程更扎实、更严肃。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想，如果没有正确答案，为什么还要麻烦去学习呢？A. reason原因；B. answer答案；C. method方法；D. direction方向。根据下文“By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ ones.”可知，作者本来以为英语学科很多都是没有正确答案的。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是最近我的一次经历教过我，我的学术兴趣比我想象的更加灵活：我上了我的第一堂哲学课。A. surprise吃惊；B. experience经历；C. incident意外；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“Before I entered the classroom, I was ___6___ . I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___7___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite ___8___ .”可知，接下来要讲述的是作者的经历。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我进入教室之前，我是存有疑虑的。A. hopeful满怀希望的；B. confident自信的；C. doubtful有疑虑的；D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations ___7___ intended to reflect on the meaning of life.”可知，作者本来以为哲学课是很枯燥的，所以应该是对这门课没有抱有很好的期待，而是充满了疑虑。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我想象着进行一些冗长而无聊的谈话，自然而然地就以此来反思生命的意义。A. supposedly据推测；B. mistakenly错误地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. previously以前地。根据上文“But recently I had an ___5___ that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.”可知，作者本来以为哲学课是不灵活的，所以讨论的问题自然而然就会有对应的结果。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我得到的东西确实是有些不同的。A. unique独特的；B. common常见的；C. different不同的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones— “but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had ___9___ . Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points, Rob ___10___ us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own ___11___ . To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most ___12___ ones.”可知，在哲学课上，作者体会到的和想象的不一样，作者之前认为哲学很枯燥，但实际上很有趣。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人，琼斯先生——“但是你可以叫我罗布”——与我想象中的那个白头发、系着纽扣的老人大相径庭。A. mentioned提到；B. encountered遇见；C. expected期待；料想；认为；D. missed错过，思念。根据上段内容“I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve. I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations____7____intended to reflect on the meaning of life. ”和上文“was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man”可知，作者在未上哲学课之前，认为哲学很无聊，认为老师可能是个白头发、系着纽扣的老人，但是当作者见到老师是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人时感到很惊讶，这是与自己料想的不一样。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯没有把我们拉进关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在我们的角度上吸引我们的兴趣。A. engaged使参与；吸引；B. tested测试；C. persuaded说服；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Rather than pulling us into dull arguments about difficult-to-understand philosophical points”可知，罗伯没有把作者他们拉进关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是站在我们的角度上吸引我们的兴趣。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈到自由意志，我们看到了我们自己的障碍。A. choices选择；B. abilities能力；C. obstacles障碍；阻碍；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“To talk morals, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves.”可知，通过那些谈话，作者他们意识到了自己的意志并不是无限自由的，而是有一些阻碍。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到课程结束时，我发现没有正确答案的问题可能是最吸引人的。A. objective客观的；B. effective有效的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据上文“If there was no right ___4___ , I thought, why bother?”和“I imagined getting into pretty long and boring conversations”可知，作者以前认为，没有答案的是没有意义的，是枯燥无味的；而现在却发现，没有正确答案的问题才可能是最吸引人的。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，如果我放弃我的偏见，我可以从我曾经不在意的科目中得到很多。A. confused使困惑；B. struck发现；突然想到；猛地意识到；C. warned警告；D. convinced使相信。根据下文“that if I let go of my ___14___ , I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，这是作者上课之后意识到的内容。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. pride骄傲；B. concern担心；C. assessment评估；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“Since elementary school, I have always ___1___ subjects like science and math. To me, these subjects, full of discoveries and ___2___ , seem to play more significant role in human progress than humanities. And I always ___3___ thought of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right ___4___ , I thought, why bother?”可知，作者以前对这些学科是有偏见的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这节课教会了我——用不止一种方法——用开放的心态去看待事物。A. open开放的；B. strong强壮的；C. sharp尖锐的；D. ready准备好的。根据上文“It ___13___ me that if I let go of my ___14___ , I can actually get a lot out of the subjects I once thought little of.”可知，作者意识到，对那些人文学科不能带有偏见，要思想开放。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study conducted twelve years ago near natural gas wells in New Mexico, researchers found that there were 75% fewer pinon pine seedlings(幼苗) in noisy sites than in quiet ____56____ . This was most likely due to the noise driving away the scrub jay(灌丛鸦), which plants thousands of pine seeds while ____57____(store) them to eat during the winter months. A research team from California Institute of Technology recently returned to the sites to find out whether the pinon pine had recovered ____58____ time.
____59____ companies changed the sites where they used noisy compressors(压缩机) to help produce natural gas, some of the ____60____(previous) noisy sites had become quiet. The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings ____61____(compare) to sites that didn’t have compressors added to speed up gas extraction. This shows that though the noise was removed before the pinon pine seeds ____62____(plant), they still didn’t sprout(发芽).
“The effects of human noise pollution ____63____(grow) into the structure of the woodland communities at present,” said biology professor and senior author Clint Francis. ____64____ we’re seeing now is that _____65_____(disappear) of the noise doesn’t necessarily immediately result in a recovery of ecological function.
【答案】56. ones
57. storing
58. over 59. As##Because##Since
60. previously
61. compared
62. were planted
63. are growing
64. What 65. disappearance
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：12年前，在新墨西哥州的天然气井附近进行的一项研究中，研究人员发现，在嘈杂的地方，皮松苗比在安静的地方少75%。根据句意可知，此处表达“皮松苗比在安静的地方少75%”。所替代的是同名异物，表示泛指，所以用代词ones来指代安静地区的皮松苗。故填ones。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这很可能是由于噪音赶走了灌丛鸦，它们会在冬天种下数千颗松树种子，并将它们储存起来以备食用。在状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且有be动词时可以省略主语和be动词。主句中，which指代the scrub jay，即从句完整的形式为while the scrub jay is storing them to eat during the winter months。故填storing。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：来自加州理工学院的一个研究小组最近回到了这些地点，以查明皮松苗是否随着时间的推移而恢复。根据上文的“had recovered”以及句意可知，此处表达“随着时间的推移”，所以填入介词over构成固定短语“over time(随着时间的流逝)”。故填over。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意：因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点，一些以前嘈杂的地点变得安静了。根据句意可知，此处表达“因为公司改变了使用噪音压缩机帮助生产天然气的地点”，所以用as、because或since引导原因状语从句。故填As、Because或Since
【60题详解】
考查副词。句意见上一题。修饰形容词noisy需要用副词。故填previously。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员发现，在这些地区，与没有增加压缩机以加速气体提取的地点相比，秧苗仍然更少。句子的谓语动词为were，所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词compare何其逻辑主语seedlings之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填compared。
【62题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这表明，尽管在种植皮松种子之前消除了噪音，但它们仍然没有发芽。分析句子结构，此处为谓语动词。结合空格前的was removed可知，此处陈述过去的事实要用一般过去时。seeds和plant之间是被动关系。故填were planted。
【63题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：生物学教授、资深作者Clint Francis说：“目前，人类噪音污染的影响正在逐渐渗入林地群落的结构中。”分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。结合时间状语at present可知，此处表示“正在发生的事情”，所以用现在进行时。主语effects是复数，位于也用复数。故填are growing。
【64题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：我们现在看到的是，噪音的消失不一定会立即导致生态功能的恢复。此处是主语从句，在从句中see缺少“什么”含义作宾语，所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填What。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意见上一题。此处需要用名词作主语。故填disappearance。
第四部分: 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：(满分15分)
66. 假如你是一所国际学校学生会干事李华。你校将对学生进行一次全员核酸检测。请你用英文草拟一则通知，通知全体学生参加核酸检测。
内容包括：1.检测时间；
2.检测地点；
3.注意事项。
注意：1.词数80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇：核酸检测nucleic acid testing
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
Dear students,
In order to ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus, our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students. The testing will be carried out from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. this Friday in the gymnasium. The students are required to go and line up according to a time schedule to be given to each class later. During the testing, everyone should wear a mask and keep a distance of one meter, waiting quietly in line.
Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文写一则通知，通知全体学生参加核酸检测，告知学生检测时间、检测地点和注意事项。
【详解】1.词汇积累
确保：ensure→guarantee
出现：appear→arise
决定做某事：decide to do sth.→be determined to do sth.
应该：should→be supposed to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus, our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students.
拓展句：Our school has decided to organize another nucleic acid testing for all the students so that we can ensure no case of covid-19 should appear on the campus.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The students are required to go and line up according to a time schedule to be given to each class later.（运用了动词不定式的被动语态作后置定语，修饰time schedule）
【高分句型2】During the testing, everyone should wear a mask and keep a distance of one meter, waiting quietly in line.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
第二节：(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a freezing morning of December, two police officers were patrolling the streets. Suddenly, the walkie-talkie (对讲机) on Alan, one of the officers, rang. “The cake shop near the City Museum has reported a burglary ( 窃案). Please rush to the scene Immediately”, said the electronic voice.
The two policemen quickly arrived at the shop, only to find that the scene showed no sign of crimes at all. Curiously, they checked the monitor and found that a thin woman broke open the window and climbed into the store at 5: 20 a. m. Instead of searching around, she walked straight into the storage room, stole cheese, chocolate, butter and other ingredients for a cake, and then ran away down the road.
Both policemen felt quite confused about her behavior. One of the shop assistants identified the thief as Clara, a single mother who lived nearby. She has an eight-year-old boy to take care of and lives in poverty.
Moments later, the two officers arrived at Clara's house. Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently.
The door opened and out came a very thin woman. From the outline of her figure, Alan recognized that she was exactly the thief. The woman, Clara, immediately understood the situation when she saw the two policemen. She buried her face in her hands and sat down on the floor.
At that very moment, a child's voice broke the silence, “Mom, is anyone coming for my birthday? Invite them in, please.”
After hearing the boy's words, Clara stood up and begged in a low voice, “Officer, I did steal those things, but there's nothing else I could do. It's my baby's birthday, and I've got neither job nor money. Please don't take those things away. I've just used them to make him a cake.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Looking into the woman's teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Looking into the woman's teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house. He looked at the child and said, “Happy birthday to you, kid. And enjoy your cake.” After that, he walked out, dragging Bob with him. “Officer, that woman should be taken to the police station. She should be responsible for her crime.” Alan replied, “What you said is absolutely correct, but I can never take away a child's birthday cake. Although what Clara did was wrong indeed, she was just a helpless mother. It would be too cruel for us to take away a desperate mother who occasionally made a mistake in front of her child!”
Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked, “What about the things she stole?” “The bill is on me,” Alan volunteered. After returning to the cake shop, he explained the incident to the shop owner and then paid for the stolen materials. Afterwards, Clara took the initiative to go to the police station，asking for her punishment. What the officer had done made her feel ashamed of her theft and she was determined to mend her way. She said that she would improve her life by her own efforts and would no longer do anything illegal again.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了两名警察收到警报说有一家蛋糕店失窃。警察们赶到蛋糕店发现是一名贫穷的单亲妈妈Clara偷了一些做蛋糕的原料。警察们到了Clara的家，得知她偷这些原料是为了给儿子过生日，因为她没有工作也没有钱。警察们为她向蛋糕店付了钱，Clara非常羞愧，她主动请求处罚并保证自己会通过自己的努力来改善生活，再也不做违法的事情。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“看着这个女人含泪的眼睛，Alan明白了，他走进了房子。”可知，第一段可描写Alan走进房子祝小男孩生日快乐，并劝说Bob不要抓走Clara。
②由第二段首句内容“Bob若有所思地点点头，问道：‘那她偷的东西呢?’”可知，第二段可描写Alan替Clara向蛋糕店付了钱并解释了这件事，Clara感到羞愧并主动悔改。
2.续写线索：祝福——劝说——付钱——解释——自首——悔改
3.词汇激活
行为类
①负责任：be responsible for/take the responsibility for
②回复：reply/respond
③返回：return/go back
情绪类
①绝望的：desperate/despairing
②羞愧的：ashamed/shameful
【点睛】[高分句型1] After that, he walked out, dragging Bob with him. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] It would be too cruel for us to take away a desperate mother who occasionally made a mistake in front of her child! (运用了it做形式主语以及who引导的定语从句)
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