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    译林版高中英语必修第三册UNIT3突破语法大冲关课件+学案

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    动词­ing作定语、状语和宾语补足语

    [观察例句]

    Walking in the parkshe saw an old friend. 时间状语

    Being illhe couldn't go to school. 原因状语

    Working hardyou'll make great progress. 条件状语

    The boy ran even fasterreaching the school out of breath.

    结果状语

    All night long he lay awakethinking of the problem. 伴随状语

    Is there a swimming pool in your school 前置定语

    I know the boy sitting besides you just now. 后置定语

    I heard him singing next door. 宾语补足语

    [归纳用法]

    、动词­ing形式作定语

    1表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途相当于for引导的介词短语。

    No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.

    阅览室里不准大声说话。

    2和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系表示所修饰词进行的动作相当于一个定语从句。

    The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.

    The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.

    在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。

    [名师点津] 动词­ing表示正在进行或习惯性的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成意义;不定式表示动作尚未发生。

    You should adapt to the changing situation.

    你应该适应不断变化的形势。

    The ground is covered with fallen leaves.

    地上满是落叶。

    I'm looking for a room to live in.

    我正在找房子住。

    [即学即练1] 单句语法填空

    When we got a call saying(say) she was short­listedwe thought it was a joke.

    Make less noise.There's a sleeping(sleep) child.

    LookThere are some leaves floating(float) on the water.

    There is a page missing(miss)from this book.

    The library being built(build) now will be the biggest one in our city.

    二、动词­ing形式作状语

    ()具体用法

    1作时间状语

    常放在句首相当于一个时间状语从句。

    Hearing the noiseI turned round.

    When I heard the noiseI turned round.

    听到响声我转过身去。

    2作原因状语

    相当于一个原因状语从句也可以放在句首。

    Being poorhe couldn't afford a TV set.

    Because he was poorhe couldn't afford a TV set.

    由于贫穷他买不起电视机。

    3作条件状语

    相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

    Working hardyou'll certainly succeed.

    If you work hardyou'll certainly succeed.

    只要努力学习你肯定会成功的。

    4作结果状语

    通常放在句末中间用逗号隔开表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。

    The fire lasted a whole nightcausing great damage.

    大火持续了一整夜造成了巨大损失。

    [名师点津] 动词­ing形式作结果状语是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果常用only to do结构其被动形式为only to be done

    He was caught in the rainthus making himself catch a cold.

    被雨淋后他感冒了。

    I hurried to schoolonly to find it was Sunday.

    我匆忙赶到学校结果发现是星期天。

    5作让步状语

    相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。

    Living miles awayhe attended the course on time every day.

    Although/Though he lived miles awayhe attended the course on time every day.

    尽管离几英里远他每天都按时上课。

    6作方式和伴随状语

    动词­ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。

    Mary sat by the window of the classroomreading a book.

    Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.

    玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。

    ()注意事项

    1时态

    do为例­ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)

    (1)当表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时用动词­ing的一般式。

    Walking in the streetI met an old friend of mine.

    我走在街上的时候遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)

    (2)当表示的动作先发生而谓语动词的动作后发生时用动词­ing的完成式。

    Having finished the letterhe went to post it.

    他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的went是后发生的)

    2语态

    使用动词­ing的主动式还是被动式主要取决于它和句子主语之间的关系。表示主动关系就用主动式表示被动关系就用被动式。

    Having been shown around the factorythey were very happy.

    被领着参观了工厂后他们很高兴。

    Having finished his homeworkhe went to bed.

    完成了作业后他上床睡觉。

    3动词­ing形式的否定式:notv.­ingnot havingv.­ed

    Not knowing thishe didn't come.

    他不知道这件事所以没来。

    Not having made full preparationswe put off the sports meeting.

    因为没有做好充分的准备我们把运动会延期了。

    4独立主格结构

    动词­ing形式作状语有时它也可以有自己独立的主语这种结构称为独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况也可以表示时间、原因或条件。

    Those trees are extremely tallsome measuring over 90 metres.

    那些树非常高其中一些高达90多米。

    The weather being finewe went out for a walk.

    由于天气好我们去散步了。

    [名师点津] 有些动词­ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generally speaking 一般来说judging by/from...……判断taking everything into consideration 从全盘考虑

    Judging from his behaviourhe must be mad.

    从他的行为来判断他一定是疯了。

    Generally speakinggirls are more interested in literature than boys.

    一般来说女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。

    [即学即练2] 用动词­ing短语改写句子

    The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area.

    The storm lefthaving caused a lot of damage to this area

    Do be more careful when you cross the street.

    Do be more careful when crossing the street

    As it was a wet daywe couldn't go for a walk.

    It being a wet daywe couldn't go for a walk.

    Because he did not know how to do ithe went to her for help.

    Not knowing how to do ithe went to her for help.

    As soon as she had made the bedsshe started making breakfast.

    Having made the bedsshe started making breakfast.

    三、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语

    1动词­ing形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(seeobservenoticewatchhearsmelllisten tolook atfeel)以及其他动词(catchhavemakegetstartleavekeepfind)的宾语后面作宾语补足语。

    I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.

    我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。

    [名师点津] 在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语也可以接动词­ing形式作宾语补足语其区别是:动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行不是指全过程;不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成指全过程。

    I saw the thief getting on the train.

    我看见那个贼正在上火车。

    I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.

    我看见那个贼上了火车消失了。

    2用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语

    I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.

    由于噪音不断我没法做家庭作业。

    With so many people looking at hershe felt nervous.

    这么多人看着她她感到紧张。

    [即学即练3] 单句语法填空

    Suddenly we heard someone knocking(knock) gently on the window.

    I suddenly felt myself being hit(hit) by a heavy fist.

    They use computers to keep the traffic running(run) smoothly.

    When I got thereI saw the famous star being surrounded(surround) by some girls.

    With the crowds cheering(cheer)they drove to the palace.

    .单句语法填空

    1The waiting(wait) room is always full of all kinds of people.

    2I saw a stranger coming(come) into the manager's office.

    3The boys gathering(gather) at the school gate are my classmates.

    4Those wishing(wish) to join this club should sign here.

    5Having missed (miss) the buswe had to walk home.

    6Watching(watch) the playshe couldn't keep back her tears.

    7Not having(have) much money, Mary decided to thumb a ride to New York.

    8The student talking(talk) with the foreigners over there is my brother.

    9When I saw the dog being beaten(beat) by several boysI came up to stop them.

    10The man left us standing(stand) aloneunable to find any help.

    .短文语法填空

    Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1.to save(save) time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and used books 2.that/which can save you a lot of money.What's morethey are far better 3.compared(compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of e­books online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4.shopping(shop) online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5.buying(buy)Online bookstores offer great discountswhich is a big attraction for book lovers.

    For book loversit is most important 6.to get(get) books in time.Thereforeyou need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.

    Here are some tips to use when 7.selecting(select) an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction bookssome are for non­fiction books or novelsetc.8.Understanding(understand) their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you will buy the books from a third­party seller 9.or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer super cheap pricesas books 10.sold(sell) at such low price could be in very bad condition.

     

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