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高中英语必修二 期末复习重难点知识集锦 Unit 3 The Internet知识点)
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Unit 3 The InternetPart one Vocabulary1. stream vt.流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频);流出vi.流动n.小河;溪流stream down… 顺着……往下流a stream of words 滔滔不绝的话 2. chat vi.聊天;闲聊chat with…about… 与……聊有关……chat sb. up 跟某人搭讪3. identity n.身份;个性identity card 身份证4. convenient adj.方便的;近便的be convenient for/to 对……方便的It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 5. keep sb. company 陪伴某人in company with sb. = in sb’s company6. benefit n.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于be a great benefit to 对……很有益处benefit from/ by 从……受益7. distance n.距离at a distance 离一段距离in the distance 在远处;在远方keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡;同某人疏远8. inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事be inspired by 受到……的启发9. access n.通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入;使用;获取have /get access to 有权利用/使用/见到gain access to 进入10. go through 经历;度过;通读go up 被兴建;上涨go over 仔细检查/复习;走到另一边11. target n.目标;对象;靶子vt.把……作为攻击目标a target for… ……的目标be targeted at 针对12. particular adj.特定的;特别的;讲究的in particular 尤其;特别;格外be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究13. upset adj.心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼;使生气;搅乱be upset about/at/by sth. 为某事苦恼/沮丧It upset sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到心烦意乱Part two Grammar现在完成时的被动语态一、基本结构: have/has been +及物动词过去分词 二.现在完成时的被动语态的形式: (1)肯定式:主语+ have/has+ been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The car has been repaired. 这辆汽车已经被修理过了。 (2)否定式:主语+ have/has+ not+ been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The house hasn’t been cleaned for a long time. 这所房子很久没有打扫了。 (3)一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他? Has my letter been received? 你收到我的信了吗? (4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他? How long has the car been used? 这辆汽车用了多长时间了? 三、主要用法:1. 表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,这个动作是被动的。当动词为短暂性动词的时候,可与already或yet连用,但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。 This novel has been translated into several languages. 2. 还可以表示在过去发生的,已知延续到现在的并可能持续延续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long…?”句型中。 The machine has been used for 3 years. 3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished.四、注意: 1)现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词:have/has和been 缺一不可。 2)注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对想在造成的影响或结果。 The machine has been repaired. (说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,“修好了”) The machine was repaired yesterday. (只说明动作发生在昨天) 3)不可与确定的表示过去或将来的时间状语连用(如yesterday, three days ago, in 1970,in 2050等),但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如 already,yet,just,often,recently,in the past few years等) They have been punished recently. 4)有些动词像finish,buy,start,begin,return,join,marry,open,die等,表示的动作很短暂,我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能够与for构成的短语,since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于How long…?句型中。Part three Sentence1. Now that he works and can take care of himself, his daughter has time to study at university.既然他工作了,可以照顾自己了,他女儿就有时间在大学里学习了。now that引导原因状语从句now that意为“既然,由于”,引导原因状语从句,表示明显的原因或已知的事实,语气较弱表示因果关系的连词:since和now that相似,语气较弱,强调人们已知的事实,从句一般放在句首。as意为“因为,由于”,语气比because弱,所引导的从句表示显而易见的原因,从句可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。for并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前面的句子补充说明理由。because表示因果关系时,语气最强,用来回答why的提问,通常表示直接而明确的原因。Now that everyone is here, let's start to work.既然所有人都到了,让我们开始工作吧。It must be morning, for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了,因为鸟儿在叫。Since you have finished your work, you’d better have a rest.既然你已经做完了你的工作,你最好休息一下吧。2. At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. “with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成with 的复合结构with+宾语+不定式(表示即将发生的动作)with+宾语+现在分词(表示正在进行的主动动作)with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动完成的动作)with+宾语+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语(表示状态或方式)例句:With two children attending middle school now, the parents have to work hard. 现在,由于两个孩子在中学上学,父母们不得不努力工作。With his pocket picked on the bus, the old man got a little angry.由于在公交车上被人掏了他的口袋,老人有点生气。With a lot of difficult problems to solve, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 由于有许多困难的问题要解决,新当选的总统现在处境艰难。Einstein walked in the street, with his slippers on.爱因斯坦穿着拖鞋走在街上。
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