【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题11：选词填空 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题11 高考词汇填空题型高分突破+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；
方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。
　　
【要点梳理】
词性考察
考点分析
做题技巧
名词
1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语
2、注意名词也可作前置定语
1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。
2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。
3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。
4、根据文章理解确定答案。
5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。
动词
do/does形式：
1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断
2、注意三单和动词及物不及物
doing形式：
1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态
2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语
3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况
done形式：
1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词
2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词
3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等
形容词
单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语
副词
句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末

Ø 解题思路一：名词的确定
动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：
1）Researchers had two groups of 20 people each listen to a 30-minute recording that included a sequence of numbers.
2）The officials realized that the students had already established digital identities _ _ by the time they entered college…
3）However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food labels at the supermarket.

Ø 解题思路二：动词的确定
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例：
1) In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.
2）Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children
3）Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness
4) The first step in defeating this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be minimized.
5) This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are concentrating on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning.

Ø 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定
非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。
有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：
1）Recognize your feelings, but don’t focus on them all the time, because acknowledging and challenging your pain is difficult, but recognizing it is the first step toward dealing with it.
2）The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s promising to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool?
3）… But sometimes, that monitoring system can backfire, distracting us from the task at hand and causing us to make another error.
4）He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply divided__ by his campaign against Clinton.
5）They tried to protect the wagon trains from Indian attacks. 
6）.... even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced.

Ø 解题思路四：形容词的确定
形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：
1) This is a city that knows how to be both ancient and modern.
2）The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so efficient at providing leaders with feedback from the public.　

Ø 解题思路五：副词的确定
副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；
1）These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.
2）In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is regularly voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world.
3）In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and consequently severe lack of food.

Ø 解题思路六：熟词生义
You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷）
A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate
G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural

Ø 解题思路七：一词多性
These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.
A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting
F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting

Ø 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
（2016高考）
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze

More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design.
For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.
（2017黄埔一模高考）
A. administered
B. assess
C. evaluating
D. externally
E. improperly
F. life-threatening
G. measures
H. original
I. preexisting
J. principles
K. vital


Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and _________ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether _________ conditions exist.
Ø 解题思路九：固定搭配
在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：
1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016高考）
2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) (2014高考)
3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考）

Ø 解题步骤：
1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。
2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。
3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。

_____
重点小练








A. environment B. necessarily　 C. allowed　 D. cheated　 E. international
F. admitted G. hardly　 H. necessary　 I. joy　 J. communication　 K. difficulty
A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?” Obviously he has ___1____in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is taught. The emphasis on memorization is such that no ___2____is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real-world ___3____. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was ___4____ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out that he could___5____ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he___6____in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realize that the student had mastered the techniques for dealing with the tests, not___7____the skills of using the language.
　　Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work in areas where English is a(n)____8____tool,but because they have to do it for job promotion or enrolment in certain programs.
　　Must English learning be such a pain in the neck?
　 Create a(n)___9____ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___10___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello”.
第一步：词性分类
A. environment n. B. necessarily adv. C. allowed v./adj. D. cheated v./adj.
E. international adj. F. admitted v./adj. G. hardly adv. H. necessary adj.
I. joy n. J. communication n. K. difficulty n.

在进行这一步时要注意两个问题：
1. 在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。
2. 以-ing或-ed结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中就是动词，而在“sleeping beauty”中就是形容词，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。

第二步：抓住中心，略读文章
首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。建议使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。

第三步：确定空格词性，填词入空
首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。
　　
以示例中第一个空为例，空前面的词是has，这时出现两种情况：
1. has是及物动词后面可以加宾语，需要填入一个名词。
2. has是现在完成时的助动词，后面需要使用过去分词。
也就是说名词性的environment, joy, excitement, difficulty和过去分词形式的allowed, admitted, cheated都有可能。但是空后面的是一个介词in而allowed, admitted都是及物动词后面加宾语时不需要介词，所以空中只能从environment, joy, excitement, difficulty四个名词和cheated中选取。根据上下文意思，此空应为“困难”，而且符合句型have difficulty in doing，故选difficulty。然后请在difficulty的K处用笔作个记号，表示已用过了。

确认空格处词性的规律：
1.确定空格为名词
(1) 如果空格前面为冠词a /an/the、形容词adj.或者及物动词vt.，空格处应填入名词。示例第三空communication(交流)
(2) 如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。示例第二空joy
(3) 如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)。示例第九空environment
2.确定空格为动词
(1) 如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词。
(2) 如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去
分词。示例第四空admitted
(3) 如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语，且中间无谓语
动词，空格处应填不及物动词。示例第六空cheated
(4) 如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词。
(5) 如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。
3.确定空格为形容词
(1) 如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词。示例第八空necessary
(2) 如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词。
(3) 如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。示例第十空international
4.确定空格为副词
(1) 如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。示例第五空hardly
(2) 如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。
　　
第四步：跳读检查
只读有空格的句子，检查句意是否通顺。之后，再通读全文，进行再次检查。
A.accounted B.commonly C.defined D.determine E.elimination F.emergency
G. infectious H. potential I. previously J.suspected K. symptoms

Measles (麻疹) breaks out in the Northwest
The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接种疫苗) rates in some communities.
An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health ___31___ on Friday. They also urged residents to track ___32___ symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.
State officials announced the ___33___ of measles from the U.S. in 2000, thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well as dropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, ___34___ as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey ___35___ for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more ___36___. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.
Measles is highly ___37___; the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early ___38___ include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people ___39___ associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.
In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who haven’t been vaccinated to ___40___ whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.
_____
好题必测





（2016上海高考）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.
From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.

（2017上海春考）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious
F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative

Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems
Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about "adgimptw"? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all.
When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless.
While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.
“Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”
But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on.
Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.
It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n)____40_____ , and so do password cracker.”

（2018上海春考）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally
G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept

Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength.

（2019上海春考）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.


Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
_____
Section A：说明文阅读
高考题型组合练




Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete（分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .
A. turn to friends for help
B. solve a conflict calmly
C. find an escape from reality
D. seek comfort from children
73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
74. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. How men and women get over stress
B. How men and women suffer from stress
C. How researchers overcome stress problems
D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders
Section B：六选四阅读


Directions : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A．Over the course of five decades their guidelines have become widely accepted worldwide.
B．The awareness of animal protection contributes to the decline of the number.
C．Human volunteers must be able to replace monkeys more and more in the next 10 to 20 years.
D．New experimental techniques help to push numbers down.
E.Its supporters point to the long list of medical advances made possible with the help of animal research.
F.The number of the animals used in research is still considerable.
Will Experimentation on Animals End?
One of the most debatable issues in science is the use of animals in research. Scientists experiment on animals for different reasons, including basic research to explore how organisms function, investigating potential treatments for human disease, and safety and quality control testing of drugs, devices and other products.
67．However, opponents believe it is cruel and meaningless, as observations in animals often do not translate directly to humans.
In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch proposed their “3Rs” guidelines for making the use of animals in scientific research more humane: restrict the use of animals; refine experiments to minimize distress; and replace tests with alternative techniques. 68． Around 29 million animals per year are currently used in experiments in the U.S. and Europeans Union countries. This is less than half the total in the mid-1970s —— a significant drop.
69．Improvements in imaging methods that offer a look inside the bodies of animals allow scientists to get more and better data from each experiment than before.
For example, researchers previously had to do experiments with multiple mice at different stages of cancer development, but now they can watch the disease develop in a single living animal using a dye. Similarly, as brain-imaging techniques become more advanced, some questions that were addressed with experiments in monkeys before may be better answered by looking into the human brain now. “70．” says Larry Carbone, a senior veterinarian(兽医) at the University of California in San Francisco.

Section C：Translation




1. 18岁意味着你要对自己的言行负责了。(mean)

2. 她显出一副高兴的样子，好像什么事也没发生过。(mood)

3. 运动能增强我的体质，也能让我释放学习压力。(Not only)

4. 我们应该养成看报的习惯，因为读报有助于我们及时了解发生在国内外的各种事件。(inform)

5. 如果我们把英语学习看成是了解文化的一种方式，而不是一门考试学科，我们也许就会体会到其中的学习乐趣。(regard)