【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第18讲《完形填空记叙文（新高考15空）》讲义（全国通用）

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第18讲 完形填空记叙文（新高考15空）（讲）【考纲考情】新高考完形填空以记叙文为主，以夹叙夹议、说明文为辅。主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。考点多以实词为主，其中包括动词，名词以及形容词。考察重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。文章选材还会继续依据普通高中英语课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，进一步深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。【考点梳理】解题步骤：第一步 通览全文明大意做完形填空题时，应根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，快速通读全文，抓住主线，理清脉络，把握全篇，第二步 先易后难逐级填 句内层次题-边读边填 根据第一遍浏览时的印象，分清设空属于哪种设题类型，在碰到句内层次题时，可以边读边结合已经掌握的信息做出选择，如有必要，可再回读相关句子句组层次题-前后看看 碰到句组层次翻时，先放下该空，采用跳读的方法，继续阅读与其相邻的几个句子，查找相关信息点，然后细读，准确理解句意，选择符合语境的答案。 语篇层次题-最后决断对于语篇层次题，需要综合全篇信息作答，所以，语篇层次题考查的是综合逻辑分析能力。在做这类题目时，不要急于作答，一定要等到信息足够明了，放到最后再作判断。第三步 复核验证读全篇填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。解题口诀：句内层次最简单，根据已知便能填。句组层次也不难，放下该空前后看。语篇层次确实难，解题信息找不全。此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇组思量。句内句组不能解，暂时跳过放一放。等到信息足够全，综合思维把它判。解题技巧一、利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。原词复现【例】（2020·全国卷I）One day they’ll 47. wake up and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49. parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50. consequences. I have a very strong 51. fear that the lie we're telling is doing 52. spiritual damage to our children.48.A.dream  B. lie  C.fantasy  D. fact 【答案】B　【解析】本起可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 51. fear that the lie... ”并结合语境可知正确选项。同义复现【例】（2021·3月天津卷） For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his17. emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18. instead.16.A.amazed B.mad  C.curious D.frightened 【答案】B　【解析】本题可以利用同义复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustration”可知此处和“anger”“frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。反义复现【例】（2021·新高考I卷）Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was_50_ than it sounds.51. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high- pressure than I'd 52. expected.50.A.harder B.better  C.longer D.cheaper 【答案】A　【解析】本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48. roles in the factory were simple",根据下文中的“the cakes pile up""a little more high-pressure"可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单，harder与 simple构成反义复现。代词复现【例】（2016·全国卷I）Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58. free to go. They let him and the otherman go.57.A.woman B.police  C.man D. driver 【答案】B　【解析】本题可以利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知,拉里问是否还需要他，问的对象肯定是这些急救人员。下文中的代词“they”是复数，四个选项中只有police是集合名词,表示复数,也符合常识。二、  利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。【例】（2021·浙江卷1月） My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention 【答案】A　【解析】本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(work)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”，作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故用 satisfaction“满足,满足感”。三、  利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法【例】（2021·天津卷3月）In addition to 31.practical skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 ,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.32.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile 【答案】D　【解析】本题考查连接词，可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据语境可知，此处表示与此同时，孩子们也获得了成就感otherwise“否则,不然”;however“但是”;somehow“以某种方式”;meanwhile“与此同时”。四、  利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。【例】 （2021·全国卷甲）Burchill was 41.staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42. visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east. So he 44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.44.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D. lost 【答案】A　【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文"They had asked him to 43. bring some pepperoni(辣香肠)from back east“,可推知Burchill 应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选A符合上下文语境。【题型剖析】A（2022·全国·高考真题）Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___1___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___2___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___3___ .They’re part of a new form of the ___4___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___5___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___6___ .It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___7___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___8___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___9___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____10____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says. The couple has a high ____11____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____12____ . For Jessica, that means ____13____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____14____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____15____ ,” she says.1．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time2．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure3．A．safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable4．A．local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural5．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’6．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence7．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete8．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．please9．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention10．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying11．A．success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment12．A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding13．A．admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing14．A．clean B．open C．simple D．empty15．A．guess B．decision C．response D．impression【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。1．D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。2．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。3．D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。4．C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。5．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。6．D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。7．A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。8．D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。9．B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。10．B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。11．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。12．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。13．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。14．A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。15．B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。B（2021·全国·高考真题）Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to ____16____ different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor". The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____17____ However,he is more devoted to his “____18____ "than any real actor. In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____19____，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and ____20____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____21____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the ____22____ of the beggars. “I often ____23____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____24____,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then ____25____ myself to use the toilet, ____26____ what the beggars said, and send the ____27____ to my teammates.” Wang，who is often in ____28____ situations， is also a judo （柔道） master.   “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can ____29____ from me," he said. Wang's ____30____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.16．A．teach B．compare C．assess D．speak17．A．lawyer B．doctor C．policeman D．businessman18．A．role B．study C．family D．audience19．A．minor B．case C．future D．question20．A．interviewed B．joined C．arrested D．assisted21．A．challenge B．experience C．appearance D．freedom22．A．vote B．sympathy C．permission D．trust23．A．invited B．forced C．helped D．expected24．A．drunk B．deserted C．bored D．lost25．A．guide B．persuade C．excuse D．allow26．A．refer to B．note down C．ask about D．miss out27．A．plan B．agreement C．direction D．information28．A．awkward B．dangerous C．unfortunate D．strange29．A．separate B．recover C．escape D．hear30．A．courage B．honesty C．kindness D．optimism【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里，多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，不顾危险混入犯罪团伙，成功破案的故事。16．D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的38年里，王先生多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授；B.compare 比较；C.assess评估； D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知，能扮成别人，还会讲不同的方言。故填D。17．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位60岁的老人不是演员，而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师；B.doctor医生； C.policeman 警察；D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the 　　　19　　　，Wang disguised（伪装）himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知，王先生是一名警察。故填C。18．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色；B.study学习； C.family 家庭；D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知，王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。19．B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人，辅修；B.case 情况,案件；C.future 未来；D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知，这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。20．B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访； B.joined 加入；C.arrested 逮捕；D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知，他混入乞丐中。故填B。21．C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战；B.experience 经历；C.appearance出现，外表； D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知，这是描述外表。故填C。22．D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票；B.sympathy 同情；C.permission 批准；D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知，他的方言讲得好，赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。23．A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请；B.forced 强迫；C.helped 帮助；D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，为了套话，王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。24．A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的； B.deserted抛弃的； C.bored 无聊的；D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，话多是在喝醉后。故填A。25．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导；B.persuade劝说； C.excuse 找借口；D.allow允许 。根据“and send the 　　27　　　　　　 to my teammates.”可知，为了发送出信息，王借口去厕所。故填C。26．B【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是；B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问；D.miss out 错过，遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。27．D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划；B.agreement 同意；C.direction 指导；D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，这是重要信息。故填D。28．B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的；B.dangerous危险的； C.unfortunate 不幸的；D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can 　　　　　　　　 from me,"”可知，经常处于犯罪分子中，这是很危险的情况。故填B。29．C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我离得够近，任何罪犯都逃不掉，”他说。A.separate 分离；B.recover恢复； C.escape 逃避；D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo （柔道） master. ”可知，身为柔道大师，他不放过罪犯。故填C。30．A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉，包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气；B.honesty 诚实；C.kindness 善良；D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised（伪装）himself”可知，王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙，勇气可嘉。故填A。