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河南省郑州市第四高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份河南省郑州市第四高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题含解析，共25页。
郑州四中2023届高三年级第二次调考 英语
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Make It Modular: Student Design Challenge!
Imagine your community as a material bank, rich with resources to reuse. How could you improve the built environment by upcycling waste, circulating(循环) existing materials, or regenerating nature? Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.
“Designing for deconstruction” involves a modular approach in which building elements could be easily reconfigured, reimagined, and repurposed over time.
Your design should:
•Include an approximately 20’ long x 8’ wide x 9.6’ high volumetric module
•Be relevant to one of the following uses:
*Affordable Housing
*Covid-era Public Space
*Reimagined Outdoor Classroom
•Approach the task with a real-world perspective, demonstrating skills and knowledge from one or more of the following fields: architecture, engineering, construction, and/or the skilled trades
Requirements:
1. Open to students ages 13-21 and currently enrolled(入学)in high school or homeschooled.
2. All entries MUST share the entrant’s grade level in the introductory step.
3. Submissions must be entered between March 7, 2022, and June 20, 2022.
If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.
The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.
Entries will be judged based on the following criteria:
*3D Digital Literacy(能力)and Design;
*Engineering Mindset;
*Real-world Relevance;
*Presentation.
Read the full contest rules for more details.
1. According to the passage, the designs can ______.
A. be used now and repurposed later B. be placed in a material bank
C. be submitted on August 20, 2022 D. be related to art and literature
2. If a student has never posted an Instructable before, what should he or she do?
A. Contact the organizers. B. Quit the design contest.
C. Refer to an online guide. D. Read the full contest rules.
3. What can winners do with the prizes?
A. To enroll in a high school. B. To pay for tuition and books.
C. To polish his presentation. D. To improve the built environment.
Imagine that you take a walk around your yard or nearby park and immediately, the sounds of an insect band surround you. Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper(角蝉), this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations(共鸣；振动)that flow across the surface of plants. But it is not at all like the familiar vocalizations of crickets(蟋蟀); instead, it’s something richer, more varied. Some sounds are song-like, others are similar to the noises of machines or musical instruments. The noise made from even a single plant may be “as noisy as a busy street”.
In An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us, Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that, on a real walk instead of this one we’ve imagined, humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment. In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer(振动计), a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears, Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory. He is shocked by the attractive sounds.
In this book that follows on from 2018’s I Contain Multitudes, Yong writes in a perfect balance of scientific severity and personal awe as he invites readers to grasp something of how other animals experience the world. Communicating through surface vibrations is a rather cool example that extends beyond treehoppers to elephants and spiders, and to this fact about frogs. Attuned to vibrations entering the eggs, frog hatches quickly if a snake shows up with a hard bite, but ignore rain, wind, footsteps and even an earthquake.
My admiration for the book is, well, immense. Like many thousands of other people, I have relied throughout the course of COVID-19 on Yong’s reporting at The Atlantic as he cracked open the fast-changing world of pandemic science. Now, with An Immense World, Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours, and how we may protect them.
4. How does the soundscape come about according to paragraph 1?
A. It comes from humans’ muscles.
B. It arises from the vocalizations of crickets.
C. It comes from an imaginable world.
D. It arises from vibrations flowing across the surface of plants.
5. Why can Yong hear the treehopper’s music?
A. Because of a laser device.
B. Because of the surface of plants.
C. Because of the nature of the insects.
D. Because of the special imaginable environment.
6. What can we learn about An Immense World?
A. It appeals to all kinds of peoples.
B. It is aimed at protecting the animals.
C. It is scheduled to be published next year.
D. It describes a virtual world full of animals.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A historical novel.
C. A book review. D. A personal biography.
Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached to a quadcopter drone(四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle. When equipped with the device, the drone is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching(栖息) on various surfaces, according to a Stanford news release dated Dec. 1, 2021, describing the work.
But copying the flexibility of birds wasn’t easy to do. The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff.
“What surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise, no matter what surfaces they were landing on,” one of the researchers, William Roderick, explained in the news release. “They let the feet handle the variability and complexity of the surface texture itself,” he said.
Giving a drone similar abilities required technological feat. SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates an eagle’s lightweight bones, and each of its legs is equipped with a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping.
Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. As a result, a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds. Once the robot’s feet are wrapped around a perch, its ankles lock and an accelerometer — a device that measures vibration-detects the landing and activates a balancing algorithm(算法) to stabilize it on the perch.
Elsewhere, researchers at other institutions also have been working for years on giving drones the ability to land and hang onto something. As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains, being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air. That’s important, because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.
8. What inspired the SNAG’s development?
A. The way parrots perch. B. The military exercise.
C. The 3D-printed technology. D. The eagle’s lightweight bones.
9. What makes the drones’ grabbing something strongly so quickly possible?
A. The powerful battery.
B. Their ability to imitate parrots’ taking off.
C. The application of advanced flying techniques.
D. The mechanical devices modeling a bird’s muscles.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Flight time is not vital to the drones.
B. After 2019, researchers quit efforts to improve flight time.
C. Flight time has been a problem before this study.
D. Researching the ability to land and hang onto something is meaningless.
11. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Drones, an application to the military
B. Robotic drones, really like birds
C. Robotic drones, a comparison of birds
D. Quadcopter drones, advanced technology
“Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
12. The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”
A. manly qualities B. potential abilities
C. self-centredness D. steady strength
13. What is the argument against the demand of China’s Ministry of Education?
A. It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths.
B. Physical education should be paid more attention to.
C. We should teach students according to their individual qualities.
D. Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility.
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Masculinity is out of date.
B. Masculinity is overstated.
C. Masculinity shows physical strength.
D. Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness.
15. What does the author want to say in the article?
A. We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health.
B. Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them.
C. It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values.
D. It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity.
第二部分 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world is full of distractions. Unfortunately, the world also requires us to work. Coping with the first while still doing enough of the second is … sorry, where am I?
Ah, yes, the world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites(尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. ___16___
So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? ____17____ And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away — they attract our attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.
___18___ If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity. ____19____ Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.
___20___ In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. Or if that doesn’t work, just go play with your phone.
A. Not all distractions are bad, however.
B. Switching between tasks can also help.
C. Creativity can benefit from distraction too.
D. Switching off email or messaging services helps.
E. But you are not good at dealing with distractions.
F. If you have trouble concentrating, I suggest you try the following ideas.
G. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.
第三部分 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I ____21____ my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four ____22____ each morning.
And that was the problem: I was acting ____23____ I were ____24____ in the office. My body was on vacation but my head wasn’t.
So this year I made up my mind to try something ____25____: getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at ____26____. But I was determined. I started by handing the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was ____27____ than in the past, meaning that I couldn’t cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan. Largely ____28____ from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had little way to connect to the world ____29____ radio — and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had no _____30_____ but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
This experience has had a _____31_____ ending — for now, at least. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle _____32_____ the Internet. I _____33_____ realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.
I knew I had _____34_____ when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the WiFi. “Don’t need it,” I said. _____35_____, as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins: Can I _____36_____ when I’m back at work? And I don’t plan to _____37_____ my convenience _____38_____. But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes, _____39_____ often leads to following my Twitter feed.
I think a vacation is supposed to help you rest your _____40_____ to become more productive(有效的). Here I hope this one worked.
21. A. received B. checked C. wrote D. recognized
22. A. newspapers B. magazines C. journals D. letters
23. A. so that B. ever since C. even though D. as if
24. A. even B. still C. once D. more
25. A. upset B. different C. crazy D. calm
26. A. self-control B. self-confidence C. self-respect D. self-improvement
27. A. better B. stronger C. worse D. less
28. A. set off B. turn off C. cut off D. put off
29. A. more than B. except for C. instead of D. rather than
30. A. idea B. way C. means D. choice
31. A. meaningless B. hopeful C. happy D. peaceful
32. A. against B. for C. to D. in
33. A. entirely B. frequently C. finally D. gradually
34. A. won B. lost C. suffered D. recovered
35. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway
36. A. stop B. escape C. continue D. change
37. A. give in B. give up C. give off D. give away
38. A. exactly B. completely C. eventually D. generally
39. A. that B. when C. which D. who
40. A. body B. heart C. brain D. thought
第四部分 语法填空
Every person in this world has their own unique experiences and challenges — and just because they aren’t universal, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there. That’s where the Human Library project comes in. It gives us a chance ____41____(explore) the stories that we might never know about otherwise. It gives us ____42____ unique opportunity to look at the world through the eyes of others.
It is done without ____43____(judge), and it leads to understanding. The Human Library started ____44____ the concept of living books. Each person became an open “book” and shared their own experiences in life. They would talk about ____45____ life was like in their shoes.
The project began with fifty different human books which were highlighted in an event that ____46____(last) for four days, ____47____(go) for eight hours each day, as the human books answered questions and held discussions. Now, the Human Library has become something that reaches so much ____48____(far) and has had an impact on so many minds.
The Human Library gives people a chance to ask questions. It offers a rare option to learn from the perspective of those who ____49____(affect) by a situation. It’s no longer about always having an outside perspective. It’s about having a chance to go to the source and ______50______(simple) ask.
Would you be willing to become a human book and share your own story?
第五部分 短文改错
There are many things what we can do to become better learners. We all have two voices. Our inner voice tells us personally opinions while our outer voice deals with things we had heard. If we listen our inner voice too much, and it can prevent us from learning. Unless your inner voice is difficult to control, you can argue with it. One of the best ways to promote active learning is to ask questions, which help gain more knowledge about the topic.
In the word, we should never stop being curious. Active learners also try to question the world around them and understand the truth within every ideas. Finally, as active learners, we should never form opinions about people basing on first impressions.
第六部分 书面表达（满分25分）
现在，很多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭。请你就这一现象结合下面的提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。内容包括：
1. 陈述现象；
2. 说明出现此现象的原因；
3. 你个人的看法。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 行文连贯，语篇完整。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆 take-out restaurant
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阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要告知学生一个模块设计比赛，包括对设计和参赛者的要求，奖金如何利用以及评判方式。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.（你面临的挑战是设计一个既能满足社区需求，又能在以后重新调整用途的结构）”可知，设计要能够满足现在使用和以后重新利用。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三部分“If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.（如果你以前从未发布过可指导的指南，请参阅 How to Write an Instructable的指南以了解更多信息）”可知，如果一个学生从来没有发布过可指导的指南，那么他/她应该参阅一个在线指南。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二部分“The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.（奖金用于资助获奖者的教育，如学费、书费、食宿费、交通费等）”可知，获奖者可以把奖金用于支付学费、书本费和交通食宿费。故选B。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章是一篇书评，介绍并评价了普利策奖得主、科学记者Ed Yong的书籍An Immense World。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper(角蝉), this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations(共鸣；振动) that flow across the surface of plants.（这种想象中的音景是由一种名为角蝉的昆虫的肌肉运动产生的，它来自于流经植物表面的振动。）”可知，这种音景产生于流经植物表面的振动。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment. In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer(振动计), a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears, Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory.（如果没有特殊的设备，人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐。在拥有激光测振仪的科学家的陪伴下，Yong在野外和实验室里都能听到它们的声音，激光测振仪是一种能将角蝉的振动转变为人耳可闻的声音的设备。）”可知，Yong能够听到角蝉的音乐是因为使用了一种激光振动仪。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Now, with An Immense World, Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours, and how we may protect them.（现在，在《无边无际的世界》一书中，Yong将许多其他与我们共存的动物感官世界，以及我们如何保护它们，带入了一个美丽的焦点。）”可知，《无边无际的世界》这本书旨在保护动物。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us, Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that, on a real walk instead of this one we’ve imagined, humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment.（在《无边无际的世界：动物的感官如何揭示我们周围隐藏的领域》 一书中，普利策奖得主、科学记者Ed Yong解释说，如果不是我们想象的这次散步，而是真正的散步，如果没有特殊的设备，人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐。）”以及全文对这本书的内容的介绍和评价可知，本文是一篇书评。故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为“自然灵感空中抓取器”的设备。配备该设备后，无人机能够四处飞行，捕捉和携带物体，并在各种表面栖息。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话“The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff.（研究人员拍摄了小鹦鹉在特殊群体之间来回飞行的视频，这些群体包含传感器，用于测量着陆、栖息和起飞的物理力。）”可知，据研究人员是受到了鹦鹉的启发。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段的第一、二句话“Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. As a result, a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds.（机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量，并被动地将其转化为抓取力，就像鸟类的肌肉那样。因此，配备该设备的无人机可以在20毫秒内强有力地抓住东西）”可知，配备该设备的无人机能快速强有力的抓住物体，是因为机器人腿上的机械装置被设计得像鸟类的肌肉那样。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。通读最后一段的最后两句“As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains, being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air. That’s important, because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.（正如2019年史密森尼学会的一篇文章所解释的那样，能够在不同的地方降落有助于节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量。这一点很重要，因为机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制。）”可知，而这项发明帮助机器人飞机节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量，从而解决此前机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制的问题。故选C项。
4. 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段中“Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached to a quadcopter drone(四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle.（斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为“自然灵感空中抓取器”的设备，它可以被连接到四轴飞行器无人机上，使其拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿）”第四段中“SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates an eagle’s lightweight bones（自然灵感空中抓取器有一个三维打印结构，模仿老鹰轻量级的骨头）”和第五段“Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. （机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量，并被动地将其转化为抓取力，就像鸟类的肌肉那样。）”可知，机器人飞机灵感来自于鸟，拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿，并且模仿了鸟类的肌肉，故机器人飞机真的很像鸟。故选B项。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。一位中国政协常委在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的男子气概。文章论述了人们对此回应的各种看法。
1. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.（在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的masculinity）”可推知，学校聘请更多的体育老师是为了预防男性青年女性化，培养学生的男子汉气概，故划线词masculinity指的是“男子气概；阳刚之气”。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.”（这一回应在网上引起了广泛的讨论，许多人说这强化了性别刻板印象。中央电视台在其微博上写道：“教育不仅仅是培养男性和女性。更重要的是培养承担责任的意愿。”）”可知，反对中国教育部要求的理由是应该重视培养学生的责任感。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.（但男孩也是人。盲目地要求他们“像男人一样”控制自己的感情只会增加他们长大后的压力）”和最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.（学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象。）”可推断，目前男子气概被夸大了。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.（学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象）”以及上文内容可推知，作者在文章中想要讲述的是让学生具备必要的技能和正确的价值观是很重要的。故选C。
七选五
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。
1. 根据上文“If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus.（如果你在办公室工作，可能会通过电子邮件、电话或同事提出问题。如果你在家，可能是冰箱里的东西或沙发下突然粘上了尘螨。有时甚至只需更少的事物就能转移你的注意力。如果你正坐着工作，旁边有人说了一些特别有趣的话，这会吸引你的注意力。）”由此可知，本句承接上文说明，世界上充满了让人分心的事情，如果你一不小心被这些东西转移了注意力，那么你的一天就会一事无成。故G选项“如果你一不小心，你这一天就会一事无成”符合上下文语境，故选G。
2. 根据后文“And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away — they attract our attention even if they are off.（把你的智能手机和其他不相关的屏幕放在一边 —— 即使它们处于关闭状态，它们也会吸引我们的注意力。）”由此可知，此处是在说明关闭有网络通讯的电子产品或将这些产品放在一边，能够有助于在走神的时候保持专注。故D选项“关闭电子邮件或信息服务会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选D。
3.根据后文“If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity.（如果你在做一些重复性的事情，比如装信封或砌砖，那么听音乐、听播客或和同事聊天会让你分心，这最终会提高工作效率。）”由此可知，此处是在说明并不是所有的分心都是不好的，有些分心会提高工作效率。故A选项“然而，并不是所有的分心都是不好的”符合上下文语境，故选A。
4.根据后文“Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jihae Shin发现，当人们在想出新商业点子前玩《扫雷》五分钟时，他们比不玩的人更有创造力。）”由此可知，分散注意力对创造力也有好处。后文中creative“创造性的”可对应到C选项中Creativity“创造力”。故C选项“分散注意力对创造力也有好处”符合上下文语境，故选C。
5.根据后文“But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.）”可知但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。由此可知，本段是在建议在不同的任务之间切换，可以有助于保持专注。故B选项“在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选B。
完形填空
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在假期进行的一场远离网络的战争。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有去欣赏自然，而是查看我的电子邮件。A. received收到；B. checked查看；C. wrote写；D. recognized辨认出。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.”可知，平板电脑毁了作者的暑假，是因为他在平板电脑上查看邮件，因此作者没有去欣赏大自然而是去查看电子邮件。故选B项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天早上都读四份报纸，而不是读好看的小说。A. newspapers报纸；B. magazines杂志；C. journals期刊；D. letters信件。根据后文的“my favorite newspaper websites”可知，作者每天要看新闻，因此作者早上都要读报纸。故选A项。
3.考查连词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. so that以便；B. ever since自从；C. even though虽然；D. as if好像。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience:the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four each morning.”可知，暑假里，每天作者都在平板电脑上看新闻，这让作者表现得不是在放假，而好像是在上班。故选D项。
4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. even甚至；B. still还；C. once曾经；D. more更多。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four each morning.”可知，暑假里本该是度假休息，而作者每天都在平板电脑上看新闻，查看邮件，跟在上班没区别，因此可知作者好像就在办公室上班一样。故选B项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以今年我决定尝试一些不同的事情：远离网络。A. upset难过的；B. different不同的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. calm冷静的。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.”以及后文“getting away from the Internet”可知，之前作者让平板电脑毁了他的暑假，所以今年作者远离网络，作者决定做出改变，不再跟之前一样了，所以作者是要尝试做不一样的事。故选B项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不容易，因为我自控能力差。A. self-control自控力；B. self-confidence自信；C. self-respect自尊；D. self-improvement自我提高。根据前文“I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at”可知，作者知道不容易，那是因为他自己控制不了不去接触网络，因此可知作者觉得自己自控能力差。故选A项。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，运气来了：我们小屋的手机信号比过去差了，意味着我不能作弊了。A. better更好的；B. stronger更强的；C. worse更糟的；D. less更少的。根据前文“Then, a stroke of luck”以及后文“meaning that I couldn’t cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan.”可知，作者本身自控力差，而现在被迫实施计划，因此可知，作者小屋里的手机信号应该比较差，所以作者才做不了弊，而这也是作者觉得幸运的事，对想远离网络的作者来说，屋里的手机信号比原来更不好是个好消息。故选C项。
8.考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机，我几乎没有办法与世界联系 —— 一个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. set off出发；B. turn off关掉；C. cut off切断；D. put off推迟。根据前文“Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was than in the past, meaning that I couldn’t cheat.”以及后文“I had little way to connect to the world”可知，手机信号不好，作者没有任何方式跟这个世界产生联系，因此可知这切断了作者与电子邮件和新闻网站的联系。故选C项。
9.考查介词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机，我几乎没有办法与世界联系—— 一个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. more than非常，不仅；B. except for除……之外；C. instead of而不是；D. rather than而不是。根据后文“how much radio can one listen to, really?”可知，作者还可以通过收音机来了解一些消息，但作者提出疑问，会有人频繁使用收音机吗？因此可知，作者没法与外界联系除了收音机。故选B项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能做我一直计划做的事：读书。A. idea主意；B. way方法；C. means方法，手段；D. choice选择。根据后文“but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.”可知，作者选择通过读书来度过时间，因此可知在断开一切联系后，作者没有办法，只能选择读书了。have no choice but to do 表示“除……之外别无选择”。故选D项。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，结局是令人满意的。A. meaningless无意义的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. happy愉快的；D. peaceful和平的。根据后文“With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle the Internet.”可知，作者在决心和他妻子的支持下，终于在断网的行动上取得成功，因此可知结局是让人满意的。故选C项。
12.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在自己的决心和妻子的坚定支持下，我成功地在假期中与网络作斗争。A. against反对；B. for赞同；C. to到，对于；D. in在……里。根据前文“getting away from the Internet”以及“I succeeded in my vacation struggle”可知，作者要远离网络，自然和网络作斗争，并最终成功。struggle against 表示“和……斗争”。故选A项。
13.考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后意识到问题出在我身上，当然不是平板电脑。A. entirely完全地；B. frequently频繁地；C. finally最终地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.”可知，作者意识到是他个人本身的问题，是他离不开网络，是他自己毁了自己的假期，而并非是平板电脑。因此在这次网络斗争成功后，作者最终意识到这一问题所在。故选C项。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们路过一家星巴克时，妻子问我是否想进去使用Wi-Fi，我说“不需要，”，那一刻我知道我赢了。A. won获胜；B. lost失败；C. suffered遭受；D. recovered恢复。根据后文“when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the WiFi. “Don’t need it,” I said”可知，作者抵住了Wi-Fi的诱惑，没有进去使用，这说明作者赢得了与网络的这场战争。故选A项。
15.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续远离网络吗？A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Anyway不管怎样。根据后文“as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins”可知，重新回到工作时，作者会再次接触网络，这时的考验就出现了，作者能不能保持远离网络，根据句意可知前后是转折关系，应用However。故选B项。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续远离网络吗？A. stop停止；B. escape逃离；C. continue继续；D. change改变。根据前文“as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins”可知，回到工作中要面临一个考验，而既然是个考验，那这个考验就是作者是否还能继续远离网络。故选C项。
17.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. give in投降；B. give up放弃；C. give off发出；D. give away赠送。根据前文“I don’t plan to”以及后文“But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”可知，作者希望以后不要像之前一样每五分钟查看邮件，作者只是希望这个频率能减少，这说明作者不打算完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. exactly准确地；B. completely完全地；C. eventually最后；D. generally普遍地。根据后文“But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”可知，我希望能抵抗每五分钟查看邮件的诱惑，因此这说明作者只是想减少这种频率，不要使用的太频繁，但不是完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项。
19.考查定语从句关系词。句意：但我希望能抵制住每五分钟查看一次电子邮件的诱惑，因为这往往会导致我关注Twitter上的内容。根据前文“But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”以及后文“often leads to following my Twitter feed.”可知，作者每5分钟查看邮件，使得他会继续观看他Twitter上的内容，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的内容，从句缺少主语应用which来引导。故选C项。
40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为假期应该有助于让你的大脑得到休息，从而变得更有效率。A. body身体；B. heart心；C. brain大脑；D. thought思想。根据后文“to become more productive”可知，要变得效率更高，就要让大脑得到休息，从而才能更高效地工作。故选C项。
语法填空
【答案】
41. to explore
42. a
43. judgement/judgment
44. with
45. what
46. lasted
47. going
48. further
49. are affected
50. simply
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类图书馆。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：它给了我们一个机会去探索那些我们可能永远不知道的故事。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处要使用非谓语动词，结合句意及前边的名词chance可知，此处要使用不定式作后置定语，故填to explore。
2.考查冠词。句意：它为我们提供了一个独特的机会，通过他人的眼睛来看待世界。结合句意可知opportunity可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词表泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，要用a，故填a。
3.考查名词。句意：它是在没有评判的情况下完成的，它能通向理解。分析句子结构可知，介词without后使用名词作宾语，故填judgement/ judgment。
4.考查介词。句意：人类图书馆以有生命的书籍的概念开始。结合句意可知，此处使用短语start with“以……开始”符合题意，故填with。
5.考查连词。句意：他们会谈论他们的生活是什么样的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语从句的连接词，结合句意可知，此处使用what“什么”符合句意，故填what。
6.考查时态。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出出来的人类书籍开始，人类书籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上文可知，陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，故填lasted。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出出来的人类书籍开始，人类书籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用现在分词作伴随状语，故填going。
8.考查副词比较级。句意：现在，人类图书馆已经发展到了如此深远，并对许多人的思想产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，much后要使用副词比较级作状语，表深远，故填further。
9.考查被动语态。句意：它提供了一个难得的选择，可以从受形势影响的人的角度来学习。结合句意及设空后的by可知，此处需要使用被动语态，结合上文时态可知，此处要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语也就是先行词为those“那些人”为复数，故填are affected。
10.考查副词。句意：这是关于有一个追寻源头并简单提问的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词做状语修饰动词ask，故填simply。
短文改错
【答案】
1.what→which/that或去掉what
2.personally→personal
3.had→have
4.在listen后加to
5.去掉and
6.Unless→If/When
7.help→helps
8.the→a
9.ideas→idea
10.basing→based
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何成为更好的学习者。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：要想成为更好的学习者，我们可以做很多事情。“we can do”是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词things是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可省略，故将what改为which/that或去掉what。
2. 考查形容词。句意：我们内心的声音告诉我们个人的意见，而我们的外部声音处理我们听到的事情。修饰名词opinions应用形容词personal，意为“个人的”，故将personally改为personal。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们内心的声音告诉我们个人的意见，而我们的外部声音处理我们听到的事情。hear这个动作发生在deals这个动作之前，因此hear应用现在完成时，主语we是复数，因此应为“things we have heard”，故将had改为have。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：如果我们太过听从内心的声音，就会阻碍我们学习。listen to sth.是固定短语，意为“听……”，故在listen后加to。
5. 考查连词。句意：如果我们太过听从内心的声音，就会阻碍我们学习。“If we listen our inner voice too much”是if引导的条件状语从句，不需要用and连接从句和主句，故去掉and。
6. 考查状语从句。句意：如果/当你内心的声音难以控制时，你可以和它争论。根据“you can argue with it”可知，句子表示“如果/当你内心的声音难以控制时，你可以和它争论”，“如果”是if引导条件状语从句，“当……时”是when，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故将Unless改为If/When。
7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：促进主动学习的最好方法之一是提问，这有助于获得更多关于主题的知识。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“to ask questions”，不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此which后用第三人称单数helps，故将help改为helps。
8. 考查固定短语。句意：总之，我们永远不应该停止好奇。in a word是固定短语，意为“总之”，故将the改为a。
9. 考查名词。句意：积极的学习者也试图质疑他们周围的世界，理解每一个想法中的真理。every后跟单数名词，故将ideas改为idea。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，作为主动学习者，我们不应该根据第一印象对别人形成看法。be based on是固定短语，意为“根据”，因此用过去分词based表被动，在句中作状语，故将basing改为based。
书面表达
【答案】One possible version：
Nowadays, a growing number of young people would rather order food on the Internet or call a take-out restaurant for meals than cook at home.
It’s not surprising for them to do so. For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious. In their view, it is unnecessary to take time to cook. For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.
In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat. The busier we are, the more attention we should pay to food. Therefore, I prefer to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“现在，越来越多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭”这一现象陈述原因和自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
令人惊讶的：surprising → astonishing
宝贵的：precious → valuable
在我看来：in my view → from my point of view
因此：therefore → consequently
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious.
拓展句：For one thing, as the pace of modern life is becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
郑州四中2023届高三年级第二次调考 英语
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Make It Modular: Student Design Challenge!
Imagine your community as a material bank, rich with resources to reuse. How could you improve the built environment by upcycling waste, circulating(循环) existing materials, or regenerating nature? Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.
“Designing for deconstruction” involves a modular approach in which building elements could be easily reconfigured, reimagined, and repurposed over time.
Your design should:
•Include an approximately 20’ long x 8’ wide x 9.6’ high volumetric module
•Be relevant to one of the following uses:
*Affordable Housing
*Covid-era Public Space
*Reimagined Outdoor Classroom
•Approach the task with a real-world perspective, demonstrating skills and knowledge from one or more of the following fields: architecture, engineering, construction, and/or the skilled trades
Requirements:
1. Open to students ages 13-21 and currently enrolled(入学)in high school or homeschooled.
2. All entries MUST share the entrant’s grade level in the introductory step.
3. Submissions must be entered between March 7, 2022, and June 20, 2022.
If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.
The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.
Entries will be judged based on the following criteria:
*3D Digital Literacy(能力)and Design;
*Engineering Mindset;
*Real-world Relevance;
*Presentation.
Read the full contest rules for more details.
1. According to the passage, the designs can ______.
A. be used now and repurposed later B. be placed in a material bank
C. be submitted on August 20, 2022 D. be related to art and literature
2. If a student has never posted an Instructable before, what should he or she do?
A. Contact the organizers. B. Quit the design contest.
C. Refer to an online guide. D. Read the full contest rules.
3. What can winners do with the prizes?
A. To enroll in a high school. B. To pay for tuition and books.
C. To polish his presentation. D. To improve the built environment.
Imagine that you take a walk around your yard or nearby park and immediately, the sounds of an insect band surround you. Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper(角蝉), this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations(共鸣；振动)that flow across the surface of plants. But it is not at all like the familiar vocalizations of crickets(蟋蟀); instead, it’s something richer, more varied. Some sounds are song-like, others are similar to the noises of machines or musical instruments. The noise made from even a single plant may be “as noisy as a busy street”.
In An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us, Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that, on a real walk instead of this one we’ve imagined, humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment. In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer(振动计), a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears, Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory. He is shocked by the attractive sounds.
In this book that follows on from 2018’s I Contain Multitudes, Yong writes in a perfect balance of scientific severity and personal awe as he invites readers to grasp something of how other animals experience the world. Communicating through surface vibrations is a rather cool example that extends beyond treehoppers to elephants and spiders, and to this fact about frogs. Attuned to vibrations entering the eggs, frog hatches quickly if a snake shows up with a hard bite, but ignore rain, wind, footsteps and even an earthquake.
My admiration for the book is, well, immense. Like many thousands of other people, I have relied throughout the course of COVID-19 on Yong’s reporting at The Atlantic as he cracked open the fast-changing world of pandemic science. Now, with An Immense World, Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours, and how we may protect them.
4. How does the soundscape come about according to paragraph 1?
A. It comes from humans’ muscles.
B. It arises from the vocalizations of crickets.
C. It comes from an imaginable world.
D. It arises from vibrations flowing across the surface of plants.
5. Why can Yong hear the treehopper’s music?
A. Because of a laser device.
B. Because of the surface of plants.
C. Because of the nature of the insects.
D. Because of the special imaginable environment.
6. What can we learn about An Immense World?
A. It appeals to all kinds of peoples.
B. It is aimed at protecting the animals.
C. It is scheduled to be published next year.
D. It describes a virtual world full of animals.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A historical novel.
C. A book review. D. A personal biography.
Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached to a quadcopter drone(四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle. When equipped with the device, the drone is able to fly around catching and carrying objects and perching(栖息) on various surfaces, according to a Stanford news release dated Dec. 1, 2021, describing the work.
But copying the flexibility of birds wasn’t easy to do. The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff.
“What surprised us was that they did the same aerial military exercise, no matter what surfaces they were landing on,” one of the researchers, William Roderick, explained in the news release. “They let the feet handle the variability and complexity of the surface texture itself,” he said.
Giving a drone similar abilities required technological feat. SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates an eagle’s lightweight bones, and each of its legs is equipped with a motor for moving back and forth and a second one for grasping.
Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. As a result, a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds. Once the robot’s feet are wrapped around a perch, its ankles lock and an accelerometer — a device that measures vibration-detects the landing and activates a balancing algorithm(算法) to stabilize it on the perch.
Elsewhere, researchers at other institutions also have been working for years on giving drones the ability to land and hang onto something. As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains, being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air. That’s important, because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.
8. What inspired the SNAG’s development?
A. The way parrots perch. B. The military exercise.
C. The 3D-printed technology. D. The eagle’s lightweight bones.
9. What makes the drones’ grabbing something strongly so quickly possible?
A. The powerful battery.
B. Their ability to imitate parrots’ taking off.
C. The application of advanced flying techniques.
D. The mechanical devices modeling a bird’s muscles.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Flight time is not vital to the drones.
B. After 2019, researchers quit efforts to improve flight time.
C. Flight time has been a problem before this study.
D. Researching the ability to land and hang onto something is meaningless.
11. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Drones, an application to the military
B. Robotic drones, really like birds
C. Robotic drones, a comparison of birds
D. Quadcopter drones, advanced technology
“Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
12. The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”
A. manly qualities B. potential abilities
C. self-centredness D. steady strength
13. What is the argument against the demand of China’s Ministry of Education?
A. It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths.
B. Physical education should be paid more attention to.
C. We should teach students according to their individual qualities.
D. Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility.
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Masculinity is out of date.
B. Masculinity is overstated.
C. Masculinity shows physical strength.
D. Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness.
15. What does the author want to say in the article?
A. We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health.
B. Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them.
C. It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values.
D. It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity.
第二部分 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world is full of distractions. Unfortunately, the world also requires us to work. Coping with the first while still doing enough of the second is … sorry, where am I?
Ah, yes, the world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites(尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. ___16___
So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? ____17____ And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away — they attract our attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.
___18___ If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity. ____19____ Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.
___20___ In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. Or if that doesn’t work, just go play with your phone.
A. Not all distractions are bad, however.
B. Switching between tasks can also help.
C. Creativity can benefit from distraction too.
D. Switching off email or messaging services helps.
E. But you are not good at dealing with distractions.
F. If you have trouble concentrating, I suggest you try the following ideas.
G. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.
第三部分 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I ____21____ my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four ____22____ each morning.
And that was the problem: I was acting ____23____ I were ____24____ in the office. My body was on vacation but my head wasn’t.
So this year I made up my mind to try something ____25____: getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at ____26____. But I was determined. I started by handing the iPad to my wife. Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was ____27____ than in the past, meaning that I couldn’t cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan. Largely ____28____ from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had little way to connect to the world ____29____ radio — and how much radio can one listen to, really? I had no _____30_____ but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
This experience has had a _____31_____ ending — for now, at least. With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle _____32_____ the Internet. I _____33_____ realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.
I knew I had _____34_____ when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the WiFi. “Don’t need it,” I said. _____35_____, as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins: Can I _____36_____ when I’m back at work? And I don’t plan to _____37_____ my convenience _____38_____. But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes, _____39_____ often leads to following my Twitter feed.
I think a vacation is supposed to help you rest your _____40_____ to become more productive(有效的). Here I hope this one worked.
21. A. received B. checked C. wrote D. recognized
22. A. newspapers B. magazines C. journals D. letters
23. A. so that B. ever since C. even though D. as if
24. A. even B. still C. once D. more
25. A. upset B. different C. crazy D. calm
26. A. self-control B. self-confidence C. self-respect D. self-improvement
27. A. better B. stronger C. worse D. less
28. A. set off B. turn off C. cut off D. put off
29. A. more than B. except for C. instead of D. rather than
30. A. idea B. way C. means D. choice
31. A. meaningless B. hopeful C. happy D. peaceful
32. A. against B. for C. to D. in
33. A. entirely B. frequently C. finally D. gradually
34. A. won B. lost C. suffered D. recovered
35. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyway
36. A. stop B. escape C. continue D. change
37. A. give in B. give up C. give off D. give away
38. A. exactly B. completely C. eventually D. generally
39. A. that B. when C. which D. who
40. A. body B. heart C. brain D. thought
第四部分 语法填空
Every person in this world has their own unique experiences and challenges — and just because they aren’t universal, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there. That’s where the Human Library project comes in. It gives us a chance ____41____(explore) the stories that we might never know about otherwise. It gives us ____42____ unique opportunity to look at the world through the eyes of others.
It is done without ____43____(judge), and it leads to understanding. The Human Library started ____44____ the concept of living books. Each person became an open “book” and shared their own experiences in life. They would talk about ____45____ life was like in their shoes.
The project began with fifty different human books which were highlighted in an event that ____46____(last) for four days, ____47____(go) for eight hours each day, as the human books answered questions and held discussions. Now, the Human Library has become something that reaches so much ____48____(far) and has had an impact on so many minds.
The Human Library gives people a chance to ask questions. It offers a rare option to learn from the perspective of those who ____49____(affect) by a situation. It’s no longer about always having an outside perspective. It’s about having a chance to go to the source and ______50______(simple) ask.
Would you be willing to become a human book and share your own story?
第五部分 短文改错
There are many things what we can do to become better learners. We all have two voices. Our inner voice tells us personally opinions while our outer voice deals with things we had heard. If we listen our inner voice too much, and it can prevent us from learning. Unless your inner voice is difficult to control, you can argue with it. One of the best ways to promote active learning is to ask questions, which help gain more knowledge about the topic.
In the word, we should never stop being curious. Active learners also try to question the world around them and understand the truth within every ideas. Finally, as active learners, we should never form opinions about people basing on first impressions.
第六部分 书面表达（满分25分）
现在，很多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭。请你就这一现象结合下面的提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。内容包括：
1. 陈述现象；
2. 说明出现此现象的原因；
3. 你个人的看法。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 行文连贯，语篇完整。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆 take-out restaurant
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要告知学生一个模块设计比赛，包括对设计和参赛者的要求，奖金如何利用以及评判方式。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.（你面临的挑战是设计一个既能满足社区需求，又能在以后重新调整用途的结构）”可知，设计要能够满足现在使用和以后重新利用。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三部分“If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.（如果你以前从未发布过可指导的指南，请参阅 How to Write an Instructable的指南以了解更多信息）”可知，如果一个学生从来没有发布过可指导的指南，那么他/她应该参阅一个在线指南。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二部分“The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.（奖金用于资助获奖者的教育，如学费、书费、食宿费、交通费等）”可知，获奖者可以把奖金用于支付学费、书本费和交通食宿费。故选B。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章是一篇书评，介绍并评价了普利策奖得主、科学记者Ed Yong的书籍An Immense World。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper(角蝉), this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations(共鸣；振动) that flow across the surface of plants.（这种想象中的音景是由一种名为角蝉的昆虫的肌肉运动产生的，它来自于流经植物表面的振动。）”可知，这种音景产生于流经植物表面的振动。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment. In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer(振动计), a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears, Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory.（如果没有特殊的设备，人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐。在拥有激光测振仪的科学家的陪伴下，Yong在野外和实验室里都能听到它们的声音，激光测振仪是一种能将角蝉的振动转变为人耳可闻的声音的设备。）”可知，Yong能够听到角蝉的音乐是因为使用了一种激光振动仪。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Now, with An Immense World, Yong brings into beautiful focus a host of other animal sensory worlds that co-exist with ours, and how we may protect them.（现在，在《无边无际的世界》一书中，Yong将许多其他与我们共存的动物感官世界，以及我们如何保护它们，带入了一个美丽的焦点。）”可知，《无边无际的世界》这本书旨在保护动物。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us, Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that, on a real walk instead of this one we’ve imagined, humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers’ music without special equipment.（在《无边无际的世界：动物的感官如何揭示我们周围隐藏的领域》 一书中，普利策奖得主、科学记者Ed Yong解释说，如果不是我们想象的这次散步，而是真正的散步，如果没有特殊的设备，人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐。）”以及全文对这本书的内容的介绍和评价可知，本文是一篇书评。故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为“自然灵感空中抓取器”的设备。配备该设备后，无人机能够四处飞行，捕捉和携带物体，并在各种表面栖息。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话“The researchers shot videos of small parrots flying back and forth between special perches that contained sensors to measure the physical forces of landing, perching and takeoff.（研究人员拍摄了小鹦鹉在特殊群体之间来回飞行的视频，这些群体包含传感器，用于测量着陆、栖息和起飞的物理力。）”可知，据研究人员是受到了鹦鹉的启发。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段的第一、二句话“Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. As a result, a drone equipped with the device can grasp something strongly in just 20 milliseconds.（机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量，并被动地将其转化为抓取力，就像鸟类的肌肉那样。因此，配备该设备的无人机可以在20毫秒内强有力地抓住东西）”可知，配备该设备的无人机能快速强有力的抓住物体，是因为机器人腿上的机械装置被设计得像鸟类的肌肉那样。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。通读最后一段的最后两句“As this 2019 Smithsonian article explains, being able to land in various places helps drones to conserve energy that would expend by having to remain in the air. That’s important, because the flight time of robotic aircrafts is limited by their battery power.（正如2019年史密森尼学会的一篇文章所解释的那样，能够在不同的地方降落有助于节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量。这一点很重要，因为机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制。）”可知，而这项发明帮助机器人飞机节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量，从而解决此前机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制的问题。故选C项。
4. 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段中“Stanford University researchers have developed a device called a nature-inspired aerial grasper, or SNAG, which can be attached to a quadcopter drone(四轴无人机) to give it feet and legs like those of an eagle.（斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为“自然灵感空中抓取器”的设备，它可以被连接到四轴飞行器无人机上，使其拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿）”第四段中“SNAG has a 3D-printed structure that imitates an eagle’s lightweight bones（自然灵感空中抓取器有一个三维打印结构，模仿老鹰轻量级的骨头）”和第五段“Mechanisms in the robot’s legs are designed to absorb impact energy and passively change it into grasping force, the way that a bird’s muscles would. （机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量，并被动地将其转化为抓取力，就像鸟类的肌肉那样。）”可知，机器人飞机灵感来自于鸟，拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿，并且模仿了鸟类的肌肉，故机器人飞机真的很像鸟。故选B项。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。一位中国政协常委在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的男子气概。文章论述了人们对此回应的各种看法。
1. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.（在他的提案中，他提到了“防止男性青年女性化”的必要性。为了响应他的号召，中国教育部最近要求学校应该聘请更多的体育教师，改进教学方法，培养学生的masculinity）”可推知，学校聘请更多的体育老师是为了预防男性青年女性化，培养学生的男子汉气概，故划线词masculinity指的是“男子气概；阳刚之气”。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.”（这一回应在网上引起了广泛的讨论，许多人说这强化了性别刻板印象。中央电视台在其微博上写道：“教育不仅仅是培养男性和女性。更重要的是培养承担责任的意愿。”）”可知，反对中国教育部要求的理由是应该重视培养学生的责任感。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.（但男孩也是人。盲目地要求他们“像男人一样”控制自己的感情只会增加他们长大后的压力）”和最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.（学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象。）”可推断，目前男子气概被夸大了。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.（学校应该致力于培养学生在生活中取得成功所需的技能和价值观，而不是强化从过去时代借鉴来的男子气概的刻板印象）”以及上文内容可推知，作者在文章中想要讲述的是让学生具备必要的技能和正确的价值观是很重要的。故选C。
七选五
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。
1. 根据上文“If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus.（如果你在办公室工作，可能会通过电子邮件、电话或同事提出问题。如果你在家，可能是冰箱里的东西或沙发下突然粘上了尘螨。有时甚至只需更少的事物就能转移你的注意力。如果你正坐着工作，旁边有人说了一些特别有趣的话，这会吸引你的注意力。）”由此可知，本句承接上文说明，世界上充满了让人分心的事情，如果你一不小心被这些东西转移了注意力，那么你的一天就会一事无成。故G选项“如果你一不小心，你这一天就会一事无成”符合上下文语境，故选G。
2. 根据后文“And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away — they attract our attention even if they are off.（把你的智能手机和其他不相关的屏幕放在一边 —— 即使它们处于关闭状态，它们也会吸引我们的注意力。）”由此可知，此处是在说明关闭有网络通讯的电子产品或将这些产品放在一边，能够有助于在走神的时候保持专注。故D选项“关闭电子邮件或信息服务会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选D。
3.根据后文“If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity.（如果你在做一些重复性的事情，比如装信封或砌砖，那么听音乐、听播客或和同事聊天会让你分心，这最终会提高工作效率。）”由此可知，此处是在说明并不是所有的分心都是不好的，有些分心会提高工作效率。故A选项“然而，并不是所有的分心都是不好的”符合上下文语境，故选A。
4.根据后文“Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jihae Shin发现，当人们在想出新商业点子前玩《扫雷》五分钟时，他们比不玩的人更有创造力。）”由此可知，分散注意力对创造力也有好处。后文中creative“创造性的”可对应到C选项中Creativity“创造力”。故C选项“分散注意力对创造力也有好处”符合上下文语境，故选C。
5.根据后文“But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.）”可知但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。由此可知，本段是在建议在不同的任务之间切换，可以有助于保持专注。故B选项“在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选B。
完形填空
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在假期进行的一场远离网络的战争。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有去欣赏自然，而是查看我的电子邮件。A. received收到；B. checked查看；C. wrote写；D. recognized辨认出。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.”可知，平板电脑毁了作者的暑假，是因为他在平板电脑上查看邮件，因此作者没有去欣赏大自然而是去查看电子邮件。故选B项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天早上都读四份报纸，而不是读好看的小说。A. newspapers报纸；B. magazines杂志；C. journals期刊；D. letters信件。根据后文的“my favorite newspaper websites”可知，作者每天要看新闻，因此作者早上都要读报纸。故选A项。
3.考查连词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. so that以便；B. ever since自从；C. even though虽然；D. as if好像。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience:the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four each morning.”可知，暑假里，每天作者都在平板电脑上看新闻，这让作者表现得不是在放假，而好像是在上班。故选D项。
4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. even甚至；B. still还；C. once曾经；D. more更多。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four each morning.”可知，暑假里本该是度假休息，而作者每天都在平板电脑上看新闻，查看邮件，跟在上班没区别，因此可知作者好像就在办公室上班一样。故选B项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以今年我决定尝试一些不同的事情：远离网络。A. upset难过的；B. different不同的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. calm冷静的。根据前文“Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.”以及后文“getting away from the Internet”可知，之前作者让平板电脑毁了他的暑假，所以今年作者远离网络，作者决定做出改变，不再跟之前一样了，所以作者是要尝试做不一样的事。故选B项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不容易，因为我自控能力差。A. self-control自控力；B. self-confidence自信；C. self-respect自尊；D. self-improvement自我提高。根据前文“I knew it wouldn’t be easy, since I’m not good at”可知，作者知道不容易，那是因为他自己控制不了不去接触网络，因此可知作者觉得自己自控能力差。故选A项。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，运气来了：我们小屋的手机信号比过去差了，意味着我不能作弊了。A. better更好的；B. stronger更强的；C. worse更糟的；D. less更少的。根据前文“Then, a stroke of luck”以及后文“meaning that I couldn’t cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan.”可知，作者本身自控力差，而现在被迫实施计划，因此可知，作者小屋里的手机信号应该比较差，所以作者才做不了弊，而这也是作者觉得幸运的事，对想远离网络的作者来说，屋里的手机信号比原来更不好是个好消息。故选C项。
8.考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机，我几乎没有办法与世界联系 —— 一个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. set off出发；B. turn off关掉；C. cut off切断；D. put off推迟。根据前文“Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was than in the past, meaning that I couldn’t cheat.”以及后文“I had little way to connect to the world”可知，手机信号不好，作者没有任何方式跟这个世界产生联系，因此可知这切断了作者与电子邮件和新闻网站的联系。故选C项。
9.考查介词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机，我几乎没有办法与世界联系—— 一个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. more than非常，不仅；B. except for除……之外；C. instead of而不是；D. rather than而不是。根据后文“how much radio can one listen to, really?”可知，作者还可以通过收音机来了解一些消息，但作者提出疑问，会有人频繁使用收音机吗？因此可知，作者没法与外界联系除了收音机。故选B项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能做我一直计划做的事：读书。A. idea主意；B. way方法；C. means方法，手段；D. choice选择。根据后文“but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.”可知，作者选择通过读书来度过时间，因此可知在断开一切联系后，作者没有办法，只能选择读书了。have no choice but to do 表示“除……之外别无选择”。故选D项。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，结局是令人满意的。A. meaningless无意义的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. happy愉快的；D. peaceful和平的。根据后文“With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle the Internet.”可知，作者在决心和他妻子的支持下，终于在断网的行动上取得成功，因此可知结局是让人满意的。故选C项。
12.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在自己的决心和妻子的坚定支持下，我成功地在假期中与网络作斗争。A. against反对；B. for赞同；C. to到，对于；D. in在……里。根据前文“getting away from the Internet”以及“I succeeded in my vacation struggle”可知，作者要远离网络，自然和网络作斗争，并最终成功。struggle against 表示“和……斗争”。故选A项。
13.考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后意识到问题出在我身上，当然不是平板电脑。A. entirely完全地；B. frequently频繁地；C. finally最终地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.”可知，作者意识到是他个人本身的问题，是他离不开网络，是他自己毁了自己的假期，而并非是平板电脑。因此在这次网络斗争成功后，作者最终意识到这一问题所在。故选C项。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们路过一家星巴克时，妻子问我是否想进去使用Wi-Fi，我说“不需要，”，那一刻我知道我赢了。A. won获胜；B. lost失败；C. suffered遭受；D. recovered恢复。根据后文“when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the WiFi. “Don’t need it,” I said”可知，作者抵住了Wi-Fi的诱惑，没有进去使用，这说明作者赢得了与网络的这场战争。故选A项。
15.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续远离网络吗？A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Anyway不管怎样。根据后文“as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins”可知，重新回到工作时，作者会再次接触网络，这时的考验就出现了，作者能不能保持远离网络，根据句意可知前后是转折关系，应用However。故选B项。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续远离网络吗？A. stop停止；B. escape逃离；C. continue继续；D. change改变。根据前文“as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins”可知，回到工作中要面临一个考验，而既然是个考验，那这个考验就是作者是否还能继续远离网络。故选C项。
17.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. give in投降；B. give up放弃；C. give off发出；D. give away赠送。根据前文“I don’t plan to”以及后文“But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”可知，作者希望以后不要像之前一样每五分钟查看邮件，作者只是希望这个频率能减少，这说明作者不打算完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. exactly准确地；B. completely完全地；C. eventually最后；D. generally普遍地。根据后文“But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”可知，我希望能抵抗每五分钟查看邮件的诱惑，因此这说明作者只是想减少这种频率，不要使用的太频繁，但不是完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项。
19.考查定语从句关系词。句意：但我希望能抵制住每五分钟查看一次电子邮件的诱惑，因为这往往会导致我关注Twitter上的内容。根据前文“But I hope to resist the temptation(诱惑) to check my e-mail every five minutes”以及后文“often leads to following my Twitter feed.”可知，作者每5分钟查看邮件，使得他会继续观看他Twitter上的内容，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的内容，从句缺少主语应用which来引导。故选C项。
40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为假期应该有助于让你的大脑得到休息，从而变得更有效率。A. body身体；B. heart心；C. brain大脑；D. thought思想。根据后文“to become more productive”可知，要变得效率更高，就要让大脑得到休息，从而才能更高效地工作。故选C项。
语法填空
【答案】
41. to explore
42. a
43. judgement/judgment
44. with
45. what
46. lasted
47. going
48. further
49. are affected
50. simply
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类图书馆。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：它给了我们一个机会去探索那些我们可能永远不知道的故事。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处要使用非谓语动词，结合句意及前边的名词chance可知，此处要使用不定式作后置定语，故填to explore。
2.考查冠词。句意：它为我们提供了一个独特的机会，通过他人的眼睛来看待世界。结合句意可知opportunity可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词表泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，要用a，故填a。
3.考查名词。句意：它是在没有评判的情况下完成的，它能通向理解。分析句子结构可知，介词without后使用名词作宾语，故填judgement/ judgment。
4.考查介词。句意：人类图书馆以有生命的书籍的概念开始。结合句意可知，此处使用短语start with“以……开始”符合题意，故填with。
5.考查连词。句意：他们会谈论他们的生活是什么样的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语从句的连接词，结合句意可知，此处使用what“什么”符合句意，故填what。
6.考查时态。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出出来的人类书籍开始，人类书籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上文可知，陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，故填lasted。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出出来的人类书籍开始，人类书籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用现在分词作伴随状语，故填going。
8.考查副词比较级。句意：现在，人类图书馆已经发展到了如此深远，并对许多人的思想产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，much后要使用副词比较级作状语，表深远，故填further。
9.考查被动语态。句意：它提供了一个难得的选择，可以从受形势影响的人的角度来学习。结合句意及设空后的by可知，此处需要使用被动语态，结合上文时态可知，此处要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语也就是先行词为those“那些人”为复数，故填are affected。
10.考查副词。句意：这是关于有一个追寻源头并简单提问的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词做状语修饰动词ask，故填simply。
短文改错
【答案】
1.what→which/that或去掉what
2.personally→personal
3.had→have
4.在listen后加to
5.去掉and
6.Unless→If/When
7.help→helps
8.the→a
9.ideas→idea
10.basing→based
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何成为更好的学习者。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：要想成为更好的学习者，我们可以做很多事情。“we can do”是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词things是物，因此用关系代词which/that引导定语从句，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可省略，故将what改为which/that或去掉what。
2. 考查形容词。句意：我们内心的声音告诉我们个人的意见，而我们的外部声音处理我们听到的事情。修饰名词opinions应用形容词personal，意为“个人的”，故将personally改为personal。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们内心的声音告诉我们个人的意见，而我们的外部声音处理我们听到的事情。hear这个动作发生在deals这个动作之前，因此hear应用现在完成时，主语we是复数，因此应为“things we have heard”，故将had改为have。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：如果我们太过听从内心的声音，就会阻碍我们学习。listen to sth.是固定短语，意为“听……”，故在listen后加to。
5. 考查连词。句意：如果我们太过听从内心的声音，就会阻碍我们学习。“If we listen our inner voice too much”是if引导的条件状语从句，不需要用and连接从句和主句，故去掉and。
6. 考查状语从句。句意：如果/当你内心的声音难以控制时，你可以和它争论。根据“you can argue with it”可知，句子表示“如果/当你内心的声音难以控制时，你可以和它争论”，“如果”是if引导条件状语从句，“当……时”是when，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故将Unless改为If/When。
7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：促进主动学习的最好方法之一是提问，这有助于获得更多关于主题的知识。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“to ask questions”，不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此which后用第三人称单数helps，故将help改为helps。
8. 考查固定短语。句意：总之，我们永远不应该停止好奇。in a word是固定短语，意为“总之”，故将the改为a。
9. 考查名词。句意：积极的学习者也试图质疑他们周围的世界，理解每一个想法中的真理。every后跟单数名词，故将ideas改为idea。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，作为主动学习者，我们不应该根据第一印象对别人形成看法。be based on是固定短语，意为“根据”，因此用过去分词based表被动，在句中作状语，故将basing改为based。
书面表达
【答案】One possible version：
Nowadays, a growing number of young people would rather order food on the Internet or call a take-out restaurant for meals than cook at home.
It’s not surprising for them to do so. For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious. In their view, it is unnecessary to take time to cook. For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.
In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat. The busier we are, the more attention we should pay to food. Therefore, I prefer to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“现在，越来越多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭”这一现象陈述原因和自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
令人惊讶的：surprising → astonishing
宝贵的：precious → valuable
在我看来：in my view → from my point of view
因此：therefore → consequently
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious.
拓展句：For one thing, as the pace of modern life is becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）
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