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(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专用（课件+精练）：专题二 主旨要义 (共2份打包，含答案)
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这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专用（课件+精练）：专题二 主旨要义 (共2份打包，含答案)，文件包含专题二主旨要义试题部分docx、专题二主旨要义讲解部分pptx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共14页， 欢迎下载使用。
二、掌握识别主题句的常用方法段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Tpic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句 有两个功能:一是介绍段落的主题(Tpic);二是阐述控制概念(Cntrlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非 故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题 句,而是把主题句隐含在段意之中。1.主题句位于段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这 种段落称作演绎型段落。在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句 是段落的第一句。这样的段落模式可用倒三角(▽)来表示。
(1)寻找主题句有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有fr example,an ex- ample f,the mst imprtant example,first,secnd,next,then,last,finally,t be- gin with,als,besides that等。在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从该段落中的fr example可以断定上一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一 句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个fr example,看看第二句是否可以支撑 第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。(2)选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C和D四个选项,选择与主题句 句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与 主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
2.主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后作结论的手法。这种段落称作 归纳型段落。这种段落的模式可用正三角(△)来表示。3.主题句位于段落的中间主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非 主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此 外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱形(◇)来表 示。这种图形可看做是△和▽的合二为一(△▽)。这种段落是从支撑细 节开始,发展到结论(出现主题句)。当主题句出现后,又进一步用细节支持 说明,其安排顺序是:次要—重要—次要。4.主题句隐含在段意之中有些段落没有明显的主题句,其中心思想包含在各个句子中,这就要求读者
典例1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ, D片段)Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries:the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there's the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence:status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A.The classificatin f the characteristics f imprtance f interpersnal causes f dishnrable behavir.
解析 本题考查段落大意。 浏览全段可迅速找到段落中心句:Mitch Prin- stein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw cate- gries。由此可知本段对受欢迎的人进行分类。
典例2 Alng the river banks f the Amazn and the Orinc there lives a bird that swims befre it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stmach f a cw and has claws (爪) n its wings when yung. They build their hmes abut 4.6m abve the river, an imprtant feature (特征) fr the safety f the yung. It is called the hatzin.In appearance, the birds f bth sexes lk very much alike with brwn n the back and cream and red n the underside. The head is small, with a large set f feathers n the tp, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the cmmn birds, cucks. Its mst striking feature, thugh, is nly fund in the yung.Baby hatzins have a claw n the leading edge f each wing and anther at the
end f each wing tip. Using these fur claws, tgether with the beak (喙), they can climb abut in the bushes, lking very much like primitive birds. When the yung hatzins have learned t fly, they lse their claws.During the drier mnths between December and March hatzins fly abut the frest in grups f 20 t 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy seasn begins, they cllect tgether in smaller living units f tw t seven birds fr prducing purpses.What is the text mainly abut?A.Hatzins in dry and rainy relatives and enemies f birds and hatzins f the appearance and living habits f hatzins.
解析 本题考查全文主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了麝雉(the hatzin)的外表特征以及生活习性,故选D项。
典例3 T much TV-watching can harm children's ability t learn and even reduce their chances f getting a cllege degree, new studies suggest in the latest ef- frt t examine the effects f televisin n children.One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third-graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints lwer n math and language arts tests than children withut bedrm TVs.A secnd study, lking at nearly 1,000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund lwer educatin levels amng 26-year-lds wh had watched lts f TV dur- ing childhd. But the results dn't prve that TV is the cause and dn't rule ut that already prly mtivated yungsters (年轻人)may watch lts f TV.
Their study measured the TV habits f 26-year-lds between ages 5 and 15. Thse with cllege degrees had watched an average f less than tw hurs f TV per weeknight during childhd, cmpared with an average f mre than 2.5 hurs fr thse wh had n educatin beynd high schl.In the Califrnia study, children with TVs in their rms but n cmputer at hme scred the lwest, while thse with n bedrm TV but wh had hme cmputers scred the highest.While this study des nt prve that bedrm TV sets caused the lwer scres, it adds t accumulating findings that children shuldn't have TVs in their bedrms.
二、掌握识别主题句的常用方法段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Tpic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句 有两个功能:一是介绍段落的主题(Tpic);二是阐述控制概念(Cntrlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非 故事性文章如科普文章的时候,主题句尤其明显。有的文章无明显的主题 句,而是把主题句隐含在段意之中。1.主题句位于段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这 种段落称作演绎型段落。在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句 是段落的第一句。这样的段落模式可用倒三角(▽)来表示。
(1)寻找主题句有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有fr example,an ex- ample f,the mst imprtant example,first,secnd,next,then,last,finally,t be- gin with,als,besides that等。在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从该段落中的fr example可以断定上一句是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一 句为主题句,在第二句前面添加一个fr example,看看第二句是否可以支撑 第一句话,如果第二句不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。(2)选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读A、B、C和D四个选项,选择与主题句 句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的复述或推论等,排除与 主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
2.主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后作结论的手法。这种段落称作 归纳型段落。这种段落的模式可用正三角(△)来表示。3.主题句位于段落的中间主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非 主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此 外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱形(◇)来表 示。这种图形可看做是△和▽的合二为一(△▽)。这种段落是从支撑细 节开始,发展到结论(出现主题句)。当主题句出现后,又进一步用细节支持 说明,其安排顺序是:次要—重要—次要。4.主题句隐含在段意之中有些段落没有明显的主题句,其中心思想包含在各个句子中,这就要求读者
典例1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ, D片段)Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries:the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there's the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence:status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A.The classificatin f the characteristics f imprtance f interpersnal causes f dishnrable behavir.
解析 本题考查段落大意。 浏览全段可迅速找到段落中心句:Mitch Prin- stein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw cate- gries。由此可知本段对受欢迎的人进行分类。
典例2 Alng the river banks f the Amazn and the Orinc there lives a bird that swims befre it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stmach f a cw and has claws (爪) n its wings when yung. They build their hmes abut 4.6m abve the river, an imprtant feature (特征) fr the safety f the yung. It is called the hatzin.In appearance, the birds f bth sexes lk very much alike with brwn n the back and cream and red n the underside. The head is small, with a large set f feathers n the tp, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the cmmn birds, cucks. Its mst striking feature, thugh, is nly fund in the yung.Baby hatzins have a claw n the leading edge f each wing and anther at the
end f each wing tip. Using these fur claws, tgether with the beak (喙), they can climb abut in the bushes, lking very much like primitive birds. When the yung hatzins have learned t fly, they lse their claws.During the drier mnths between December and March hatzins fly abut the frest in grups f 20 t 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy seasn begins, they cllect tgether in smaller living units f tw t seven birds fr prducing purpses.What is the text mainly abut?A.Hatzins in dry and rainy relatives and enemies f birds and hatzins f the appearance and living habits f hatzins.
解析 本题考查全文主旨大意。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了麝雉(the hatzin)的外表特征以及生活习性,故选D项。
典例3 T much TV-watching can harm children's ability t learn and even reduce their chances f getting a cllege degree, new studies suggest in the latest ef- frt t examine the effects f televisin n children.One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third-graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints lwer n math and language arts tests than children withut bedrm TVs.A secnd study, lking at nearly 1,000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund lwer educatin levels amng 26-year-lds wh had watched lts f TV dur- ing childhd. But the results dn't prve that TV is the cause and dn't rule ut that already prly mtivated yungsters (年轻人)may watch lts f TV.
Their study measured the TV habits f 26-year-lds between ages 5 and 15. Thse with cllege degrees had watched an average f less than tw hurs f TV per weeknight during childhd, cmpared with an average f mre than 2.5 hurs fr thse wh had n educatin beynd high schl.In the Califrnia study, children with TVs in their rms but n cmputer at hme scred the lwest, while thse with n bedrm TV but wh had hme cmputers scred the highest.While this study des nt prve that bedrm TV sets caused the lwer scres, it adds t accumulating findings that children shuldn't have TVs in their bedrms.
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