高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题五主旨要义课件

这是一份高中英语高考北京专用2020届高考英语一轮复习专题五主旨要义课件，共60页。

专题五 主旨要义
高考英语 (北京市专用)
A组  自主命题·北京卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019北京,C)词数:466The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation tech-nologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year's I/O Confer-ence, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sound-ing voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The rea-son that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individ-ually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technolo-gies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communica-tions—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.1.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?A.Panicked.　　B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.　　D.Disappointed.2.Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can　　    .A.aim at victims preciselyB.damage databases easilyC.start campaigns rapidlyD.spread information widely
3.What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edged.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为信息安全。随着声音处理技术的发展,电信诈骗的危险性也在增加,所以电话服务公司和消费者通力合作来确保通信安全迫在眉睫。文章侧重于培养学生的思维品质。1.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于自助语音电话问题的解决方案作者觉得如何?由第一段中的Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”become widely avail-able, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可以看出,这些解决方案太少、太滞后,而且当解决方案广泛应用后,诈骗犯又有了更为聪明的诈骗方式。由此可推断出,作者对这些解决方案感到失望,故D项正确。A:恐慌的;B:困惑的;C:尴尬的。2.A　细节理解题。本题题干意为:利用这些新技术,诈骗犯们能够　　    。根据第三段第二句The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.可知,自助语音电话令人头疼的原因与数量关系不大,更主要的是精准度。诈骗犯利用新技术能够精确地对受害者实施诈骗,A项符合语境,precisely与precision为同一词根。
3.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章暗示了什么?文章第二段指出,声音处理和自动化技术即将广泛应用,第三段则指出这些技术可能让电信诈骗更为危险。由此可得知,文章暗示科技是一把双刃剑,带来了便利也带来了麻烦,故B项正确。4.C　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:文章的最佳标题会是以下哪一项?通读文章可得知,第一段指出电信诈骗的危险性越来越大,第二段指出上述问题出现的原因,第三段对此进行了解释,第四段提出了解决方法,最后一段则回归主题,指出问题会愈发严重。故C项符合文章主旨,意为“自助语音电话为何会愈发危险”。
高考热词    1.severity n. 严重;严厉　2.automation n. 自动化　3.precision n. 精确　4.credibility n. 可信性
长难句　This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother's name, and card number.例如,这意味着某个诈骗犯可能用一个看上去熟悉的号码给你打电话,用听起来与你的银行出纳员非常像的声音和你说话,诱骗你“确认”你的住址、母亲的姓名和卡号。本句为主从复合句。means后为that引导的宾语从句,介词短语from what...作状语,what引导宾语从句。第二个that引导定语从句,先行词是a voice。现在分词短语using a voice...和tricking you into...都作状语。
Passage 2 (2018北京,A)词数:319My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was“not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic”stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athlet-ic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweat-ing and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.1.A month before the marathon, the author 　　    .A.was well trained　　B.felt scaredC.made up his mind to run　　D.lost hope2.Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.
3.How was the author's first marathon?A.He made it.　　B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.　　D.He walked to the end.4.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。“我”虽然没有运动天赋,但是通过坚持不懈的努力,“我”最终完成了自己的第一次马拉松。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet, I was determined to go ahead.”可知,“我”虽然脚踝受伤,但还是决定去参加马拉松。2.C　推理判断题。体育课上老师对“我”的评价是“not athletic”,这从侧面证明了“我”不具备运动天赋,故选择C项。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段前两句“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished!”可知,“我”完成了第一次马拉松,故选择A项。4.B　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels, I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’.”可知,这篇文章主要想告诉读者胜利者要具备挑战自我的精神和坚强的意志,故选择B项。
高考热词    1.determined adj. 有决心的　2.require v.要求　3.athletic adj. 擅长运动的　4.realize v.意识到5.prove v.证明　6.readjust v.重新调整　7.starving adj.极饿的　8.approach v.接近
高级语块　run laps 跑圈
长难句　When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. 当我30多岁开始跑步时,我意识到跑步是一场和自己的战斗和竞争或者我是否擅长运动无关。 When引导的时间状语从句,第一个or连接并列成分。
Passage 3 (2017北京,C)词数:358Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinforma-tion that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vacci-nation rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are sup-posed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opin-ions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that　　    .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.information about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when　　    .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws
3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普知识类。14年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病在美国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲响了警钟。1.A　推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是由于反疫苗运动,麻疹病卷土重来;再根据第二段第一句可知,麻疹病例的数量听起来不多,但是它们却是一种危险趋势的开始。2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都进行了疫苗免疫后才能起作用,故选C项。3.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及倒数第三、四段的内容可知选D项。4.C　主旨要义题。作者通过讲述日益增长的反疫苗运动以及一些州政府法律对于疫苗豁免权的不限制,分析了美国麻疹病例的数量呈小幅上升趋势的原因,由此向读者强调接种疫苗的重要性,故选C项。
高考热词    1.disable v.使伤残,使残废　2.comeback n.复出;重返3.misinformation n.错误信息　4.case n.病例　5.trend n.趋势6.selfishly adv. 自私地　7.object v.反对　8.tighten v.加紧,加强(规则、法律或制度)　9.regula-tion n.规则
高级语块　wipe out彻底消灭
长难句　But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.但是这种疾病正在卷土重来,起因是日益增长的反疫苗运动以及正在迅速传播的错误信息。过去分词短语caused by...作后置定语,修饰comeback,两者之间为逻辑上的被动关系;that is spreading quickly是定语从句,修饰先行词misinformation。
Passage 4 (2016北京,B) 词数:368Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suf-fering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volun-teers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to help-ing others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elder-ly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie's choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new bas-ketball;Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring
much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was in-vited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found　　    .A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White House to help.D.She built an information sharing platform.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west, home is best.D.Technology is power.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。飓风桑迪袭击了纳塔莉的家乡洛克威,损失很大,一些人的援助行为鼓舞了纳塔莉,她创办了一个网站来帮助家乡的人们。1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段开头“...they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知B项正确。2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段开头第一句可知帮助洛克威进行重建的人们鼓舞了她,包括带来捐赠品的志愿者、帮助他人的邻居以及帮助老人的青少年们,故A项正确。3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知纳塔莉创办了一个网站,发布需要帮助的幸存者的信息,从而可以让捐赠者们找到捐赠的对象,由此可知她建立了一个信息分享平台,故D项正确。4.A　主旨要义题。从整篇文章可以得知,纳塔莉虽然年纪不大,但是她在飓风后家乡的重建过程中,创办了一个信息分享平台,为他人提供了巨大的帮助,故A项正确。
高考热词    1.escape v.逃离　2.temporarily adv. 暂时地　3.devote v.倾注4.deliver v.递送　5.trap v.困住　6.survivor n.幸存者7.supply n.日用(必需品)　8.destruction n.破坏
高级语块　1.in ruins 破败不堪　2.dozens of 很多　3.burn down 烧毁
长难句　Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collec-tion when his house burned down.纳塔莉发布了关于一个叫帕特里克的男孩的信息,当他家的房子被烧毁时,他失去了自己的棒球卡收藏品。句中who引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Patrick,when引导时间状语从句。
Group 2Passage 1 (2015北京,D) 词数:368Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in atti-tudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very”or“some-what”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today's parents are trying to manage their children's lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their“adult”children.In the context(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the
case of parents' involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn't present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parents—today's grandpar-ents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
1.The surveys inform us of　　    .A.the development of technologyB.the changes of adult children's behaviorC.the parents' over-protection of their college childrenD.the means and expenses of students' communication2.The writer believes that　　    .A.parents today are more protective than those in the pastB.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantagesC.technology explains greater parental involvement with their childrenD.parents' changed attitudes lead to college children's delayed independence3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Technology or AttitudeB.Dependence or IndependenceC.Family Influences or Social ChangesD.College Management or Communication Advancement
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为社会生活。文章介绍了无处不在的科技变革影响了生活的方方面面。然而科技带来的社会变化常常被误认为是人们的态度发生了改变。1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知调查表明现在的父母在子女搬进大学宿舍之后会继续对子女进行过度保护。2.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知C项正确。3.A　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知选 A。4.B　逻辑结构题。第一段简要介绍,提出论点。第二、三段提出两个分论点,第四段提出次要点,第五段介绍了另外一个次要点,最后一段总结全文。
高考热词    1.mistake v.误解　2.involvement n.参加　3.attend v.经常去,定期去(学校、食堂等)　4.suggest v.表明　5.indicate v.表明;显示　6.interpret v.把……理解(解释)为　7.request n.要求
高级语块　1.bring about 引起,导致　2.let go of 释放,放开3.bear in mind 牢记
长难句　But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.但是记住这一点是有用的:这些变化都来自科技而不是一些父母想象中的想要把孩子护在羽翼下的欲望。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings, bear in mind后的that引导宾语从句。
Passage 2(2014北京,C) 词数:388Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“I'll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been discussed.For ex-ample,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in
school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that in-centives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarly,if
you want to spend more time with your family,don't stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because　　    .A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions2.In Roland Fryer's research,some students did better than the others because　　    .A.they obeyed all the general rulesB.they paid more attention to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books
3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?A.“I'll give up dessert.”B.“I'll study harder.”C.“I'll cut down my expenses.”D.“I'll spend more time with my family.”4.The writer strongly believes that we should　　    .A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.”可知将减肥设定为目标过于注重输出,输出output相当于结果result,故选择B项。2.D　细节理解题。通读第三段的相关内容特别是最后一句可知本题应选择D项。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.”可知设立目标应具体化,不能过于关注结果。四个选项中A项“我要放弃甜食”很具体,是一个很好的目标;B项“我要更努力地学习”,C项“我要削减开支”和D项“我要花更多的时间陪家人”都很笼统,不容易实施,故选择A项。4.C　主旨要义题。作者在文章的倒数第二段举例说明了设立目标应挑选具体的行动,最后一段又再次强调“In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.”从长远来看,这些新的目标(具体的行动)能成为一种习惯。因此本题选择C项。
高考热词    1.construct v.创立　2.alternative n.可供选择的事物3.resolution n.解决　4.measure v.估量　5.adopt v.采用
高级语块　1.resolve to 决心　2.concentrate on 专心于3.stick to 坚持
长难句　Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.建立一个关注具体细节的输入的目标似乎比关注结果要更有效。句中Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input是主语,主语中that引导了一个修饰goal的定语从句。
flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself to move another way—like a fish!She push-es herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.The movements put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone.So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her.The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail,she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.Now,she is still learning to use the tail.Some days she wears it for an hour at a time,others not at all.“The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable,”says Stone,“but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作)and build muscles(肌肉).”Now,the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.This month,Grace will star in Dolphin Tale,a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.Many people travel from near and far to meet her.Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.
1.When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park,her trainer worried about her　　    .A.physical buildB.potential abilityC.chance of survivalD.adaptation to the surroundings2.A man-made tail is created for Grace to　　    .A.let her recover fasterB.make her comfortableC.adjust her way of swimmingD.help her perform better tricks3.The story of Grace inspires people to　　    .A.stick to their dreams　　B.treat animals friendlyC.treasure what they have　　D.face difficulties bravely
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,讲述了一只名叫格雷斯的海豚勇敢面对困难的故事。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in Decem-ber 2005,she was fighting for her life.‘Is she going to make it?’Her trainer,Abbey Stone,feared the worst.”可知此题应选择C项。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段的描述可知这条人造的尾巴是帮助格雷斯游泳的,故此题选择C项。3.D　主旨要义题。通读全文,格雷斯从一开始生死未卜,到失去尾巴,再到最后有一个更加快乐的结局可以看出格雷斯的故事能够激励人勇敢地面对困难,故选择D项。
高考热词    1.trick n.戏法　2.trap n.(捕捉动物的)罗网　3.backbone n.脊柱　4.artificial adj. 人造的　5.sink v.下沉　6.rescue n.救援 7.recovery n.康复　8.inspire v.赋予灵感
高级语块　show off 炫耀,卖弄,表现自己
长难句　The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd.那个小一些的海豚名叫格雷斯,会卖弄一些小把戏,如转圈和向人们打招呼。本句的主语是The smaller dolphin,Grace是主语的同位语,谓语是shows off,turning around and waving hello to the crowd是非谓语动词短语作状语,turning和waving的逻辑主语是dolphin,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
Passage 4(2012北京,D)词数:321Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野)is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer re-garded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection:whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out,there is a strong appeal in images of the wild,the un-touched;more than anything else,they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong,and the danger exploitation(开发)brings to such landscapes(景观)is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that hu-mans need—the rainforests,for example,store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr.Sauven,these “e-cosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane,a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute,takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services,such as water conservation.But that is not,he argues,a rea-son to avoid all human presence,or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more people on the Earth,and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives,rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved,there is still a grow-ing need for raw materials,and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide,the argument goes,there is no further rea-son not to do so.Being untouched is not,in itself,a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further,and to their being challenged by the other partic-ipants.One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings,but also the guidance of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.1.John Sauven holds that　　    .A.many people value nature too muchB.exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulC.wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesD.the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong2.What is the main idea of Para.3?A.The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.B.Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.C.Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.D.All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为节能环保类。荒野是否应该被开发是很多人关心的问题,有人赞同有人反对,无论是站在哪一方都需要我们认真地思考。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知选择B项。2.C    主旨要义题。根据文章第三段的第二句和第三句“He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services...But that is not,he argues,a reason to avoid all human presence,or in-deed commercial and industrial exploitation.”可知本题选择C项。3.A　推理判断题。作者在文章的第四段阐述了自己对这一问题的看法,第一句提到“I look forward to seeing these views taken further...”,由此可知作者没有偏向任何一个观点,只是客观阐述问题,因此选择A项objective“客观的”。disapproving不赞同的;sceptical怀疑的;opti-mistic乐观的。4.D　逻辑结构题。文章的第一段提出了整篇文章的关键词wilderness,第二段阐述了John Sauven的观点,第三段阐述了Lee Lane的相反观点,第四段作者提出自己的看法,第五段为总结段落,因此选择D项。
高考热词    1.preservation n.保留　2.environmentalism n.环境保护主义　3.appeal n.呼吁　4.untouched adj. 未受损害的;未受任何影响的　5.urge n.强烈的欲望　6.outweigh v.超过　7.tap v.开发8.characteristic n.特点　9.worth adj.值得　10.participant n.参与者
高级语块　1.regard as 视作　2.point out 指出　3.speak of 说到,讲到　4.in vast quantity 大量
长难句　The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental pro-tection...(这个名句)频繁被引用的现象反映出一场关于环境保护的激烈讨论……本句虽不长,但是很多考生未必能理解此句的意思。此句的主语为The frequency with which it is borrowed,其中还包含一个定语从句,先行词为the frequency,先行词放入定语从句中为it is borrowed with the frequency,定语从句中的it指代的是前面引用的一个作家的一句话。
B组  统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Group 1Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which al-lowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smok-ing cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popular-ity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their class-mates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and con-nect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.　　B.Lonely.　　C.Generous.　　D.Cool.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be Nice—You Won't Finish LastB.The Higher the Status, the BetterC.Be the Best—You Can Make ItD.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。文章将受欢迎的人分成了两类——讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在上小学的低年级时是什么样的女孩?根据题干中的early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句中的During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes(喜欢分享玩偶和笑话),因此可以推断作者是大方的,故选C项。A:不友善的;B:孤独的;D:酷的。2.A　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第二段的主要内容是什么?根据第二段第二句Mitch Prin-stein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.可知,本段对受欢迎的人进行分类,故选A项。B:青少年的特点;C:人际交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行为的原因。3.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:Prinstein博士的研究中针对最受喜欢的小孩的发现是什么?根据题干中的study和the most liked kids可定位到第四段中的It clearly showed that while lika-bility can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us。healthy ad-
justment(调整,适应)对应B项中的adaptable(能适应的),故答案为B项。A:他们显得有侵略性;C:他们喜欢最高的地位;D:他们学习成绩很好。4.A　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文最好的标题是什么?文章将受欢迎的人分成两类——讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。根据对这两种人的介绍可以总结出整篇文章都是在引导读者做讨人喜欢的人,对人友善、学会分享、敞开心扉,因此答案为A项。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好——你可以做到;D:自制力越强,侵略性越小。
高考热词    1.status n.地位,身份　2.rank n.地位,级别　3.adjustment n.调整,适应　4.opposite adj.相反的    5.conclusion n.结论
长难句　“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said. 他说:“被别人喜欢创造了学习的机会,也创造了新的生活体验的机会,这些体验帮助人们获得优势。”直接引语的主干是:Being liked creates opportunities。for learning and for new kinds of life expe-riences that help somebody gain an advantage是opportunities的定语,其中that help somebody gain an advantage是定语从句,先行词是new kinds of life experiences。
Passage 2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to
keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.　　B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.　　D.Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers. B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own. D.To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.He's fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He's familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。现如今,在美国,越来越多的人选择自己吃饭,他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。本文侧重培养学生的文化意识。1.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:第二段中的数据是关于什么的?根据第二段A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating to-gether anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. 可知,本段中出现的数据都体现了人们吃饭的习惯,所以选择B项。A:食物的多样性;C:餐桌礼仪;D:餐厅服务。2.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Bechtel更愿意出去吃午餐?根据第三段的最后一句的Today, I just wanted some time to myself可知答案为C项。3.D　细节理解题。本题题干意为:关于Mazoleny我们知道些什么?根据题干中的人名Mazole-ny可知答案应在第四段寻找。根据第四段的第二句He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little
interaction.可知,他和服务员很熟,故答案为D项。A:他为餐馆拍视频;B:他喜欢这个餐馆的食物;C:他在这个餐馆采访顾客。4.A　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的主要内容是什么?文章最后一段出现了关键词eat alone,第三段和第四段举了两个人独自吃饭的例子。整篇文章都是围绕着eat alone展开的,与A项中的having meals alone相匹配,故答案为A项。B:自我反省的重要性;C:加班带来的压力;D:无线科技的优点。
高级语块　1.chat up 搭讪　2.reflect on 反思
长难句　He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.他喜欢能坐着安静地看手机,或者如果他想和别人有点交流的话,就和他能直呼其名的服务生聊上几句。句子的主干是:He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper,其中that引导宾语从句。with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction为定语从句,修饰先行词the barkeeper,其中if引导条件状语从句。
Passage 3(2019天津,B)词数:432I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember Mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing Mom say, “I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning,”made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it my-self. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When Mom said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,”I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know
everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything ab-stract left too much room for argument.Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more com-plex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Mom's hands?A.She wanted Mom to read the news to her.B.She was anxious to know what had happened.C.She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.D.She couldn't help but stop Mom from reading.2.According to Paragraph 3, the author's reading of road signs indicates　　    .A.her unique way to locate herselfB.her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC.her effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rulesD.her growing desire to know the world around her
3.What was the author's view on factual reading?A.It would help her update test-taking skills.B.It would allow much room for free thinking.C.It would provide true and objective information.D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.4.The author takes novel reading as a way to　　    .A.explore a fantasy landB.develop a passion for learningC.learn about the adult communityD.get away from a confusing world5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.The Magic of ReadingB.The Pleasure of ReadingC.Growing Up with ReadingD.Reading Makes a Full Man
答案    [语篇解读]    本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确的人生态度。本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响。本文侧重学生的学习能力。1.B　推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者想要把报纸从妈妈手里夺过来?根据本文第二段前两句可知答案为B项(她迫切地想知道发生了什么)。A项:她想要妈妈给她读新闻;C项:她迫不及待地要把报纸撕碎;D项:她忍不住要阻止妈妈阅读。2.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据第三段,作者读路标表明　　    。根据本文第三段第5、6句话可知答案为D项(她增长的想认识周围世界的渴望)。A项:她独特的自我定位的方式;B项:她培养自己阅读能力的渴望;C项:她提醒妈妈遵守交通规则的努力。3.C　推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者对事实阅读的看法是什么?根据本文第四段第4句话可知答案为C项(它会提供真实并且客观的信息)。A 项:这将有助于她更新应试技巧;B项:这将给予自由思考大量的空间; D项:这将有助于形成一种现实且认真的生活态度。 4.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者把小说阅读看作是　　    的一种方式。根据本文第五段第1句可知答案为D项(逃离令人困惑的世界)。A项:探索奇幻之地;B项:培养学习的热情;C项:了解成人社区。
5.C　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:文章的最佳标题可能是什么?通读整篇文章可以判断出,本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响以及作者逐渐养成了好的阅读习惯。由此得知答案为C项(阅读伴随成长)。A项:阅读的魔力;B项:阅读的快乐;D项:阅读使人充实。
高考热词    1.elegant adj.高雅的,优雅的　2.assign v.布置,分派
长难句　By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mys-terious world where I am now a new character.通过打开小说,我可以抛下我的负担,进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界,在那里我立刻成为一个全新的人物。本句为主从复合句。主句中的第一个and连接两个并列谓语,where引导的是定语从句,先行词为a wonderful and mysterious world。
Passage 4(2019浙江,C)词数:305California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead au-thor of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one be-tween 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rain-fall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s,McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been ris-ing temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which re-duces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容是人与植物。文章的主要内容是关于加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。文章侧重于培养学生有关自然环境、人类生存与环境的关系方面的素养。1.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章第二段的主要内容是什么?文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项(加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况)符合题意。B:加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加;C:加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布;D:农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。2.D　推理判断题。本题题干意为:下面哪种措施用意良好,但对大树有可能是有害的?根据文章第三段中的 “Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”(激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树,而这些小树会与大树争夺资源)可知,控制野火的用意是好的,但是,似乎对大树并不好,故D项(火的控制措施)正确。A:森林的生态研究;B:树木砍伐禁令;C:限制住房开发。
3.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据McIntyre的说法, 缺水的主要原因是什么?根据文章最后一段可知,McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来,缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项(更热的气候)符合题意。A:融雪不足;B:更长的旱季;D:空气潮湿。4.A　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文合适的标题是什么?本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California, big trees, loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目,包括了文章的核心信息。B:加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树;C:为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的?;D:Patrick McIntyre: 在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
高考热词    1.decline v.下降　2.ecologist n.生态学家　3.aggressive adj.激进的,具有侵略性的　4.available adj.可以使用的,可获得的
高级语块　1.contribute to 促成,造成　2.water shortage 水资源缺乏
长难句　But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.但是,在将20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究与2001年至2010年的另一项研究进行比较时,McIntyre和他的同事们记录了一场大范围的大树死亡,这种现象甚至在禁止砍伐和开发以对其进行保护的荒地也很明显。句子的主干是McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees。 in com-paring a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010是介词结构作状语。that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development是定语从句。
Group 2Passage 1(2019江苏,D)词数:656The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer's(阿尔兹海默症). He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this?” Steve wondered.“Because she cares,” Melissa said.Steve nodded, tear in eye.Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she'd love to hear him play. Steve moved to
the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sink-ing. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was worth saving.”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He'd move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she'd take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by some-one else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn't play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss
and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower.”Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve's favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi's help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve's songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn't.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind:“Melancholy Flower.”She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve's permission. He considered it an honor.After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of
the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.1.Why did Melissa want to save her father's music?A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.B.She wanted to please her dying old father.C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D.She wanted to make her father a professional.2.After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi 　　    .A.refused to make a comment on itB.was deeply impressed by his musicC.decided to free Steve from sufferingD.regretted offering help to her friend
3.How can the process of Steve's recording be described?A.It was slow but productive. B.It was beneficial to his health.C.It was tiresome for Naomi. D.It was vital for Naomi's career.4.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni 　　    .A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedB.didn't expect the damage the disease brought aboutC.didn't fully realize the value of her husband's musicD.brought her husband's music career to perfection5.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?A.He felt concerned about his illness.B.He sensed a responsibility for music.C.He regained his faith in music.D.He got into a state of quiet.6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.The Kindness of Friends B.The Power of MusicC.The Making of a Musician D.The Value of Determination
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活、社区生活和积极的生活态度。文章通过讲述65岁身患阿尔兹海默症的老人Steve在女儿、妻子和女儿的钢琴家朋友Naomi的帮助下,战胜各种困难,逐步找到自信,使用钢琴进行创作的故事,帮助学生增强在艰难中认识世界、认识自我的意识,培养其不抛弃、不放弃的优秀品格。1.C　细节理解题。由题干中的Melissa want to save her father's music可定位到文章第三段。根据该段关键部分felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young可知,女儿认为爸爸的音乐很有纪念意义,值得保存下来,故选C。2.B　细节理解题。由题干After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi　　    .可定位到Naomi听Steve弹奏之后的语句。根据“It was beautiful,”和“The music was worth saving.”可知,Naomi对Steve的弹奏很欣赏,印象很深刻(deeply impressed),故选B项。3.A　细节理解题。由题干中的the process of Steve's recording可定位到文章中描述Steve弹奏钢琴的语句。根据Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking.可知,Steve的弹奏和录音的过程是缓慢的。结合下文可知,他弹奏的录音是富有成效的(productive)。故选A。
4.C　推理判断题。由题干Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni　　    .可定位到和Steve的妻子有关的段落。根据“Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn't.”和下文提到音乐会的举办可推知,他的妻子当初并未充分意识到她丈夫的音乐的价值(didn't fully realize the value of her husband's music)。故选C。5.D　细节理解题。由题干中的How did Steve feel at the concert...可定位到文章最后对Steve参加音乐会的细节介绍。根据文章倒数第二段中“He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.”可知,Steve现在的状态很平静(peace/quiet)。故选D。6.B　主旨要义题。文章的主线是音乐,讲述了阿尔兹海默症患者Steve在家人和朋友的鼓励和帮助下,充分发挥自己的音乐才能,获得成功的故事。故选B项(The Power of Music)作为文章的标题。
高考热词    1.passion n.热衷的爱好　2.clumsily adv.笨拙地　3.multiple adj.多的　4.permission n.许可
高级语块　figure out弄明白,搞清楚
Passage 2 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restau-rant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, be-cause they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save
Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some de-licious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less
答案    [语篇解读]　本文介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid创办的一档新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知,她创办了一档新节目,故选B项。2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话(在节目Save Money:Good Food中,她每周拜访一个不同的家庭,并且在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议)可知,Matt Tebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。3.C　推理判断题。文章前三段主要介绍了新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况,而第四段介绍了它和节目Save Money:Good Health的关系。由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识,故选C项。4.D　主旨要义题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid通过创办新节目Save Money:Good Food教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物。故选D项。
高考热词    1.grill v.盘问　2.nutritious adj. 有营养的　3.chef n.厨师 4.recipe n.食谱　5.takeaway n.外卖食品　6.expense n.费用 7.transform v.转变
高级语块　1.on a tight budget 在预算紧张的情况下2.put...into practice把……付诸实践
长难句　The eight-part series, Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money:Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. 由八部分组成的系列节目Save Money:Good Food仿效ITV的节目Save Money:Good Health,它给观众提供了如何从市场上各种各样的健康产品中获得价值的建议。本句的主干为The eight-part series follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money:Good Health。句中Save Money:Good Food为同位语,which引导定语从句,先行词为Save Money:Good Health,which在从句中作主语;另外,在定语从句中how to get value from the vast range of health prod-ucts on the market作介词on的宾语。
Passage 3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media re-port published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encour-age more reading.According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 per-cent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children's reading habits.B.Quality of children's books.C.Children's after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2.　　B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.　　D.In paragraph 5.
3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children's health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。根据“常识媒体”所做的一项调查可知,与过去相比,十几岁的孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。1.A　主旨要义题。本题题干意为:“常识媒体”所做的这个报告可能是关于什么的?本文为说明文,第一段为本文的主旨段。根据第一段(根据周一出版的“常识媒体”的一个报告,十几岁的孩子和更小的孩子进行趣味阅读的量少多了。)可知该报告主要讲的是孩子们的阅读习惯的变化,故答案为A项。B项(儿童图书的质量)、C项(孩子们的课外活动)和D项(父母与孩子间的关系)均不是该报告的内容,故全被排除。2.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:你在哪里可以找到最能支撑“孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少”这一说法的数据?本文第一段提出了本文主题,即孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。然后在第三段通过数据(...has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.)来支撑这一说法,故答案为B项。3.C    细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么许多家长限制电子阅读?根据第五段最后一句(……许多家长仍然限制电子阅读,主要是因为他们担心那会增加孩子面对屏幕的时间。)可知家长
限制电子阅读的原因是担心孩子们的健康,故答案为C项。A:电子图书质量差;B:那可能会浪费时间;D:电子阅读器很昂贵。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。4.A    细节理解题。本题题干意为:家长应该如何鼓励他们的孩子多阅读?根据第六段第一句(报告中分享的最给人以希望的数据清楚地证明了家长给孩子们做出榜样并在阅读上进行重要的指导。)可知答案为A项(为他们树立榜样)。B:要求他们写读书报告;C:为他们建立读书小组;D:和他们的阅读老师谈话。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。
高考热词    1.publish v.出版　2.decline n.削减　3.decade n.十年4.steep adj. 急剧的　5.remain v.仍然是　6.encourage v.鼓励7.respectively adv.分别　8.session n.部分　9.purchase v.购买
高级语块　1.due to由于　2.set aside留出(时间)
长难句　According to the report's key findings,“the proportion who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”根据该报告的重要发现:1984年13岁的孩子中说自己几乎不为乐趣而读书的比例为8%,17岁的孩子的比例为9%,而现在它们的比例分别增长到22%和27%。本句的主干为:the proportion has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today。who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun为定语从句,先行词为the proportion。
Passage 4 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warn-ing. An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood
were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文是一篇说明文,题材为城市环境类。城市的兴起壮大,城市的兴起又衰落,这背后的原因是什么呢?本文以纽约和道森两个城市为例,给出了隐藏在背后的真正推手。1.C　推理判断题。题干句意:是什么吸引那些早期定居者来到纽约市的呢?根据第一段第三句话(例如纽约市,它在哈得孙河入海口的一个大港口附近。)并结合第四句可知,这个优越的地理位置使得纽约市的人口在300年的时间里从800增长到800万。所以答案为C项:它的地理位置。A项:它的贸易文化。B项:它的稀少的人口。D项:它的宜人气候。这三项原文均未提及。2.B　细节理解题。题干句意:对那些第一批到达道森市淘金的人我们了解到了什么?根据第二段倒数第二句话(在第一批淘金的20,000人中,有4,000人富了起来。)可知有五分之一的人富了起来,故B项正确。3.B　推理判断题。题干句意:很多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?根据第三段第四句话第一个逗号后的部分(当他们听说在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来道森市一样,又匆忙离开了这里)可推断出这些人匆匆忙忙离开这里去阿拉斯加州淘金去了,又去碰运
气看能不能变富。B项“他们想去别的地方碰运气。”与原文意思相符。A项:他们觉得这个城市太拥挤了。C项:他们无法忍受这里的冬天。D项:他们缺少食物。这三项与原文不符。4.A　主旨要义题。文章第一段第一句话提出观点:一个城市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原因的。后文以两个城市为例来论证这个观点。纽约市的兴起是因为它优越的地理位置。道森市的兴起是因为这里发现了金矿,而这座城市的衰落是因为这里没有了金矿。由此可知本文主要描述了一个城市的兴起和衰落及其背后的原因。这与A项相符。B项:加拿大的淘金热。C项:踏进荒野的旅程。D项:道森的旅游业。这三项都不是主题。
高考热词    1.port n.港口　2.harbour n.港湾　3.develop v.发展4.boom n.(贸易和经济活动的)激增,繁荣　5.overnight adv.一夜之间　6.unmapped adj. 未在地图上标明的 7.convenience n.方便　8.necessity n.必需品　9.chief adj. 主要的
高级语块　1.settle in安顿下来　2.make it to成功到达
长难句　The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.这个城市里挤满了失望的人群,他们对定居下来没有一点儿兴趣。当他们听说在阿拉斯加州发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初匆忙来到道森市一样又匆忙离开了这里。第一个逗号后的并列连词and连接前后两个并列分句。第一个分句是一个简单句,with短语作定语修饰people。第二个分句中,when引导的是时间状语从句,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come是句子的主句, as...as引导比较状语从句。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018天津,C)词数:365There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus:food. Recent develop-ment has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the indus-try isn't stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for deco-ration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is
becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts be-lieve printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very
complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restau-rants.1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens the transportation of food.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food　　    .A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印技术在食品领域的应用。它可以节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,增加食物供应的持续性,增加食品营养的个性化,当然也面临着很多挑战。1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段中关键信息on a mass scale(大量地)和第二段第二句话(不是每一个人都能做到那一点,它需要花费数年的经验,但是一台打印机使它变得简单)可知,在制作食物时3D打印技术可以节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,故选B项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句(一些专家认为打印机能够使用从像藻类和草等丰富的可再生资源中获得的水解胶体来代替熟悉的烹饪原料)可确定答案为D项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段直接引语中的第一句话(食物打印能使客户打印含有定制的有营养的比如维他命的内容的食物)可确定答案为B项。4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句话(除了那一点以外,绝大部分3D食物打印机现在局限于干燥的原料,因为肉和牛奶产品可能容易变质)可确定答案为C项。5.A　主旨要义题。文章第一句为主题句,它告诉我们文章的主题为3D打印技术的新领域——食品,接下来主要介绍了这一应用的优点,也提及了它面临的挑战。故选A项。
高考热词    1.frontier n.前沿　2.complicated adj. 复杂的　3.sculpture n.雕塑品　4.maintain v.维持　5.cur-rent adj. 当前的　6.plentiful adj. 充足的　7.renewables n. 可再生能源　8.replace v.代替9.processed adj. (食物)经加工的　10.skeptical adj. 怀疑的
高级语块　1.on a mass scale 大量地2.contribute to 导致,有助于;贡献
长难句　Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.现在,绝大部分原料在打印机使用它们前必须被变成糊状物。而且,打印的过程非常耗费时间,因为原料的相互作用是一个复杂的过程。句子的主干为most ingredients must be changed to a paste and the printing process is quite time-consuming。句中连词and连接两个并列分句,在第一个分句中before引导时间状语从句,第二个分句中含有一个because引导的原因状语从句。
Passage 2 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to cele-brate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its signifi-cance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its his-tory and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Ra-dio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it's the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dia-logues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz. B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music. D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually. B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times. D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of Jazz B.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz Musician D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。虽然美国爵士乐在文化交流中起着积极的作用,但是它的前景堪忧。目前爵士乐的听众越来越少,且年轻人不喜欢爵士乐。Moran试图改变其现状,他建议爵士乐要与时俱进,运用多种元素来适应现实,让其成为一种年轻人喜欢的艺术表现形式。1.D　细节理解题。本题问联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)为什么把4月30日设为“国际爵士乐日”。根据第一段最后一句中的 “...to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and...”可知联合国教科文组织设立“国际爵士乐日”的目的是让更多人了解爵士乐,了解它的意义和它在跨文化交流中的潜在作用,即让人们认识到它的价值,故答案为D项。2.C　推测词义题。第三段中that所在的句子起到承接上段的作用,由此可知that所指的内容应在第二段。第二段指出爵士乐听众减少并呈现老龄化趋势,不受年轻人欢迎。改变这一点正是Jason Moran的工作,故答案为C项。3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It has to continue to move, because...”可知,Moran认为爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前的已经不一样了。由此推断出Moran对爵士乐的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。
4.A　主旨要义题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认识到爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐日;后面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中的“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”可知,本文的主题就是探索爵士乐的未来,答案为A项。
高考热词    1.annual adj. 一年一度的　2.significance n.重要性3.potential n.潜能　4.shrink v.减少　5.accessible adj. 容易理解的　6.preserve v.保留　7.digital adj. 数字的　8.gain v.获得　9.abstract adj. 抽象的
高级语块　1.raise awareness增强意识2.black and white非黑即白
Passage 3 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the com-pany closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Tran-sition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transi-tion, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an air-
line industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.
2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.　　B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.　　D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.　　B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.　　D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition's First FlightC.Pilots' Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了一种可飞行的汽车的研发情况。内容包括其基本技术数据信息以及预计价格,政府对该产品研发在政策上的支持以及对未来驾驶这种车辆的人员的要求等。1.A　主旨要义题。第一段中首先转述了Terrafugia公司的消息,接着详细介绍了能飞行的汽车的资料:两个座位,四个轮子,上个月在1,400英尺的高空飞行了8分钟,速度是在道路上大约每小时70英里、在空中每小时约115英里以及油耗等。所以第一段主要介绍了这种汽车的基本资料,答案为A项。2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000.” 可推断出,这种汽车不可能在路上大量出现的原因是这种汽车的价格昂贵。故答案为C项。3.B　推理判断题。文章没有直接表述政府态度的语句,但根据第三段中的 “The government has already permitted the company to use...”可知,政府已经许可这个公司使用特殊材料让这种车更容易飞起来。由此推断出政府的态度是肯定的,所以答案为B项。
4.D　主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句话 “...bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.”以及后文对这种汽车的现状和前景的详细描述可推断出本文的主题应该是:快要成为现实的飞行汽车。所以答案为D项。
高考热词    1.vehicle n.交通工具　2.deposit n.订金　3.driveway n.私人车道　4.permit v.允许　5.require-ment n.要求　6.relatively adv. 相对地
高级语块　1.fold up折叠;叠起　2.show up出现;露面3.be stuck in被困在……中　4.go through经历;经受
长难句　Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Mann说Terrafugia公司得益于联邦航空管理局五年前为轻型运动飞行器单独创造一套标准的决定,这些标准比较大的飞机的飞行员的标准低。said后为宾语从句,从句的引导词that省略了;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词stan-dards。
Passage 4 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driv-ing skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is help-ing us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport. B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers' problems. D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength. D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.D.Organize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案    [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一辆电动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾驶车辆时所面临的各种挑战并找到老年人的重要压力点,以便运用科技手段辅助老年人克服各种困难,保障他们的驾车安全,从而延长他们的驾龄。1.C　推理判断题。 短文第一段就明确指出,纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一辆电动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾车所面临的各种挑战,并找到老年人的重要压力点。文章第六段中Amy Guo博士进一步解释说DriveLAB有助于他们了解老年驾车者的重要压力点和所面临的各种困难。考生通过理解上述两部分具体信息,即可判断出C项为正确选项。2.A　推理判断题。由短文第四段可知,对于很多老年人,特别是独自生活或生活在乡下的老人来说,驾车在他们保持独立自主、不依靠别人就能自由到外面活动方面至关重要。依据上述信息,可判断出正确选项为A。3.B　推理判断题。第一个信息点在短文第三段,该段说纽卡斯尔大学研究团队正在为老年驾驶者研发车载技术,希望这些技术能帮助老年人延长驾龄。第二个信息点在最后一段的“technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel”。由以上信息可知,B项正确。4.D　主旨要义题。由第三段最后一句中help them to continue driving into later life可知D项正确。
高考热词    1.electric adj. 电动的　2.key adj. 关键的　3.inactive adj. 不活跃的　4.adaptation n.改编　5.re-action n.反应　6.struggle v.奋力;争取　7.constant adj. 不变的
高级语块　address problem解决问题
长难句　But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often re-sults in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.但我们都不得不承认,随着我们变老,我们的反应就慢下来,这经常造成人们回避那些具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况并失去对自己的驾驶技能的信心。本句中第一个and连接前后两个分句。在第一个分句中,that引导的是宾语从句,从句中as we get older是时间状语从句;第二个分句的主语是this,谓语是results in。
Group 4Passage 1 (2017天津,A)词数:307Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error
suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to some-thing worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversa-tion. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're dis-cussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustra-tions calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel 　　    .A.curious　　B.tired C.awful　　D.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to 　　    .A.apologise in a serious manner B.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctly D.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices. B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members. D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver's friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors. B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents. D.Improving email writing.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在日常生活中你可能会不经意发错电子邮件,造成不必要的尴尬或冒犯别人。本文就这个问题提出了几种解决的办法。1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知,在你意识到发错了邮件时,你会惊恐地愣住,羞得脸颊发烫。由此可知你会感觉很糟糕。curious 好奇的;tired劳累的;awful糟糕的;funny 滑稽的。2.A    推理判断题。根据Writing the wrong name部分中的“Respond quickly and briefly, apol-ogising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don't handle it too lightly”可以推断出,在写错名字时,要立即道歉,并且说话的语调要有分寸,不能太轻率,也就是你要严肃认真地道歉,所以答案为A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据Clicking “reply all” unintentionally部分中的 “In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”可以推断出,出现这种情况时,你要离开键盘,让每个人都冷静下来,也就是不要继续参与讨论,所以答案为B项。4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.”可知,出现这种情况时,要亲自向收件人道歉,所以答案为D项。
5.C　主旨要义题。根据第三段 “What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.”可知,本文的主题就是当发错邮件时你应该如何补救。本文列举了四种常见的错误以及相应的补救措施,所以答案为C项。
高考热词    1.realisation n.意识　2.freeze v.(因害怕等)惊呆,吓呆3.swiftly adv. 迅速地　4.version n.版本　5.ignore v.忽视6.offended adj. 气愤的　7.accidentally adv. 意外地;偶然地　8.frustration n.沮丧;懊恼
高级语块　1.in a rush急忙地　2.in person亲自
Passage 2 (2016课标Ⅰ,D) 词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for re-flection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among peo-ple or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French,
and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under dis-cussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.　　B.The French.C.The Mexicans.　　D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了沉默在不同风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。1.C　推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中所表达的含义不同,由此可判断在谈话中的沉默是有风俗特性的,故选C项。2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样,许多印第安人重视沉默,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些风俗里,沉默是一个思考的需要。根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可将B、C、D排除。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值,并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人,故选D项。其他三项文中未提到。4.B　主旨要义题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用,故选B项,意为“沉默的意义”。A项“声音和沉默”,文中未提及声音。C项显然只是说美国人,有些片面。D项“说话是银,沉默是金”,与文章内容不符。
高考热词    1.vary v.变化　2.stubbornness n.倔强　3.uneasiness n.不安;担心　4.consider v.认为　5.reflec-tion n.思考,回忆 6.authority n.权力,当权　7.assist v.帮助
高级语块　be aware of意识到
长难句　Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.当护士和其他的护理者们遇到的病人可能处于个人焦虑时,他们需要明白沉默的可能含义。本句的主句为:Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence,而their patients may be experiencing为定语从句,先行词为 anxiety。
Passage 3 (2016课标Ⅱ,C) 词数:254Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and not the vir-tual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.　　B.An adventure.C.A public place.　　D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com用一种新型的书的传递方式,将人们通过书联系了起来。1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知作者提到book groups是为了介绍网站BookCrossing.com的新颖的读书模式,因此选B。2.A　推测词义题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知,那个人将读过的书留在公共场合,希望那本书有一次冒险经历,伴随着每一个发现它的新的读者到处旅行。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,读过书的人会将书留在公园的长凳上、公交车上、火车站里和咖啡店里,同时根据第五段倒数第一句可判断这个想法是针对那些不把书放在家里让它们落一层尘土的慷慨的人的,故选C项。4.D　主旨要义题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述的是一种新型的读书方式,通过书的传递使人们从虚拟世界回到真实的世界。由此可判断是这个网站将人们联系了起来,故选D项。
高考热词    1.register v.登记　2.identification n.身份　3.stick v.粘贴4.adventure n.冒险　5.combine v.结合　6.bench n.长椅
高级语块　a journal entry日记条目
长难句　E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.然后人们发送邮件到BookCrossers来让书被发现的地点保持更新。本句中的where their books have been found为宾语从句。
Passage 4 (2016课标Ⅲ,D) 词数:356Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is be-ing spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By track-ing people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't
necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply be-cause people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.”
1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A.News reports. B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails. D.Daily conversations.2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.They're socially inactive.B.They're good at telling stories.C.They're inconsiderate of others.D.They're careful with their words.3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger's research?A.Sports news.　　B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts.　　D.Financial reviews.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB.Online News Attracts More PeopleC.Reading Habits Change with the TimesD.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
答案    [语篇解读]　新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章等。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. 可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故答案是A。2.C    推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知大众媒体只关心是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你的感受,但是当你和你的朋友分享故事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。C选项符合文意。3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章的第一段可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有流血事件,那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,故D选项正确。
高考热词    1.track v.追踪　2.sob n.哭泣,呜咽　3.scholar n.学者4.prefer v.更喜欢　5.anxiety n.焦虑　6.merely adv. 仅仅;只不过　7.contagious adj. 富于感染力的
高级语块　1.mass media大众传媒　2.word-of-mouth口头的
长难句　Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.读者们也倾向于分享让人感到兴奋或是有趣的文章,或是引发愤怒或焦急之类的消极感受的文章,而不是仅仅让他们感到忧伤的文章。本句中的三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。
C组  教师专用题组Passage 1(2013重庆,C)Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the ar-rival of modern road design.In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(层)of large stones
covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time,metal hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being,followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967,sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路).As wheel design took off,vehicles got faster and faster.1.What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.C.Animals were a good means of transport.D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.2.What do we know about road design from the passage?A.It was easier than wheel design.B.It improved after big changes in vehicle design.C.It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
3.How is the last paragraph mainly developed?A.By giving examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By following time order.D.By making classifications.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The beginning of road design.B.The development of transport wheels.C.The history of public transport.D.The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,主要介绍了车轮的历史演变。1.C　事实细节题。根据第二段中最后一句话可知大概由于动物当时能很好地运输农具和人,车轮在一段时间内并不流行,故选C项。2.D　推理判断题。第三段最后一句话提到在现代道路设计出现之前,车轮及车辆设计没有发生重大的变化,第四段中又提到在坚固和耐用的路面出现之后不久充气轮胎就诞生了。由此可推断路况的改善是车轮设计发展的先决条件,故选D项。3.C　推理判断题。根据In the mid-1700s,in the 1820s,At around the same time,followed by...in 1846,in 1967,sixty years after可知最后一段主要以时间顺序展开写作,故选C项。4.B　主旨要义题。文章第一段介绍了车轮的诞生,接下来介绍了车轮的发展,故选B项。
Passage 2(2013安徽,B)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger,but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use ev-ery day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from under-ground.The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall,but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.In the United States,a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day!This shows how much we depend on water to live,but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with,use the same glass for your drinking
water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.1.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?A.Using river water.B.Throwing batteries away.C.Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.2.What can be inferred from the text?A.All water shortages are due to human behavior.B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.
3.The last paragraph is intended to　　    .A.show us how to fix leaks at homeB.tell us how to run a dishwasherC.prove what drinking glass is best for usD.suggest what we do to save water at home4.The text is mainly about　　    .A.why paving roads reduces our waterB.how much we depend on water to liveC.why droughts occur more in dry climatesD.how human activity affects our water supply
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材为节能环保类。水是我们日常生活中必不可少的资源,但是由于一些不合理的人类活动,导致了水资源的一些短缺。呼吁大家从我做起,从小事做起来保护水资源。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.(我们铺砌的道路和停车场越多,流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。)”可知应选C项。2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“...good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”,第三段最后一句“...but there's a lot we can do to low-er the number.”和最后一段我们能够在生活中所采取的多种措施,可以得知B项(我们需要付出很多的努力去满足我们对水的需求)正确。3.D　推理判断题。本段的中心句是第一句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”,最后一段是建议我们在家怎么做可以节约用水。故选D项。4.D　主旨要义题。本篇文章主要讲的是人类活动(human activity)对水资源供应(water sup-ply)的影响。故选D项。
Passage 3(2013安徽,E)Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom,and the capital,Buenos Aires,attracted many people.Farmers,as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy,came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well,and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city,the dance known as the tango(探戈舞)came into being.At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men,so if a man didn't want to be left out,his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually,the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.In Europe at this time,strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in
international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to bel-ly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe,they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes.Though not everyone approved of the new dance,saying it was a little too shocking,the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.The popularity(流行)of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War Ⅰ brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926,and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador,and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.1.The origin of the tango is associated with　　    .A.belly dancers　　B.American soldiersC.a Spanish city　　D.the capital of Argentina
2.Which of the following is true about the tango?A.It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.B.People of the upper classes loved the tango most.C.It was often danced by two males in the beginning.D.A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.3.Before World War Ⅰ,the tango spread to　　    .A.America　　B.JapanC.France　　D.South Korea4.What can be the best title for the text?A.How to Dance the Tango　　B.The History of the TangoC.How to Promote the Tango　　D.The Modern Tango Boom
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材为介绍说明类。本文简要介绍了探戈舞的起源和发展。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知选D项。2.C　细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“...so if a man didn't want to be left out,...”(因此如果一位男士不想被落下,他唯一的选择就是和另一个男士跳舞来吸引为数不多的女性的注意。)可知故选C项。3.C　细节理解题。第三段中提到探戈舞传到巴黎,所以选C项(法国)。4.B　主旨要义题。从第一段讲探戈舞的形成,到后面它的传播发展,可以得知B项(探戈舞的发展历史)为最佳标题。
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor,there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently intro-duced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from the rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain. 3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?A.motor→canopy→sensors　　B.sensors→motor→canopyC.motor→sensors→canopy　　D.canopy→motor→sensors
4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A.Its moving speed.　　B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.　　D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The designer will open a company to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
答案    [语篇解读]    本文为说明文,题材是科普知识与现代技术类。走在大街上突遇大雨而又没有带雨具该怎么办?一位有心人在圣彼得堡街头的一次经历让他产生了一种发明的想法:灯杆伞篷。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的That's why he created Lampbrella...可知他设计这种雨伞的目的就是为了保护行人免受雨淋之苦,故选C项。2.A　推理判断题。第二段提到一次在圣彼得堡街头路灯照耀下他看到很多人试图避雨,于是就产生了设计这种雨伞的想法。由此推断出他的发明创造来自于一次经历,故选A项。3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中对这种雨伞的工作原理的描述可知B项正确。4.D　主旨要义题。第五段主要是告诉我们这种伞是很安全的,故选D项。A项是该段的一个细节;该段没有提及它的外表样子,排除B项;C项“它的安装”,也是一个细节。5.C　推理判断题。最后一段中说他坚持认为自己设计的这种雨伞可以在任何行人多但没有伞篷提供保护的街道上安装,由此推断出他认为自己的设计非常实用,故选C项。
Passage 5(2013福建,A) When I was 12,all I wanted was a signet(图章)ring.They were the “ in” thing and it seemed ev-ery girl except me had one.On my 13th birthday,my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母)carved into it.I was in heaven.What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn't being “re-placed”.We'd been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost ev-erything—so most of the“new”stuff(东西)we got was really just to replace what we'd lost.But not my ring.My ring was new.Then,only one month later,I lost it.I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning.I was sad and searched everywhere for it.But it seemed to have disappeared.Eventually,I gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later,we sold the house and moved away.Years passed,and a couple of moves later,I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me.It wasn't my birthday,nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion.Mum noticed my questioning look.“You'll recognize this one,”she said,smiling.Then she handed me a small ring box.I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet right inside.
The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecora-tions,which included replacing the carpets.When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom,they found the ring.As it had my initials carved into it,they realized who owned the ring.They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.And it still fits me.1.The underlined word “in” in the first paragraph probably means “　　    ”.A.fashionable　　B.available　　C.practical　　D.renewable2.When she got the ring back,the writer was about　　    .A.13 years old　　B.15 years old C.26 years old　　D.28 years old3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The writer's family moved several times.B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring.C.The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.My New Ring　　B.Lost and Found C.Lost and Replaced　　D.An Expensive Ring
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。作者讲述了自己13岁的生日礼物,一枚图章戒指,15年后失而复得的故事。1.A　推测词义题。根据下文it seemed every girl except me had one(除了我以外,似乎每个女孩子都拥有一枚)可推断出,图章戒指在当时是非常时髦的(fashionable)东西。available可获得的;practical实用的;renewable可更新的。2.D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知作者是在13岁生日时得到的戒指;根据第三段最后一句可知,两年后作者一家卖掉了房子,当时她应该是15岁;再根据倒数第二段第一句可知,13年前买房的那家人因为装修而发现了这枚戒指。根据以上细节计算,作者重获戒指时应该是28岁。3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中Years passed,and a couple of moves later可知答案选A(作者一家几度搬迁)。根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误;根据倒数第二段最后一句中pro-fessionally cleaned up by a jeweler可知C项错误;根据第三段第二句可知D项错误。4.B　主旨要义题。作者讲述自己的图章戒指失而复得的故事,故B项Lost and Found符合题意。
Passage 6(2013福建,E) A MENTORING(导师制)program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and un-employed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg,the program's founder,said:“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their out-look.”“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.For example,we've secured internships(实习)with world-famous firms such as Honda.”“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring,it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their fu-tures.”Kieran Hepburn,14,is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the pro-gram so far.In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to
Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organi-zation's(UNESCO)International Youth Forum(论坛).The event was held for young people from around the world,to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event.Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing ex-perience.“Before we left I didn't quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn't stop,it was amazing,”he said,“We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.It dealt with issues(问题)such as drug abuse,violence and unemployment.Kieran said:“It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury.For details visit www.younginspirations.com.
1.The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to　　    .A.train staff for world-famous firmsB.offer job opportunities to young adultsC.provide youth with unique experiencesD.equip the unemployed with different skills2.According to Alex Goldberg,it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to　　    .A.the lack of support from firms　　　B.the cultural differencesC.the effect of unemployment　　　D.the shortage of money3.According to the passage,the forum focused on how youth can　　    .A.build up their confidence at schoolB.find work experience opportunitiesC.improve their social skills for the futureD.play an active role in the change of society
4.We can learn from the passage that　　    .A.the visit to the United Kingdom was amazingB.Kieran has made great progress in many aspectsC.the youth have found a way to solve their problemsD.the mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday5.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Alex Goldberg,Founder of Young InspirationsB.Young People Find a World of OpportunityC.Kieran,Banbury School Pupil to ParisD.Debates Help Youth with Their Grades
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。一项导师制计划为年轻人提供了参与社会生活、拓宽视野的机会。1.C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Young Inspirations的建立是要给年轻人提供改变生活和开阔视野的经历。故C项(为年轻人提供独特的经历)最贴近题意。2.D　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中At a time of funding cutbacks...(在资金短缺的时期……),可知答案选D。3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知,论坛的主题是年轻人如何推动政治和公共生活的变革。故D项(年轻人如何能在社会变革中起到积极的作用)最贴近题意。4.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,Kieran的自信心、社交技能和学习成绩都得到了提高,而且还被选为学校八月份进步最大的学生。故答案选B。5.B　主旨要义题。本文第一句是全文的主题句,即导师制计划给Banbury的年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。故B项(年轻人找到了充满机会的世界)符合题意。
Passage 7(2013天津,C) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do:the fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement(限制)and have strong opinions about ev-erything.Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the free-ways and arrive tired.But then Banner,our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour,
let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They'd get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons(见识).We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty sec-tion of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.1.Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home?A.It was less tiring.
B.It would be faster and safer.C.Her kids would feel less confined.D.She felt better with other drivers nearby.2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to　　    .A.relax in the fresh airB.take a deep breathC.take care of the lambD.let the kids play with Banner3.What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?A.Freeways are where beauty hides.B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health.D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.
4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?A.To give herself some time to read.B.To order some food for them.C.To play a game with them.D.To let them cool down.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Charm of the DetourB.The Road to BraveryC.Creativity out of NecessityD.Road Trip and Country Life
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为社会生活类。作者通过自己亲身的旅行经历,更深刻地理解了绕行道的意义——虽然会比较慢,但是我们能近距离地接近自然,感受到生活更大的乐趣。1.B　细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到作者坚持走高速公路,到达的时候会比较累。A项与此相反,故排除。C和D项文中没有涉及。2.C　细节理解题。从第五段中的第二、三句得知:作者出于需要要走乡间小路。他们不得不每小时停下让Banner伸伸腿并且喂它。故选C项(停车去照顾小羊羔)。3.B　推理判断题。作者通过看到的自然现象得出感慨:走这样的路要比走最好的高速公路要好,因为这才是生活,并且增长了见识。故选B项(接近自然可以增加生活的乐趣)。4.D　细节理解题。第八段中提到,在回去的路上,孩子们在车上争吵,所以作者就命令他们下车到前面会面,也就是要孩子们冷静下来不要争吵。故选D项。5.A　主旨要义题。作者以诗人William Stafford对绕行道的理解引题,加上自己的亲身经历,进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义——它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分,也发现最好的自己。故选A项——绕行道的魅力。
Passage 8 (2013江西,C) Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the opposite.Listening well is an ac-tive exercise of our attention and hard work.It is because they do not realize this,or because they are not willing to do the work,that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’.Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting a-side of your own prejudices and desires,to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside,stepping into his or her shoes.Moreover,since listening well involves bracketing,it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person.Sensing this acceptance,the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.True communication is un-der way.The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we lack this energy.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social
relationships that we are listening well,what we are usually doing is listening selectively.Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder,as we listen,how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening,or we simply refuse to listen to what we don't want to hear.It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is be-ing truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的).In about a quarter of the patients I saw,surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法),before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever.1.The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes”in Paragraph 2 probably means　　    .A.preparing a topic list firstB.focusing on one's own mind
C.directing the talk to the desired resultsD.experiencing the speaker's inside world2.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A.How to listen well.　　B.What to listen to.C.Benefits of listening.　　D.Problems in listening.3.According to the author,in communication people tend to　　    .A.listen actively B.listen purposefullyC.set aside their prejudices D.open up their inner mind4.According to the author,the patients improved mainly because　　    .A.they were taken good care ofB.they knew they were truly listened toC.they had partners to talk toD.they knew the roots of problems5.What type of writing is the article likely to be?A.Science fiction.　　B.A news report.C.A medical report.　　D.Popular science.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。在日常交流中我们往往倾向于说而不愿意听。但是如何倾听他人是一门艺术,掌握它会让我们受益匪浅。作者从医生和病人的角度论述了该话题。1.D　推测词义题。根据画线部分前的描述:尽可能去感受另外一个人的内心世界。由此可以推断出画线部分的意思是:感受说话者的内心世界,故选D项。2.A　主旨要义题。根据第二段第一句话Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.以及后面对该话题的论述所使用的includes,involves,required等可知该段的中心就是:如何很好地去倾听,故选A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的listening selectively,a prepared list in mind,achieve certain desired results等可以推断出在日常交流中我们倾向于有目的地、有选择地、为了达到某种想要的结果去听别人说话,故选B项。4.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句中的he or she was being truly listened to可知选B项。A、C两项文中没有提及;D项与文章相反。5.D　推理判断题。本文就如何倾听别人的话展开论述,由此推断这属于大众科学之类。A:科幻小说;B:新闻报道;C:医学报告;D:大众科学。故选D项。
长难句　The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.很好地倾听别人的话需要付出巨大的精力,以至于只有在我们甘愿尽力想去共同成长时才能做到。整个句式为so+adj.+that...如此……以至于……,that引导结果状语从句。required for listening well是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰energy。
Passage 9 (2013湖南,A) Planning a visit to the UK?Here we help with ways to cut your costs.AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events,concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of ac-commodation and make it harder to find a room.A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival(19 Oct.)cost ￡169.15 at Booking.com.A week later,the same room cost ￡118.15.If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid—or you're looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com,which allow you to search for events in the UK by city,date and category.STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train,you may want to find a good base close to the station,but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.Don't be too choosy about the part of town you stay in.Booking two months in advance,the cheap-est room at Travelodge's Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was ￡95.95.A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75.And at Farringdon,a dou-ble room cost just ￡62.95.
LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London,Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune,especially at weekends and during big events.As an alternative consider check-ing into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen.Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings.A great example is the historic O'Neill Flat on Edinburgh's Royal Mile,available for ￡420 for five days in late September,with room for four adults.GET ON A BIKE London's ‘Boris bikes’have attracted the most attention,but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace,saving you on public transport or car parking costs.Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle(casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours)and Cardiff(free for up to 30 minutes,or ￡5 per day).1.The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may　　    .A.help travelers pass timeB.attract lots of travelers to the UKC.allow travelers to make flexible plansD.cause travelers to pay more for accommodation
2.“Farringdon”in Paragraph 5 is most probably　　    .A.a hotel away from the train station B.the tube line to Covent GardenC.an ideal holiday destination D.the name of a travel agency3.The passage shows that the O'Neill Flat　　    .A.lies on the ground floorB.is located in central LondonC.provides cooking facilities for touristsD.costs over ￡100 on average per day in late September4.Cardiff's program allows a free bike for a maximum period of　　    .A.half an hour　　B.one hour C.one hour and a half　　D.two hours5.The main purpose of the passage is　　    .A.to tell visitors how to book in advanceB.to supply visitors with hotel informationC.to show visitors the importance of self-helpD.to offer visitors some money-saving tips
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为广告说明类。你计划去英国旅行吗?我们在这里为你提供减少费用的方法。1.D　细节理解题。根据AVOID BIG EVENTS“避开重大事件”中的“Big sporting events,concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation...”,可知答案为D项。2.A　推测词义题。根据语境中提到的价格呈下降趋势分析来看,宾馆的位置应该是一个比一个远,故选A项,Farringdon是一家离火车站较远的宾馆。3.C　细节理解题。根据LOOK AFTER YOURSELF部分中的a self-catering flat with its own kitchen和A great example is the historic O'Neill Flat的关系得知O'Neill Flat可以为游客提供厨房烹饪设备。4.A　细节理解题。根据最后一句中的Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes...),可知Cardiff项目提供的免费骑乘时间最多为半小时。5.D　主旨要义题。这篇文章主要为游客提供一些省钱的旅行方式。根据文章的第二句Here we help with ways to cut your costs.(在这里我们为你提供减少费用的方法。)可知选D。
Passage 10 (2013湖南,B) In my living room,there is a plaque(匾)that advises me to“Bloom(开花)where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s,when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville,Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County,Kentucky,Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan,I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the eight-mile journey,I crossed the same railroad track five times,giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains,I found it de-pressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school,all gloom(忧郁)disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom,I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had
been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner”(lunch).In case you don't know,poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild,especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child De-velopment Associate Certification,Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward,she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victo-ry,as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal,she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom(传家宝),but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.1.“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to　　    .A.a program directed by DorothyB.a course given by the authorC.an activity held by the studentsD.an organization sponsored by Union College
2.In the journey,the author was most disappointed at seeing　　    .A.the long track　　B.the poor housesC.the same train　　D.the winding road3.Upon arriving at the classroom,the author was cheered up by　　    .A.a warm welcome B.the sight of poke greensC.Dorothy's latest projects D.a big dinner made for her4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.C.She passed the required assessment.D.She received her Ph.D.degree.5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?A.Whatever you do,you must do it carefully.B.Whoever you are,you deserve equal treatment.C.However poor you are,you have the right to education.D.Wherever you are,you can accomplish your achievement.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。我在20世纪80年代的时候通过一项教育工程认识了Dorothy。我来到了Dorothy的家乡,看到了那里人们的生活条件很艰苦,但人们却很热情和努力。Dorothy的热情和努力也感染了我,使我对生活有了更深的认识。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I was teaching Early Childhood Development可知Ear-ly Childhood Development指的是作者教授的一门课程。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“作者感到了沮丧(I found it depressing)”,贫困水平令人震惊,破旧的房屋给了作者一种无比绝望的感觉(The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.)得知“作者感到失望是因为看见了破旧的房屋”。
3.A　细节理解题。第三段中提到“从到达那所小学校的第一刻起,我所有的忧郁都消失了(From the moment of my arrival at the little school,all gloom disappeared),我受到了热情的欢迎并得到了女王般的待遇(I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen)”,由此可知选A项。4.C　细节理解题。由She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.可知选C项,她通过了要求的评定条件。5.D　主旨要义题。在这篇文章中,作者主要想告诉我们的是“无论你在哪儿,你都可以取得成就”。根据第一句In my living room,there is a plaque that advises me to “Bloom where you are planted.”“哪里扎根,哪里开花”,即无论你人在哪儿,只要努力就会取得成绩。
Passage 11 (2013湖北,C) We've reached a strange—some would say unusual—point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organiza-tion(WHO),more people now die from being overweight,or say,from being extremely fat,than from being underweight.It's the good life that's more likely to kill us these days.Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be over-weight.What's going on?We really don't have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the
body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the world's most body-conscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say:it's just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans,complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food.Some also blame their parents—their genes.But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because they're normal in shape,or rather slim.It's a similar story around the world,although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say—not as I do.1.What is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence?A.The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.B.Starvation is taking more people's lives in the world.C.WHO report shows people's unawareness of food safety.D.Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO's efforts.
2.Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?A.A lot of effective diet pills are available.B.Body image has nothing to do with good food.C.They have been made fully aware of its dangers.D.There are too many overweight people in the world.3.The example of Finland is used to illustrate　　    .A.the cause of heart diseaseB.the fashion of body shapingC.the effectiveness of a campaignD.the history of a body-conscious country4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Actions or Excuses?B.Overweight or Underweight?C.WHO in a DilemmaD.No Longer Dying of Hunger
答案    [语篇解读]　本文属于说明文。题材为饮食与健康。减肥,立马行动还是找托辞呢?根据WHO最近的调查,当全球同饥饿作斗争的时候,更多的人死于过度肥胖。报告显示:生活太好更有可能夺走我们宝贵的生命。因此减肥刻不容缓。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中提到的肥胖的人要比消瘦的人死亡几率大得多,生活太好更有可能使我们死亡。由此判断第一句提到的奇怪的观点(strange point)就是指好的生活比不好的生活更具有危险性。故选A。2.C　细节理解题。由文章第三段关键信息The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001...可推测,人们已经完全意识到了过度肥胖所带来的危险。故选C。3.C　推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,进入70年代,芬兰是世界上心脏病发病率最高的国家,主要原因就是过度肥胖。根据第四段最后一句话可知,在近三十年内,全民健康运动使心脏病的发病率减少了80%。因此,引用芬兰的例子就是为了表明全民健身运动的效力。4.A　主旨要义题。文章第六段是关键信息段。我们都知道我们该做的事就是减肥,但是知易行难,一多半的人承认我们缺乏意志力。故Actions or Excuses?为标题。
Passage 12 (2013湖北,E) A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper,published this March in Psychology and Aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents(受访者)were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.The researchers found that young adults(age 18 to 39)routinely overestimated their future life satis-faction,while middle-aged adults(age 40 to 64)more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio(比率)of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,”wrote Frieder R.Lang,a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施),”the authors wrote.Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who en-joyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood,in-dividuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic,to accurate,to pes-simistic,”the authors concluded.
1.According to the study,who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?A.Optimistic adults.　　B.Middle-aged adults.C.Adults in poor health.　　D.Adults of lower income.2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people　　    .A.to fully enjoy their present life B.to estimate their contribution accuratelyC.to take measures against potential risks D.to value health more highly than wealth3.How do people of higher income see their future?A.They will earn less money. B.They will become pessimistic.C.They will suffer mental illness. D.They will have less time to enjoy life.4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.B.Good financial condition leads to good health.C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes.D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文属于说明文。题材为社会热点。德国的一项调查研究表明,人们对生活的期望值随着年龄的增加而降低。1.B　细节理解题。根据第四段信息句...while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知,中年人对未来生活的满意度预测比较准确。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第七段中Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)可以推测,悲观主义者在某些方面表现还是很积极的,因为他们会积极预防潜在的危险。故选C。3.A　细节理解题。由第八段内容可知,那些收入高的受访者的收入有可能会下降很多。ex-pecting a greater decline就是关键信息。故本题选A。4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段可知,人们对未来生活的满意度的期望会随着年龄的增加而降低。
Passage 13(2014天津,D) 词数:352People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But I used the car.And I wasn't in any hurry,either.I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness:motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的),for I was bred in the tradition of go-ing to places on my own two legs.At that time,we regarded 25 miles as a good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart.But a well-known British physician,Sir Adolphe Abrahams,pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exer-cises regularly.And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the trees,flowers,insects,birds and animals,the significance of seasons,the very feel of himself
as a living creature in a living world.He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport,but we have made it our way of life.Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more;to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light.And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.1.What is the national sickness?A.Walking too much.B.Traveling too much.C.Driving cars too much.D.Climbing stairs too much.2.What was life like when the author was young?A.People usually went around on foot.
B.People often walked 25 miles a day.C.People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D.People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.3.The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that　　    .A.middle-aged people like getting back to natureB.walking in nature helps enrich one's mindC.people need regular exercise to keep fitD.going on foot prevents heart disease4.What is compared to“a steel river”in Paragraph 6?A.A queue of cars.　　B.A ray of traffic light.C.A flash of lightning.　　D.A stream of people.5.What is the author's intention of writing this passage?A.To tell people to reflect more on life.B.To recommend people to give up driving.C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.D.To encourage people to return to walking.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。步行可以使我们更好地了解自然和自我,这一点是开车所无法带来的。1.C　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句I had merely become one more victim of a national sick-ness:motorosis.可知,国民的通病就是开车太多。2.A　细节理解题。由第三段中for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs可知,作者小时候的传统就是无论去哪里都靠两条腿,故选择A项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知,步行可以使人更好地了解自然和自我。由此可推断作者引用亨利·梭罗的例子就是为了证明步行能丰富人的思维。故选B。4.A　推测词义题。由画线词后面的内容“thundering on a concrete road在混凝土路面上轰隆隆地移动”可猜测出,作者在这里把a steel river比作川流不息的车队。5.D　主旨要义题。文章最后一段告诉我们,绿色可以净化人的心灵,步行者可以判断什么是基本和永恒的东西。由此可判断作者的写作目的是鼓励我们多步行。故选D。
Passage 14(2014山东,D)How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your perfor-mance on your phone.The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Ve-gas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or i-Phone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don't forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you're brushing long enough.“It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval would find their toothbrush
heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to $199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market.Serval says that one day,it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.B.It can track users' school performance.C.It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist.D.It can help users find their phones.2.What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3?A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.D.You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?A.It can be used to update mobile phones. B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.C.It can send messages to other users. D.It can talk to its developers.4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.5.What can we infer about Serval's children?A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth.B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?A.The brush handle will be removed. B.A mobile phone will be built into it.C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth. D.It will be able to check users' teeth.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。一位发明者发明了一种电子牙刷,它不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙,而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知这种电子牙刷可以检测你刷牙的时间和刷牙的质量,也能在手机上跟踪记录你的表现。故选A项。2.C　推理判断题。在第三段那位法国发明者Serval说:“就好像有个牙医每天都在看着你刷牙。”由此可知用这种电子牙刷刷牙犹如得到专业牙医的指导,故选C。3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知这种新发明的牙刷可以和手机上的程序连接,比如由牙刷控制的一款游戏,不仅显得智能而且还有趣。故选B项。4.D    主旨要义题。本段的中心句是第一句。Serval说他这个发明的灵感是自己做父亲的经历激发出的。所以这一段具体介绍了是什么让他有发明这种牙刷的想法,故选D项。5.A　推理判断题。第五段中Serval下班回家问孩子们是否刷牙了,孩子们说刷过了,但是Ser-val却发现牙刷头是干的。根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出来他们不愿意刷牙,故选A。6.D　细节理解题。最后一段Serval认为将来有一天有可能用带有摄像头的刷牙装置来代替有手柄的传统的牙刷头,摄像头甚至可以在你刷牙的时候检查你的牙洞。所以答案应为D项。
Passage 15(2014安徽,D)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?In order to answer this question,we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the his-toric feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However,there may be other reasons—for example,economic(经济的)reasons—why they should be preserved.So,let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.Indeed,there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dom-inate(影响)its surroundings too much,it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the area they are in,but
the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still speak against new buildings in his-toric areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copying previous ar-chitectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A.Some of them are not attractive.B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
2.Which of the following is true according to the author?A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.3.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph,the author probably means“　　    .”A.destroy old buildingsB.put things in a different placeC.choose new architectural stylesD.respect people's feelings for historical buildings4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain why people dislike change.B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文,讨论了现代建筑如何与古建筑和谐共存。在作者看来,既要保证城市的发展,又要保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知选A。2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知古建筑有时候也会与其所处的环境不协调。故选C。3.C　推测词义题。根据画线部分后面的两句话,特别是关键词“Choose something fresh and different”可知答案选C。4.D　主旨要义题。根据全文可知作者认为:在有历史意义的地区,既要保证城市的发展又要保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。所以D项正确。
Passage 16(2014辽宁,B) (Q=Question;A=Answer)Situation ⅠQ:If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater,is it rude to move?A:Maybe,but nobody will fault you for it.Chances are that the close sitter doesn't realize he dis-turbs you,so he may miss your annoyance.You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room.Forgive his bad judgment,move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation ⅡQ:If I use the bathroom at a store,do I need to buy something?A:Consider frequency and urgency.Is this a one-time thing or an emergency?If so,you don't have to buy anything,but it would be kind if you did.However,if you regularly use the bathroom at this place,then you are a customer,and you should act like one.Situation ⅢQ:If someone is talking loudly on the bus,is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?A:No.Try other means:1)Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.2)Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile.3)Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation ⅣQ:If I remember my friend's birthday a day late,should I apologize or just wish her a happy birth-day like nothing happened?A:This is the reason why the word belated was invented.“Happy belated birthday!”is short for:“Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me and happy birthday.”Situation ⅤQ:Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复)to it?A:Don't lie.Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve?“Yes,”you can say if ever asked,“I saw it.”No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.1.You will get annoyed in a theater when　　    .A.a person is too activeB.a person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you
2.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angrily at him.3.The underlined word “belated” in Situation Ⅳ probably means　　    .A.predicted　　B.returned　　C.cancelled　　D.delayed4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others' manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。主要介绍了在几种情况下人们的礼貌做法。1.D　细节理解题。根据Situation Ⅰ中的Chances are that the close sitter doesn't realize he dis-turbs you,so he may miss your annoyance.可知“在电影院里,当有人坐得离你太近的时候你可能会感到有点生气或恼火”。2.B　细节理解题。由Situation Ⅲ中Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.可知选B。3.D    推测词义题。根据Situation IV语境中的“迟到的祝贺”,得知画线词belated“迟来的”相当于delayed(延迟的)。4.A    主旨要义题。根据全文对几种行为礼仪情况的建议,得知本文的主旨要义为A选项——注意行为礼仪的现代方法。
Passage 17(2014四川,B)In 1943,when I was 4,my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene,Idaho,to Fairbanks,Alaska,where adventure was never very far away.We arrived in the summer,just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,so she didn't care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I usually man-aged to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going.The smoke got pret-ty bad,though,and when I made my exit,a crowd and the police were there to greet me.The police-men took my matches and drove me home.Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me,and they did!I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadn't turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten,the serious cold began to set in.Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala,famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者),I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I didn't realize what a super-star he was,but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.In 1950,we moved back to Coeur d'Alene,but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.1.What can be inferred about the author's family?A.His father was a cruel man.B.His parents didn't love him.C.His parents used to be very busy.D.His mother didn't have any jobs.2.What happened when the author was 4?A.He learned to smoke.B.He was locked in a basement.
C.He was arrested by the police.D.He nearly caused a fire accident.3.Which of the following is true?A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C.Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.4.What is the author's purpose of writing the text?A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.D.To show off his pride in making trouble.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为个人成长经历。在我很小的时候就随着父母来到了阿拉斯加,我在这儿有过很多次的冒险经历。4岁的时候因为放火差点“蹲监狱”,上幼儿园后坐Leonhard的狗拉着的雪橇。离开那儿8年后我们又回到那儿参加了一次老邻居的聚会。1.C    推理判断题。根据第三段的描述“爸妈忙于工作没时间管我,于是我就自己去找一些麻烦”可推断出作者的父母当时很忙,所以答案为C项。A、B两项文中没有提及;D项与原文意思不符。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的描述“我试图点燃一桶油漆,可是火没有真的着起来,倒是冒出了很多的烟,就连警察都到了现场”可知在作者4岁那年差点引起一场火灾,所以答案为D项。A、B两项文中没有提及;而C项与原文意思不符。3.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的描述“那个时候我不知道他到底是多大的一个超级明星,但是我分明记得他驾驶雪橇的技术很好”可知答案为A项。1950年也就是作者11岁的时候就搬离了阿拉斯加,排除B项;1950年后作者又回了那儿一次而不是经常回去,排除C项;文中没有提及那次坐雪橇给作者带来了什么伤害,排除D项。
4.A　主旨要义题。作者写本文是在回忆自己在阿拉斯加度过的那段充满冒险的童年时光,通过几个印象深刻的例子突出了作者对那段时光的留恋,所以答案为A项。B项:描写阿拉斯加的极端天气;C项:表达自己是多么想念Leonhard;D项:为了炫耀自己惹事带来的自豪感。这些都是其中回忆的几个细节,综合起来才是真正的写作目的。
长难句　Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,so she didn't care much about my bedtime.半夜在园子里干活往往把她的时间给耗光了,于是她对我上床睡觉的时间就不那么在意了。连词so连接两个并列分句。第一个分句的主语是动名词形式,谓语动词是tend,后加不定式。
Passage 18(2014重庆,A) I was never very neat,while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place,but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled(贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time,Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over,and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon,I heard her screaming,“Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!”Deafened,I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation,I could tell right away her grandma
was seriously ill.When she hung up,she quickly crawled(爬)under her covers,sobbing.Obviously,that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly,I collected the pencils,took back the books,made my bed,cleaned the socks and swept the floor,even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up.She was watching,her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then,she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me,“Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn't always agree,but we learned the key to living together:giving in,cleaning up and holding on.1.What made Kate so angry one evening?A.She couldn't find her books.B.She heard the author shouting loud.C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.D.She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
2.The author tidied up the room most probably because　　    .A.she was scared by Kate's angerB.she hated herself for being so messyC.she wanted to show her careD.she was asked by Kate to do so3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By showing differences.C.By describing a process.D.By following time order.4.What might be the best title for the story?A.My Friend Kate　　B.Hard Work Pays OffC.How to Be Organized　　D.Learning to Be Roommates
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为社会生活类。“我”和“我”的室友Kate的生活习惯截然相反:“我”邋里邋遢,而她干干净净,终于我们之间爆发了战争。不过我们还是找到了解决问题的办法:让步、清理和坚持。1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!可知是因为作者的鞋子跑到了Kate的床底下才让她发那么大的火,所以答案为D项。2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.可以推断出作者开始打扫房间是出于对Kate的同情和关爱,想让她知道自己对她的事情是关心的,所以答案为C项。其他三项与情景不符。3.B　细节理解题。第一段描述了“我”和室友Kate在日常生活中的不同做法和习惯,列举了生活中的几个对比明显的例子,所以第一段是描写和展示了“我”们之间的区别,故答案为B项。4.D　主旨要义题。本文前几段描述了“我”和室友之间的差异以及由此导致的矛盾冲突。文章最后一段描述了“我”们通过这些策略还是成了要好的室友,由此可知本文的主题应该是:学会做好室友。答案为D项。
Passage 19(2014湖北,C)Working with a group of baboons(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anx-ious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt,but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect,despite being made aware of what to do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may per-form poorly in cognitive(认知的)tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,in-formation may not travel between all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.B.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.C.The design of Dr.Carter's research.D.The results of Dr.Carter's research.
2.According to the research,which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A.Those that feel anxious about learning.B.Those that like to work independently.C.Those that can avoid potential risks.D.Those that have more experience.3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.B.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.4.Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through　　    .A.travelling between social groupsB.understanding different peopleC.learning from each otherD.storing information
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。题材为科普知识类。Alecia Carter博士对狒狒的学习行为进行研究后发现:性格对动物的社会学习行为有很重要的影响。1.C　主旨要义题。第一段主要介绍了Alecia Carter博士是如何对狒狒进行研究的。故选C项。2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,对学习感到焦虑的狒狒能通过观察其他狒狒的行为而进行学习。故选A项。3.B    推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知:一些动物在完成认知任务时表现不佳不是因为它们不够聪明,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用群居的信息。故选B项。4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知社会文化可以通过相互学习而形成。故选C项。
长难句　The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.这些发现非常重要,因为它们表明动物在完成认知任务时表现不佳不是因为它们不够聪明所以解决不了任务,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而导致不去使用群居的信息。本句中的because they suggest...information为原因状语从句,在此原因状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中又含有由not...but结构连接的两个并列的由because引导的原因状语从句。
Passage 20 (2015安徽,E) Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread,whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table,is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread,so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States,pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece,peo-ple share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake,which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food can play a significant
role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.1.According to the passage,sharing bread　　    .A.indicates a lack of food B.can help to develop unityC.is a custom unique to rural areas D.has its roots in birthday celebrations2.What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?A.Trust.　　B.Success. C.Health.　　D.Togetherness.3.The author explains the role of food in celebrations by　　    .A.using examples　　B.making comparisonsC.analyzing causes　　D.describing processes4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The custom of sharing food. B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies. D.The importance of food in culture.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会文化类。主要介绍了食物在文化交流中的重要意义。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知,分享食物是人类的一种传统,它可以促进团结、增进信任。故选B。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句话可知,在希腊如果吃到放入vasilopita中的硬币,预示着来年将获得成功。故选B。3.A　推理判断题。第三段作者提出观点后,接着列举了两个例子,解释了食物在庆祝新年中的作用。故选A。4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可知,本文主要介绍了食物在文化中的重要意义。故选D。
评析　本题考查归纳主旨要义的能力。理清文章结构,抓住中心句是突破这类题的重要方法之一。文章第一段开篇介绍了食物在人际交流中发挥作用。文章最后一段对全文进行总结,再次点题:食物在世界各地的文化中都起着重要的作用。由此可确定正确答案。
A组  2017—2019年高考模拟·考点基础题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京西城一模,B)词数:437　　Three months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, then 24, a photojournalist for Fredericksburg photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining water-spotted photo al-bums. As she took the photo, something within her clicked. “I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored photos,” she recalls. Although a bit sceptical, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to the couple at their temporary home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says Rebecca.When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore damaged photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the newspaper, the two set up a shop in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Re-becca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture,
then used high-tech software to erase water spots and restore colors. It just so happened that a pop-ular website linked to Dave's blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restora-tion experts, eager to help.Though the digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending irreplaceable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out piles of ruined photo albums af-ter Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldn't bear to part with a few treasured pictures, including a portrait of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her hus-band as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I didn't have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. “Almost every day I think about all the pictures I've lost. I'm so happy to have these two.”In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures ruined by floods, hurricanes and tornadoes. Volunteers make “copy runs” to disaster areas across the country to gather damaged photos from survivors;operating costs are covered by donations. “It's great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Moments
like that remind me why I do this.”1.When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to　　    .A.take them to their temporary homeB.help with their damaged photosC.set up a shop in Pass ChristianD.cover Hurricane Katrina2.From Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca　　    .A.quit their jobs in 2006B.inspired volunteers to join themC.spent four days mending the photosD.made their work known in their newspaper3.How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue?A.Excited.　　B.Hopeless. C.Satisfied.　　D.Sceptical.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Surviving Hurricanes B.An Act of GenerosityC.Saving Memories D.A Lucky Couple
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文,讲述了卡特里娜飓风之后Rebecca和Dave帮助人们修复在灾难中受损的照片从而留存美好记忆的故事。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的“I told them I could take the ruined pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored photos,”可知,Rebecca决定帮助这对夫妇修复在灾难中受损的照片,因此本题选B。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave's blog about the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue, as it came to be known, had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.可知Dave和Rebecca激励了很多志愿者加入他们一起修复照片,故选B。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段倒数第三句Emily说的话“I didn't have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,”可推知Emily对于修复照片本来没抱什么希望,但没想到他们竟然成功了,所以她一开始的态度是怀疑的,故选D。4.C　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“It's great to be able to give people some of their history back,”says Rebecca.可知主人公帮助人们找回一些他们的历史,是在帮助人们留存记忆,因此本题选C。
高级语块　1.set up 创建;开办　2.couldn't bear to do sth. 不能忍受做某事　3.pass away 去世
长难句　Though the digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending irreplaceable family pic-tures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out piles of ruined photo al-bums after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved.尽管电子修复是一个艰难的过程,但是修复那些不可替代的家庭照片对于像Emily Lancaster这样的受害者来说意义重大,她今年71岁,在经历了卡特里娜飓风之后拿出来很多被毁坏的相册,从没想过这些照片还能有救。本句是个主从复合句。主句中mending irreplaceable family pictures为动名词短语作主语;who took out...为定语从句修饰Emily Lancaster;never thinking...为现在分词短语作状语。
ers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee's face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person's name, and links to his or her social media pro-file. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users' data after an event.Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app's creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosi-
a, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone's face, from either the smart-phone's camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user's phone, according to the team behind the app.1.SocialRecall is used to　　    .A.take photos　　B.identify peopleC.organize events　　D.make friends2.Paragraph 3 is mainly about　　    .A.how the app worksB.how the app was createdC.what makes the app popularD.what people can do with the app
3.SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by　　    .A.giving names to the photos kept in their smartphonesB.collecting information previously entered in the phoneC.providing the information of a person when they first meetD.showing the person's information when it spots a stored face4.What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?A.It may put people's privacy at risk.B.It has caused unintended consequences.C.It can prevent some communication disorders.D.It is praised by users for its protective measures.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文,介绍了一款在大型聚会上能识别人脸的app,并提出了人们对于这个软件可能泄露个人隐私的担忧。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal in-troductions.可知这个应用是用来识别人脸的,和B选项中的identify people对应,故选B。2.A　主旨要义题。根据该段首句中的关键词After receiving an invitation to download Social-Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media.可知这段具体介绍了这个应用是如何使用的,因此本题选A。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed.可知当相机发现了真实生活中相同的面孔时,之前输入的信息就会展现出来,和D选项中的陈述一致,故选D。
4.A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句话She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be un-intended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.可知,隐私专家提醒,当人们选择用这个应用分享他们的个人信息时,他们就应该知道,将来这些信息被用在别的情况下,有可能会有无法预料的结果,A选项说这个软件可能会让个人隐私处于风险中,表述相符,因此本题选A。
高级语块　1.come to the rescue 挽救　2.break down 消除　3.sign in 签到　4.down the road 今后,在将来
长难句　The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and fa-cial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. 这个叫作SocialRecall的应用软件,通过智能手机中的相机和面部识别将名字和人脸联系起来,这潜在地避免了正式介绍的需要。called SocialRecall是插入语,对app进行补充说明;avoiding...是现在分词短语作状语,表示自然而然的结果。
Passage 3 (2019北京海淀第一学期期中, B)词数:384Flower PowerWhen her grandmother's health began to worsen last autumn, Mary would make the drive from Washington D.C. to Winchester, every few days.She hated highway driving, finding it ugly and boring. She preferred to take winding country roads to her grandmother's hospital. When she drove through the rocky town of Harpers Ferry, the beauty of the rough waters was always appealing to her.Toward the end of her journey, Mary had to get on Highway 81.It was here that she discovered a surprising bit of beauty during one of her trips. Along the shoulder of the highway, there was a long stretch of wild flowers. They were thin and delicate and purple, and moved back and forth in the wind as if whispering poems to each other.
The first time she saw the flowers, Mary was seized by an uncontrollable urge to pull over on the highway and pull a bunch from the soil. She carried them into her grandmother's room when she arrived at the hospital and placed them in a vase by her bed.For a moment, her grandmother seemed more lucid(清醒的)than usual. She thanked Mary for the flowers, commented on their beauty and asked where she had gotten them. Mary was overjoyed by the ability of the flowers to wake something up inside her sick grandmother.Afterwards, Mary began carrying scissors in the car during her trips to visit her grandmother. She would quickly glide onto the shoulder, jump out of the car and clip a bunch of flowers. Each time Mary placed the flowers in the vase, her grandmother's eyes would light up and they would have a splendid conversation.One morning in late October, Mary got a call that her grandmother had taken a turn for the worse. Mary was in such a hurry to get to her grandmother that she sped past her flower spot. She decided to turn around, head several miles back, and cut a bunch of flowers.
Mary arrived at the hospital to find her grandmother very weak and unresponsive. She placed the flowers in the vase and sat down to hold her grandmother's hand. She felt a squeeze on her fin-gers. It was the last conversation they had.1.Mary preferred to take country roads to the hospital because she could　　    .A.get on Highway 81 more easilyB.pick wild flowers for her grandmotherC.enjoy the natural view along the roadsD.spend less time driving to the destination2.When Mary placed the flowers by her grandmother's bed, her grandmother　　    .A.was overjoyed by the flowersB.commented on Mary's beautyC.came alive at the sight of the flowersD.was curious about the type of the flowers
3.From the passage, we know that　　    .A.Mary discovered the wild flowers along the country roadsB.Mary's last conversation with her grandmother was a silent oneC.Mary headed several miles back because she sped past the hospitalD.Mary's grandmother had passed away before she arrived at the hospital4.What does the passage convey to us?A.Beauty in nature can be powerful.B.Love has no beginning or ending.C.Life is as beautiful as summer flowers.D.Flowers have the magic to cure diseases.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。文章讲述了玛丽一次次采摘鲜花探望祖母的故事。故事以玛丽的祖母安详离开为结局,浓浓的亲情却未曾消逝。1.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段前两句She hated highway driving, finding it ugly and bor-ing. She preferred to take winding country roads to her grandmother's hospital.可知作者讨厌在高速路上驾驶是因为它很无趣,由此可以推断,在作者看来乡间小路则更有趣。四个选项中只有C最贴近。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中描写的祖母的一系列反应可知当她看到花以后立即精神了起来。A选项的错误原因是,是玛丽感到overjoyed,不是祖母;B选项的错误原因是,祖母评价花美而非玛丽美;D选项所述内容文章未提及。因此应选C。3.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段She felt a squeeze on her fingers.她感到祖母握了握自己的手,这是她们唯一的交流,并没有任何交谈。因此B选项表述正确。4.A　主旨要义题。根据文章标题以及祖母看到花时的愉悦表现可知,A选项最能表现本文的主旨。B选项没有提到花,C选项的核心词是beautiful,与文章标题不符,D选项中cure是治愈的意思,但是祖母没能被治愈,综上应该选A。
高级语块　1.pull over使(车辆)停靠在路边　2.comment on评论
长难句　They were thin and delicate and purple, and moved back and forth in the wind as if whispering poems to each other.紫色的花朵纤细而精致,它们在风中前后摇曳,仿佛在对彼此吟诵诗句。as if引导方式状语从句,意思是“好像……”,此处省略了主语和谓语,完整形式为as if they were whispering poems to each other.
Passage 4 (2019北京海淀二模,B)词数:363On March 25, 2010, Kate and David heard the words every parent dreads: Their newborn wasn't going to make it. Their twins—a girl and a boy—were born two minutes apart and 14 weeks pre-mature, weighing just over two pounds each. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minutes but saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone, and he'd stopped breathing. The baby had just moments to live.“I saw him gasp (喘息), but the doctor said it was no use,” Kate told the Daily Mail five years later. “I know it sounds stupid, but if he was still gasping, that was a sign of life. I wasn't going to give up easily.”Still, the couple knew this was likely a goodbye. In an effort to cherish her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to hold him.“I wanted to meet him and let him know us,” Kate told Today. “We'd resigned ourselves to
the fact that we were going to lose him, and we were just trying to make the most of those last, precious moments.”Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and asked David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin contact would improve his condition. They also talked to him.“We were trying to persuade him to stay,” Kate told the Daily Mail. “We explained his name and that he had a twin that he had to look out for and how hard we had tried to have him.”Then something miraculous happened. Jamie gasped again—and then he started breathing. Finally, he reached for his father's finger.The couple's lost boy had made it.“We're the luckiest people in the world,” David told Today.Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and healthy. The couple only recently told the kids the story of their birth. “Emily burst into tears,” Kate said. “She was really upset, and she kept hugging Jamie. This whole experience makes me cherish them more.”
1.What can we learn about the newborn babies?A.The boy's heart had stopped beating.B.The boy was 2 minutes older than the girl.C.The twins were born 14 weeks before the due date.D.The twins were expected to live for only 20 minutes.2.When the couple knew they would lose the boy, they 　　    .A.begged the doctor to save him B.took his shirt off and then put him in bed C.wrapped him with his blanket to keep him warmD.talked to him and made close physical contact with him3.What's the best title for the passage?A.The Power of Hug.B.The Miracle of Love.C.The Bond Between Twins.D.The Responsibility of Parents.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了早产的Jamie本已被医生判定无法生存,最后在家人爱的呼唤和拥抱下活下来的奇迹。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Their twins—a girl and a boy—were born two min-utes apart and 14 weeks premature, weighing just over two pounds each.可知,双胞胎在预产期之前14周就出生了,故选C。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and asked David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. The first-time parents wanted their son to be as warm as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin con-tact would improve his condition. They also talked to him.可知,父母和新生儿说话,和他进行身体接触,希望这种方式能让他好起来,同D项表述一致,故选D。3.B　主旨要义题。从开头医生宣布孩子已经活不了很久,婴儿已经停止呼吸,到后来父母用爱让孩子又活了过来,这是一个奇迹,The Miracle of Love扣题,故选B。
高级语块　1.make it幸免于难;渡过难关2.resign oneself to sth. 听任;只好接受3.make the most of sth. 充分利用4.burst into tears 突然大哭
长难句　Kate unwrapped the boy, whom the couple had already named Jamie, from his hospital blanket and asked David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. 凯特把这个男孩从医院的毯子里抱出来,之前已经给这个孩子取好名字叫杰米,凯特让戴维脱掉衬衫和她一起抱抱杰米。whom引导非限制性定语从句修饰the boy。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京海淀第一学期期末, C)词数:431How to Make Friends, According to ScienceFriendship is one of life's most important features, and one too often taken for granted.The human desire for companionship may feel boundless, but research suggests that our social cap-ital is finite—we can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure the size of people's social networks;these have re-turned estimates ranging from about 250 to about 5,500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average person's friend group at about 121 people. However vast our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may be shrinking: From 1998 to 2017, the average number of trusted friends decreased from three to two. This is both sad and of important consequence, because people who have strong social relation-ships tend to live longer than those who don't.
So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, don't refuse to consider the humble acquaintance(交情). Even interacting with people who has weak social ties has a meaningful influence on well-being. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to a casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend.If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Re-connected friends can quickly recapture the trust they previously built, while offering each other a dash of novelty (新奇) drawn from whatever they've been up to in the meantime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you don't know that well. Self-disclosure makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have re-vealed our soul.Longing for closeness and connection is common and everywhere, which suggests that most of us
are stumbling through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumblers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend.1.From Paragraph 2, we can know that　　    .A.a strong social relationship can guarantee a long lifeB.real friendships are based on the exchange of presentsC.people's inner circle is decreasing despite large social networksD.people's social networks depend on their desire for companionship2.What does the author suggest to improve one's social life?A.Sharing secrets with close friends.B.Choosing likable people as friends.C.Avoiding the humble acquaintance.D.Spending time for deeper friendships.
3.What is the passage mainly about?A.The tips on how to develop friendship.B.The reasons for seeking companionship.C.The benefits brought by a good social life.D.The relationship between friendship and happiness.4.The author helps readers better understand his idea mainly by　　    .A.using research resultsB.making comparisonsC.giving some examplesD.telling personal stories
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。作者用了很多研究的结果告诉读者该如何扩大交际圈,交到更多的朋友。1.C　主旨要义题。根据第二段第四句However vast our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. 和第六句中Moreover, that number may be shrinking可知,尽管人们的社交网很大,但是自己内心的圈子却越来越小。因此选择C项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time.可知,建立更深的友谊在很大程度上需要投入时间,故本题选择D项。3.A　主旨要义题。根据文章标题以及内容可知,作者给出了一些有着科学依据的建议来帮助读者扩大交际圈,交更多的朋友,故选A。4.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句The human desire for companionship may feel boundless, but research suggests that our social capital is finite...第三段第二句Here the research is instructive.以及第六句A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that...可知作者用了很多研究中的数据来告诉读者该如何做,故本题选择A项。
高级语块　1.take...for granted认为……是理所当然2.a dash of 少许,一点儿　3.long for 渴望,想要　4.set aside 把……抛在脑后
长难句　A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of so-cializing to go from acquaintance to a casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend. 堪萨斯大学最近的一项研究发现从熟人变成普通朋友需要大约50个小时的社交,再发展成为真正的朋友需要另外40个小时,要变成亲密的朋友则总共需要200个小时。It takes+一段时间+to do sth.表示“做某事需要多长时间”。
Passage 2 (2019北京东城第一学期期末, C)词数:419Why Black Friday Shoppers Still Crowd StoresTo many of us, the ideas of rushing out to a superstore the day after Thanksgiving is appealing. Why would anyone race to crowded stores when they could stay with family, or watch college football? We can't say we know the answer for sure. But we do feel amazed at those who pour in-to stores looking for Black Friday bargains. Seemingly, nothing can stop them. Not the weather. Not the crowds. And not the fact that hurrying to a store in the age of instant e-commerce seems so outdated.To be sure, holiday shopping habits do appear to be shifting. The National Retail (零售) Federation has stopped breaking up its holiday sales numbers by whether they come from e-tail purchases or from physical stores. It's a pretty good sign that retailers don't want to bring further attention to the declining fortunes of brick-and-mortar sites.But there is no denying that people still love going to stores. Actual shopping in actual places re-mains an important part of the holiday ceremony for millions of Americans. To many, it's the dif-ference between playing a sport and playing a video game. As commercial as stores may be, they
are still places where actual human beings interact. In a store, the “courageous” shopper per-forms the approving act of finding a present. That item might be heavily promoted by the store, but it doesn't drop into one's cart. It is picked up and examined before a decision is made. Maybe it gets put back on the shelf when the shopper changes his or her mind. Maybe there is a conversation with a sales clerk. The process is not that different than it would have been decades ago.Online, the shopper has barely logged in before being faced with disturbing algorithmic (大数据的) suggestions based on earlier purchases. This hardly qualifies as shopping. This hardly qualifies as thinking.Perhaps we are reading too much into the Black Friday phenomenon. But we suspect one reason Black Friday remains is that it involves an act of resistance against the Internet age. That would hardly be unreasonable. There aren't many studies showing that time spent in stores is bad for one's health, while there are quite a few drawing a link between time spent online and depression. Perhaps the people crowding into stores aren't the crazy ones after all.1.What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A.Physical stores are not so popular as before.B.People spend more on Black Friday bargains.
C.Americans have an unhealthy shopping habit.D.Goods in stores are cheaper than those online.2.According to the author, people love to go holiday shopping because　　    .A.they feel tired of shopping onlineB.they think it is good for their healthC.they hope to pass down the holiday traditionD.they can have real communication with others3.What does the author think of the Black Friday phenomenon?A.Puzzling.　　B.Unusual.C.Out-of-date.　　D.Understandable.4.What is mainly discussed in the passage?A.The psychology of shopping.B.The development of retailing.C.The influences of e-commerce.D.The features of holiday economy.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。文章对比了实体店购物和网络购物,进一步阐述在网络购物如此流行的今天,黑色星期五现象为何还如此流行。1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句It's a pretty good sign that retailers don't want to bring further attention to the declining fortunes of brick-and-mortar sites.可知实体店的销售额正在下降,因此选择A项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句As commercial as stores may be, they are still places where actual human beings interact.可知大家愿意去商店购物,因为可以面对面和真实的人交流,故选D。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话Perhaps the people crowding into stores aren't the crazy ones after all.可推知对比网上购物,作者认为黑色星期五现象还是可以理解的,因此本题选D项。4.A　主旨要义题。根据文章标题Why Black Friday Shoppers Still Crowd Stores以及本文主要对比了实体店购物和网上购物的不同可知选A。
高级语块　1.brick-and-mortar实体的　2.log in登录,注册
长难句　There aren't many studies showing that time spent in stores is bad for one's health, while there are quite a few drawing a link between time spent online and depression.并没有很多研究表明花太长时间在商店里对人的健康有害,但有不少研究将上网时间和抑郁联系起来。本句中while连接两句话,表示前后句的对比。
Passage 3 (2018北京石景山第一学期期末, B)词数:282Where to DrinkCafe San BernardoJoin table-tennis and pool-playing port. Cafe San Bernardo has been running since 1912. The Villa Crespo dive bar also offers up table football for ￡4 an hour. Service is efficient;with last orders at 5 am. The daily happy hour between 6 pm and 9 pm includes 60 minutes playing your game of choice, plus a half bottle of red wine and a corn pie, for ￡9.•Avenue Corrientes 5436, Villa Crespo, 5411 4855 3956, cafesanbernardo.comM Salumeria & EnotecaTrading only in wine with a story, sommelier(侍酒师)Mariana Torta chooses new ways on a daily basis, and keeps a list of around 250 labels. There's no wine menu—simply take your bottle from the shelf.•Open 11:00 am—11:30 pm, El Salvador 5777, Palermo Hollywood, 5411 4778 9016, on Face-book
Negro Cueva de CafeCoffee has found its place in Buenos Aires. While LAB:Tostadores, the Shelter and Coffee Town are famous new places, Negro Cueva de Cafe is one of the best bars. It serves Ecuadorian, Colom-bian and Brazilian beans and its attracting cakes include croissants.•Open 9:30 am—7:00 pm, Suipacha 637, Microcentro, 5411 4322 3000, negrocuevadecafe.comLa CalleHead to the Niceto Vega address and you'll be faced with a pizza.Don't worry, it's the right place. La Guitarrita is the front to “hidden” bar La Calle. Order the house cocktail, special can-dy, and prepare to sing until dawn with a high-energy young crowd.•Open 8:00 pm—2:00 am, Niceto Vega 4942, Palermo Soho, 5411 3914 1972, on Facebook
1.Which number should you call if you are an addict of Columbian coffee flavour?A.5411 4855 3956.　　B.5411 4778 9016.C.5411 4322 3000.　　D.5411 3914 1972.2.What makes La Calle different?A.Allowing you to play games.B.Having no wine menu.C.Opening for the longest time.D.Having special candy.3.The author's purpose of writing the passage is　　    . A.to show wine cultureB.to help people choose drinksC.to introduce some barsD.to show how to enjoy yourself
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个提供饮品的地方。1.C　细节理解题。根据Nergo Cueva de Cafe的信息It serves Ecuadorian, Colombian and Brazilian beans可知本题选C项。2.D　细节理解题。根据La Calle的信息Order the house cocktail, special candy...可知本题选D。3.C　主旨要义题。根据文章题目和文章中的小标题可知选择C项。
高级语块　1.on a daily basis每天2.head to 前往
长难句　The daily happy hour between 6 pm and 9 pm includes 60 minutes playing your game of choice, plus a half bottle of red wine and a corn pie, for ￡9.每天的欢乐一小时在晚上6点到9点之间,包括60分钟玩你选择的游戏,而且9美元就可以买半瓶红酒和一个玉米派。between 6 pm and 9 pm 为定语修饰The daily happy hour;plus a half bottle of red wine and a corn pie, for ￡9为介宾短语作状语。
Passage 4 (2018北京丰台第一学期期末, A)词数:329Dear students of Star Middle School,As your student council president, I am writing to ask for your support to start the Count-Your-Steps walking program. Mr. Stewart Thomas, a parent of two students at Star Middle School, first came up with the idea. Mr. Thomas is a fan of walking and wants to encourage others to appreciate the activity. He shared his idea with our principal, Ms. Howser, who immediately agreed that we should try it.Ms. Howser contacted the other middle schools in the district, and all the teachers eagerly adopted the program. Now a team of Count-Your-Steps organizers made up of representatives from the middle schools, has established the program's goal:to increase awareness of the benefits of walk-ing. Organizers want middle school students to accept this challenge and make walking one of their daily activities.The program has clear guidelines. Interested participants must only commit to recording the num-ber of steps taken daily. Ms. Earley, the assistant principal, will give each of us a log for recording our steps and a pedometer, which is a small, digital tool used to count the steps of the person wear-
ing it. All participants need to do each day is to wear the pedometer, walk as much as possible, and then record the number of steps in our logs. Clearly, the process is simple and convenient.While the benefits of walking are multiple, this challenge offers all who participate an opportunity to work together, achieve success, and make positive changes. Remember that the other schools in the district are signed up for the Count-Your-Steps too, and each one will try to take more steps than our school. I hope many will agree to this challenge and show everyone the Star Middle School Cougar Spirit.Please take into careful consideration this valuable and well-planned program, and then sign up to-day! In the words of Mr. Thomas, “Together we can enjoy the advantages of walking.” Sincerely, Cora Jeffries1.　　     firstly suggested the Count-Your-Steps walking program.A.Mr. Thomas　　B.Ms. EarleyC.Ms. Howser 　　D.Cora Jeffries
2.The goal of the Count-Your-Steps walking program is to 　　    .A.show the school spiritB.make friends with othersC.develop a habit of runningD.appreciate the benefits of walking3.The pedometer is used to 　　    .A.find the routesB.record the daysC.number the stepsD.count the walkers4.The purpose of the passage is to 　　    .A.introduce school rulesB.call on students to join a programC.explain the guidelinesD.persuade students to buy a pedometer
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是应用文。星星高中学生会主席号召学生们参与计步走项目。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Mr. Stewart Thomas, a parent of two students at Star Middle School, first came up with the idea.可知本题选A。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句中的the program's goal: to increase awareness of the benefits of walking可知本题选D项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句中的a pedometer, which is a small, digital tool used to count the steps of the person wearing it可知本题选C项。4.B　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的sign up today可知文章的目的是号召学生参加项目。
高级语块　1.commit to 承诺2.take sth. into consideration 考虑某事
长难句　Ms. Earley, the assistant principal, will give each of us a log for recording our steps and a pedometer, which is a small, digital tool used to count the steps of the person wearing it.副校长Earley女士会给我们每人一本日志用来记录步数和一个计步器,计步器是一个小的数码工具用来数携带它的人所走的步数。the assistant principal是Ms. Earley的同位语;which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰pedometer;used to...为过去分词短语作定语,修饰tool,其中to count the steps of the person wearing it为不定式短语作目的状语。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京海淀第一学期期末, B)词数:343While your competitors are still waiting for the water to warm up, you could be giving your dragon boat season a jump start with a paddling vacation in Orlando, Florida. Spring camp is suitable for all ages and levels, perfect for those looking for a break from the ordinary (or cold) while enjoying the sport of dragon boat with like-minded people.The 2018 Florida Training Camp promises to be a week of fun and fitness on and off the water. Register as a team, small group or individual, with customizable(可定做的) add-ons for those looking to give an edge to their personal performance. The week will close out on Saturday with a camp BBQ and a racing regatta! Opening festivities begin on the evening of Sunday April 15th with camp check-in. Training begins on Monday April 16th and ends on Saturday April 21st.GWN FLORIDA TRAINING CAMPDates:Monday April 16th to Saturday April 21st, 2018
Price:$395, $370 before January 19th, 2018Features include:·Daily schedule·Twice daily dragon boat training sessions ·Daily video analysis·Individual help (twice weekly) ·Additional daily group sessions·Camp-sponsored socialsCUSTOMIZE YOUR CAMP EXPERIENCEThe options outlined below are available during the week of camp and can be booked as an add-on. Add-ons can be included in your initial registration or purchased at a later time through the online registration system. Option 1:High Performance Program, Cost:$75If you want to learn how to move your boat faster, then the High Performance program is for you!
This option consists of three one-hour sessions completely focused on racing techniques, strate-gies, and drills, with the goal of increasing your overall speed.Option 2:Coaching Community Dragon Boat (Level 1), Cost:$175This course is intended for anyone interested in entry-level coaching. Expect the material included in the course to cover safety, ethics(道德) in coaching, coach-athlete communication, basic dragon boat technique, basic physiological requirements of dragon boat racing, race and practice planning, plus more. 1.According to the passage, 　　    in this camp.A.you will enjoy a BBQ at the openingB.you need to be over 18C.you should have some dragon boat skillsD.you can have fun on land2.How much does the camp with Option 1 cost if you pay at the end of 2017?A.$370.　　B.$395.　　C.$445.　　D.$470.
3.We can learn from the passage that　　    .A.Option 1 includes a three-hour sessionB.add-ons can be bought during registrationC.Option 2 is for those fond of advanced coachingD.the video analysis is covered in the coaching course4.The purpose of the passage is to　　    .A.recommend an upcoming training campB.introduce the options in a training camp C.provide ideas about how to spend a vacationD.offer advice on how to win in dragon boat races
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文,介绍了2018年佛罗里达州龙舟集训营的相关信息。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句The 2018 Florida Training Camp promises to be a week of fun and fitness on and off the water.可知本题选择D项。2.C　推理判断题。根据Price:$395, $370 before January 19th, 2018以及Option 1:High Perfor-mance Program, Cost: $75可知价格为$370+$75=$445,故选C项。3.B　细节理解题。根据Add-ons can be included in your initial registration or purchased at a lat-er time through the online registration system. 可知本题选B项。4.A　主旨要义题。根据第一段以及文章介绍的具体信息可知本文在向读者推荐一个龙舟集训营。
高级语块　1.give an edge to 给……加分,使增强2.consist of包括
长难句　This option consists of three one-hour sessions completely focused on racing techniques, strategies, and drills, with the goal of increasing your overall speed.这一选项包括三节一小时课程,完全集中在比赛技巧、策略以及操练上,其目标就是要提高你的整体速度。focused on...为过去分词短语作定语,修饰one-hour sessions。
phone to pay for your shopping with just one scan. It can also collect your Clubcard points auto-matically. This means you can now go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores. So why not give it a go?It only takes a moment to download and you will receive these benefits:·Collect your Clubcard points automatically·Pay for your weekly shop up to ￡250·Use PayQwiq offline, even with no signal·Track your spending in TescoSign up to PayQwiq and collect 100 extra Clubcard points for each week you pay with the app, for up to 5 weeks—that's up to 500 extra points. Available to new customers who sign up by 3 September 2018 and make all payments by 31 Octo-ber 2018.One offer per customer. Only one qualifying deal per week will collect the extra points. Additional payments in the same week will not receive extra points. Clubcard points will be added to a future Clubcard statement.How does it work?
Head to the App Store or Google Play to download the PayQwiq app.As soon as you've added your card details, you'll be ready to shop using just your phone.And there's no need to worry about your bank details being stored on your phone—they're all se-curely protected in our data centers. So not only is it quicker and easier, it's safer too.1.If customers use PayQwiq in UK Tesco stores, they can　　    .A.pay for their weekly shop without limit B.get Clubcard points automaticallyC.budget their everyday spending D.win 500 extra points at a time2.From the passage we can learn that　　    . A.users must sign up by 3 September 2018B.users needn't add their payment card informationC.PayQwiq can guarantee both convenience and safetyD.PayQwiq can be downloaded only from the App Store3.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To popularize the use of PayQwiq. B.To stress the importance of PayQwiq.C.To describe the function of PayQwiq. D.To introduce the benefits of PayQwiq.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是说明文,介绍了一款移动支付应用PayQwiq的基本信息及操作方式。1.B　细节理解题。根据文中列出的使用该应用带来的便利之处的第一条Collect your Club-card points automatically可知本题选B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句So not only is it quicker and easier, it's safer too.可知本题选C项。3.A　主旨要义题。全文一直在强调使用PayQwiq带来的便利并说明了下载使用方式,由此可推知本文旨在推广PayQwiq。
高级语块　1.give it a go 试一试2.sign up注册;报名
长难句　It lets you add your credit or debit card details to the app so you can use your smartphone to pay for your shopping with just one scan.它允许你在应用中绑定信用卡或借记卡信息,这样你在购物付款时用你的手机扫一下就可以。句中so引导状语从句;to pay for your shopping 为不定式短语作目的状语;with just one scan为介宾短语作方式状语。
Passage 3 (2018北京朝阳一模, B)词数:424Dream in HeartOn the first day of school our professor introduced a new classmate—a wrinkled little old lady—to us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and shared a chocolate milk shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave the class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever she went. She tended to be highly motivat-ed, responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out
or go to bars with her. She even participated in some form of athletic activity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experience, creating unique chances for friendship and learning.At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I'm sorry I'm so nervous.” As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old;we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you're nine-teen years old and lie in bed for one full year, you will turn twenty. If I'm eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year, I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. It's non-optional but that doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance to change. In this way the elderly don't have regrets for what they did, but for things they did not do.” Rose concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose”. She challenged us to
study the words of the song and lived them out in daily lives.At the year's end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week af-ter graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be.1.Why does the author compare Rose to “time machine” in Paragraph 2?A.To stress her old age and knowledge of life.B.To describe the close friendship between them.C.To show that she always enjoyed her active life.D.To explain why she took on a challenge in college.2.Rose was invited to speak at the football meal most probably because　　    .A.she was a great football fanB.she was the smartest studentC.she tried hard to achieve her dreamD.she became more educated than the others
3.We can learn that Rose agreed with the idea that　　    .A.growing older means growing upB.it takes talent and ability to grow upC.receiving high education helps to be courageousD.one grows older at the same time when he grows up4.The passage is intended to　　    .A.provide an example for the elderlyB.discuss how to grow up quicklyC.tell the importance of attending collegeD.inspire the readers to live up to lives
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,讲述了Rose在87岁高龄时为了实现梦想考入了大学和作者成了同学,并积极参加各项活动,最后完成学业取得学位的励志故事。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.和第二段最后一句中的as she shared her wisdom and experience with me可知作者称Rose为“time machine”是为了强调其年龄及生活知识,故选A项。2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段Rose的讲话内容以及第二段第二句She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one.可推知Rose被邀请来做演讲是因为她在努力实现梦想,故选C项。3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的There is a huge difference between growing older and grow-ing up.以及Anybody can grow older. It's non-optional but that doesn't take any talent or ability.可知变老并不需要才华和能力,因而可推知成长需要才华和能力,故选B项。4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中的it's never too late to be all you can possi-bly be可知本题选D项。
长难句　I was always attracted, listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.我总是被吸引,倾听着这位“时光机器”和我分享她的智慧和经验。listening...为现在分词短语作伴随状语;as引导时间状语从句。
Passage 4 (2018北京西城二模, B)词数:340Indian-origin Anvitha Vijay has given new meaning to the phrase “age is just a number”;she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and experience. Vijay, who lives with her parents in Melbourne, Australia, at the age of seven realised that her pig-gy-bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app, so she decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of YouTube videos, the young techie learned to code. For one entire year, she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a programmer her-self.Vijay's inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister, who was still learning to talk. Therefore, Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister's age. The app is called Smartkins, which uses about 100 sounds and flashcards of different animals that help chil-dren learn and identify. Later, Vijay developed a similar iOS app for children to identify and learn colors. Each app has been downloaded thousands of times.
Anvitha's skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learned about the latest software for app building.All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one, called GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals, such as eating their vegetables or practicing the piano. Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.Anvitha's goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But what is even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids' hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age,” she says, “the better chance we have of becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”1.Vijay taught herself to code because　　    .A.she couldn't afford a developerB.her sister begged herC.she valued her savings very muchD.her parents had confidence in her
2.Vijay's app GoalsHi intends to help kids　　    . A.identify colors　　B.practice good habitsC.learn different animals　　D.get in tech at an early age3.What is the right order of the events?a.Learn the latest software for app building. b.Teach herself how to code. c.Develop Smartkins app.d.Build a similar iOS app.A.cbad　　B.bacdC.bcda　　D.cdab4.Vijay's story indicates that　　    . A.one head cannot hold all wisdomB.passion fuels the young to achieveC.from small beginnings come great thingsD.all things are difficult before they are easy
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。主人公小小年纪就自学编程并制作应用程序,是一个名副其实的科技达人。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的at the age of seven realised that her piggy-bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app, so she decided to teach herself how to code可知本题选择A项。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句This one, called GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits.可知本题选择B项。3.C　细节理解题。本篇文章是按照事件发展的先后顺序记叙的,因此我们可以按段落顺序来梳理事件的发生顺序,b出现在第二段,c出现在第三段前半部分,d出现在第三段后半部分,a出现在第四段,因此本题选择C项。4.B　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的she has proved that achievements and knowledge fol-low passion and not just age and experience可知本题选择B项。
Group 4Passage 1(2017北京西城一模, B)词数:406Dear child,Take a seat. Daddy has something to share with you. I would like us to have a heart-to-heart—even though, over the years, you have slowly broken mine. Oh shut up;you so have! If you go out and ask any mother or father out there, I guarantee they'll say the same thing:All children break their parents' hearts. It's just what children do. In fact, it's what Daddy's own mother continues to re-mind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone. In your baby years, you vomited(呕吐), pooped and peed all over me. In your teen years, you came home from parties and vomited red wine all over my already-dirty carpets. There was a time you experimented with drugs and all those things I hate. Where does the heartbreak end?Still, I want you to know you are loved, because various parenting magazines insist that's my re-sponsibility to make you feel special and valued and so on. And of course Daddy loves you! Don't you see?And Daddy values you. Very much so. How could he not value you, when you, as a test-
tube baby, cost so much to come into this world?Now you're old enough to hear the truth about parenting. And it's this:all kids annoy their parents. Like you, I started off adorable. Then I went through my weird-body-shape-and-acne years, lost all my cuteness, developed an attitude and never once did I apologize to my parents for stealing the best years of their lives.When you become a parent yourself, here are some parenting skills you might want to try that have been passed down from countless generations of angry Asians before me. Passive aggression is always welcome. Regular scream “I WISH YOU HAD NEVER BEEN BORN” will help keep your own kid's self-respect in check. But whatever happens, ensure you earn enough money in your adult life. Then give it to me, so I can go on expensive international tours. If you do this I promise I'll stop complaining and leave you alone, because we both know that's what we really want.Love you lots, Cutie-Pie. Daddy
1.The letter is probably written to　　    .A.a young adult　　B.a little babyC.a parent　　D.a grandparent2.The letter discusses all the topics EXCEPT　　    .A.babyhood　　B.teenage problems C.parenting　　D.death3.According to the letter, the author　　    .A.used to take drugsB.regrets getting marriedC.broke his parents' heartsD.was born as a test-tube baby4.Why does the author write the letter?A.To ask his child to earn more money.B.To encourage his child to be independent. C.To communicate to his child love and hope.D.To stop his child from being a troublemaker.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为应用文。文章是一位父亲写给自己刚成年的孩子的一封信。1.A　推理判断题。从文章的第一段和第五段中可以看出,孩子已经长大,父亲对孩子的忠告也都是针对成年人的,因此选择A项。2.D　主旨要义题。文章第二段提到了babyhood和teenage problems,第四段提到了parenting,文章从始至终都没有提到关于死亡的话题,故选择D项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的I guarantee they'll say the same thing:All children break their parents' hearts. It's just what children do. In fact, it's what Daddy's own mother continues to remind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone.可以看出本题选择C项。4.C　主旨要义题。文章第一段第一句作者就道出了写信的目的——与孩子交流,文章第三段中父亲(作者)一直在表达自己对孩子的爱,而最后一段是对孩子的希望,因此本题选择C项。
We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You'll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we're excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131,7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Ama-zon Go app.Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon. 1.From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go　　    .A.is a checkout-free store
B.sells all kinds of goodsC.is open to the publicD.uses unknown technologies2.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?A.When Amazon Go charges. B.How Amazon Go works.C.Where Amazon Go lies. D.What Amazon Go sells.3.Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by　　    .A.paying cash at the counterB.walking out of the store C.using their Amazon accountsD.scanning smartphones when leaving4.The main purpose of the passage is to　　    .A.encourage people to shop onlineB.advise people to work for Amazon C.inform people of a new concept storeD.tell people the shopping experience
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种即将面世的新型购物形式——Amazon Go。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required.可知本题选择A项。2.B　主旨要义题。阅读文章的第三段可知,本段主要介绍了在Amazon Go购物的流程,因此选择B项。3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句Shortly after, we'll charge your Amazon ac-count and send you a receipt.可知本题选择C项。4.C　主旨要义题。纵观全文,文章主要向读者介绍了一种新的购物方式,但这个方式还没有投入市场,所以本题选择C项。
长难句　You'll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we're excited to introduce to customers.你将会发现我们钟爱的知名品牌,还有一些特别发现,我们兴奋地想要将这些介绍给顾客们。主句的主语是you,we love是省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰brands。plus是介词,后接宾语spe-cial finds,finds后是定语从句,也将关系词省略了。
Passage 3(2017北京东城二模, A)词数:415Finding a New SpringA tradesman was leading a caravan(旅行队)to another country to sell his goods. Along the way they came to the edge of a severe hot-sand desert. They learnt that during the daytime the sun heats up the fine sand until it's as hot as charcoal, so no one can walk on it—not even bullocks(小阉牛)or camels! So the caravan leader hired a desert guide, one who could follow the stars, so they could travel only at night when the sand cools down. They began the dangerous nighttime journey across the desert. A couple of nights later, after eating their evening meal, and waiting for the sand to cool, they started out again.Later that night, the desert guide, who was driving the first cart, saw from the stars that they were getting close to the other side of the desert. He had also overeaten, so that when he relaxed, he fell asleep. Then the bullocks who, of course, couldn't tell directions by reading the stars, gradually
turned to the side and went in a big wide circle until they ended up at the same place they had started from! By then it was morning, and the people realized they were back at the same spot. They lost heart and began to cry about their condition. Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst. They even began to blame the caravan leader and the desert guide.However, the leader himself didn't lose courage. He began walking back and forth, trying to think out a plan. Remaining alert, out of the corner of his eye, he noticed a small clump of grass. He thought, “Without water, no plant could live in this desert.” So he asked his fellow travelers to dig up the ground on that very spot. They dug and dug, and after a while they got down to a large stone. He got down into the hole, put his ear to the stone, and heard the sound of flowing water.A spring was found. All the people were overjoyed. They drank and bathed and washed the ani-mals and cooked their food and ate. Before they left, they raised a high flag so that other travelers could see the new spring in the middle of the hot-sand desert. Then they continued on safely to the end of their journey.
1.Why did the tradesman and his caravan have to travel during the night?A.To use less water while crossing the desert. B.It was too hot to walk on the desert in the daytime.C.They might be able to find the spring in the quiet night.D.The guide could find a short way by following the stars.2.Why did the group feel so desperate when they were back to the starting point?A.They were in danger of dying of thirst. B.They were running out of food.C.Their guide had lost the way.D.Their leader had lost heart.3.What is the moral of the story?A.Never give up too easily.B.Don't mind what others think of you. C.Don't forget sorrow follows extreme joy. D.Never refuse to offer help when you are needed.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。一个商队在沙漠行走,在快要走出沙漠的时候他们发现路线不对致使他们原地打转,这时气温上升、水源不够,在大家都很绝望的时候,领队者没有放弃希望,最终带领大家找到水源。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三句的They learnt that during the daytime the sun heats up the fine sand until it's as hot as charcoal, so no one can walk on it可知本题选择B项。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的倒数第二句Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst.可知本题选择A项。3.A　主旨要义题。纵观全文可以看出,当全队人都认为自己要死在沙漠的时候,只有领队者没有失去信心,他保持冷静,最终找到了水源,所以这篇文章想要告诉我们的是不要轻易地放弃,故选择A项。
高级语块　1.a clump of一丛　2.dig up 掘起;掘地
长难句　Remaining alert, out of the corner of his eye, he noticed a small clump of grass.他保持着警觉,用眼一瞟,注意到有一小丛青草。句中的主语是he,remaining alert是非谓语动词短语作伴随状语,remain的逻辑主语是he,out of the corner of his eye也是状语,强调he是通过什么方式看到的青草。
Passage 4(2017北京海淀第一学期期中, A)词数:415After finishing my teaching for a school year, I thought that I should go back to Montreal, Quebec—my hometown for a visit. My main goal was to relax in preparation for the challenges of my re-tirement in the coming year.Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese who are struggling to succeed and then lead a better life in Canada.Some travelled thousands of miles to get knowledge. When I spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in Canada, they all talked about the two official languages of Canada. But I was impressed by their ability to express their ideas while switching between English and French.Almost all of those people said they often felt homesick. They miss their families and friends. Though Montreal has lots of Chinese restaurants, they long for a home-cooked meal.
I met some tourists who were trying to realize their childhood dreams of experiencing the life in a developed country. When I asked them if Montreal had lived up to their expectations, they hesitat-ed. They said that reality never agrees with fantasies. However, they were glad to have the oppor-tunity to visit Montreal and didn't regret taking the trip.Not all the Chinese people I met were happy. I once met a young lady who met with a gentleman through the Internet. However, to her disappointment, he disappeared after he promised to marry her in Montreal.I was served by another Chinese person who could not handle the challenges of studying in an English environment and ended up working in a restaurant with minimum pay.Exploring different parts of the world, without any doubt, is an enriching experience. However, one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to set up a new life in a foreign country. One should take the time to examine the advantages and the shortcomings of the venture before they decide to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.
1.The writer went to her hometown to　　    .A.meet her old friends B.study a new languageC.go on with her teaching D.prepare for her retirement life2.The main barrier for some Chinese to get knowledge in Canada is　　    .A.food　　B.homesickness C.language　　D.income3.The writer thinks that　　    .A.overseas Chinese are good at communication in Canada B.the trip to Montreal is a good chance for people to studyC.overseas Chinese feel disappointed at their life in Canada D.people should think carefully before chasing the dreams abroad4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Improving Life Skills in Canada.B.Exploring Different Parts of Canada.C.Struggling for a Better Life in Canada.D.Going to Canada—Your Ideal Destination.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。作者回到家乡——魁北克省的蒙特利尔,在那里他遇到很多中国人,他们在蒙特利尔生活得不容易,由此作者想通过此文劝告那些追逐梦想的人要考虑清楚再行动。1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“My main goal was to relax in preparation for the challenges of my retirement in the coming year.”可知本题应选择D项。2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“When I spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in Canada, they all talked about the two official lan-guages of Canada.”可知本题应选择C项。3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to set up a new life in a foreign country. One should take the time to examine the advan-tages and the shortcomings of the venture before they decide to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.”可知本题应选择D项。4.C　主旨要义题。根据整篇文章的内容以及第二段“Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese who are struggling to succeed and then lead a better life in Canada.”可知本题应选择C项。
高级语块　live up to达到,不辜负
长难句    One should take the time to examine the advantages and the shortcomings of the venture before they decide to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.人们应该在他们决定追逐一个不确定的希望能够成功或过更好的生活的梦想之前去花时间衡量一下为之冒险的优势和劣势。before引导时间状语从句,从句中的or连接了of后的两个宾语achieving success和leading a better life。
B组  2017—2019年高考模拟·专题综合题组
Group 1Passage 1 (2019北京西城二模, C)词数:465Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it, re-searchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging (神经影像学).These findings, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an un-wanted experience, more attention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previ-ous research on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted infor-mation through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory's retrieval(恢复).“We may want to get rid of memories that cause nonadaptive responses, such as upsetting memo-ries, so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways,” said Jarrod Lewis-Pea-cock, the study's senior author and an assistant professor of psychology at UT Austin. “Decades of research has shown that we have the ability to voluntarily forget something, but how our brains do that is still being questioned. Once we can figure out how memories are weakened and design
ways to control this, we can design treatment to help people rid themselves of unwanted memo-ries.”Using neuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity, the researchers showed a group of healthy adults images of scenes and faces, instructing them to either remember or forget each image. Their findings not only confirmed that humans have the ability to control what they forget, but that suc-cessful intentional forgetting required “moderate (适中的) levels” of brain activity in these sen-sory and perceptual areas—more activity than what was required to remember.“A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory;too weak, and you won't change it,” said Tracy Wang, lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin. “Importantly, it's the intention to for-get that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activation hits the ‘moderate lev-el’ sweet spot, that's when it leads to later forgetting of that experience.” The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotional information.
“We're learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (回复) of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget,” said Lewis-Peacock, who has begun a new study using neu-rofeedback to track how much attention is given to certain types of memories.“This will make way for future studies on how we process, and hopefully get rid of, those really strong, sticky emotional memories, which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-be-ing,” Lewis-Peacock said. 1.Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched 　　    . A.the pattern of brain activityB.the process of recovering a memoryC.the way to reduce attention to unwanted information D.the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting 2.According to Tracy Wang, forgetting is possible when 　　    . A.people respond to new experiences in an adaptive way
B.the activation of the memory reaches a certain level C.people have the strongest intention to forgetD.the information involves more emotion3.Lewis continues his study to find out 　　    . A.how to control people's ability to forgetB.where to apply the findings of his team's latest study C.what effects upsetting memories have on people's healthD.if different types of information requires different levels of attention4.What is the best title of the article? A.Where does forgetting take place?B.How does attention affect memory?C.Forgetting uses more brain power than rememberingD.Forgetting is far more difficult than we once imagined
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人的大脑如何忘记一段不想记住的经历。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory's retrieval.可知,之前的研究主要关注减少不想要的信息的方式,和C项表述一致,因此本题选C。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“Importantly, it's the intention to forget that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activation hits the ‘moderate level’ sweet spot, that's when it leads to later forgetting of that experience.”可知,当记忆激活到达最有效点时可以让人忘记某段经历,hits the ‘moderate level’ sweet spot对应B项的reaches a certain level,故选B。3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“This will make way for future studies on how we process, and hopefully get rid of, those really strong, sticky emotional memories,which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being,”Lewis-Peacock said.可知本题选A。4.C　主旨要义题。文章首段第一句提到Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it... 忘记一件事情比记住它需要更多的脑力,故选C。
高级语块　1.figure out 弄清楚;弄明白　2.rid oneself of sth. 从……中解脱
长难句　The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotional information. 研究者们还发现,相比人脸,参与者们更有可能忘记风景,因为人脸能带来更多情感信息。本句中that引导宾语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰faces。
Passage 2 (2019北京朝阳一模, D)词数:452Early or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and lead to psychological problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes, and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby, a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are sepa-rated from their parents. If they are left without touch for a while, they will have a higher stress level. Parents' influence on their children's well-being may never be greater than during the earli-est years of life, when a child's brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his expe-riences are shaped by parents and the family environment.
However, there are critics. Some anthropologists (人类学家) point out that the love between chil-dren and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. There has been a long history of the fact that Father and Mother did not bring up their children alone. Plato, around 394 B.C., argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in soci-ety. Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are more evenly distribut-ed among a broader group of people.Besides, studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on chil-dren's development. They learn the benefits of being socially smart, understanding the concept of sharing and caring. They promote concentration skills, which is very important in their learning. There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of
statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery. The matter, then, is far from being clearly known, though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.1.The passage mainly argues whether　　    .A.children over three will accept school educationB.children under three should be sent to nursery schoolsC.the family relationship is different in traditional societiesD.early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies2.Which of the following supports Bowlby's theory?A.Early day care wouldn't be so popular if it had negative effects.B.Separation from parents for young children is common in history.C.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.D.Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children's development.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是议论文,讨论了三岁以下的孩子是否该被送到托儿所的问题。1.B　主旨要义题。根据文章首段提出的论点Many young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this sub-ject.可知文章针对三岁以下的孩子是否被该送到托儿所展开讨论并给出不同观点,故选B。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章可知Bowlby反对三岁以下的孩子离开父母被送到托儿所,且文章第六段第四句Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects dif-ficult to deal with.提到不管长期影响是什么,父母很难处理把年幼的孩子送到托儿所的直接影响,故选C。3.D　推理判断题。文章从正反两方面分别给出了论据,且根据最后一段最后一句The matter, then, is far from being clearly known, though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.可知这个问题的结论还未明确,对应D项中的contro-versial(有争议的),故选D。
4.B　逻辑结构题。文章首段提出讨论的问题;第二、三段是认为三岁以下的孩子应该由父母看护;第四、五段分别从孩子被送到托儿所以后可以解放女性以及对孩子本身有略微积极的影响两个方面讲了第二个论点;最后结论是这个问题还有争议,需要更多数据进行观察,故选B。
高级语块　1.well-being n.健康;幸福　2.bring up 养育;抚养
长难句　The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and lead to psy-chological problems in later life. 英国精神分析学家John Bowlby认为从出生到三岁这段“依赖”敏感期让孩子和家长分开可能会对孩子的性格造成伤害,导致今后的心理问题。句中的that引导宾语从句。宾语从句中并列连词and连接两个谓语动词。
Passage 3 (2019北京东城二模, C)词数:399Love the way you walkListen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walk-ing about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people's gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gaits. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as some-one walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers
turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someone's sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subject's age.One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person's own residence could monitor changes in an individual's gait that presage certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over. Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to re-stricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials. Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a
database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.1.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2? A.Research equipment.　　B.Research findings.C.Research assumptions.　　D.Research backgrounds.2.According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to 　　    . A.collect data　　B.ensure safety C.determine age　　D.analyse pressure 3.The gait-recognition system might be applied to 　　    . A.monitor security work progress B.detect potential health problemsC.keep track of travelling frequency D.warn passengers of possible dangers 4.The main purpose of the passage is to 　　    .A.compare and educate　　B.examine and assessC.discuss and persuade　　D.explain and inform
答案    [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文,解释了压敏垫是如何应用于各个领域的。1.D    主旨要义题。本题考查段落主旨,第二段讲研究者曾经用摄像机和电脑研究人们的步法,但是发现有种种缺点,所以现在用压敏垫来研究步态。这是给出了研究背景,因为之前的方式存在不足,才研发出这种更好的方式,故选D。2.A　细节理解题。文章第三段主要讲垫子的应用能为研究人员提供数据,且准确性很高。根据该段倒数第三句In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people.可知,垫子用来为人们提供数据,故选A。3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly.可知,垫子可以用到医疗方面,和B选项的de-tect potential health problems对应,故选B。4.D　主旨要义题。本文主要解释和说明压敏垫是如何工作的,故选D。
高级语块　1.work out 弄明白　2.speed up 加快
长难句　A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person's own residence could monitor changes in an individual's gait that presage certain illnesses. 放在养老院或者老人自己住所的垫子可以监控预示一个人步态的变化,这些变化预示着某些疾病。句中画线部分是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰A mat;that引导定语从句,修饰changes。
Passage 4 (2019北京西城一模,D)词数:486　　We talk continuously about how to make children more “resilient (有适应力的)”, but whatever we're doing, it's not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapid-ly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?Nassim Taleb invented the word “antifragile” and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorders. The immune system(免疫系统) is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.Children's social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overpro-tect kids and keep them “safe” from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we de-prive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teases and social rejection.
It's not the kids' fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare oc-currences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mo-bility went down;screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adults' social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian pro-fessors of psychology—Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair—warned: “We may observe an in-creased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age-appropriate risky play.”They wrote those words in 2011.Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.
What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordi-nary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can't guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experi-ences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go—and let them grow.1.Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?A.To stress its importance. B.To analyze the cause of anxiety.C.To question the latest discovery.D.To help understand a new word.
2.Parents overprotect children because　　    .A.they are concerned about their children's safetyB.they want to keep children from being teasedC.parent-monitored activities are a mustD.children are not independent enough3.According to the author, free play can　　    .A.promote children's resilienceB.strengthen children's friendshipC.reduce children's risky behaviorD.develop children's leadership skills4.Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A.Stop trying to perfect your child.B.It takes great courage to raise children.C.Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.D.While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们应该怎样做才能让孩子更有适应能力,针对这个问题作者讲了free play的好处以及自己的看法。1.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句The immune system is one of them:...可知,免疫系统在本段是一个解释前文提到的新词“antifragile”的例子,帮助读者理解这个新词,故选D。2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句If we overprotect kids and keep them “safe” from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive them of the challenges and oppor-tunities for skill-building they need to grow strong.可知,家长过度保护孩子是因为担心他们的安全,和A项表达的一致,故选A。3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句Norwegian professors of psychology—Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair—warned“We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age-appropriate risky play.”可知,如果孩子们没有参与到这个年纪本该参与的有风险的游戏中,他们在社会中更容易焦虑,可知free play可提高孩子们的适应能力,因此本题选A。
4.C　主旨要义题。根据文章首尾段大意以及文章最后一句话We should let go—and let them grow.可知,我们应该学会放手,让孩子们自己成长,因此本题选C。
高级语块　1.be exposed to 面临,遭受　2.turn out 被发现是;结果是　3.participate in 参加　4.come true 成为现实
长难句　Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adults' social and even physical competence.然而自由游戏被证明对于成人的社交能力,甚至是身体能力的发展都是至关重要的。在自由游戏中,孩子们想出他们自己约定的规则,冒点小风险,并学会处理小的危险。in which引导定语从句,修饰先行词free play。
Group 2Passage 1 (2019北京朝阳第一学期期末, C)词数:442Learning to RunAn article published in the scientific journal Nature discusses an important aspect of human evolu-tion. According to Bramble and Lieberman, Professors at the University of Utah, humans possess a number of features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are confident that the selec-tion for running was important in the origin of the human body form,” says Bramble.Traditional thinking has been that humans are poor runners compared to such animals as horses. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. Even an athlete can hardly run as quickly as a horse does, and can only keep up a top speed for 15 seconds or so. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans will do astonishingly well. They can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their speed is at least at the same level with that of horses.Bramble and Lieberman examined 26 parts of human bodies. One of the most interesting of these
is the nuchal ligament (韧带). When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. Then there are Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, forming the mechanical links between the muscles to the bones. They act like strong strings and help to push us forward when we run. Be-sides, we have low and wide shoulders, which allows us to run more effectively. Add to our light forearms, which swing in co-operation with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.But what advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One theory is that this abili-ty may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. Some scientists guess that early humans may have run after animals for great distances to make them tired before killing them. Running would also have shown another advantage: early humans might have eaten the meat left over from a kill by other large animals. They may have been warned of the existence of a freshly killed animal by vultures (秃鹰), and the faster they got to the scene of the kill, the better.“Research on the history of human ability of running has traditionally been controversial,” says
Lieberman. “At the very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learned to run and why we are built the way we are.”1.In Paragraph 2, the author mainly tells us that　　    .A.humans are poor runners compared to horsesB.humans are good runners over long distancesC.humans may run at high speed for a short timeD.humans can keep a constant pace when running2.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that　　    .A.tendons play an important role in runningB.strong muscles and bones keep running effectiveC.the shape of shoulders affects the position of headsD.humans can run faster if they have longer forearms
3.What conclusion is drawn about early humans?A.They followed birds to avoid danger.B.They were unable to kill large animals.C.They developed their big brains for running.D.They evolved running due to the need for hunting.4.What does Lieberman mean by saying the underlined sentence?A.Proving that humans run in a comfortable position.B.Informing people of the reasons why humans may run.C.Expressing appreciation of the theory of human evolution.D.Making people reconsider the idea about our body structure.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章讲了人的身体构造以及因为打猎而导致的早期人类的进化,使得人类能在长距离跑步时成为出色的跑者。1.B　主旨要义题。本段开始说在短跑的时候,人的速度远不及一些动物,但倒数第二句But when it comes to long-distance running, humans will do astonishingly well.转折说长距离跑步时,人类将做得很好。转折之后说的是更重要的内容,因此本题选B项。2.A　主旨要义题。根据第三段第五句和第六句Then there are Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, forming the mechanical links between the muscles to the bones.They act like strong strings and help to push us forward when we run.可知,在人跑步过程中跟腱起很重要的作用。故本题选择A项。3.D　主旨要义题。根据第四段的第二句One theory is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively.可知,早期人类为了更有效地获取食物而进化适应长距离跑步,因此本题选D。
4.D　推理判断题。根据文章的画线句At the very least, I hope this theory will make many peo-ple have second thoughts about how humans learned to run and why we are built the way we are.可知,文章中讲到的相关理论是为了让人们可以再次考虑我们为什么进化成现在的样子,故选D。
高级语块　1.back and forth来回地　2.be warned of被提醒
长难句　When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side.当我们跑步的时候,是这个韧带防止我们的头前后或左右移动。it is...that...是强调句式。
Passage 2 (2019北京海淀第一学期期末, D)词数:416Understanding Chinese Culture: The Challenge to the WestLate last year, a New Zealand newspaper reported that China was sending 120 doctors to a Pacific island to assist with their community health. A positive action, one might think, but the focus of the story was to ask what China was doing in the Pacific, and how we have failed to the extent that we have allowed this to happen. What are the Chinese doing on “our patch”?In fact, the rise of China is to a certain degree promoted as a threat. The challenge to the West, then, is to improve an appreciation of what China is. How does China's cultural heritage present a positive advantage to the world?To understand this, it is important to consider the foundations of Chinese culture and society. Chi-na has more than 5,000 years of uninterrupted cultural development. We at least need to go back 2,500
years to study Taoism for its cultural and philosophical roots, and Confucius for his social phi-losophy and influence on society.Taoism provides us with many aspects of the special nature of Chinese culture and philosophy. The concept of yin and yang in Taoism, which brings us balance through the integration of oppo-sites, is well-known but not fully understood in the West. Chinese medicine, which tends to take a longer time to take effect, with a focus to work in harmony with the body, is to restore imbalance causing diseases rather than targeting only the specific symptom or the problem area.Confucius' contribution to Chinese society also provides a difference to Western society. Eastern society places the community as the most important component of society. In Western society, it is the individual that is considered to be the unit of society, compatible with an objective analysis of issues.Considering a monkey, a cow and a banana, which is the odd one out? The vast majority of Chi-nese will choose the cow because the monkey eats the banana. Western people invariably choose the banana because they see the objective classification of the monkey and the cow. The considera-
tion of these two responses, and extension into deeper philosophical understanding, presents a ma-jor difference between Chinese and Western thought.Therefore, the challenge to the West is to embrace an alternative perspective on issues. It is time for Western media to seek a balance in reporting affairs, and critique (评判) the Western perspec-tive. It is time for a Chinese voice to be heard in the West.1.The news report in the first paragraph　　    .A.tells a story of Chinese doctorsB.demonstrates the concern of the WestC.stresses the decline of Western cultureD.shows the medical development of China2.Why is Chinese medicine mentioned in the passage?A.To help better understand Taoism.B.To define the concept of yin and yang.C.To emphasize the contributions of Taoism.
D.To express the author's pride in Chinese culture.3.We can learn from the passage that　　    .A.Taoism has a greater influence than ConfucianismB.Confucianism finds balance in integrating oppositesC.the West takes China's cultural heritage as an advantageD.Eastern society considers community the essential unit of society4.The author's purpose of writing the passage is to　　    .A.warn the West of the threat of ChinaB.introduce to the West what China really isC.recommend the West to accept the rise of ChinaD.appeal to the West to have an objective attitude to China
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章说明了中西方文化的不同侧重点并呼吁西方应该更加包容中国文化。1.B　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段可知,中国派遣了120名医生到太平洋岛国进行医疗支援,但是新西兰当地报纸的报道中并没有关注我国所做的事情,却在质疑中国。同时第二段也提到了西方国家对于中国的崛起的担忧。故选B。2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段的第二句The concept of yin and yang in Taoism, which brings us balance through the integration of opposites, is well-known but not fully understood in the West.可知,西方国家了解一些阴阳之道但并不完全理解,随后这段又介绍了中药调和身体的平衡从而帮助读者理解道家学说。故选A。3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段第二句Eastern society places the community as the most important component of society.以及第六段中将猴子、奶牛和香蕉分类的举例可知,东方人将团体看作整个社会中最基本的单位。故选D。
4.D　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段前两句Therefore, the challenge to the west is to embrace an alternative perspective on issues. It is time for Western media to seek a balance in reporting af-fairs, and critique the Western perspective.可知,对西方的挑战是在这个问题上改变观点;对西方媒体来说,要在报道事件和批评西方观点之间寻求一个平衡,即作者在呼吁西方对中国要有一个客观的态度。故选D。
高级语块　1.to a certain degree在某种程度上　2.take effect生效
长难句　Chinese medicine, which tends to take a longer time to take effect, with a focus to work in harmony with the body, is to restore imbalance causing diseases rather than targeting only the specific symptom or the problem area.中药专注于让体内达到一个平衡的状态,需要花更长的时间才能起作用。它让引起疾病的不平衡重新回到平衡的状态,而不仅仅是针对特定的症状或者生病的部位下药。句中which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese medicine。
Passage 3 (2018北京丰台第一学期期末, B)词数:368The Amazing Penguin RescueIn the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins' habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival. Volun-teers were showing up by the thousands and I also took part in what was the largest animal rescue operation ever.A warehouse was turned into a rescue center near the habitat and hundreds of pools were built to hold about 100 oiled birds each. When walking into the center, I couldn't believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking(叫声). Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. Cleaning them all seemed like an impossible task. But we had to carry on like doctors in an emergency room. There was no time for doubt. Cleaning oil off a penguin wasn't easy. Even with more than 12,500 volun-teers, it took a month to bathe all 20,000 birds at the center.
While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis(危机) was developing. Oil from the spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil's path. But we already had our hands full with 20,000 recovering birds. If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn't have enough resources to save them.One researcher came up with an idea:What if the penguins were temporarily moved out of harm's way?Experts decided to have a try. Volunteers rounded up the penguins and released them 500 miles away. The hope was that by the time the seabirds swam home, the oil would be gone. The plan worked! Another 20,000 penguins were saved.The entire penguin rescue took about three months. More than 90% of the oiled penguins were successfully returned to the wild. Looking back on the rescue, I am still amazed by the work of the volunteers. What I could hardly believe was that we accomplished an impossible task.1.The African penguins were in danger because of 　　    .A.a knock by a ship　　B.a spill of oilC.a change of habitats　　D.a lack of help
2.When walking into the rescue center, the author felt 　　    .A.ambitious　　B.hopeless　　C.shocked　　D.inspired3.The crisis was ended by 　　    .A.stopping the flow of the oilB.cleaning the polluted habitat C.asking more volunteers to helpD.moving the penguins from home4.The author mainly intends to tell us that　　    .A.many hands make great workB.where there is a will there is a wayC.the future of wildlife is in our handsD.unite to make the earth pollution-free
答案    [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。2016年夏天,由于船只沉没导致燃油泄漏,危及企鹅生命。作者与其他志愿者一起参与企鹅救援工作。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句可知非洲企鹅处于危险是因为燃油泄漏。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句When walking into the center, I couldn't believe my ears.可知作者感到震惊。3.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知最后危机化解的途径是让企鹅从它们的家园迁走。4.A　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段最后两句作者的感叹可知通过对此次救援行动的描述作者想告诉我们人多力量大。
高级语块　1.oil spill 燃油泄漏2.tens of thousands of数以万计的
长难句　If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn't have enough resources to save them.如果有更多的企鹅被燃油污染,我们将没有足够的资源来挽救它们了。此句用了虚拟语气,表示对现在的虚拟,从句谓语为相当于过去式的形式,主句谓语为would not do的形式。
Passage 4 (2018北京东城一模, D)词数:465The cruise tourism is the fastest growing industry in the travel industry. With rapid growth in the number of passengers, the number of cruise ships at sea, and the increased variety of destinations, the fast growth in the industry follows with increasing influences on the environment. Like many travel industries, the negative influences on the environment seem to outweigh the posi-tive ones. Even though the cruise industry is relatively small compared to the airline industry, cruise ships and their passengers generate more waste and pollutant emissions(排放物) while trav-elling and docking in port. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, a one-week voyage generates more than 50 tons of garbage, and during that same week 3.78 million litres of waste water is produced. That is water which is harmful to the ocean life and cannot be poured back into the ocean without being treated.These numbers are multiplied by more than 200 cruise ships sailing the world 365 days a year.
Due to pollution, coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are taking significant damage. There are 109 countries with coral reefs. In 90 of them, reefs are being damaged by cruise ships. It is said 70% of cruise destina-tions are in the spots with the existence of a wide variety of sea plants and animals. However, it is not the amount of pollution generated by cruise ships that is most concerned, but rather, the way cruise ships deal with their waste. The way cruise ships get rid of waste is highly unregulated.Waste can be poured a few short miles off shore, which is later brought back to shore due to ocean currents. In most cases, there was no monitoring or administration from local authori-ties if cruise ships violated the pollution standards. The cruise industry continues to promote itself as environmentally friendly;the truth is, there are many examples of cruise ships breaking the law. Processing waste on board is not impossible for cruise industries. Since the increased harmful ef-fects on the environment have come to light, some cruise industries have done their part and as technology increases, their ability to become more eco-friendly has become the most important.
Holland America Line has invested $1.5 million in a program called Seawater Scrubber Pilot. This program looks for opportunities to reduce engine emission on its ships. The Seawater Scrubber sys-tem uses the natural chemistry of seawater to remove all harmful materials in the seawater before it is poured overboard.Even though it is only a small step, it makes a big difference. The environmental impact of the cruise industry on the destination has negative effects. However, with effort made, there is still hope that these effects can be limited, or as we wish, reduced.1.What adds to cruise ships' pollution?A.Lack of proper regulations.B.Growing size of cruise ships. C.Service systems on cruise ships.D.Useless water-treating program. 2.Why did the author mention Holland America Line?A.To stress environmental protection matters.B.To evaluate the effects of natural chemistry.
C.To introduce the Seawater Scrubber system.D.To prove some anti-pollution measure works.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Influences of cruise tourism.B.Problems in tourist industry.C.Consequences of ocean pollution.D.Administration of cruise emissions.4.How is the passage developed?A.By analyzing cause and effect. B.By discussing problems and solutions.C.By comparing benefits and disadvantages. D.By presenting similarities and differences.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。乘船旅游产业迅速发展,随之而来的很多问题不容忽视。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知关于游轮如何处理垃圾的问题没有具体的规定并且一些当地的政府部门监管不力,因此本题选择A项。2.D　推理判断题。文章主要阐述乘船旅游产业发展给环境带来的问题,而荷美邮轮公司投资的项目则是要通过一些手段来减少对海水的污染,因此选择D项。3.A　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段最后一句With rapid growth in the number of passengers, the number of cruise ships at sea, and the increased variety of destinations, the fast growth in the industry follows with increasing influences on the environment. 可知本题选择A项。4.B　逻辑结构题。文章主要探讨了乘船旅游产业发展带来的污染问题,最后三段针对污染问题提出解决办法,因此本题选择B项。
高级语块　come to light 为人所知,被披露出来
长难句　With rapid growth in the number of passengers, the number of cruise ships at sea, and the increased variety of destinations, the fast growth in the industry follows with increasing influ-ences on the environment. 随着乘客、海上游轮和旅游目的地数量的急速增长,乘船旅游产业也快速发展,与此同时该产业对环境的影响也随之增长。句中的主语是the fast growth in the industry,谓语是follows,句首的With...destinations是介宾短语,中间的逗号和and表明它们之间是并列关系。
Group 3Passage 1 (2018北京海淀二模, D)词数:409Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason:hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friends die.Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State carried wooden blocks marked with X or O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers of-fered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people:they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes outthink other animals. They're other primates (灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian (哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales are also masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term stud-ies in the wild on these mammals helped to make a viewpoint shift in our society:the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chick-ens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder:Will the new science of “food animals” bring an ethical(伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat?In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us?Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
1.According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of　　    .A.interaction　　B.analysis　　C.creation　　D.abstraction2.The research into pigs shows that pigs　　    .A.learn letters quicklyB.have a good eyesight C.can build up a good relationshipD.can apply knowledge to new situations 3.Paragraph 4 is mainly about　　    .A.the similarities between mammals and humansB.the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsC.a change of attitude to the treatment of animalsD.a discovery of how animals learn to express themselves4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.The Inner Lives of Food Animals B.The Lifestyle of Food AnimalsC.Science Reports on Food Animals D.A Revolution in Food Animals
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。我们了解我们生活中会吃掉的动物吗?了解之后会不会对它们的态度发生改变?1.B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段前两句As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even af-ter months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason:hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one.可知,母鸡具有辨别和分析能力。2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中的they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format可知猪能进行知识迁移,故本题选择D项。
3.C　主旨要义题。根据第四段最后一句Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to make a viewpoint shift in our society:the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedures in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.可知对动物们有了深入的了解,人们就会产生态度上的变化,故选择C项。4.A　主旨要义题。文章主要围绕我们平时食用的动物的内在(我们不知道的方面)进行探究,因此选择A项。
高级语块　be guilty of 犯下……的罪
Passage 2 (2018北京海淀一模, D)词数:438Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls(缺失) in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day life is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”.What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently,
in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness” to capture, for it's tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffer-ing. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life's most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional tal-ents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or en-gaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒) and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we'll have achieved something deeper and more in-teresting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free exis-tence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We'll know that we are try-
ing to do something far more important than smile all the time:we're striving to do justice to our full human potential. 1.What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?A.It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B.It has received a lot of attention from the public.C.It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D.It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.2.According to Paragraph 3, happiness　　    .A.is opposite to fulfilment B.is free from physical or mental painC.stresses the psychological differenceD.serves as a respected and noble life goal
3.We learn from the passage that　　    .A.aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB.goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC.challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD.feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations4.The passage encourages the readers to　　    .A.find fulfilment with all effortsB.seek for a pain-free existenceC.keep optimistic whatever happensD.balance happiness and suffering
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者论述了Eudaimonia这个古希腊词语纠正了现代语言中hap-piness的缺失并表明人生的意义是充分发挥潜能。1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句The ancient Greeks did not believe that the pur-pose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”.可知本题选择D项。2.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段前两句What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable mood.可知happiness和fulfilment的区别在于pain,而fulfilment会伴随身心痛苦,所以可推知happiness没有身心的痛苦,故选B项。3.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood.可知追求无痛苦的状态(即happiness)会导致我们责怪自己处于不良的情绪中,故选A项。
4.A　主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段最后一句We'll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time: we're striving to do justice to our full human potential.可知文章鼓励读者努力发挥潜能,追求fulfilment而不是happiness。故选A项。
高级语块　1.in conflict with 和……冲突2.all manner of 各种各样的
长难句　Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness. Eudaimonia是一个被哲学家柏拉图和亚里士多德着重强调的古老的希腊词汇,它值得受到比已有更多的关注,因为它纠正了我们现代语言中最重要却最令人困扰的词汇之一“幸福”的缺失。stressed by...为过去分词短语作定语,which引导非限制性定语从句,because引导原因状语从句。
Passage 3 (2018北京朝阳一模, D)词数:501Comedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn't originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn't understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,” ex-plained Ryan. “Don't try to be clever. Don't try too hard to be funny...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That's what people want to see on stage.” Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you're the lowest status person here.”I'd say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes:Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-di-rected intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There's a risk that the occasional error
will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we'd be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here's a joke in the book:Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it's a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reac-tion, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn't help us that much as a comedian. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrol-lable fits of laughter. As a performer, I'll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.
1.Why did the author attend the comedy course?A.He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B.He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C.He worried about how other performers would find him.D.He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to　　    .A.copy their favorite performanceB.imagine other people's reactionsC.help themselves feel comfortableD.behave in a more playful manner
3.What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?A.To discuss what humor brings about exactly.B.To give an example of another kind of humor.C.To prove the point about psychology of humor.D.To show why some people are funnier than others.4.What view does the author put forward in the end?A.Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B.What people find funny is often unpredictable.C.Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D.Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者由于偶然的机会发现了自己的喜剧天赋,因此参加了喜剧课程,了解了幽默的心理机制并发现笑料往往是不可预测的。1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn't understand why or how to control the comic moments. So, I joined the course to learn.可知作者参加喜剧课程是因为观众的反应让他发现自己有喜剧天赋,故选B项。2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Just behave in a silly way.可知其中的silly way对应D项中的playful manner,故本题选D项。3.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句I'd say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped.并结合第四段的笑话可推知第四段的笑话是为了进一步证明第三段中提到的幽默的心理机制,故选C项。4.B　主旨要义题。根据文章最后两段最后两句But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.可知笑料是被发现的,而不是能预知的,故选B项。
高级语块　1.loosen up放松　2.come across偶然发现3.in fits of laughter阵阵大笑
长难句　So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn't understand why or how to control the comic moments.所以是观众告诉我我很搞笑,但是我并不理解为什么以及如何去控制那些滑稽的时刻。本句用到了强调句式It was...who...,用来强调the audience。
Passage 4 (2018北京海淀第一学期期末, D)词数:458Is Technology Moving Too Fast?Differing fundamentally from the prior technologies such as telephones, televisions and automo-biles, which are better known as lock-in, the new technologies—computers, biotechnology and nanotech (纳米技术)—are self-accelerating. This means that the products of their own processes enable them to develop even more rapidly. Since they drive almost whole sectors of society, creat-ing unstable, unpredictable and unreliable conditions, there is a growing public concern that per-haps what civilization needs is a NOT-SO-FAST button. Supporters of technological determinism make a strong case for letting self-accelerating technolo-gies follow their own life cycle. Rapid development in computer technology, they point out, has separated robotics and the Internet—to the great benefit of industry and human communications. Besides, it isn't so easy for a free society to put the brakes on technology. Even if one country de-cided to abandon the next technological revolution, another country would gladly take it up.However, there are comforting situations in which technology may brake itself.
In the aging population of the developed world, many people are already tired of trying to keep up with the latest cool new tech. Youth-driven tech acceleration could be interpreted as simple youth-ful stupidity—short-sighted and short-lived.The market for change could dry up, and lock-in might again become the norm. Stress and great tiredness make powerful decelerators.Change that is too rapid can be deeply divisive. If only the elite (精英) can keep up, the rest of us will grow increasingly puzzled about how the world works. We can understand natural biology, complex as it is, because it holds still. But how will we ever be able to understand quantum com-puting (量子计算) or nanotechnology if its complexity keeps accelerating away from us?Constant technological revolution makes planning difficult, and a society that stops planning for the future is likely to become a fragile society. It could experience violent economic unrest. It could slip into wars fought with cruel new weapons. Its widespread new technologies could fail in massive or horrible ways. All these constant, worrying small failures could weaken the whole so-cial progress.With so many powerful forces at play, technology could hyper-accelerate to the stars with astonish-
ing rapidity, or it could stop completely. My expectation is that it will do both, with various tech-nologies proceeding at various rates. The new technologies may be self-accelerating, but they are not self-determining. They are the result of ever renegotiated agreement with society. Because they are so powerful, their paths may undergo wild swings, but I think the trend will be toward the dy-namic middle:much slower than the optimists expect, much faster than the pessimists think human-ity can bear.1.Supporters of technology self-acceleration hold the view that　　    .A.the society is free to make the technology go more slowlyB.the high rate of computer tech is of great benefit to humanC.robotics has developed less rapidly than computer technologyD.self-accelerating technologies promote international cooperation2.According to the passage, what may slow down the accelerating technology?A.A carefully planned society.B.The simple youthful stupidity. C.People's stress and exhaustion.D.The rapid change of the market.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。作者在文章中探讨了科技进步是否过快的问题,并表明科技发展趋势为动态居中。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 Rapid development in computer technology, they point out, has separated robotics and the Internet—to the great benefit of industry and human communications.可知本题选择B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 Stress and great tiredness make powerful deceler-ators.可知此题选C项。3.D　主旨要义题。文章第一段最后一句说明公众对科技发展是否过快表示担心。阅读全文可知作者通过论证自己的观点来缓解公众恐惧,故选D项。4.D　逻辑结构题。文章的第一段引出论题,第二段说明支持科技快速发展的观点,第三段引出科技降速的三种情况,与第二段观点并列,并分别在第四、五、六段中阐释,最后一段作者总结自己的观点,故选D项。
高级语块　1.put the brakes on... 阻止……2.hold still 保持不变
长难句    Differing fundamentally from the prior technologies such as telephones, televisions and automobiles, which are better known as lock-in, the new technologies—computers, biotechnology and nanotech—are self-accelerating.之前的科技产品诸如电话、电视机和汽车等被更确切地称为封闭设备,与其完全不同的是,新的科技产品—电脑、生物技术及纳米技术正在自我加速。Differing fundamentally from...为现在分词短语作伴随状语;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰the prior technologies。
Group 4Passage 1(2017北京朝阳一模, B)词数:423Envelope BudgetFrom McDonald's to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget. It was nothing to run to a drive-through to pick up a cold drink or a quick bite to eat. It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase. For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food.One day I sat down and calculated that I was spending a surprising $40 a week on fast food. I con-sumed a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers!Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with $20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the entire week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it was mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there were no more fast food stops that week.The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Son-ic, I would purchase a small. It was still satisfying but not nearly as pricey. Instead of eating a
whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. Many days, the thought of hanging on to the money for a special purpose meant more to me than the instant satisfaction of fast food. I never really felt unhappy because it was a conscious choice to spend or save with each purchase.Envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week.Changing the way I spent the money on fast food not only helped my budget, but improved my weight. In the first month I was able to get rid of 5 pounds by simply changing the way I ap-proached spending the money on fast food. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life.1.According to Paragraph 1, the author　　    . A.had no time to cook for herselfB.was fond of fast food very muchC.lived with a small amount of moneyD.got some benefits from using her card
2.The author set her envelope budget to　　    . A.buy fast food at a good bargainB.save money to buy more fast foodC.make fast food spending under control D.get rid of the habit of eating fast food3.We can infer from the last paragraph that　　    . A.envelope budget is good for the author's health B.the budget means a pressure on lifeC.it is unusual to make some changesD.it is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Why the author became addicted to fast food. B.Why the author took envelope budget seriously.C.How fast food controlled the author's behavior.D.How envelope budget changed the author's life.
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。作者讲述了通过“信封预算”的方式帮助自己省下了花在快餐上的费用,而且还获得了其他的好处。1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food可知本题选择B项。2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第三句Instead of reducing my guilty pleasures, I decided to give myself a strong budget to reduce my consumption.可知作者是为了控制自己在快餐上的花费,故选择C项。3.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段所述可知,作者在快餐上的花费少了,意味着吃快餐的量减少了,体重随之减少,所以不光是省下了钱,还对身体有益处,故选择A项。4.D　主旨要义题。文章的标题便是Envelope Budget,而且最后一段的最后一句作者也提到I am not upset, but empowered to make positive choices to improve my life.所以作者是想告诉读者这种预算方式是如何改变了自己的生活的,故选择D项。
Passage 2(2017北京西城一模,C)词数:490The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won't help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2016,ten London pigeons became famous. These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below. The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London's air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union's legal limit. Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollu-tion” in 2014.A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing's 751D·Park in September 2016.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles(颗粒)are sucked into the tower where they re-ceive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate
and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog particles does not take much cur-rent,” Roosegaarde said.As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free” cuff links(袖扣). If the waste is col-lected on a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material. Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a build-ing, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳)out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,” says Dring. The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles' cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public's attention.
1.The ten pigeons in London were used to　　    . A.monitor air pollution　　B.warn LondonersC.update weather forecast　　D.promote backpacks2.What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?A.Its power consumption is high.B.PM waste from it can be reused.C.It is built of agricultural by-products. D.It can attract light and wind from all sides.3.What's the best title for the passage?A.When can humans get rid of smog?B.Why is technology used to fight smog?C.How are the world's cities fighting smog?D.What makes smog a worldwide problem?
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。现在很多大城市都有严重的空气污染问题,很多城市都采取了一些解决措施。污染问题需要得到公众的足够重视。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution.可知本题选择A项。2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第六段的第一句As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste.可知本题选择B项。3.C　主旨要义题。文章第一段的第一句The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities.和最后一段的第一句The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting.都提到了与空气污染的战争打响了,文中介绍了一些城市应对空气污染采取的一些措施,因此最合适的标题是C项。4.B　逻辑结构题。文章的第一段介绍与空气污染的斗争正在进行,并引出一些应对措施,第二段至第七段介绍了三个城市应对空气污染的措施,可分为三个主要要点,在第二个要点Smog Free Tower中又分了两个方面来进行介绍,所以第二个要点下分出两个次要点,最后一段说明需要引起更多人的注意,因此本题选择B项。
高级语块　suck...into...把……吸入……
长难句　Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles' cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public's attention.即使没有一个想法获得成功,可至少查尔斯王子的袖扣、建筑物的特殊表面以及鸽子背的背包都将会引起大众对这个问题的更多重视。句中even if引导让步状语从句,主句的主语是Prince Charles' cuff links, the special building sur-face and pigeons wearing backpacks,谓语是will have brought。
Passage 3(2017北京海淀二模, D)词数:498College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had second thoughts about their cho-sen major and intended career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! Although your major, coursework, and academic performance are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors on where you can work. So, just how important is your major to your job search?Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teach-er, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an accredited nursing pro-gram, you won't be able to take the nursing licensure exam. In these cases, successfully complet-ing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don't necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the nec-
essary skills to be hired as an accountant. Although social work majors are most prepared to pro-vide case management services to struggling populations, students who majored in psychology or sociology can be just as qualified. Lastly, there are many industries, such as professional sales, education(non-teaching positions), in-surance, and customer service management, which hire new graduates from several more majors, looking for more generalized requirements. They may simply want to know the student has com-pleted his or her bachelor's degree, which demonstrates college-level math and writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes. Your non-aca-demic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during col-lege, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers. If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or vic-tim advocacy(辩护). You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn't
the case. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well. If you don't know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or aca-demic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await! 1.To be a customer service manager, college graduates　　    .A.need to have related qualities B.should pass a licensing examC.are required to major in insurance D.must have relevant experiences2.What is probably the best title for the passage?A.Major Ups Your CareerB.Why Your College Major MattersC.How Important Your Major Is to Your JobD.Major VS Career:Which Is Right for You3.The writer thinks that　　    .A.majors are closely linked to career pathsB.students of science tend to receive higher salaries C.volunteer experiences help graduates get employedD.social work graduates have more employment opportunities
答案    [语篇解读]　本篇文章为议论文。作者从两个方面论述了大学生所学专业与其对应工作的联系。1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段Lastly, there are many industries, such as professional sales, education(non-teaching positions), insurance, and customer service management, which hire new graduates from several more majors, looking for more generalized requirements. They may simply want to know the student has completed his or her bachelor's degree, which demonstrates college-level math and writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.可知本题选择A项。2.C　主旨要义题。文章第一段的最后一句作者已经通过提问的方式引出了主旨:So, just how important is your major to your job search?因此本题选择C项。3.C　细节理解题。文章倒数第二段的Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work..., volunteer,...?If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers. If you volunteered with a non-profit organization..., seek out positions in social services... You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.告诉大学毕业生,如果你有当过志愿者的经历,那也会对你找工作有所帮助的,因此选择C项。
4.B　逻辑结构题。文章在第一段引出中心论点后,首先针对大学生在学校学习的专业分成三类阐述了所学专业和相对应的工作的关系。其次作者指出不是只有在学校里学习的专业课程才对找工作有用,大学期间的社会工作经历也同样重要,因此本文总共有两个主要要点,第一个要点又分为三个次要点,所以本题选择B项。
高级语块　be crucial to对……至关重要
Passage 4(2017北京海淀第一学期期末, D)词数:419There is no doubt e-commerce is growing, and it will continue to grow. However, physical stores would not die as a result of the rise of e-commerce, at least not in the near future. The idea that e-commerce is taking over physical stores has already misguided many people. Physical stores are far from vanishing, and there are some solid reasons for it.The projections for online spending are optimistic with $150 billion expected to be spent in the coming three years, yet we are also expecting $300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration. Do you still think that physical-store shopping is too small to sustain the e-com-merce blow?Even though consumers are staying away from physical stores that follow older concepts, yet we are seeing the rise of fresh concept stores all around the US. We are seeing innovative and attrac-tive success stories of physical stores, ranging from clothes stores to restaurants to health spas. It would be easy to assume that this trend will continue.
Indeed, many shopping malls are dying, yet there are still those shopping centers that are perform-ing well. You can see this for yourself by visiting shopping malls near you. What I want to empha-size here is that not all shopping centers are made equal, just like not all e-commerce retailers are made equal. Both shopping malls and e-commerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations.When you visit shopping centers that are seri-ous about their business, you would see their shops and parking lots packed.On the other hand, even e-tailers like Amazon have experimented with pop-up shopping concepts. It is important to bear in mind that consumers prefer face-to-face interactions instead of online in-teractions during shopping, meaning that physical stores are going to stay there.Still, e-commerce retailers are seeing all of their excitement disappear as they settle the sales tax problem associated withe-tailing. As of now, five states of America have already imposed sales tax on purchases through e-commerce sites, and e-tailers in those states have already witnessed 6 to 12 percent decrease in sales. This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their
growth, you are omitting a huge chunk of the retail representation.1.The underlined word “projections” in Paragraph 2 probably means　　    .A.intentions　　B.assessmentsC.performances　　D.predictions2.What can we infer from the passage?A.E-tailers are more creative businesses.B.Fresh concepts help build good business.C.Fewer consumers will visit physical stores.D.Physical stores can't stand the blow of e-commerce.3.What is the best title for this passage?A.Is Offline Spending Greater than Online Spending?B.Online Stores vs Physical Stores—What's the Difference?C.Will Physical Stores replace E-Commerce in the Near Future?D.Does E-Commerce Success Mean Physical Stores Will Disappear?
答案    [语篇解读]　本文为议论文。随着电子商务的发展越来越快,有些人认为实体店最终会消失,作者则不这么认为。1.D　推测词义题。根据下划线词后的yet we are also expecting $300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration可以看出加下划线的单词与expecting意思相近,故选择D项,prediction预测。2.B　推理判断题。根据第四段的第四句Both shopping malls and e-commerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations.可知本题选择B项。3.D　主旨要义题。根据文章第一段的最后两句The idea that e-commerce is taking over physi-cal stores has already misguided many people. Physical stores are far from vanishing, and there are some solid reasons for it,以及最后一段This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their growth, you are omitting a huge chunk of the retail rep-resentation.可知最贴切的标题是D项。
4.C　逻辑结构题。文章首先提出中心论点——实体店不会因为电子商务的崛起而消失。下文中作者从两个要点主要论述了为什么实体店不会消失,每个要点下又各自分出两个次要点,因此本题选择C项。
长难句　The idea that e-commerce is taking over physical stores has already misguided many people.电子商务将会接替实体店的想法已经误导了很多人。主句中的主语是the idea,谓语是has misguided,that e-commerce is taking over physical stores是同位语从句,对idea进行解释说明。
C组　2017—2019年高考模拟·应用创新题组Passage 1 (2019 5·3原创冲刺卷一,B)词数:343　　Allen Iverson was born on June 7, 1975, in Hampton, Virginia, to Ann Iverson, a single, teenage mom. Ann moved with her infant son to the Newport News, Virginia, an apartment of her new boyfriend Michael Freeman, who became the father figure in Iverson's life. However, Free-man was arrested in 1991 for dealing drugs, and Iverson and his sisters soon had to endure de-plorable living conditions at home. In spite of all the hardship, Iverson proved himself a gifted athlete. He led Bethel High School's basketball and football teams to state titles as a junior, earning the AP High School Player of the Year award in both sports. However, his promise was nearly derailed by his involvement in a fight-ing incident in February 1993.Despite differing accounts of what transpired—Iverson claimed he left before the fighting even started—he was convicted of guilt and sentenced to 15 years in prison. After serving four months, Iverson was granted conditional release by Virginia's first black gover-
nor, Doug Wilder. On being convinced by Ann and seeing Iverson's talent, Coach John Thompson accepted to coach him. Iverson won a full scholarship to Georgetown University. At Georgetown, Iverson was an arts major, while fascinating fans on the basketball court. His days at Georgetown were marked by 2 Big East Defensive Player of the Year awards, Rookie of the Year award, 1995—1996 All-Tournament 1st Team, and a gold medal for his win at the World University Games in Japan in 1995.He was also the Georgetown's all-time scorer. In his first season he was named Schick Rookie of the Year. In his next few years of the NBA, Iverson led the 76ers in the 1997—1998 season in scoring. During the 2000—2001 NBA season, Iverson made outstanding plays, which were honored with his being named League MVP. He took the 76ers to the playoffs and de-spite the team's loss to the Lakers, Iverson was a standout on the court with his fast moves and in-credible shots.1.How long did Iverson stay in jail?A.15 years.　　B.4 months.C.8 months.　　D.4 years.
2. The underlined word “deplorable” in Paragraph 1 probably means 　　    .A.aggressive　　B.prosperousC.unpleasant　　D.self-confident3.What can we infer from Paragraph 2 about Iverson?A.His stepfather was sent to prison.B.He was involved in a lawsuit. C.He felt a sense of responsibility to his family.D.He won various awards from competitions at Georgetown University.4.Which is the most suitable title for the passage?A.Allen Iverson's early life storyB.Allen Iverson's awardsC.Allen Iverson's working experienceD.Allen Iverson declared for the NBA draft
答案    [语篇解读]　这篇文章简述了前NBA篮球明星阿伦·艾弗森的早期人生经历及其获得的各种荣誉。1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中After serving four months...可知选B。2.C　推测词义题。根据文章第一段内容,在母亲的新男友由于贩毒入狱以后,艾弗森和他的姐妹们的生活应该是陷入了艰难困苦的局面,所以C项符合题意。aggressive富于攻击性的;好斗的;有进取心的。prosperous繁荣的;兴旺的。unpleasant令人不快的;不舒服的。self-confi-dent自信的。3.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的...he was convicted of guilt and sentenced to 15 years in prison. 可以判断艾弗森被定罪,即卷入了诉讼案件,所以B正确。4.A　主旨要义题。根据对文章的综合分析,文章主要描述的是艾弗森早年的人生经历,从童年的家庭情况到中学和大学,直到参加NBA比赛获得各种荣誉的情况。所以A选项正确。
Passage 2 (2019 5·3原创预测卷二,C)词数:324　　Researchers have found that a substance used in toothpaste could be developed to fight drug-resistant (抗药的) forms of the disease malaria (疟疾). The researchers say the finding came from a study involving a “robot scientist”. They said it was programmed with Artificial Intelligence (AI)—the ability to copy human behavior and make decisions.The scientists identified the common ingredient (原料) in toothpaste as triclosan (三氯生). They said it showed the ability to stop malaria infections both in the liver and in the blood.Malaria kills around 500 million people every year. The majority of them are children in the poor-est parts of Africa. The disease can be treated with a number of drugs, but resistance to these medicines is increasing. The Reuters news agency notes this raises the risk that some malaria vari-eties may become untreatable in the future. Because of this, the search for new medicines was be-coming increasingly urgent, says Steve Oliver, who helped to lead the study.Malaria viruses are passed to humans through the bites of an infective female mosquito. The WHO says the insects mainly get the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. In humans, malaria parasites (寄生虫) work their way into the liver, where the organisms develop and repro-
duce. They then move into red blood cells and spread around the body, causing a rise in the body temperature and possibly life-threatening conditions.Scientists have known for some time that triclosan can stop malaria parasites' growth in the blood. They say it is able to restrict the action of an enzyme (酶). In toothpaste products, triclosan helps to prevent a build-up of plaque bacteria in the mouth. “The discovery by our robot colleague, that triclosan is effective against malaria targets, offers hope that we may be able to use it to develop a new drug,” wrote Elizabeth Bilsland, a co-leader of the study. She added that the ingredient is safe and can help to prevent the parasite from becom-ing more resistant.1.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A.How the insects get the viruses.B.How the malaria parasites enter people's livers.C.How malaria viruses affect people's health.D.How serious it is when parasites enter red blood cells and spread around the body.
2.Why is the search for new medicines becoming more and more vital?A.Because some former medicines have no effect.B.Because some malaria varieties might not be cured in the future.C.Because the supply of former medicines falls short of the demand.D.Because new medicines are more affordable in the poorest parts of Africa. 3.Which of the following best describes Elizabeth Bilsland's attitude towards the new discovery?A.Concerned.　　B.Skeptical.C.Ambiguous.　　D.Optimistic.4.The main purpose of the passage is to　　    .A.inform and explain　　B.compare and evaluateC.argue and discuss　　D.examine and assess
答案    [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了研究人员发现在牙膏里面有一种物质可以用来对抗抗药性疟疾并解释了这种发现的科学依据。1.C　主旨要义题。分析第四段内容可知,该段主要介绍了疟疾病毒是怎样影响人们的健康的。故正确答案为C。2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中The Reuters news agency notes this raises the risk that some malaria varieties may become untreatable in the future. Because of this, the search for new medicines was becoming increasingly urgent, says Steve Oliver, who helped to lead the study.可知,因为使用现在的药物可能控制不了一些疟疾品种,所以对新药的寻找变得越来越紧迫。故正确答案为B。3.D　推理判断题。综合分析最后一段的内容可知,Elizabeth Bilsland对目前的新发现的态度是乐观的。故正确答案为D。4.A　主旨要义题。纵观全文内容可知,本文主要给读者介绍了研究人员发现在牙膏里面有一种物质可以用来对抗抗药性疟疾,并解释了这种发现的科学依据。故正确答案为A。