【讲语法】05 句子成分和基本句型高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）

这是一份【讲语法】05 句子成分和基本句型高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共28页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Lesson 3 ，句子成分与基本句型，↓主语，↓谓语，↓定语，↓宾语，↓同位语，↓状语，动词不定式等内容，欢迎下载使用。

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语（subject）和谓语（predicate）次要成分：表语（predicative）、宾语（bject）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、
同位语（appsitive)
补足语（cmplement）、
I met my best friend Tm at the statin yesterday.
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
1. There are tw bys.
2. What can we d?
3. Here cmes the bus.
主语一般位于句首。但there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后.只能由动词和动词短语充当。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every mrning.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld.
Get up early is gd fr ur health.
Getting up early is gd fr ur health.√
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
宾语种类：单宾语I lve yu.双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语)Lend me yur dictinary, please.复合宾语（宾语+宾补）They elected him their mnitr.
表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，放在连系动词之后。常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等充当。
状态系 动词：be 动词：am, is, are…表象系动词：seem, appear, prve 感官系动词：smell, feel, taste, sund, lk …变化系动词：becme, get, turn, g, cme, grw … 持续系动词：remain, stay, keep…终止系动词：prve, turn ut…
表语常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等充当。
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，是说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。常见的状语种类：
1. Hw abut meeting again at six? 时间状语2. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain. 原因状语3. I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 条件状语4. Mr Smith lives n the third flr. 地点状语5. She put the eggs int the basket with great care. 方式状语6. She came in with a dictinary in her hand. 伴随状语7. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder. 目的状语8. He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语9. She wrks very hard thugh she is ld. 让步状语10. I am taller than he is. 比较状语
状语一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。
补语最常见的是宾语补足语，通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。
对句中某一成分作进一步说明或解释的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语由名词、代词、数词和从句等充当。
1. 按句子的用途可分四种：陈述句：He is six years ld.（肯定句）She desn’t knw French. (否定句）疑问句：D they like skating? （一般疑问句 ）Hw ld is he? （特殊疑问句）Is he six r seven years ld?（选择疑问句 ）Mary can swim, can’t she?（反意疑问句）祈使句：Be careful, bys. Dn’t talk in class.感叹句：Hw clever the by is!
2.1 句子种类两种分类法
2. 按句子的结构可分三种：简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)He ften reads English in the mrning.Tm and Mike are American bys.并列句: 由并列连词(and, but, r等)或分号(；)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。Yu help him and he helps yu.The future is bright; the rad is trtuus. 复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。The freign visitrs tk a lt f pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
1. 主语 + 谓语 (S + V) My head aches.2. 主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P) The sng sunds nice.3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O) She speaks French.4. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2) He shwed me a pht.5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) They wn’t let me g.6. 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) The children stayed in the rm.7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) Yu shuld frget him quickly.8. 存现句 There was a cncert at the Natinal Theatre last night.
1. The machine desn’t wrk.2. He is an hnest student.3. The silk feels sft.4. I have a lt f friends here. 5. Tm lent me 200 dllars.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me t turn ff the TV.
n./adj./t d/ding
1. 表示并列、递进、顺承等，常用and, nt nly…but als…, neither…nr…, then等连接。The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is Jhn.2. 表示选择，常用的连词有r, either…r…, therwise等。Hurry up, r yu’ll miss the train.3. 表示转折、对比等，常用的连词有but, still, hwever, yet, while, when等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way f making his classes lively and interesting.It ften rains in the suth，while it seldm rains in the nrth.4. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有s, fr, therefre等。August is the time f the year fr rice harvest, s every day I wrk frm dawn until dark.
1. when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式：·be abut t d sth when... 正要做某事，这时突然……·be n the pint f ding sth when... 正要做某事，这时突然……
·be ding sth when...正在做某事，这时突然……·had dne sth when...刚做了某事，这时突然……He was abut t g t schl when a strng wind began t blw.
2.“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”。Hurry up，r yu'll be late again.
选词填空：and，but，r，s，when，fr①I wrk nt because I have t，____________ because I want t.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)②—Why were yu absent yesterday?—I caught a cld，____________ I had been walking arund in the rain.③Think it ver，____________ yu'll find a way ut.④One day，I was late，____________ my teacher was angry.⑤She was abut t g t bed ____________ the phne rang.