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北京高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解
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这是一份北京高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解，共26页。
阅读理解
Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators in the lives of their children and shrug, “It’s their life,” and feel nothing?
When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches (缝线) in my son’s head. I asked, “When do you stop worry?” The nurse said, “When they get out of the accident stage.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class. As if to read my mind, a teacher said. “Don’t worry, they all go through this stage and then you can sit back, relax and enjoy them.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open. A friend said, “They’re trying to find themselves. Don’t worry, in a few years, you can stop worrying. They’ll adults.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children, but there was a new wrinkle, there was nothing I could do about it. My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
I continued to suffer from their failures, and be absorbed in their disappointments. My friends said that when my kids got married, I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother’s warm smile and her occasional “You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home. Are you depressed about something?” Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry?
One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, “Where were you? I’ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.”
I smiled a warm smile.
1．The author intends to tell us in the passage that ________.
A．parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children
B．there is no time when parents have no worry about their children
C．it’s parents’ duty to worry about their children
D．parents don’t have to worry their children
2．The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties and fifty in order to show ________.
A．the hard times she experienced in her life
B．the different stages of her children
C．she had been worrying about her children in her life
D．the support she received from her mother
3．What can we infer from the last sentence “I smiled a warm smile”?
A．Finally the mother didn’t have to worry about her children.
B．The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.
C．At last the mother could live her own life without worry.
D．The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
4．What does the author say about people making decisions?
A．They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B．They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C．They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D．They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
5．When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A．When they take decision shortcuts.
B．When they have advisers to turn to.
C．When they have major decisions to make.
D．When they help others to make decisions.
6．What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A．They avoid trying anything new.
B．They turn to physicians for advice.
C．They tend to make risky decisions.
D．They adopt a totally new perspective.
7．What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A．It will enable people to be more creative.
B．It will more often than not end in regret.
C．It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D．It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
ECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.
To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCycling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One of the EPA’s goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. According to the EPA, the eCycling program has actually been quite successful. In 2008, the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug-In Partners.
Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores. One seller offers customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically, customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA (typically this is done by the Partners), they are reused or recycled.
Reused items are repaired and refurbished, and passed on to others as a contribution. You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too, extending the life of the items and conserving the energy of making new materials. Reusing electronic devices includes making use of the products and parts of the items. These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item. This is more efficient than making items from new materials.
Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computer, keyboards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CD players, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.
As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPA’s internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.
8．The EPA brought about “Plug-In to eCycling Partners” to ________.
A．make and offer electronic devices to consumers
B．make customers understand the importance of eCycling
C．make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e-products
D．make the program accessible to local regions and communities
9．The Plug-In Partners are mainly engaged in ________.
A．offering customers different boxes for sale
B．reusing second-hand e-products
C．gathering recyclable electronics
D．repairing electronic device
10．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To call on local governments to support Plug-In Partners.
B．To attract people to join in the eCycling programs.
C．To teach customers how to recycle electronics.
D．To introduce a new way to save costs.
As 17-year-old Norwood drove through St. Petersburg, Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached a crossroad, another car T-boned them, sending their black car sailing into the yard of a nearby house, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the other car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” .The impact had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. Shaken, but still OK, she crawled out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse.” Nothing. “I put my head against her chest.” No sign of life. “That’s when I started CPR.”
If the accident had happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But Norwood, who wants to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she’d learned.
She started pressing Simmons’s chest with her crossed fingers and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No response. And then, after the 30th press, Simmons began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!
Soon, an ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she received stitches(缝合) for a wound in her forehead. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t shocked,” said Simmons. “She will always help any way she can.”
11．Norwood ran back to the damaged car just in order to ______.
A．practice CPR B．help her friend out
C．open the back door D．stop the explosion
12．Which of the following words can best describe Norwood?
A．Brave. B．Creative. C．Ambitious. D．Optimistic.
13．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Pursuit of dream B．Breath of life
C．Recovery from injury D．Loss of memory
Gas boilers, which are popular as a choice for heating our homes, are filled with problems. Lack of room-by-room control means you could be left cold and unhappy, meanwhile possibly polluting the environment with harmful gases. The inefficiency of gas heaters could also cost you hundreds of pounds in repairs.
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A cleaner future
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14．The Fischer EB is environmental friendly mainly because ______.
A．it runs only on electricity B．it’s simple to operate
C．it costs less money in repairs D．it’s easy to maintain
15．With a Fischer EB, people can control the temperature by ______.
A．using a special steel B．programming the boiler
C．installing a water tank D．adding an extra button
16．The purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．find an applicant B．share a technology
C．introduce a service D．promote a product
My home is in Demonton near a river valley. It is a beautiful area that has been made into a park with meters of hiking trails (小路) along the river.
One day I discovered a trail I had never seen before. It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was covered with ice. I was alone at the time and even though I was terrified, I still wanted to go for a walk. Just this thought made my heart beat faster. I shook, not from the cold, although it was probably around -15℃, but from the fear. I knew I had to do it.
I moved forward slowly and put one foot on the trail, then the other. Thus I continued, one foot in front of the other I went very slowly down the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cold. I had no idea how long it would take me to travel along the trail, but I didn’t care. I just wanted to conquer my fear.
At last, I succeeded! At least that’s how I felt. I nearly ran down the trail. Well, not exactly ran, but it felt like that compare with my extremely slow speed in the beginning.
Maybe you don’t think this is much of a story, but I just want to tell you that we never know what’s around the corner. If you compare this story to life, you’ll see that we have no idea where life is going to take us, or how many easy or difficult trails there are to choose from until we make a choice! The point is: we have the freedom to choose!
17．Which of the following words can best describe the trail the author discovered?
A．Steep and muddy. B．Icy and slippery.
C．Rough and wide. D．Narrow and wet.
18．What do we know about the author?
A．He liked taking adventures. B．He covered the trail with fear.
C．He ran quickly along the trail. D．He went down the trail with his friend.
19．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it was very warm that day
B．the trail was not far from the river
C．the trail was far from the author’s home
D．the author had walked along the trail before
20．By talking about his experience, the author mainly wants to tell us that ________.
A．Rome was not built in a day
B．things may not seem so dangerous in the end
C．it’s worth challenging our fears and pushing on
D．we don’t have the freedom to do anything we like
When I give public lectures about the climate crisis, the most common question people pose is: “Are you an optimist or a pessimist?”
My answer is yes. California has achieved dramatic emissions reductions in a thriving economy, which makes me hopeful, yet in general the fossil-fuel industry is determined not to change. The second most common question is: “What can I, personally, do?”
That’s a tough one. The major drivers of climate change are collective enterprises such as power grids, industry, large-scale agriculture and transportation systems. Substantial emissions reductions in these settings most likely will not come from personal actions; they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised building codes and supports for green investment.
Some people have argued that calls for individual action actually distract us from corporate responsibility. That could explain why the fossil-fuel industry is fond of such requests. Oil giant BP popularized and promoted the idea of a carbon footprint, deflecting attention to its customers who, it suggests, should take personal responsibility by lowering their carbon footprints. One study found that focusing on individual activity actually undermines support for more effective policy initiatives such as a carbon tax. Another problem with personal behavior is that people do not like to be told what to do.
Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. One effective act, and one that can be amplified, is to eat less red meat. Cutting meat consumption is a powerful and personal thing most Americans can do to tackle the climate crisis, and they can do it immediately. About 40 percent of greenhouse gases come from agriculture, deforestation and other land-use changes. Meat — particularly beef — drives climate change in two ways: first, through cows’ emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and second, by destroying forests as they are converted to grazing land to satisfy the global demand for beef. By eating less beef, we can start to decrease that demand. You do not have to become a vegan to do this. If every person in the U.S. cut their meat consumption by 25 percent, it would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 1 percent. That might not sound like a lot, but it would help protect the rain forest, so the positive effects — including reduced water and fertilizer use, improved biodiversity and safeguarded rights of indigenous peoples — would be amplified.
Perhaps most important, social action is contagious — in a good way. If lots of us begin to eat less meat and if we talk about it constructively, we will likely influence others. Pretty soon the 1 percent reduction becomes 2 percent or more. Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand will influence industry. Forty years ago few mainstream supermarkets carried organic products; now nearly all do. Consumer demand did that.
Cutting back on red meat also has the added benefit of being good for your health. So while I wouldn’t advise governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”
21．Which one plays the most decisive role in emissions reductions according to the passage?
A．Individual actions. B．Fossil-fuel industries.
C．The thriving economy. D．Effective laws and policies.
22．What do we learn from the passage?
A．Indigenous peoples turn forests into grazing land.
B．Meat is considered as the biggest driver of climate change.
C．Small individual acts can make a big difference collectively.
D．Most Americans have to become vegans to tackle the climate crisis.
23．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.
24．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage？
A．To explain ways to reduce carbon footprint.
B．To persuade people to cut meat consumption.
C．To evaluate the effects of healthy eating habits.
D．To argue against the emission policies of industries.
About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.
That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”.
It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.”
In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians.
The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia.
That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.”
“Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title.
25．Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from?
A．His exploration of the local music.
B．His cooperation with the young violinist.
C．His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat.
D．His constantly changing taste in violin styles.
26．According to the passage, the series of documentaries ________.
A．help Hoffman to become a master violin player
B．are funded by American public television stations
C．introduce different styles of musicians around the world
D．record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles
27．The title of the documentary “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood” is used to emphasize ________.
A．the power of diversified artistic expression
B．the pleasure in learning traditional music
C．the technique of instrument playing
D．the importance of famous artists
Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role modelsis like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”
28．Imitation proves useful when you________.
A．know you are unique
B．lose the balance of life
C．begin to learn something new
D．get tired of routine practice
29．According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are________.
A．desperate to influence others with their knowledge
B．ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C．eager to discover what their ancestors did
D．willing to accept others’ ideas
30．The trouble a creator faces is________.
A．the lack of strong motivation
B．the absence of practical ideas
C．how to search for more materials
D．how to use imagination creatively
31．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To highlight the importance of creativity.
B．To criticize the characters of role models.
C．To compare imitation with creation.
D．To explain the meaning of success.
It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory.
Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society.
Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言辞). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold.
Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words.
The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.
Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that?
Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.
32．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning.
B．Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities.
C．Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays.
D．Primary reading once dominated higher education.
33．What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Practice. B．Priority. C．Investigation. D．Interpretation.
34．What does the author think of idle talk?
A．It broadens people’s understanding.
B．It affects independent thinking ability.
C．It shakes people’s trust in news report.
D．It promotes the advance of social media.
35．What message does the author convey?
A．Readers should stay away from idle talk.
B．Readers should read original texts carefully.
C．Readers should limit the impact of social media.
D．Readers should take a balanced view on reading.
参考答案：
1．B
2．C
3．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。以一名家长的视角阐述了一个道理：只要是家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子。
1．
推理判断题。根据文章开头“Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions?”(有没有一个神奇的截止期，让孩子们对自己的行为负责？)以及根据第二段中的“When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son’s head.”(当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针。)；和第三段中“When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class.”(30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。)；以及第四段中“When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.”(在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开。)根据第五段“By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children”（到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们）可知，作者身为家长，在每个年龄段都会对孩子时时牵挂。故选B。
2．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son’s head.”(当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针。)；和第三段中“When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class.”(30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。)；以及第四段中“When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.”(在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开。)，根据第五段“By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children”（到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们）可知作者在提及各个年龄阶段，是为了说明无论孩子年龄多大，任何家长对子女的担心和关心都是始终如一的。C项与此符合，也与本文的主旨：每个家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子，相符。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, Where were you? I’ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.”(上个月，我的一个孩子打电话问我：“你在哪里？”我打了三天电话，没人接，我是很担心的。)可知，作者的孩子开始关心和担心作者了，作者觉到孩子们懂事了长大了，因此很开心。故选B。
4．B
5．D
6．A
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
5．
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
7．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
8．D
9．C
10．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了eCycling这一项目的开展情况和人们的参与情况。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCycling Partners.”(为了将该项目推广到地区和社区层面，美国环境保护署指导了Plug-In to eCycling Partners项目。)”可知，美国环境保护署推出了Plug-In to eCycling Partners计划，是为了使当地地区和社区都可以使用该项目。故选D项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段“They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products.(它们为地方政府、零售商和制造商提供了重复使用和回收其产品的机会。然后，那些制造和提供电子设备的公司会为消费者提供重复使用二手电子产品的项目和机会。)”可知，Plug-In Partners主要从事的活动是收集可回收利用的电子产品。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPA’s internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.(随着eCycling计划的继续，您或您的组织可能希望参与其中。查看美国环境保护署的网站（www.epa.gov）了解区域eCycling项目，或了解贵公司如何参与的详细信息。他们的网站上有与参与电子产品回收项目的组织的链接。)”可知，本文的主要目的是吸引人们参加eCycling项目。故选B项。
11．B
12．A
13．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的Norwood在遭遇车祸后，如何用自己所学的心肺复苏术及时救助了好朋友。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段“But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could.(但是走到一半的时候，她发现她最好的朋友Simmons没有和他们在一起。Norwood跑回损坏严重的汽车，发现Simmons,躺在后座上。“她没有动，” Norwood告诉记者。她猛地打开后门，把她的朋友拉了出来，尽量避开破碎的玻璃。)”可知，Norwood跑回受损的汽车是为了帮助她的朋友脱险。故选B。
12．
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“As smoke rose from the other car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” .（当另一辆车冒出浓烟时，一名旁观者喊道：“就要爆炸了！快出去！”）”和第三段“But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. (但是走到一半的时候，她发现她最好的朋友Simmons没有和他们在一起。Norwood跑回损坏严重的汽车，发现Simmons,躺在后座上。“她没有动，” Norwood告诉记者。她猛地打开后门，把她的朋友拉了出来，尽量避开破碎的玻璃。她把Simmons拖了几英尺到安全的地方，把她放在地上。)”可知，Norwood明知有危险，还去救朋友，表现出了勇敢的品质。故选A。
13．
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“She started pressing Simmons’s chest with her crossed fingers and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.(她开始用交叉的手指按压西蒙斯的胸部，向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能让生命之吻充满她的肺部。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述的是Norwood在遭遇车祸后，冒着汽车爆炸的危险救出自己的朋友，当发现朋友没有气息时，她又用自己的急救知识为朋友施行心肺复苏术，成功救了自己的朋友。所以朋友重新恢复气息时，象征着朋友活了下来。所以“Breath of life (生命的呼吸)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
14．A
15．B
16．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，主要介绍了Fischer EB电锅炉。
14．
第一句细节理解题。根据第四段“Fischer Electric Boilers run only on electricity, meaning if you are supplied with renewable energy you can heat your home without worrying about any harmful gases or pollutants.( Fischer电锅炉只靠电力运行，这意味着如果你使用的是可再生能源，你就可以为你的家供暖，而不用担心任何有害气体或污染物。)”可知，Fischer电锅炉环保的主要原因是它只靠电力运行。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一二句“Fischer EB comes with a wireless thermostat(恒温计) that has been designed for easy and simple use. Program your Fischer EB boiler to make sure you are getting the right temperature when you need it.(Fischer EB配备了一个无线恒温器，其设计目的是方便和简单的使用。给你的Fischer EB锅炉编程，确保你在需要的时候得到正确的温度。)”可知，人们在使用Fischer EB电锅炉的时候，可以通过对温度编程来控制温度。故选B。
16．
推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句“Act now! Apply an energy efficient Fischer Electric boiler and replace your huge, inefficient gas or oil boiler. Benefit from controllability and comfort this winter.(现在就行动！使用节能的Fischer电锅炉，取代你的巨大，低效的燃气或燃油锅炉。这个冬天您将从可控性和舒适性中获益。)”可推断，文章的主要目的是推销这款产品。故选D。
17．B
18．B
19．B
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述的是作者克服恐惧走过一条较险的小路的故事，由此告诉大家克服恐惧，勇往直前。
17．
细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was covered with ice.”（它非常的陡，而且很滑，因为路面结满了冰。）可知，这条路很陡，而且结满了冰。故选B项。
18．
推理判断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句“I shook, not from the cold, although it was probably around -15°C, but from the fear.”（我颤抖着，是因为害怕，而不是因为冷，尽管当时可能零下15度左右。）可知，当作者产生要走这条小路的想法时就已经害怕得发抖了。第三段的前三句“I moved forward slowly and put one foot on the trail, then the other. Thus I continued, one foot in front of the other I went very slowly down the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cold.”（我慢慢地往前挪，先一只脚踩在小路上，然后另一只脚再踩在上面。于是我继续往前走，双脚前后交替着慢慢地沿着小路走下去，每走一步都会发抖。尽管我觉得冷，但我还是出汗了。）描述的是作者走这条小路的动作，从慢慢地往前挪，每走一步都会发抖等细节可以看出作者是带着恐惧走这条小路的。故选B项。
19．
推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句“It is a beautiful area that has been made into a park with meters of hiking trails (小路) along the river.”（这个地区很美，已建成公园，沿河有几米长的徒步小路。）可知，这条小路离小河不远。故选B项。
20．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ If you compare this story to life, you’ll see that we have no idea where life is going to take us, or how many easy or difficult trails there are to choose from until we make a choice! The point is: we have the freedom to choose!”（如果你把这个故事和生活相比较，你会发现我们不知道生活将带我们去哪里，也不知道有多少容易或困难的道路可以选择，直到我们做出选择!关键是:我们有选择的自由!）以及通读全文，作者讲述的这个经历是：面对着一条较险的小路，作者心生恐惧，但是最终仍然克服了恐惧，成功地走过了这条小路，所以作者是想借自己的经历告诉我们要挑战恐惧，继续向前，C项符合题意。故选C项。
21．D
22．C
23．D
24．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过个人的努力，也可以为减少碳足迹贡献自己的力量。
21．
细节理解题。根据第三段“they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised building codes and supports for green investment.(它们将来自法律和政策，如碳定价体系、修订的建筑法规和对绿色投资的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在减排中起决定性作用。故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据第五段“Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. (然而，个人行为可以发展成有影响力的群体活动。)”及下文所举少吃肉的例子可推断，小的个人行为可以产生大的影响。故选C。
23．
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. (如果我们很多人开始少吃肉，如果我们建设性地谈论它，我们很可能会影响其他人。很快，1%的减少就变成了2%或更多。)”可知，社会行动具有传染性。所以contagious为“感染性的；传播性的”之意。故选D。
24．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So while I wouldn’t advise governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”(所以，虽然我不会建议政府下令人们停止吃汉堡包，但如果有人问：“我能做什么?”一个简单而准确的回答是:“少吃肉。”一切都在你的掌控之中，你现在就可以开始。这对你和地球都有好处。”)”及全文可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释如何通过个人努力减少碳足迹的方法。故选A。
25．A
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小提琴家Daniel Hoffman尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，并将这段经历拍成了纪录片。
25．
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa. (坐在小提琴手同伴的摩托车后座上，霍夫曼穿梭于城市的后街，然后开始学习安达卢西亚音乐，这是北非的古典音乐。)”和第二段“That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept ‘musical extreme sports’. (这段经历让我产生了一个想法：在短短一周的时间里，尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，会是什么感觉?哦。是的，在那个周末，开一场音乐会。他甚至为“音乐极限运动”这个概念取了个名字。)”可知，霍夫曼关于音乐极限运动的想法来自于对北非当地音乐的探索。故选A。
26．
细节理解题。根据第五段“The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. (霍夫曼希望这部电影能成为一系列短纪录片的第一部，展示他如何学习以各种风格拉小提琴，包括南印度、瑞典、希腊、罗马尼亚和西弗吉尼亚州的民间音乐。)”可知，这个系列纪录片记录了霍夫曼学习各种小提琴风格的经历。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。根据第六段“‘The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,’ says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. ‘It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.’ (“最大的笑话是fiddle和violin有什么区别?”，传统长笛演奏家尼尔·基根说：“是你在上面演奏的音乐让它成为爱尔兰音乐、英国音乐、法国音乐、古典音乐、爵士乐或其他任何音乐。是我们如何想象它，如何通过它创造，成就并赋予了它个性。”)”可推知，小提琴的价值在于多元的艺术表现，你在上面演奏的音乐赋予它个性，“否则，它就是一根木柴”，所以纪录片的标题“Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood”强调了多元艺术表达的力量。故选A。
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了要创新，不要盲目模仿。
28．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. (在技能或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有帮助的)”以及所举的例子可知，当你开始学习新东西时，模仿被证明是有用的。故选C。
29．
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. (愿意按照他们突然的渴望去创造一些独特的东西的人是幸运的。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们之所以能够打动你是因为他们的创作是基于灵感而不是绝望)”可知，根据作者的观点，世界因为那些准备把他们的原始想法变成现实的人而前进。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. (有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法。创作者面临的问题不是没有素材；而是关于如何处理敲响想象之门的材料)”可知，创造者面临的问题是如何创造性地运用想象力。故选D。
31．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. (盲目模仿是自我毁灭。对于那些认不出自己独特价值的人来说，模仿显得很有吸引力；对于那些知道自己实力的人来说，模仿是不可接受的)”及下文的论述可知，文章的主要目的是强调要创新，不要盲目模仿。故选A。
32．C
33．D
34．C
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者认为有必要恢复初级阅读，不仅仅是因为人文学科的需要，也是我们文化的需要。
32．
细节理解题。根据第一段“According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading.(哈佛大学历史学家James Hankins认为，部分问题在于“批判性”阅读压倒了“初级”阅读。)”可知，人们现在偏向于选择批判性阅读。故选C。
33．
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词前一句“The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content.(如今的惯例是，一个记者报道一个新闻，随后几十或数百名记者重复报道该内容。)”可知，现在的记者只会重复其他记者报道的内容，而不会自己去实地调查。而记者在自己写报道的时候，会增加的只有自己的解读。所以spin为“解读”之意。选项A“Practice (练习)”；选项B“Priority (优先权)”；选项C“Investigation (调查)”；选项D“Interpretation (解读)”。故选D。
34．
推理判断题。根据第五段“The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.(新冠肺炎大流行凸显了这一问题，从排斥那些敢于讨论封锁利弊的人，到宣传将口罩作为与医学或科学理由完全无关的政治身份标志。更不用说出现的关于“科学”的误导性陈述和“追随”它的社会趋势。)”可推断，作者认为记者的闲聊只会导致他们报道不科学的言论，所以会动摇人们对它的信任。故选C。
35．
推理判断题。根据第六段“We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it.(我们听到了所有的事情，而如果没有人告诉我们应该对此有什么看法，我们就什么都听不到。)”可知，人们习惯先看到观点再去了解事实。而作者并不这样认为，作者认为“Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.(初级阅读不仅仅是人文学科需要的。我们的整个文化需要它的价值被承认和恢复。)”，由此可知，作者认为人们应该对阅读抱有一种平衡的观点。故选D。
阅读理解
Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators in the lives of their children and shrug, “It’s their life,” and feel nothing?
When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches (缝线) in my son’s head. I asked, “When do you stop worry?” The nurse said, “When they get out of the accident stage.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class. As if to read my mind, a teacher said. “Don’t worry, they all go through this stage and then you can sit back, relax and enjoy them.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open. A friend said, “They’re trying to find themselves. Don’t worry, in a few years, you can stop worrying. They’ll adults.” My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children, but there was a new wrinkle, there was nothing I could do about it. My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.
I continued to suffer from their failures, and be absorbed in their disappointments. My friends said that when my kids got married, I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother’s warm smile and her occasional “You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home. Are you depressed about something?” Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry?
One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, “Where were you? I’ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.”
I smiled a warm smile.
1．The author intends to tell us in the passage that ________.
A．parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children
B．there is no time when parents have no worry about their children
C．it’s parents’ duty to worry about their children
D．parents don’t have to worry their children
2．The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties and fifty in order to show ________.
A．the hard times she experienced in her life
B．the different stages of her children
C．she had been worrying about her children in her life
D．the support she received from her mother
3．What can we infer from the last sentence “I smiled a warm smile”?
A．Finally the mother didn’t have to worry about her children.
B．The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.
C．At last the mother could live her own life without worry.
D．The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.
If you start a sentence with, “If I were you...” or find yourself scratching your head over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.
“The problem is decision fatigue, a psychological phenomenon that causes harm to the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making,” says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics (抗生素) to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It is as if there is something fun about making someone else’s choice.”
“Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good. When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo,” says Polman. “But it can be problematic since a change in the course of action can be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin (懊恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
“Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself,” Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
4．What does the author say about people making decisions?
A．They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
B．They may become exhausted making too many decisions for themselves.
C．They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
D．They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
5．When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A．When they take decision shortcuts.
B．When they have advisers to turn to.
C．When they have major decisions to make.
D．When they help others to make decisions.
6．What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
A．They avoid trying anything new.
B．They turn to physicians for advice.
C．They tend to make risky decisions.
D．They adopt a totally new perspective.
7．What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
A．It will enable people to be more creative.
B．It will more often than not end in regret.
C．It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
D．It is likely to bring about serious consequences.
ECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.
To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCycling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One of the EPA’s goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. According to the EPA, the eCycling program has actually been quite successful. In 2008, the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug-In Partners.
Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores. One seller offers customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically, customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA (typically this is done by the Partners), they are reused or recycled.
Reused items are repaired and refurbished, and passed on to others as a contribution. You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too, extending the life of the items and conserving the energy of making new materials. Reusing electronic devices includes making use of the products and parts of the items. These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item. This is more efficient than making items from new materials.
Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computer, keyboards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CD players, voice mail machines, computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smoke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.
As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPA’s internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.
8．The EPA brought about “Plug-In to eCycling Partners” to ________.
A．make and offer electronic devices to consumers
B．make customers understand the importance of eCycling
C．make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e-products
D．make the program accessible to local regions and communities
9．The Plug-In Partners are mainly engaged in ________.
A．offering customers different boxes for sale
B．reusing second-hand e-products
C．gathering recyclable electronics
D．repairing electronic device
10．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To call on local governments to support Plug-In Partners.
B．To attract people to join in the eCycling programs.
C．To teach customers how to recycle electronics.
D．To introduce a new way to save costs.
As 17-year-old Norwood drove through St. Petersburg, Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached a crossroad, another car T-boned them, sending their black car sailing into the yard of a nearby house, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the other car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” .The impact had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. Shaken, but still OK, she crawled out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse.” Nothing. “I put my head against her chest.” No sign of life. “That’s when I started CPR.”
If the accident had happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But Norwood, who wants to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she’d learned.
She started pressing Simmons’s chest with her crossed fingers and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No response. And then, after the 30th press, Simmons began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!
Soon, an ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she received stitches(缝合) for a wound in her forehead. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t shocked,” said Simmons. “She will always help any way she can.”
11．Norwood ran back to the damaged car just in order to ______.
A．practice CPR B．help her friend out
C．open the back door D．stop the explosion
12．Which of the following words can best describe Norwood?
A．Brave. B．Creative. C．Ambitious. D．Optimistic.
13．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Pursuit of dream B．Breath of life
C．Recovery from injury D．Loss of memory
Gas boilers, which are popular as a choice for heating our homes, are filled with problems. Lack of room-by-room control means you could be left cold and unhappy, meanwhile possibly polluting the environment with harmful gases. The inefficiency of gas heaters could also cost you hundreds of pounds in repairs.
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A cleaner future
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14．The Fischer EB is environmental friendly mainly because ______.
A．it runs only on electricity B．it’s simple to operate
C．it costs less money in repairs D．it’s easy to maintain
15．With a Fischer EB, people can control the temperature by ______.
A．using a special steel B．programming the boiler
C．installing a water tank D．adding an extra button
16．The purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．find an applicant B．share a technology
C．introduce a service D．promote a product
My home is in Demonton near a river valley. It is a beautiful area that has been made into a park with meters of hiking trails (小路) along the river.
One day I discovered a trail I had never seen before. It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was covered with ice. I was alone at the time and even though I was terrified, I still wanted to go for a walk. Just this thought made my heart beat faster. I shook, not from the cold, although it was probably around -15℃, but from the fear. I knew I had to do it.
I moved forward slowly and put one foot on the trail, then the other. Thus I continued, one foot in front of the other I went very slowly down the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cold. I had no idea how long it would take me to travel along the trail, but I didn’t care. I just wanted to conquer my fear.
At last, I succeeded! At least that’s how I felt. I nearly ran down the trail. Well, not exactly ran, but it felt like that compare with my extremely slow speed in the beginning.
Maybe you don’t think this is much of a story, but I just want to tell you that we never know what’s around the corner. If you compare this story to life, you’ll see that we have no idea where life is going to take us, or how many easy or difficult trails there are to choose from until we make a choice! The point is: we have the freedom to choose!
17．Which of the following words can best describe the trail the author discovered?
A．Steep and muddy. B．Icy and slippery.
C．Rough and wide. D．Narrow and wet.
18．What do we know about the author?
A．He liked taking adventures. B．He covered the trail with fear.
C．He ran quickly along the trail. D．He went down the trail with his friend.
19．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it was very warm that day
B．the trail was not far from the river
C．the trail was far from the author’s home
D．the author had walked along the trail before
20．By talking about his experience, the author mainly wants to tell us that ________.
A．Rome was not built in a day
B．things may not seem so dangerous in the end
C．it’s worth challenging our fears and pushing on
D．we don’t have the freedom to do anything we like
When I give public lectures about the climate crisis, the most common question people pose is: “Are you an optimist or a pessimist?”
My answer is yes. California has achieved dramatic emissions reductions in a thriving economy, which makes me hopeful, yet in general the fossil-fuel industry is determined not to change. The second most common question is: “What can I, personally, do?”
That’s a tough one. The major drivers of climate change are collective enterprises such as power grids, industry, large-scale agriculture and transportation systems. Substantial emissions reductions in these settings most likely will not come from personal actions; they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised building codes and supports for green investment.
Some people have argued that calls for individual action actually distract us from corporate responsibility. That could explain why the fossil-fuel industry is fond of such requests. Oil giant BP popularized and promoted the idea of a carbon footprint, deflecting attention to its customers who, it suggests, should take personal responsibility by lowering their carbon footprints. One study found that focusing on individual activity actually undermines support for more effective policy initiatives such as a carbon tax. Another problem with personal behavior is that people do not like to be told what to do.
Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. One effective act, and one that can be amplified, is to eat less red meat. Cutting meat consumption is a powerful and personal thing most Americans can do to tackle the climate crisis, and they can do it immediately. About 40 percent of greenhouse gases come from agriculture, deforestation and other land-use changes. Meat — particularly beef — drives climate change in two ways: first, through cows’ emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and second, by destroying forests as they are converted to grazing land to satisfy the global demand for beef. By eating less beef, we can start to decrease that demand. You do not have to become a vegan to do this. If every person in the U.S. cut their meat consumption by 25 percent, it would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 1 percent. That might not sound like a lot, but it would help protect the rain forest, so the positive effects — including reduced water and fertilizer use, improved biodiversity and safeguarded rights of indigenous peoples — would be amplified.
Perhaps most important, social action is contagious — in a good way. If lots of us begin to eat less meat and if we talk about it constructively, we will likely influence others. Pretty soon the 1 percent reduction becomes 2 percent or more. Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand will influence industry. Forty years ago few mainstream supermarkets carried organic products; now nearly all do. Consumer demand did that.
Cutting back on red meat also has the added benefit of being good for your health. So while I wouldn’t advise governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”
21．Which one plays the most decisive role in emissions reductions according to the passage?
A．Individual actions. B．Fossil-fuel industries.
C．The thriving economy. D．Effective laws and policies.
22．What do we learn from the passage?
A．Indigenous peoples turn forests into grazing land.
B．Meat is considered as the biggest driver of climate change.
C．Small individual acts can make a big difference collectively.
D．Most Americans have to become vegans to tackle the climate crisis.
23．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.
24．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage？
A．To explain ways to reduce carbon footprint.
B．To persuade people to cut meat consumption.
C．To evaluate the effects of healthy eating habits.
D．To argue against the emission policies of industries.
About 20 years ago, Daniel Hoffman, a classically trained violinist met a young musician playing in the town square in Marrakech, an ancient city in Morocco. They communicated in the little French they both knew, but their main common language was music. On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa.
That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept “musical extreme sports”.
It took him almost two decades to launch that dream with a friend, who introduced him to the wonders of Kickstarter, a funding platform for creative projects. Up to now, the dream has taken the form of a new documentary currently airing on American public television stations called “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood.”
In the documentary, Hoffman travels to County Clare, Ireland, where he takes lessons with James Kelly, a master Irish violin player, for less than a week and then performs together with him in front of an audience, many of whom are star Irish musicians.
The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia.
That would add to his extensive repertoire (全部曲目), which already includes Balkan, Middle Eastern, and Turkish styles. “The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,” says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. “It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.”
“Otherwise, it’s just firewood,” he says, words that became the film’s title.
25．Where does Hoffman’s idea of musical extreme sports come from?
A．His exploration of the local music.
B．His cooperation with the young violinist.
C．His sightseeing tour on a motorbike seat.
D．His constantly changing taste in violin styles.
26．According to the passage, the series of documentaries ________.
A．help Hoffman to become a master violin player
B．are funded by American public television stations
C．introduce different styles of musicians around the world
D．record Hoffman’s experience in learning various violin styles
27．The title of the documentary “Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood” is used to emphasize ________.
A．the power of diversified artistic expression
B．the pleasure in learning traditional music
C．the technique of instrument playing
D．the importance of famous artists
Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role modelsis like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”
28．Imitation proves useful when you________.
A．know you are unique
B．lose the balance of life
C．begin to learn something new
D．get tired of routine practice
29．According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are________.
A．desperate to influence others with their knowledge
B．ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C．eager to discover what their ancestors did
D．willing to accept others’ ideas
30．The trouble a creator faces is________.
A．the lack of strong motivation
B．the absence of practical ideas
C．how to search for more materials
D．how to use imagination creatively
31．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To highlight the importance of creativity.
B．To criticize the characters of role models.
C．To compare imitation with creation.
D．To explain the meaning of success.
It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory.
Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society.
Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言辞). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold.
Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words.
The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.
Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that?
Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.
32．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning.
B．Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities.
C．Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays.
D．Primary reading once dominated higher education.
33．What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Practice. B．Priority. C．Investigation. D．Interpretation.
34．What does the author think of idle talk?
A．It broadens people’s understanding.
B．It affects independent thinking ability.
C．It shakes people’s trust in news report.
D．It promotes the advance of social media.
35．What message does the author convey?
A．Readers should stay away from idle talk.
B．Readers should read original texts carefully.
C．Readers should limit the impact of social media.
D．Readers should take a balanced view on reading.
参考答案：
1．B
2．C
3．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。以一名家长的视角阐述了一个道理：只要是家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子。
1．
推理判断题。根据文章开头“Is there a magic cutoff period when children become responsible for their own actions?”(有没有一个神奇的截止期，让孩子们对自己的行为负责？)以及根据第二段中的“When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son’s head.”(当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针。)；和第三段中“When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class.”(30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。)；以及第四段中“When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.”(在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开。)根据第五段“By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children”（到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们）可知，作者身为家长，在每个年龄段都会对孩子时时牵挂。故选B。
2．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital passage waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son’s head.”(当我二十岁的时候，我站在医院的通道里，等着医生给我儿子的头上缝几针。)；和第三段中“When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked continually and disrupted the class.”(30多岁的时候，我坐在教室的一把小椅子上，听到我的一个孩子不停地说话，扰乱了课堂。)；以及第四段中“When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring, the cars to come home, the front door to open.”(在我四十多岁的时候，我花了一辈子的时间等着电话铃响，等着车开回家，等着前门打开。)，根据第五段“By the time I was 50, I was sick and tired of being weak. I was still worrying over my children”（到我50岁的时候，我生病了，身体虚弱。我还在担心我的孩子们）可知作者在提及各个年龄阶段，是为了说明无论孩子年龄多大，任何家长对子女的担心和关心都是始终如一的。C项与此符合，也与本文的主旨：每个家长都会关心和担心自己的孩子，相符。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One of my children telephoned me last month, saying, Where were you? I’ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried.”(上个月，我的一个孩子打电话问我：“你在哪里？”我打了三天电话，没人接，我是很担心的。)可知，作者的孩子开始关心和担心作者了，作者觉到孩子们懂事了长大了，因此很开心。故选B。
4．B
5．D
6．A
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍决策疲劳的概念、行为表现及后果，还说明了在决策中承担一定风险的重要性。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Our own decision-making abilities can become exhausted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same difficulties.（我们自己的决策能力可能会经历一整天后耗尽，导致我们犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择，但为他人做选择是一项令人愉快的任务，此时不会遇到这种困难。）”可知，为他人做决策的时候不会觉得疲劳，而为自己做决定时，尤其是过了一整天，做了太多的决定后，就会变得十分疲劳。故选B项。
5．
细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.（但是当你在为他人做决定时，你就不会轻易产生决策疲劳。）”可知，当我们帮助他人做决定的时候，我们就没有感到决策疲劳。故选D项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第五段的第三句“When people experience decision fatigue, when they are tired of making choices, they have a tendency to choose to go with status quo.（人们变得决策疲劳时——当他们厌倦了做决定时——他们往往会选择维持现状。）”可知，人们变得决策疲劳时，他们往往会选择维持现状，也就是避免尝试新的事物。故选A项。
7．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“To achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.（为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。）”可知，要想实现既定目标，在决策过程中冒一定的风险是十分重要的。故选C项。
8．D
9．C
10．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了eCycling这一项目的开展情况和人们的参与情况。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed “Plug-In to eCycling Partners.”(为了将该项目推广到地区和社区层面，美国环境保护署指导了Plug-In to eCycling Partners项目。)”可知，美国环境保护署推出了Plug-In to eCycling Partners计划，是为了使当地地区和社区都可以使用该项目。故选D项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段“They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products.(它们为地方政府、零售商和制造商提供了重复使用和回收其产品的机会。然后，那些制造和提供电子设备的公司会为消费者提供重复使用二手电子产品的项目和机会。)”可知，Plug-In Partners主要从事的活动是收集可回收利用的电子产品。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPA’s internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.(随着eCycling计划的继续，您或您的组织可能希望参与其中。查看美国环境保护署的网站（www.epa.gov）了解区域eCycling项目，或了解贵公司如何参与的详细信息。他们的网站上有与参与电子产品回收项目的组织的链接。)”可知，本文的主要目的是吸引人们参加eCycling项目。故选B项。
11．B
12．A
13．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的Norwood在遭遇车祸后，如何用自己所学的心肺复苏术及时救助了好朋友。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段“But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could.(但是走到一半的时候，她发现她最好的朋友Simmons没有和他们在一起。Norwood跑回损坏严重的汽车，发现Simmons,躺在后座上。“她没有动，” Norwood告诉记者。她猛地打开后门，把她的朋友拉了出来，尽量避开破碎的玻璃。)”可知，Norwood跑回受损的汽车是为了帮助她的朋友脱险。故选B。
12．
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“As smoke rose from the other car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” .（当另一辆车冒出浓烟时，一名旁观者喊道：“就要爆炸了！快出去！”）”和第三段“But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn’t moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. (但是走到一半的时候，她发现她最好的朋友Simmons没有和他们在一起。Norwood跑回损坏严重的汽车，发现Simmons,躺在后座上。“她没有动，” Norwood告诉记者。她猛地打开后门，把她的朋友拉了出来，尽量避开破碎的玻璃。她把Simmons拖了几英尺到安全的地方，把她放在地上。)”可知，Norwood明知有危险，还去救朋友，表现出了勇敢的品质。故选A。
13．
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“She started pressing Simmons’s chest with her crossed fingers and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.(她开始用交叉的手指按压西蒙斯的胸部，向她朋友的嘴里呼吸，希望能让生命之吻充满她的肺部。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述的是Norwood在遭遇车祸后，冒着汽车爆炸的危险救出自己的朋友，当发现朋友没有气息时，她又用自己的急救知识为朋友施行心肺复苏术，成功救了自己的朋友。所以朋友重新恢复气息时，象征着朋友活了下来。所以“Breath of life (生命的呼吸)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
14．A
15．B
16．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，主要介绍了Fischer EB电锅炉。
14．
第一句细节理解题。根据第四段“Fischer Electric Boilers run only on electricity, meaning if you are supplied with renewable energy you can heat your home without worrying about any harmful gases or pollutants.( Fischer电锅炉只靠电力运行，这意味着如果你使用的是可再生能源，你就可以为你的家供暖，而不用担心任何有害气体或污染物。)”可知，Fischer电锅炉环保的主要原因是它只靠电力运行。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一二句“Fischer EB comes with a wireless thermostat(恒温计) that has been designed for easy and simple use. Program your Fischer EB boiler to make sure you are getting the right temperature when you need it.(Fischer EB配备了一个无线恒温器，其设计目的是方便和简单的使用。给你的Fischer EB锅炉编程，确保你在需要的时候得到正确的温度。)”可知，人们在使用Fischer EB电锅炉的时候，可以通过对温度编程来控制温度。故选B。
16．
推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句“Act now! Apply an energy efficient Fischer Electric boiler and replace your huge, inefficient gas or oil boiler. Benefit from controllability and comfort this winter.(现在就行动！使用节能的Fischer电锅炉，取代你的巨大，低效的燃气或燃油锅炉。这个冬天您将从可控性和舒适性中获益。)”可推断，文章的主要目的是推销这款产品。故选D。
17．B
18．B
19．B
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述的是作者克服恐惧走过一条较险的小路的故事，由此告诉大家克服恐惧，勇往直前。
17．
细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was covered with ice.”（它非常的陡，而且很滑，因为路面结满了冰。）可知，这条路很陡，而且结满了冰。故选B项。
18．
推理判断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句“I shook, not from the cold, although it was probably around -15°C, but from the fear.”（我颤抖着，是因为害怕，而不是因为冷，尽管当时可能零下15度左右。）可知，当作者产生要走这条小路的想法时就已经害怕得发抖了。第三段的前三句“I moved forward slowly and put one foot on the trail, then the other. Thus I continued, one foot in front of the other I went very slowly down the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cold.”（我慢慢地往前挪，先一只脚踩在小路上，然后另一只脚再踩在上面。于是我继续往前走，双脚前后交替着慢慢地沿着小路走下去，每走一步都会发抖。尽管我觉得冷，但我还是出汗了。）描述的是作者走这条小路的动作，从慢慢地往前挪，每走一步都会发抖等细节可以看出作者是带着恐惧走这条小路的。故选B项。
19．
推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句“It is a beautiful area that has been made into a park with meters of hiking trails (小路) along the river.”（这个地区很美，已建成公园，沿河有几米长的徒步小路。）可知，这条小路离小河不远。故选B项。
20．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ If you compare this story to life, you’ll see that we have no idea where life is going to take us, or how many easy or difficult trails there are to choose from until we make a choice! The point is: we have the freedom to choose!”（如果你把这个故事和生活相比较，你会发现我们不知道生活将带我们去哪里，也不知道有多少容易或困难的道路可以选择，直到我们做出选择!关键是:我们有选择的自由!）以及通读全文，作者讲述的这个经历是：面对着一条较险的小路，作者心生恐惧，但是最终仍然克服了恐惧，成功地走过了这条小路，所以作者是想借自己的经历告诉我们要挑战恐惧，继续向前，C项符合题意。故选C项。
21．D
22．C
23．D
24．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过个人的努力，也可以为减少碳足迹贡献自己的力量。
21．
细节理解题。根据第三段“they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised building codes and supports for green investment.(它们将来自法律和政策，如碳定价体系、修订的建筑法规和对绿色投资的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在减排中起决定性作用。故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据第五段“Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. (然而，个人行为可以发展成有影响力的群体活动。)”及下文所举少吃肉的例子可推断，小的个人行为可以产生大的影响。故选C。
23．
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. (如果我们很多人开始少吃肉，如果我们建设性地谈论它，我们很可能会影响其他人。很快，1%的减少就变成了2%或更多。)”可知，社会行动具有传染性。所以contagious为“感染性的；传播性的”之意。故选D。
24．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So while I wouldn’t advise governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”(所以，虽然我不会建议政府下令人们停止吃汉堡包，但如果有人问：“我能做什么?”一个简单而准确的回答是:“少吃肉。”一切都在你的掌控之中，你现在就可以开始。这对你和地球都有好处。”)”及全文可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释如何通过个人努力减少碳足迹的方法。故选A。
25．A
26．D
27．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小提琴家Daniel Hoffman尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，并将这段经历拍成了纪录片。
25．
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the back of a motorbike of the fellow violinist, Hoffman weaved through the back streets of the city and then learned his first lessons in Andalusian music, the classical music of North Africa. (坐在小提琴手同伴的摩托车后座上，霍夫曼穿梭于城市的后街，然后开始学习安达卢西亚音乐，这是北非的古典音乐。)”和第二段“That experience gave birth to an idea: What would it be like to try to learn how to play different violin styles around the world in just one week? Oh. yes, and at the end of that week, play a concert. He even got a name for the concept ‘musical extreme sports’. (这段经历让我产生了一个想法：在短短一周的时间里，尝试学习如何演奏世界各地不同风格的小提琴，会是什么感觉?哦。是的，在那个周末，开一场音乐会。他甚至为“音乐极限运动”这个概念取了个名字。)”可知，霍夫曼关于音乐极限运动的想法来自于对北非当地音乐的探索。故选A。
26．
细节理解题。根据第五段“The film is what Hoffman hopes will be the first of an eventual series of short documentaries, showing him learning to play the violin in a variety of styles, including the folk music of south India, Sweden, Greece, Romania, and West Virginia. (霍夫曼希望这部电影能成为一系列短纪录片的第一部，展示他如何学习以各种风格拉小提琴，包括南印度、瑞典、希腊、罗马尼亚和西弗吉尼亚州的民间音乐。)”可知，这个系列纪录片记录了霍夫曼学习各种小提琴风格的经历。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。根据第六段“‘The big joke is what’s the difference between the fiddle and the violin? It’s the person who plays it,’ says Niall Keegan, a traditional flute player. ‘It’s the music you make on it that makes it Irish or English or French or classical or jazz or whatever else. It’s how we imagine it and how we create through it that make it and give it character.’ (“最大的笑话是fiddle和violin有什么区别?”，传统长笛演奏家尼尔·基根说：“是你在上面演奏的音乐让它成为爱尔兰音乐、英国音乐、法国音乐、古典音乐、爵士乐或其他任何音乐。是我们如何想象它，如何通过它创造，成就并赋予了它个性。”)”可推知，小提琴的价值在于多元的艺术表现，你在上面演奏的音乐赋予它个性，“否则，它就是一根木柴”，所以纪录片的标题“Otherwise, It’s Just Firewood”强调了多元艺术表达的力量。故选A。
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了要创新，不要盲目模仿。
28．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. (在技能或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有帮助的)”以及所举的例子可知，当你开始学习新东西时，模仿被证明是有用的。故选C。
29．
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. (愿意按照他们突然的渴望去创造一些独特的东西的人是幸运的。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们之所以能够打动你是因为他们的创作是基于灵感而不是绝望)”可知，根据作者的观点，世界因为那些准备把他们的原始想法变成现实的人而前进。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. (有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法。创作者面临的问题不是没有素材；而是关于如何处理敲响想象之门的材料)”可知，创造者面临的问题是如何创造性地运用想象力。故选D。
31．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. (盲目模仿是自我毁灭。对于那些认不出自己独特价值的人来说，模仿显得很有吸引力；对于那些知道自己实力的人来说，模仿是不可接受的)”及下文的论述可知，文章的主要目的是强调要创新，不要盲目模仿。故选A。
32．C
33．D
34．C
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者认为有必要恢复初级阅读，不仅仅是因为人文学科的需要，也是我们文化的需要。
32．
细节理解题。根据第一段“According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading.(哈佛大学历史学家James Hankins认为，部分问题在于“批判性”阅读压倒了“初级”阅读。)”可知，人们现在偏向于选择批判性阅读。故选C。
33．
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词前一句“The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content.(如今的惯例是，一个记者报道一个新闻，随后几十或数百名记者重复报道该内容。)”可知，现在的记者只会重复其他记者报道的内容，而不会自己去实地调查。而记者在自己写报道的时候，会增加的只有自己的解读。所以spin为“解读”之意。选项A“Practice (练习)”；选项B“Priority (优先权)”；选项C“Investigation (调查)”；选项D“Interpretation (解读)”。故选D。
34．
推理判断题。根据第五段“The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.(新冠肺炎大流行凸显了这一问题，从排斥那些敢于讨论封锁利弊的人，到宣传将口罩作为与医学或科学理由完全无关的政治身份标志。更不用说出现的关于“科学”的误导性陈述和“追随”它的社会趋势。)”可推断，作者认为记者的闲聊只会导致他们报道不科学的言论，所以会动摇人们对它的信任。故选C。
35．
推理判断题。根据第六段“We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it.(我们听到了所有的事情，而如果没有人告诉我们应该对此有什么看法，我们就什么都听不到。)”可知，人们习惯先看到观点再去了解事实。而作者并不这样认为，作者认为“Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.(初级阅读不仅仅是人文学科需要的。我们的整个文化需要它的价值被承认和恢复。)”，由此可知，作者认为人们应该对阅读抱有一种平衡的观点。故选D。
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