北京高考英语阅读理解七选五专项训练

七选五

Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift. ____1____ That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed.

Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens. ____2____

Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. ____3____

But after the appearance and rise of sleeping aids, is sleep the next part of human experience that will become increasingly tracked, counted and compared? We sigh at LinkedIn users who claim to wake up at Sam and learn Mandarin while meditating. But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive.

____4____ In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this.

Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that we figure out through trial and error. Genetically, some humans are larks and some are owls; the larks may just have better cardiovascular health. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, wouldn’t necessarily help.

Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health. ____5____ Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers.

A good night’s sleep is a profound pleasure. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one.

A．Such research is all well and good.

B．The risk is that we ignore the problem.

C．Then there are those who can’t sleep when they try.

D．For other people, it’s the demands of work or family.

E．But does any of these really compare to the joy of going to sleep?

F．Schools could start later to coincide with children’s body rhythms.

G．Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can worsen the problem.

Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. ____6____ But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.

This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. ____7____

As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. ____8____ But these faint (微弱的) signals are usually drowned out by the main source of environment light. “If we neglect whatever we are observing, you would just be left with camera noise—and signal,” says Prafull Sharma, a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. ____9____ Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions.

____10____ It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.

A．The technology is thought advanced.

B．These can’t be caught by the human eye.

C．They recorded various activities of the people in the room.

D．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a light reflected glow.

E．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight.

F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.

G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.

The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.____11____

Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.

____12____In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.____13____

During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air.____14____It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.

The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice.____15____People in Beijing often eat porridge(粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment(营养) to put in the porridge

A．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.

B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.

C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.

D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.

E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water

F．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.

G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.

Alternative medicine has become much more popular in the West in recent years. ___16___ And they are turning to treatments such as homeopathy, yoga, and acupuncture（针灸）to complement or sometimes even replace the western medicine.

Acupuncture is based on the idea that energy flows through the human body along 12 lines or meridians（经络）, which end up at the organs in the body. ___17___ To remove the blockage, an acupuncturist inserts（插入）very fine needles into the body at points along the meridians. This stimulates the flow of energy, and restores the patient's health.

Acupuncture only really became well-known in the West in the 1970s as people began to travel more frequently between the two areas of the world. ___18___ However in the last few years it has become more established as an alternative to western medical treatments, since clinical tests have shown that acupuncture is effective for some conditions. ___19___ Many sportspeople have experimented with acupuncture when fighting injury. Martina Hingis, the famous tennis player, had a wrist injury cured through treatment, and NBA legend Kobe Bryant also used acupuncture on his leg. It is also used to treat depression, stress and anxiety.

 ___20___ In the past some people have experienced allergic reactions, broken needles and even punctured lungs while being treated, although this is very uncommon.

A．The treatment is often used to relieve headaches, dental pain, etc.

B．Illness is the result of a blockage of the energy flow to these organs.

C．The treatment is thought to increase the body's resistance to infection.

D．In the Far East, acupuncture is used to treat a wide range of complaints.

E．However, before you go, check if the acupuncturist is qualified and registered.

F．At first, doctors in the West often doubted about the medical value of acupuncture.

G．It seems that people are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs.

Overthinking the Small Stuff?

How many decisions have you made over the last day, week... month?   Drive or Uber? Suit or no suit? Italian or Thai? iPhone or Huawei?

While today’s freedom of choice has obvious benefits, the constant pressure to make perfect choices can often rob our freedom, heighten our anxiety and lower our productivity.

___21___ For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.   ____22____ And finally, research shows that trying to nail every decision reduces our ability to perform at our best and make great decisions about the things that really matter.

The irony is that people who try to make the perfect decision every time tend to suffer more anxiety about their decisions, feel less satisfied with them afterward and, unsurprisingly, are less productive than people who just go with ‘good enough’.

“The habit of aiming for the best possible option every time actually robs people of satisfaction and effectiveness,” wrote Barry Schwartz on the Paradox of Choice. ___23___ However, they're generally less happy about what they eventually decide upon.

Better than trying to maximize every choice is to make a ‘good enough’ choice that meets a basic level of satisfaction. So you didn’t get the best possible hotel at the best possible price? Move on. So the shade of yellow you chose to paint the sunroom was a little dark? Again, move on! ___24___

___25___ The reason is that they aren’t wasting precious time and energy on decisions that don’t really matter. So as you think about all the decisions you have to make in the day or month ahead, focus your precious time, talents and attention on the things that truly matter.

A．There are a few reasons for this.

B．But some researchers do not agree with it.

C．Secondly, it can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.

D．Much more important issues are waiting for your attention.

E．Besides that, every decision you make may disappoint you.

F．Such ‘maximizers,' as Schwartz calls them, spend more time and energy reaching a decision.

G．Schwartz found that 'satisficers' who live by the ‘good enough’ rule actually get more done.

参考答案：

1．E

2．D

3．B

4．G

5．F

【解析】

【导语】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了睡眠的重要性以及如今的人们存在的一些睡眠问题。

1．

根据上文“Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift.(日常生活也有它的乐趣，比如完美地回复朋友的短信，下班后的第一杯酒，或者一份意想不到的礼物)”以及后文“That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed.(那一刻，21世纪的混乱生活消失在一个柔软的床上，不带任何评判)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出睡觉的快乐与上文提到这些事物进行比较。故E选项“但是这些真的能和睡觉的快乐相比吗？”符合语境，故选E。

2．

根据上文“Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens.(不知何故，我们把这种快乐推到了队列的后面。三分之一的美国成年人报告称睡眠时间少于建议的7小时。我们很多人都觉得休息不足。对一些人来说，问题在于现代生活：电子邮件、待办事项清单和屏幕)”可知，上文提到了一些人的问题，可知本句是在说明其他人休息不足的问题，D选项中For other people对应上文中For some。故D选项“对其他人来说，是工作或家庭的需要”符合语境，故选D。

3．

根据上文“Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. (现在，越来越多的证据表明，睡眠不足与抑郁症、癌症和其他问题的高风险有关。发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》上的一项研究报告称，晚上10点至11点睡觉的人心脏病发病率较低，不管他们睡了多长时间)”可知，上文提到了睡眠不足与抑郁症、癌症和其他问题的高风险有关，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明人们对这一风险的反应：风险是我们忽视了这个问题。故B选项“风险是我们忽视了这个问题”符合语境，故选B。

4．

根据上文“But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive.(但当人们过度致力于睡好觉时，可能会适得其反)”以及后文“In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this.(牛津大学教授科林·埃斯皮在他的《克服失眠和睡眠问题》一书中提到了“正睡眠症”，即人们过于专注于睡个好觉，以至于变得过于焦虑而无法入睡。助眠剂的营销也增加了这一点)”可推知，人们过于专注于睡个好觉，以至于变得过于焦虑而无法入睡，即人们因为睡眠原因有很大压力，甚至会出现某些问题。故G选项“因为缺乏睡眠而给自己压力会使问题更加严重。”符合语境，故选G。

5．

根据上文“Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health.(基本的睡眠建议是非常一致的，包括保持规律的睡眠模式，减少酒精和咖啡因的摄入，消除所有卧室里的干扰。我们可以将睡眠建议整合到公共健康中，而不是仅仅向个人提供睡眠建议)”以及后文“Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers.(雇主可以对员工的不同需求保持敏感)”可知，本句是关于睡觉建议整合到公共健康中的具体论述，故F选项“学校可以推迟开学时间，以适应孩子们的身体节奏”符合语境，故选F。

6．B

7．E

8．D

9．C

10．G

【解析】

【导语】

本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及人们的活动等。

6．

上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections.( 但是一项新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射。)”提到了一项可以扫描阴影和发射的新技术，下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room—and what they are doing.( 但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他们正在做什么在内的细节。)”说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由but可知，空处与下文是转折关系，B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，these指代上文“shadows and reflections”，与下文是转折关系。故选B。

7．

上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner.( 这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动。)”阐述了这个工具的功能，可以在角落里监视，收集信息，E项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断E项“它还可以监控那些避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选E。

8．

上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls.(当人们在房间里走动时，他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁上创造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”。)”讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，D项“cast a light reflected glow”话题一致，因此推断D项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，故选D。

9．

上文“Sharma and other researchers did the experiment by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time.( Sharma和其他研究人员做了这个实验，他们拍摄房间里的一堵墙，让墙里的人四处走动，随着时间的推移，平均这些帧数。)”讲述实验人员拍摄下人们走动的情况下的墙面，讲述实验过程，下文“Then the team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior.( 然后，该团队将这些视频输入机器学习模型，教它哪种柔软的阴影模式表示哪种行为。)”也是讲述实验过程，因此推断空处是讲述实验，因此推断C项“他们记录了房间里的人的各种活动。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。

10．

下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.( 它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准的数码相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。)”说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G项“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。”符合语境，故选G。

11．F

12．D

13．C

14．G

15．B

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了24节气之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。

11．

根据上文“They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.（它们还反映了中国丰富的历史，通过季节性的节日，特殊的食物，文化仪式，家庭聚会，甚至健康的生活技巧，与每个节气相对应）”以及第二段第一句“Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature.（雨水预示着降雨量的增加和气温的上升）” F项：One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.（二十四节气之一，在春天非常重要，被称为雨水）承接上句，并且引出后文要介绍的二十四节气之一的雨水，承上启下。故选F。

12．

根据后句“In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall.（在中国北方，春旱很常见，这个季节的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍贵。D项：According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.（中国有句古话，春雨贵如油）符合语境。故选D。

13．

根据上句“At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.（每年的这个时候，农民们开始犁地。天气转暖时，正是准备春播的好时机）”可知，C项：Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.（因此，雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期）和上句构成因果关系，说明雨水是人们准备春播灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。

14．

根据后句“It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.（强烈建议不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖，特别是老人和儿童）”可知，G项：The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.（降雨导致空气湿度迅速增加，导致气温下降，天气潮湿）是建议人们不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故选G。

15．

根据后句“People in Beijing often eat porridge(粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather.（北京人经常吃一种中草药煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气）”可知，B项：A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.（一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择）后句承接B项具体说明北京人经常吃的一种中草药煮的粥来抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气，话题一致。故选B。

16．G

17．B

18．F

19．A

20．E

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸在西方的流行。

16．

根据前句“Alternative medicine has become much more popular in the West in recent years.(近年来，另类医学在西方越来越流行。)”可知，后句解释另类医学在西方越来越流行的原因，是担心药物的副作用。所以G“It seems that people are becoming increasingly worried about the side effects of drugs.(人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。

17．

根据前句“Acupuncture is based on the idea that energy flows through the human body along 12 lines or meridians（经络）, which end up at the organs in the body. (针灸的原理是，能量沿着人体的12条线或经络流动，最后到达人体的各个器官。)”和后句“To remove the blockage, an acupuncturist inserts（插入）very fine needles into the body at points along the meridians.(为了消除堵塞，针灸师将非常细的针沿经络穴位插入人体。)”可知，这里解释针灸能够治疗疾病的原因，是让器官能量流向通畅。所以B“Illness is the result of a blockage of the energy flow to these organs. (疾病是能量流向这些器官受阻的结果。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。

18．

根据后句“However in the last few years it has become more established as an alternative to western medical treatments, since clinical tests have shown that acupuncture is effective for some conditions. (然而，在过去的几年里，针灸已经成为西方医学治疗的一种替代方法，因为临床试验表明，针灸对某些疾病是有效的。)” 转折可知，针灸的医学价值起初是被怀疑的。所以F“At first, doctors in the West often doubted about the medical value of acupuncture. (起初，西方的医生经常怀疑针灸的医学价值。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。

19．

根据前句“However in the last few years it has become more established as an alternative to western medical treatments, since clinical tests have shown that acupuncture is effective for some conditions. (然而，在过去的几年里，针灸已经成为西方医学治疗的一种替代方法，因为临床试验表明，针灸对某些疾病是有效的。)”可知，后句具体说明哪些疾病针灸有效。所以A“The treatment is often used to relieve headaches, dental pain, etc. (这种治疗常用于减轻头痛、牙痛等。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。

20．

根据后句“In the past some people have experienced allergic reactions, broken needles and even punctured lungs while being treated, although this is very uncommon. (在过去，一些人在接受治疗时经历过过敏反应、断针甚至刺穿肺部，尽管这是非常罕见的。)”可知，为了避免针灸的不良反应，应该选择正规的针灸师。所以E“However, before you go, check if the acupuncturist is qualified and registered. (然而，在你去之前，检查一下针灸师是否有资格和注册。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。

21．A

22．E

23．F

24．D

25．G

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了虽然今天的自由选择有着明显的好处，但做出完美选择的持续压力往往会剥夺我们的自由，加剧我们的焦虑，降低我们的生产力。

21．根据上文While today’s freedom of choice has obvious benefits, the constant pressure to make perfect choices can often rob our freedom, heighten our anxiety and lower our productivity.（虽然今天的选择自由有明显的好处，但持续不断的做出完美选择的压力往往会剥夺我们的自由，加剧我们的焦虑，降低我们的效率。）以及下文For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.（首先，试图完善每一个决定都是一项“不可能完成的任务”，让它变得相当徒劳。）可知是对这种现象的一种解释，说明原因。故A选项There are a few reasons for this．（有几个原因）与上下文语境相吻合，所以答案是A。

22．根据上句For starters, trying to perfect every single decision is a 'mission impossible,' making it pretty in vain.（首先，试图完善每一个决定都是一项“不可能完成的任务”，让它变得相当徒劳。）以及下一句And finally, research shows that trying to nail every decision reduces our ability to perform at our best and make great decisions about the things that really matter.（最后，研究表明，试图确定每一个决定会降低我们在最佳状态下的表现，以及在真正重要的事情上做出重大决定的能力。）可知此处讲的是这几个原因，所以与E项"Besides that， every decision you make may disappoint you．除此之外，你做的每一个决定都可能让你失望。相吻合，所以答案是E。

23．根据上文“The habit of aiming for the best possible option every time actually robs people of satisfaction and effectiveness,” wrote Barry Schwartz on the Paradox of Choice.（巴里•施瓦茨在谈到选择悖论时写道:“每次都追求最佳可能选择的习惯，实际上会让人们失去满足感和效率。”）中Barry Schwartz可对应到F选项中as Schwartz calls them ，表示施瓦茨称之为"最大化者"，他们花费更多的时间和精力做出决定。符合上下文语境，所以答案是F。

24．根据本段第一句Better than trying to maximize every choice is to make a ‘good enough’ choice that meets a basic level of satisfaction.（与其试图最大化每一个选择，不如做出一个“足够好”的选择，满足基本的满意度。）可知与其试图最大化每一个选择，不如做出一个“足够好”的选择，满足基本的满意度。是因为更重要的问题正在等待你的注意。故选D。

25．根据下句The reason is that they aren't wasting precious time and energy on decisions that don't really matter.（原因是他们没有在无关紧要的决定上浪费宝贵的时间和精力。）可知上文是对生活在"足够好"规则下的"满意者"的描述，施瓦茨发现，生活在"足够好"规则下的"满意者"实际上做得更多。故选G。