第14讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness- Discovering Useful Structures - 2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教2019必修第一册）

14 Discovering useful structures

【语法解析】

反意疑问句

概念：

反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即反意附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方赞同。 附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

结构

前肯后否：陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式

前否后肯：陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式

练习1：

他们努力工作，不是吗？                     .

练习2;

你没去，是吗？                             .

二. 回答

肯定回答：“Yes+肯定结构”

否定回答：“No+否定结构”

在前否后肯结构中，yes 译为“不”,no 译为“是”。

练习3：

——They work hard, don’t they? 他们努力工作，不是吗？

—                 ./           .

        是的，他们工作努力。/不，他们工作不努力。

——They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不努力工作，是吗？

—                 ./        .

        不，他们工作努力。/是的，他们工作不努力。

三.类型

1. 陈述句是由“主语+be的形式”构成的，附加问句用“be的形式+主语”。

练习4：

天气很好，不是吗？                ？

2. 陈述句是由“主语+行为动词的各种时态”构成的，附加问句用“助动词do/does/did/have/has/had等+主语”。

练习5:

当你长大后想你想当一名艺术家，不是吗？              ?

3. 陈述句含有情态动词，附加问句用“情态动词+主语”。

练习6：

我儿子不会做这道题，是吗？                  ？

四. 反意疑问句应该注意的问题

1.当陈述部分含有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, barely,scarcely, nothing, none, rarely,no, not, no one, nobody, neither等具有否定意义的词汇时,后面的附加问句则为肯定形式。

练习7：

他不大会游泳,对吗?                 ？

他们很少迟到,对吗?                  ？

2.当陈述部分的主语为everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用they或he。

练习8：

你家里每个人都是老师,不是吗?                       ？

3.当陈述部分的主语为everything, something, anything, nothing 等表示物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用 it。

练习9：

你的表坏了,对吗?                ？

4.当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy, dislike, unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,即含有un-, dis-前缀或-less后缀等词缀而意思否定的词时,作为肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定形式。

练习10:

他看上去不高兴,不是吗?                   ？

5.陈述部分有less, fewer等词时视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。

练习11：

污染会更少,不是吗?                 ？

6.含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。即当主句是I think, I believe, I suppose, I imagine, I expect, I guess时要反问从句,其余句式均反问主句。当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的附加问句应与从句保持一致。

练习12：

我期待我们的英语老师这个周末回来,不是吗?                           ？

　When the modern Olympic Games ① _____ (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ② _____ (player) competed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games, a ③ _____ (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting from 1901. But the Nordic Games were only open to athletes ④_____ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

    The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week ⑤_____ (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports and there were 11 female athletes,  ⑥_____ competed in figure skating.

Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games, ⑦_____ (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ⑧_____ (take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰球) ⑨_____ other sports. Now the Games have such ⑩_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and bobsledding (雪橇车比赛).
 

语法与写作

1．让我们听老师提到的广播节目，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

2．你觉得你很滑稽，是吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

3．充分利用我们的业余时间，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

4．没有人相信他的工作多么困难，不是吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

5．不要忘记明天早点起床，好吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

6．我认为他会来的，对吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

Ⅰ阅读理解

My First Marathon (马拉松)

    A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

    I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was "not athletic".

    The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck (粘贴) with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

    The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

    Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

    At mile 3, I passed a sign: "GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!"

    By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

    By mile 21, I was starving!

    As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

    I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

    Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner".

1. A month before the marathon, the author _____.

A.was well trained

B.felt scared

C.made up his mind to run

D.lost hope

2. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.

B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.

C.To show he was not talented in sports.

D.To share a precious memory.

3. How was the author's first marathon?

A.He made it.

B.He quit halfway.

C.He got the first prize.

D.He walked to the end.

4. What does the story mainly tell us?

A.A man owes his success to his family support.

B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C.Failure is the mother of success.

D.One is never too old to learn.

Ⅱ.语法填空

    When the modern Olympic Games ① _____ (start) in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ② _____ (player) competed only in the Summer Games. However, there were the Nordic Games, a ③ _____ (compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting from 1901. But the Nordic Games were only open to athletes ④_____ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

    The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week ⑤_____ (hold) in Chamonix, France. About 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports and there were 11 female athletes,  ⑥_____ competed in figure skating.

    Still, the Winter Olympics were under way, adding more sports to the games, ⑦_____ (especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ⑧_____ (take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰球) ⑨_____ other sports. Now the Games have such ⑩_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and bobsledding (雪橇车比赛).