第13讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness-Reading and Thinking- 2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教2019必修第一册）

13 Reading and Thinking

【核心词汇】

1.master

（1）n. 高手；主人；教师

a work of art by a true master 一件真正大师的艺术作品

a master at（doing）sth. （做）某事的高手

be your own master 自己做主

the physics master 物理老师

（2）vt. 精通；掌握；控制（情绪）

master new skills/techniques 掌握新的技能 / 技术

Study hard，and you will master it. 努力学习，你会掌握它的。 

2.honour

3 honour  n. & vt.

（1）n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

feel it an honour to do sth. 感觉做某事很荣幸

it is an honour to do sth. 做某事是一种荣幸

We fought for the honour of our country.我们为我们国家的荣誉而战。

An oak tree was planted in honour of the occasion.种了一棵橡树以纪念这一盛会。

（2）vt. 向某人致敬

be/feel honoured to do sth. 感觉做某事很荣幸

be honoured for 因……而受尊敬

be honoured as 被尊为……

We are here today to honour the people who gave their lives to our country.

今天我们在此向那些为祖国献出生命的人们表示敬意。

I am honoured to have a speech here. 我很荣幸在此发言。

3. glory

n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美

搭配win glory for 为……赢得荣誉

for the glory of 为了……的荣誉

glory days 辉煌岁月

He came home a rich man，covered in glory. 他发迹返乡，荣归故里。

【词语积累】

glorious adj. 光荣的，荣耀的；壮丽的，晴朗的

a glorious victory 光荣的胜利

glorious sunshine 灿烂的阳光

4. determination n. 决心；决定

He fought the illness with courage and determination.他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。

I admire her determination to get it right.我赞赏她把事情弄清楚的决心。

【词语积累】

（1）determine v. 决定；下定决心

  to do sth. 决定 / 决心做某事

        determine  on（doing） sth. 决定（做）某事

  sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事

Your health is determined partly by what you eat.在某种程度上你的健康状况取决于你的饮食。

On entering the senior high school，Joe determined to study hard.

一进入高中，乔就下定决心努力学习。 ［词汇复现］

（2）determined adj. 有决心的；坚定的

be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

I am determined to get this piece of work done today.我决心今天完成这项工作。

5. injure vt. 使受伤；损害

搭配：be badly injured 严重受伤

He was badly injured when he was cycling along the valley.沿着山谷骑自行车时，他身受重伤。

Cheating seriously injured the company’s reputation.欺骗严重损害了这家公司的声誉。

【词语积累】

（1）injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的   the injured 伤员（作主语时一般看作复数）

（2）injury n. 伤害，损伤 injury to sb./sth. 对……的伤害 do sb. an injury 伤害某人 

6. strength n. ［U］力量；体力；［C］优点，长处，优势

 build up one’s strength 增强体力

a man of great strength 一个力气大的人

strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点

7. failure  n. 失败；失败的人（或事物）

Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

He is a failure as an artist.作为一名艺术家他并不成功。

The party was a total failure. 聚会彻底失败了。

【点拨】

有些抽象名词在表示具体事物时，可用作可数名词，这种现象称为抽象名词具体化。有类似用法的词还有 success，surprise，honour，danger，beauty，pleasure，pity，comfort，difficulty 等。

It is an honour for me to deliver a speech at the meeting.在会上发表演讲，我感到荣幸之至。

【词语积累】

fail v. 失败；不及格；（健康、视力、记忆力等）衰退

fail to do sth. 未能做某事

【核心句型】

[句型公式] 　Sb/Sth seems/seemed＋不定式，表示“看来……；好像……”

(教材p.38)In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.

在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到制胜的方法。

[佳句]　It seems that they have known the truth.

看来他们已经知道真相了。

1.Competitions like                        (ski) need snow.

2.Your performance is _______, and left us a good _______ . (impress)

3._______ a lawyer, you have the right to bring her justice and fairness.

4.It's up to you _______(determine) which player we should choose.

5.Who recommended _______(join) them in the game?

6.The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.

翻译:他在芝加哥创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"从1996年至今 一直在帮助年轻人。

仿写:我很高兴，从你来到这个学校，你的英语一直在进步。

I am glad that you ______ ______ ______ your English ______ ______ ______ to this school.

7.Sweat your way to good health! You can make it!

翻译:挥汗走向健康!你可以做到的!

仿写:我的梦想是考上北京大学。我做到了。

My dream was to be admitted to Beijing University, and I ______ ______.

8.Why not run an exciting marathon?

翻译:为什么不跑一场激动人心的马拉松呢?

仿写:你最好不要拒绝她的邀请。为什么不去她的婚礼看看呢?

You'd better not refuse her invitation. ______ ______ ______ to her wedding party?

9.I can't accept not trying.

翻译:我无法接受不尝试一下。

仿写:要是你无法接受不离开我们公司，说说你的想法。

If you ______ ______ ______ ______ our company, tell me your idea.

10.It is up to you.

翻译:这取决于你。

仿写:什么时候再次召开会议取决于学生会主席。

When to hold another meeting ______ ______ ______ the president of the Students' Union.

Ⅰ.品句填词

1．One good way to ____________ (掌握) the ideas of an article is to make an outline of it.

2．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their ___________ (比赛项目) will be admitted as competitors.

3．The crazy football fans poured out of the____________ (体育场) cheering wildly.

4．The more you ____________(流汗) in peace, the less you bleed in war.

5．Nowadays any country can take part in it if their ___________ (运动员) are good enough.

6．In the 2018 World Cup Finals, France defeated Croatia and won the ___________ (冠军).

7．I was fortunate in being elected ___________ (队长) of that team.

8．On the way to the White Temple, our guide related its history and some___________ (传说) to us.

9．There's as much competition among countries to ___________ the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.

10．The boy is athletic, especially good at football and has won many ___________．

Ⅱ.词形转换

1．He convinced us of his _____________ (fit) for the task.

2．I was strongly impressed with her _____________ (grace) movements.

3．Now that you have expressed your _____________ (determine), you should take action.

4．I am very much surprised to hear that he got badly_____________  (injure) in a motor car accident.

5．The businessman has achieved great success in his career, but as a father, he is a _____________ (fail).

6．After losing the_____________ (champion), the whole team was physically and emotionally exhausted.

7．As is known to us all, love is the strongest _____________ (strong).

8．I felt greatly _____________ (honour) to inform you that you have got the first prize.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.

The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic (学术的) subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared between 2008 and 2014. They included more than 55,000 children, aged 6 to 18.

Amika Singh: "According to the results of our study, we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial to academic performance. There are, first, Physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones (荷尔蒙) Produced like endorphins (内啡肽). And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better."

Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.

The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.

The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm (证实) their findings. They also pointed out that "results for other parts of the world may be quite different".

Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on "Physical Activity and Performance at School" is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.

1.The passage mainly tells us that _______.

A.a research on physical education has been done by the researchers

B.there is a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades

C.the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level

D.the research shows that the children aged 6 to 18 don9t do sports

2.Which of the following is TRUE?

A.Being mentally active is good for academic subjects.

B.The more hormones you have, the more stressed you will get.

C.The researchers have found many high-quality studies to prove the research.

D.The educators in some countries think studies, not exercise, mean much to students.

3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably means_______.

A.good marks result from high-quality study 

B.findings are probably different in different areas

C.physical activity will spread all over the world 

D.academic performance depends on the surroundings

4.What's the purpose of writing the passage?

A.To call our attention to the sports at school. B.To introduce all types of physical activities.

C.To represent the academic performance. D.To improve students' health.

Ⅱ. 七选五

Staying focused (专注) can help you complete studying for a test or your work an hour early. There are various practical steps to help you focus better.
    ①               Whether you’re doing work in your office or studying at home, having a clean space can help you focus and get your work done with more attention. Remove what can attract you from your work or the task.
    Make a to-do list. If you list all the things to do, however small, you will feel more successful when you check those items off your list. ②
    Give yourself a certain time for each task. Managing your time goes hand in hand with your to-do list. Write down how long it’ll take you to finish each task on the list. For example, you could write:    “ Go over the notes： 30 minutes. Do the homework： 2 hours. ③              Then, try to complete each task within each given time.
    Make time for breaks during the day. You should take at least a 5 - 10 minute break for every hour of work, or a 3 - 5 minute break for every half an hour of work. ④             Take breaks in a place where you won’t be troubled，so that you can relax your mind. ⑤                  Sometimes you can also look out of the window, take a short walk outside, or just walk up a few stairs. These short breaks will make you more energetic to return to your work.
A. Setting a goal will do good to you.
B. Organize your workplace.
C. Ifs not easy to get yourself better focused.
D. Prepare for the new lesson ： 25 minutes.
E. You may regularly get up during your breaks.
F. This will also keep you focused on one task at a time.
G. A break will prepare your mind for the next task ahead.