Module 5 课时18Unit 2If you ever go to London，...- 2022-2023学年九年级英语上册同步精品讲义（外研版）

Module 5 

Unit 2If you ever go to London，make sure you visit the Science Museum.

知识点01Welcome to the most friendly museum in London. 欢迎来到伦敦最友好的博物馆。

【考点1】friendly意为“友好的”，通常在句中作表语，其比较级形式为friendlier，其最高级形式为friendliest。短语be friendly to sb.意为“对某人友好”。如：

We should be friendly to our classmates. 我们应该对我们的同学友好。

Who is the friendliest to you, Lucy, Lily or Mary? 谁对你最友好，露西，莉莉还是玛丽？

知识点02In most museums, there is no shouting and no running, and you must not touch anything. 大多数博物馆都禁止喧哗、乱跑，而且禁止触摸任何东西。

【考点2】must 是情态动词，意为“必须；一定”，具有根据主观愿望，命令、要求某人做某事的意味，后跟动词原形。must没有人称和数的变化。must not (mustn’t)意为“不允许；禁止”，表示禁止做某事。如：

You mustn’t smoke in public places. 公共场所禁止吸烟。

You must finish your homework on time. 你必须按时完成这项工作。

知识点03People talk about what they can see and do here, and there are some very noisy machines as well. 人们谈论他们在这里能看到和能做的事情。博物馆内也有些噪声很大的机器。

【考点3】【辨析】as well，also，too与either的用法辨析：

①as well意为“也，同样地”，一般位于肯定句句末，与too两者可以互换，但as well前不加逗号。如：

She knows English. She knows French as well. 她懂英语，她也懂法语。

I went shopping yesterday, my English teacher went shopping as well. 我昨天去购物，我的英语老师昨天也去购物。

②also意为“也，还”，常用在肯定句或疑问句中，通常位于行为动词前，be动词、助动词或情态动词后。如：

My sister also wants to go to the concert. 我姐姐也想去音乐会。

My parent s are also my friends and helpers. 我的父母也是我的朋友和帮手。

③too意为“也”，常用在肯定句句末, 常用逗号和前面的句子隔开，有时也可以不用逗号和前面的句子隔开。如：

He can speak English, I can speak, too. 他会说英语，我也会说。

Tom is good at math, I am good at math, too. 汤姆擅长数学，我也擅长数学。

④either意为“也”，常用在否定句句末，词前加逗号和前面的句子隔开。如：

Bill isn’t short, I’m not, either. 比尔不矮，我也不矮。

I can’t swim, Mary can’t swim, either. 我不会游泳，玛丽也不会。

知识点04If you want answers to all your questions about science, this is the right place for you.

如果你想要得到关于科学的所有问题的答案，你来对地方了。

【考点4】(the)answers to...意为“……的答案”，answer是名词，其后用介词to。类似用法：the key to...……的钥匙。如：

What was the answer to question 4? 问题4的答案是什么？// This is the key to the door. 这是门的钥匙。

知识点05You can learn about communications and the environment as well as maths, physics and chemistry. 你不仅可以了解数学、物理学和化学知识，而且还能了解通讯和环境知识。

【考点5】communication是名词，意为“通讯(复数)；交流；沟通”，其动词形式为communicate，意为“交流；沟通”。短语communicate with sb. 意为“和某人交流/交谈/沟通；和某人联系”。如：

My parents often communicate with me. 我父母常常和我交流。

The deaf and mute communicate by sign language. 聋哑人用手势语交流。

Jim enjoys reading the books about communications. 吉姆喜欢阅读有关通讯的书籍。

【考点6】as well as用来连接两个并列成分，意为“不但……而且……”；“除了……之外，还……”。在A as well as B结构中，常常强调的是A项，因此连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与A项保持一致。如：

He as well as I wants go boating. 他和我想去划船。

His parents as well as he have read the book. 不但他读过这本书，他的父亲也读过。

Helen as well as I is going to see the performance. 海伦和我一样准备要去看演出。

Plants also need air and light as well as water. 除了水以外，植物还需要空气和光。

知识点06For example, you can find out how people dig coal from the ground and use it to create energy. 例如，你能弄清楚人们是如何从地下挖煤并用它来创造能量的。

【考点7】【辨析】for example，such as与like的用法辨析：

①for example意为“比如，例如”， 举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。

Many people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee. 这里有许多人，例如约翰很喜欢喝咖啡。

②such as 意为“比如，例如”，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用，可分开使用such…as…，可和like互换。如：

He learns many subjects, such as English, math and Chinese. 他学习好多科目，比如，英语，数学和语文。

China has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on. 中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海、深圳等等。

=China has many such big cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on. 中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海、深圳等等。

③like介词，意为“像；例如”，表示列举，相当于such as。如：

Mr. Li keeps animals, like dogs, pigs and sheep, on the farm. 李先生在农场养像狗、猪和绵羊之类的动物。

I like many kinds of sports, like basketball, table tennis and volleyball. 我喜欢多种运动，比如篮球、乒乓球和排球。

【考点8】【辨析】find out, find与look for的用法辨析：这三个词都有“找”的意思，但具体用法不同：

①find out表示通过理解、分析、调查、询问、打听、研究等“弄清楚，找出，查明”某个情况、事实。如：

Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。

Can you find out when the meeting will start? 你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗？

②find意为“找到，发现”，强调的是找的结果，其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。如：

I can’t find my bag. 我找不到我的包了。

I found my English book under the bed. 我在床下找到了我的书。

③look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。如：

I’m looking for my pen. 我正在找我的钢笔。

---- What are you looking for, Mary? 玛丽，你在找什么？---- I’m looking for my bike. 我在找我的自行车。

【考点9】energy是不可数名词，意为“能源；能量；精力；活力”，其形容词形式为energetic意为“充满活力的；精力充沛的”。如：

Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。

One of the popular expressions in 2012 was “Positive energy”. 2012年的流行语之一是“正能量”

知识点07For example, if you want to fill a bag with sand, you have to control a kind of truck on wheels and move it into the correct place. 例如，如果想把一个袋子装满沙子，你就得操控一种带轮子的运输车，并把车移动到正确的位置。

【考点10】【辨析】fill...with…与be filled with...的用法辨析：

①fill...with...为动词短语, 意为“把……用……装满”。主语为人，fill后一般接容器，with后接容器中装的物品。如：

I want to fill the box with books. 我想用书装满箱子。

The teacher filled a bottle with water. 老师在瓶子里注满了水。

②常用短语be filled with...表示“……被……装满”，表示动作，其同义短语为be full of...，表示状态。如：

The cup is filled with coffee.= The cup is full of coffee.杯子里装满了咖啡。

The bag is filled with sand.=The bag is full of sand. 这个袋子里装满了沙子。

【考点11】move...into...意为“把……移进……”，move是动词，意为“移动”，与move有关的短语move into搬进；move out of搬出。如：

Can you help me move this basket into the box? 你能帮我把这个篮子移到这个箱子里面吗？

知识点08If you compare the medicine of the past with the medicine of today, you will feel very lucky next time you visit a doctor! 如果你把过去的药物也现在的药物作一下比较，下次你去看医生的时候会感觉非常幸运！

【考点12】【辨析】compare…with…，compare…to…与compared with/to...的用法辨析：

①compare…with…意为“拿……和……作比较；把……与……相比”（同类相比）。如：

Mr. Wu likes to compare Class Three with Class Five. 吴老师喜欢拿三班和五班作比较。

The teacher are always comparing me with my elder sister. 老师们总是拿我和姐姐作比较。

They compared the first map with the second one carefully. 他们仔细地比较了第一张地图和第二张地图。

②compare…to…意为“把……比做……”（异类相比，比喻）。如：

People often compare a teacher to a candle. 人们常把老师比作蜡烛。

We usually compare the nurses to the white angels. 我们通常把护士比喻成白衣天使。

③compared with/to...意为“和……相比”，该短语通常要求与其他词语组成独立状语，放在句首。如：

Compared with/to other cities, I think Guilin is more beautiful. 和其他城市相比，我认为桂林更漂亮。

Compared with/to last year, we have had more success this year. 与去年相比，我们今年有更多的成功。

知识点09The Science Museum is interesting for people of all ages. 科学博物馆非常有趣, 可以说老少皆宜。

【考点13】of all ages 意为“所有年龄段的”。如：

People of all ages visit the museum. 男女老少都来参观这个博物馆。

Flying kites is popular among people of all ages. 放风筝在所有年龄段的人中都受欢迎。

The beautiful song is popular among the people of all ages. 这首优美的歌曲受所有年龄段的人欢迎。

知识点10You can always find something new and have a wonderful time there. 在那里，你总能发现新的东西并玩得很快乐。

【考点14】something new意为“一些新东西”。不定代词something; somebody; somewhere; anything; anybody; anywhere; nothing; nobody; nowhere等被形容词修饰时，形容词要放在不定代词的后面，即“不定代词定语后置”。如：

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。

Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper. 今天的报子上有什么有趣的新闻吗？

知识点11The museum is free to enter, so you can go in for a few minutes or stay all day. 博物馆免费进入，所以你可以在那里待几分钟或者一整天。

【考点15】be free to enter意为“免费进入”，be free to do sth. 意为“自由地去做某事”。free是形容词，意为“免费的”，不定式to enter修饰形容词free，不定式要后置，主动表示被动。如：

The library is free to enter, so you can read books there in your free time. 图书馆免费进入，所以你可以空闲时去那儿读书。

You are free to go or to stay. 去还是留, 由你自己决定。

Everyone is free to express himself.  每个人都可以畅所欲言。

Workers enjoy free medical care. 工人享受免费医疗。

He got a free ticket to the play. 他得到一张免费票看这出戏。

I’m east to get along with. 我很好相处。

You can’t expect people to work for free. 你不能期望人们免费工作。

知识点12So if you ever go to London, make sure you visit the Science Museum. 所以如果你去伦敦的话，一定要参观科学博物馆。

【考点16】该句为“if条件状语从句，+祈使句”。If引导的条件状语从句既可以放在主句（即祈使句）之前，也可以放在主句之后。作为主句的祈使句，既可以使用肯定形式也可以使用否定形式。这种结构可用来表达建议。如：

If you want to make progress, study hard. 如果你想取得进步，努力学习吧。

If you want to take photos, use my mobile phone. 如果你想照相，用我的手机吧。

If you visit a museum, don’t make any noise. 如果你想参观博物馆，不要制造任何噪音。

If you want to visit the factory, don’t take photos in it. 如果你想看参观那个工厂，请不要在里面拍照。

【考点17】make sure意为“务必；一定；确保；查明；弄清楚”，它常用于祈使句或下列结构中：

①make sure后接“of/about＋名词或动名词”结构。如：

Make sure of his coming before you set off. 你出发之前要确定他是否要来。

You must make sure of/about the time and the place for the meeting. 你必须弄清楚会议的时间和地点。

②make sure后接“(特殊疑问词+)不定式”结构。如：

I don’t made sure what to do next. 我不能确定接下来做什么。

Have you made sure when to leave for Beijing? 你确定什么时候出发去北京吗？

③make sure后接“that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)”。如：

Make sure you turn off all the lights before you go out. 在出门之前一定要把所有的灯都关掉。 

Work hard and make sure you get better grades next time. 努力学习，确保你下次取得更好成绩。

知识点13It is my favourite museum in the whole world! 它是全世界我最喜欢的博物馆。

【考点18】【辨析】whole与all的用法辨析：

①whole和all两者都用作形容词，意为“整个的；全部的”，但在句中的位置不同，whole位于限定词（定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及所有格）之后（限定词+whole+名词）。all位于限定词（定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及所有格）之前（all+限定词+名词）。如：

The whole school/all the school was empty. 整个学校空无一人。

Guilin is famous not only in China but also in the whole world/ all the world. 桂林不仅在中国出名，而且在全世界也很有名。

②修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，一般用all。如：

I know all those people. 我认识所有那些人。

Jane has drunk all the milk.  简已经喝了所有的牛奶。

She spent all her money on books. 她买书花光了所有的钱。

③在表示地名的专有名词前用all，不用whole，但可用the whole of，如不能说the whole China，但可说the whole of China，用all时则可表示为all China。如：

Li Ming travelled the whole China/all China in the past few years. 在过去几年里，李明游览了全中国。

题组A  基础过关练

Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词

1.                   (物理学)is my favourite subject.

2．There is nothing but                  (沙子)on the beach.

3．Just now we did an                  (实验)in the laboratory.

4．The                  (车轮)of history can never be turned back.

5．Mr Wang has bought enough                  (煤)to spend the winter.

6．As everyone knows，people can use natural gas(天然气)to create                  (能量)．

7．We just had the                  (化学)lesson and did some interesting experiments in the lab.

8．Mrs Lin looks tired because she has spent the                  (整个的)day cleaning and tidying.

Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空

1．The hole that he               (dig)was full of soil.

2．You can find out the               (answer)to all your questions by reading this science book.

3．There are some very               (noise)children in the park.

4．Who is the               (friendly)to you，Tom?

5．He is free               (do)what he likes to do.

6．He felt a bit angry—he could hardly               (control)himself.

7．The library is open               (day)from 8 am to 10 pm.

8．We can               (communication)with people in most parts of the world by telephone.

9．No               (run)in the hallway.It's very dangerous.

10．If you               (want)to answer the question，read the book carefully.

Ⅲ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空

1．People               can take part in these activities.

2．I               the copy                the original.It was difficult to tell the difference.

3．They               where the school was by asking the police.

4．We'd better              the cup              water.

5．We are going to visit the tallest building               .

题组B  能力提升练

A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空一词。

1．—Where are the farmers?

—They are               holes on the hill.They want to plant some trees.

2．He didn't know English at all，so he can't understand how to               the machine.

3．David didn't give up though he had failed in the               our times.

4．When the              world was in front of us，we all shouted excitedly.

5．Though my grandpa is 60，he is full of               and like a young man.

B．根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。

Rules in Museums

If you __6__(比较)the museums of the past with those of today，you will find that today's museums are active centres of learning.People can learn about __7__(通信)and the environment as well as physics and __8__(化学)．So the museums are interesting for people of all __9__(年龄)．No wonder there are lots of people visiting museums every day.Of course there are some  rules for you when you visit a museum.

(1)You can talk，but be __10__(礼貌的)to those around you.It may seem that you should be quiet in a museum，but most curators(馆长)would love it if more people talk with each other about their exhibition.

(2)Ask before taking photos.If you take photos without permission(允许)，you will be in __11__(麻烦)．Maybe you will be __12__(惩罚)．

(3)Do not touch！Keep away from the rope or exhibits(展览品)like paintings on walls or trucks on __13__(轮子)．

(4)Never bring food or drinks into the museum.It's no good eating or drinking there.

(5)Do not keep children alone.Children are refused to  enter  some museums.But if children are allowed to enter，remember that a museum is not a playground.Children should not run or shout in it.__14__(父母)should be with children unless they are doing __15__(实验)there.

题组C  培优拔尖练

A

In the state of Qin(秦国), there was a man called Shang Yang(商鞅). He was a statesman(政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革)for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards(报酬)to soldiers who were successful when at war.

But these reforms were not easily carried out(执行)at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole.

Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”

It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.

Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”

This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.

After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him. 

Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire(帝国).

1.What did Shang Yang do?

A.A statesman.  B.A king.

C.An emperor.  D.A soldier.

2.In order to carry out his reforms, what idea did Shang Yang have?

A.Having a wooden pole carrying competition.

B.Having a wooden pole cutting competition.

C.The man stepping forward first would be praised.

D.The man carrying the pole from the south gate to the north one would get some gold pieces.

3.Why did Shang Yang’s reward increase at last?

A.Because a man stepped forward.

B.Because there wasn’t enough time.

C.Because Shang Yang heard no answer.

D.Because Shang Yang was happy.

4.“They believed he was a man of his word.” What does the underlined part mean? 

A.A man who can speak loudly.

B.A man who likes to speak a lot.

C.A man who keeps his word.

D.A man of few words.

5.After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China?

A.Shang Yang became the first emperor.

B.The first empire of China appeared.

C.The south gate fell down.

D.The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.

B

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

There are a lot of school rules around the world.For example，in Australia，Canada，Japan and the United States，students have to wear  __1__(uniform)，and they are not allowed to wear  earrings.

Some schools in Japan and other countries have rules __2__ hair.For example，students are not allowed to change the colour of their hair.In the United States，boys can not have __3__(they)hair grow long.

For __4__(safe)at some US schools，students must have __5__ pair of indoor shoes at school every day.This __6__(make)sure students won't fall over on the wet floors and keeps the schools clean.

 Gum chewing is not allowed in many US school buildings，as it is difficult __7__(clean)up.And if students chew gum in class，they may not pay __8__(many)attention to their studies.

In most foreign countries，school students are allowed to work part­time and give their hair different colours.But differently，__9__(Japan)school students are not allowed to work part­time __10__ change the colour of their hair.