2021-2022学年四川省成都市新都区高一下学期期末测试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年四川省成都市新都区高一下学期期末测试英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了 答非选择题时，必须使用0， 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回，15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

新都区2022年（春季）高一年级期末测试题
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。第I卷（选择题）1至8页，第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）9-10页，全卷共10页；满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，务必将自己的姓名、考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4、所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5. 考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
第I卷（满分100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有1秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
答案：C。
1. Where should the boy look?
A. In the toy box. B. In the drawers. C. On the counter.
2. What does the woman think of the table?
A. It is not very old. B. It is very valuable. C. It is well kept.
3. How much will the woman pay in total?
A. $400. B. $200. C. $125.
4. What is the man probably worried about?
A. Having to pay for the shirt.
B. Talking to the salesman.
C. Letting someone think they were stealing.
5. What will the speakers probably do tonight?
A. Watch a game. B. Eat at a restaurant. C. Go shopping.
第二节（15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers discussing?
A. When to watch the movie. B. How to watch the movie. C. Where to watch the movie.
7. What do we know about the movie?
A. It is an English film.
B. It is a foreign film to the speakers.
C. It is an award-winning film.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why does the floor need cleaning?
A. A dog made a mess. B. Jack played football. C. The woman spilled soup.
9. Where is the smell coming from?
A. The soup. B. The flowers. C. The floor cleaner.
10. Who is the man probably talking with?
A. His secretary. B. His gardener. C. His wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What did the man just get?
A. A ring. B. A plane ticket. C. An electronic device.
12. Where would the woman probably like to get married?
A. On an island. B. In her hometown. C. In a nice foreign country.
13. When does the woman hope to be married?
A. Next spring. B. Next summer. C. Next winter.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When was the last time the speakers saw each other!
A. Ten years ago. B. Five years ago. C. Three years ago.
15. What is different about the man?
A. He has a beard. B. He grows his hair long. C. He gains some weight.
16. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is pregnant. B. She has children. C. She will get married.
17. Why did the man move into a new place?
A. His previous apartment was too old.
B. His previous apartment was too small.
C. His previous apartment was to expensive.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Which part of France did the skier go to?
A. The north. B. The east. C. The south.
19. Which sport will the class study first?
A. Track and field. B. Swimming. C. Skiing.
20. What should students do if their sport isn’t mentioned?
A. Send a note to the teacher. B. Learn about it on their own. C. Tell the teacher at the end of the class.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
A
Stories Behind Famous Company Names



Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.

This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.

Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.

The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.


1. Which company name has a close relationship with literature?
A. Pepsi B. Cadillac
C. Starbucks D. Rolex
2. Which of the following statements is True?
A. Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.
B. Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.
C. Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.
D. Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown.
3. From the passage, we can learn that .
A. a famous company name is easy to spell
B. a special story can make a company famous
C. a company name usually has a special meaning in it
D. a company name is related to the founder’s profession
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdorf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它 ，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家Antonie Laumet De La Mothe Cadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
B
In British Bristol, 70 English women at once entered into legal "marriage" with dozens of trees in protest (反对，抗议) against their being cut down. They "married" the trees in an attempt (试图) to prevent them from being cleared for construction (建造) of residential buildings worth £55 million in the forest. The British construction company has applied for the construction of 166 houses in Bristol, including luxury (奢华的) cottages. At the same time, the townspeople were especially angry at the fact that the application did not show the exact number of trees that are planned to be cut down. So, in order to attract the attention of the government, the activists organized an unusual wedding ceremony to save the forest.
The event took place at a park on Spike Island. The women who went there, dressed in wedding dresses, held photographs of the "suitors" in their hands. The celebration itself took place according to the classic storyline—with groomsmen and wedding vows (誓词). The organizer was John Tarleton, a professor at the Bristol Veterinary School, According to him, this action was supposed to suggest that tees are partners of people throughout their life.
The idea to hold such a ceremony came from Siobhan Kierans, who admitted that she came up with it by the story of women from the environmental movement Chipko, who chained (链在一起) themselves to trees in the 1970s to save them from destruction by logging companies.
The protesters said that Bristol needs trees more than luxury private housing. One of the "brides", Suzan Hackett, said, "To get married to a tree is a real honor. It's not a show. It's highly significant (important) and symbolic."
4. Why did the women marry trees?
A. To protect the trees from going extinct (dying out).
B. To appeal to (呼吁) people to plant more trees.
C. To draw the government's attention to save the forest.
D. To blame the company for damaging trees.
5. What does the underlined word "suitors" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The men to marry. B. The companies to build houses.
C. The buildings to be pulled down. D. The trees to be saved.
6. What inspired Siobhan Kierans to create such an event?
A. A previous (以前的) environmental campaign.
B. Cruel behavior of logging companies.
C. Movements of women fighting for rights.
D. Women chained to trees for their faults.
7. What does Suzan Hackett think of the event?
A. Interesting. B. Meaningful.
C. Pioneering. D. Emotional.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“So, in order to attract the attention of the government, the activists organized an unusual wedding ceremony to save the forest.（因此，为了吸引政府的注意，活动家们组织了一个不寻常的婚礼来拯救森林。）”可知，妇女要嫁给树的原因是提醒当局注意拯救森林。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“In British Bristol, 70 English women at once entered into legal "marriage" with dozens of trees in protest against their being cut down.（在英国布里斯托尔，70名英国妇女立即与数十棵树结成合法的“婚姻”，以抗议树木被砍伐。）”中女性与树结婚以及划线词前文“The women who went there, dressed in wedding dresses, held photographs of（那些穿着结婚礼服的女人们手里拿着照片…）”可知，婚礼现场新娘拿着的应该是“新郎”，即树，的照片。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The idea to hold such a ceremony came from Siobhan Kierans, who admitted that she came up with it by the story of women from the environmental movement Chipko, who chained themselves to trees in the 1970s to save them from destruction by logging companies.（举行这样一个仪式的想法来自Siobhan Kierans，她承认她是通过环保运动Chipko的妇女们的故事想出来的，她们在20世纪70年代把自己锁在树上，以免被伐木公司毁坏。）”可知，正是之前的一个环保运动启发Siobhan Kierans创造了这样一个活动。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“One of the "brides", Suzan Hackett, said, "To get married to a tree is a real honor. It's not a show. It's highly significant and symbolic."（其中一位“新娘”Suzan Hackett说：“和一棵树结婚是一种真正的荣耀。这不是演出。这是非常重要和具有象征意义的。”）”中的significant and symbolic可知，Suzan认为这项活动很有意义。故选B。
C
Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’ t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’ s “ Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’ s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “ We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
8. How are social robots different from household robots?
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
9. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
10. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______.
A. train employees
B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies
D. take the place of workers
11. What does the passage mainly present?
A. A new design idea of household robots.
B. Marketing strategies for social robots.
C. Information on household robots.
D. An introduction to social robots.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第二段While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.可知，社会机器人更像人，比如这些机器人被设计能够分辨人的心情是高兴还是悲伤。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.和It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.可知，此机器人可以听您的指令，提醒家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us”可以推断出，社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。选D。
D
Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China over the last few days has seen man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, the Winter Olympics took place on almost 100% man-made snow for the first time. This year’s Winter Olympics were held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow. That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry.
China took water from a reservoir (水库) which helped supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, China ran miles and miles of pipes. China says making the snow took about 49,000 gallons ( 185,500 liters ) of water. China hired a company called TechnoAlpin to create the snow. TechnoAlpin created man-made snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in this year’s Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles ( 64 kilometers ) of pipes and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. With all equipment, making the snow for this year’s Games took seven weeks.
Man-made snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. Still, the advanced machines can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. China says that the snow at this year’s Winter Olympics was produced by using wind and solar energy.
Man-made snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, approximately 90% of the snow was also made by machine.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The classification of skiing. B. The necessity of creating artificial snow.
C. The significance of the Olympics. D. The characteristics of the Gobi Desert.
13. What is needed for transporting water?
A. Reservoirs. B. Machines. C. Equipment. D. Pipes.
14. What can we infer about man-made snow?
A. Its types vary in every sport.
B. It has no difference from natural snow.
C. It became uncommon in winter sports events.
D. It can’t be made in environment-friendly ways.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Dry Conditions B. Snow-making Methods
C. The Artificial Snow D. China’s Winter Olympics
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是北京冬奥运赛场的人造雪的制造方法。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Since the area gets little natural snow, the Winter Olympics took place on almost 100% man-made snow for the first time.(由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”和“The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow. That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry.(这个地区在冬天很冷，但是他们没有很多雪。这是因为它们离戈壁沙漠不远，而且通常都非常干燥。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是人造雪的必要性。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, China ran miles and miles of pipes.(为了把水运到山上用来造雪，中国铺设了数英里长的管道。)”可知，运输水需要管道，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Still, the advanced machines can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport.(尽管如此，这些先进的机器可以根据每种运动的需要制造几种不同的雪。)”可知，人造雪的类型在每种运动中都不同。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China over the last few days has seen man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, the Winter Olympics took place on almost 100% man-made snow for the first time.(在过去的几天里，在中国北京观看冬奥会的人都看到了人造雪。由于该地区几乎没有天然雪，冬奥会首次几乎100%是在人造雪上举行的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是北京冬奥会的赛场几乎100%采用人造雪以及人造雪的制造方法，因此最恰当的题目是C选项“The Artificial Snow(人造雪)”，故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Be a good tourist
Tourism can be good or bad. Yes, it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals, but it may also bring some problems.
_____16_____ Tourists have used paint, rocks or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places. Thousands of tourist sites are being destroyed by tourists who “love them to death”. _____17_____ If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.
Another big problem in some places has been tourists disturbing the local people and life. _____18_____ For example, Chang Mai University in Tailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies. I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate. _____19_____
The number of problems from tourists is endless: walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by, crossing roads without observing local traffic laws, and many more. The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you not the one! _____20_____
Remember, whenever you step outside your country’s borders, you are representing your country to the rest of the world.
A. Just think from other aspects.
B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.
D. Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible.
E. I have three words for people like this: please stop it.
F. One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace.
G. Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出了游客在景区的一些不文明的行为，并呼吁我们要杜绝这些行为，尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。
【16题详解】
根据下文“Tourists have used paint, rocks or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places.”（游客们在埃及卢克索神庙、罗马竞技场、英国巨石阵、珠穆朗玛峰底部的纪念石以及许多其他地方用颜料、石头甚至钥匙刻字。）可知，这段主要讲的是游客给景区造成的问题。F项One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace.（一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方。）能够引起下文，正是因为想证明去过这些地方，才在上面刻字，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据下文“If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.”（如果你想在这个世界上留下印记，那就用善良和爱去改变别人的生活。把仁慈传给后代，而不是毁灭。）可知，这里作者对游客刻字的行为表示否定，认为应该停止这种行为。E项I have three words for people like this: please stop it.（我对这样的人想说三个字：请停止。）能够引起下文，表达了作者对游客在景点刻字的行为的否定态度，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Chang Mai University in Tailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies.”（泰国清迈大学和韩国延世大学有大量游客参观他们的校园，穿过他们的图书馆和其他公共区域，给学生拍照，扰乱他们的学习。）可知，这里讲述的是游客带来的另外一个问题，他们打扰了本地人正常的生活。G项Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.（一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照。）能够引起下文，下文正是对这种不文明行为的举例，故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文可知，本段主要讲的是一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照的行为。根据空格前句子“I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate.”（我对这样的游客想说三个字：请体谅。）可知，作者不希望游客打扰到本地人的正常生活。C项Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.（以不打扰他人的方式享受乐趣。）符合段落主旨及作者的观点态度，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空格前句子“The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you not the one!”（解决可怕的游客问题的唯一办法就是确保你不是其中之一。）可知，接下来作者应该讲述我们应该成为什么样的游客。D项Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible.（尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。）能够承接上文，不要做行为可怕的游客，要做善良的、有礼貌的游客，故选D。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完型填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑（满分30分，共20小题，每小题1.5分）
I was a young newspaper reporter, and I wanted to succeed. My first ____21____ was in Latin America. It was almost my last job. I had not planned to stay in the village of Zacate, ____22____ it had been raining hard for a whole day. So I had to stay there.
I found people there full of ____23____. This village was at the foot of a volcano (火山). It was becoming more ____24____. Men, women and children came to the square. A few ____25____ each other and went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible, with large and full ____26____ in their hands. Suddenly, I felt a strong ____27____. The villagers in the square ran away as ____28____ as they felt the earthquake.
At the right time, I saw black smoke ____29____ down the side of the mountain towards the village. Trees and grass burned up in a second. The volcano eruption was coming so _____30_____ that in less than a minute the roads to the villages were _____31_____. All I could do was watching and _____32_____. Suddenly, my landlord (房东) cried out, “Look!” He _____33_____ to a small hill. The lava (岩浆) was not coming over it but _____34_____ on each side of the village, _____35_____ the village center undamaged. Luckily, for a time, at least, we were _____36_____.
My landlord gave me a _____37_____ blanket to cover myself to avoid the _____38_____ and we poured water over our heads to cool ourselves. We could hardly breathe because of the heat and the _____39_____ of the burning houses. Thanks _____40_____ my landlord, I survived the volcano.
21. A. friend B. job C. trip D. shopping
22. A. so B. if C. or D. but
23. A. happiness B. fear C. decision D. power
24. A. comfortable B. weak C. active D. calm
25. A. helped B. saw C. caught D. found
26. A. flowers B. umbrellas C. books D. packs
27. A. flood B. earthquake C. cold D. fire
28. A. fast B. quickly C. soon D. quietly
29. A. rolling B. disappearing C. lying D. settling
30. A. gradually B. frequently C. strongly D. hardly
31. A. put off B. cut off C. built up D. fixed up
32. A. waiting B. shouting C. complaining D. crying
33. A. returned B. added C. got D. pointed
34. A. recovering B. resting C. seeking D. flowing
35. A. leaving B. making C. letting D. getting
36. A. dangerous B. warm C. safe D. healthy
37. A. dry B. new C. small D. wet
38. A. light B. heat C. fear D. coldness
39. A. smoke B. smell C. sight D. sound
40 A. for B. of C. to D. with
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名记者在拉丁美洲经历了一场火山爆发，最后幸存下来的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一份工作在拉丁美洲。A. friend朋友；B. job工作；C. trip旅行；D. shopping购物。根据下文“It was almost my last job.”可推知，此处指这是作者的第一份工作，也几乎是最后一份工作。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我本不打算呆在Zacate村庄，但是大雨下了一整天。A. so所以；B. if如果；C. or否则；D. but但是。通过上文“I had not planned to stay in the village”可推知，作者没打算停留，下文“I had to stay there”说明，作者因为下雨而不得不停留，前后具有明显的转折含义，应该使用表示转折含义的连词“but”。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现那里的人们充满恐惧。A. happiness开心；B. fear恐惧；C. decision决策；D. power力量。根据下文“went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible”可推知，此处指人们充满了恐惧，十分害怕，所以才尽可能远离火山。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火山开始变得越来越活跃。A. comfortable舒服的；B. weak虚弱的；C. active活跃的；D. calm冷静的。根据下文“Men, women and children came to the square.”以及“went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible”可推知，此处指火山越来越活跃，快要爆发了。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A. helped帮助；B. saw看见；C. caught接住；D. found建立。根据下文“each other and went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible, with large and full ____6____ in their hands”可推知，此处指人们互相帮助，拿着东西，尽可能地远离火山。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们互相帮助，带着满满一大包的东西，出城尽可能远离火山。A. flowers鲜花；B. umbrellas伞；C. books书本；D. packs包裹。根据上文“went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible, with large and full”以及下文“in their hands”可推知，此处指人们要带着包裹离开镇上，远离火山。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一阵剧烈的地震。A. flood洪水；B. earthquake地震；C. cold寒冷；D. fire火。根据下文“they felt the earthquake”可推知，此处指作者感觉到了地震。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：广场上的村民一感觉到地震就逃跑了。A. fast快速地；B. quickly迅速地；C. soon马上、不久；D. quietly安静地。根据上文“ran away”以及下文“they felt the earthquake”可推知，此处指村民感觉到了地震后马上逃跑了。固定搭配“as soon as”意为“立刻、一……就……”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我看到黑烟沿着山的一侧朝村庄滚滚而来。A. rolling翻滚；B. disappearing消失；C. lying躺着；D. settling安置。根据下文“The volcano eruption was coming”可推知，此处指火山喷发了，冒出来的黑烟从山上朝山下村庄滚滚而来。故选A项。
30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A. gradually慢慢地；B. frequently频繁地；C. strongly强烈地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Trees and grass burned up in a second.”以及下文“in less than a minute”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：火山爆发来得如此猛烈，不到一分钟，通往村庄的道路就被切断了。A. put off推迟；B. cut off切断；C. built up建立；D. fixed up解决。根据上文“The volcano eruption was coming so strongly that in less than a minute the roads”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得极其猛烈，导致村庄的道路被切断了。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所能做的就是看着和等待。
A. waiting等待；B. shouting叫喊；C. complaining抱怨；D. crying哭泣。根据上文“the roads to the villages were cut off. All I could do was watching”可推知，此处指火山爆发来得相当猛烈，村庄的道路被切断了，而作者无能为力，只能看着，等待火山喷发结束。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指向一座小山。A. returned返回；B. added增加；C. got得到；D. pointed指着。根据上文“cried out, “Look!””以及下文“to a small hill”可推知，房东大喊，应该是指着小山，让作者他们看向那里。固定搭配“point to”意为“指向”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A. recovering恢复；B. resting休息；C. seeking寻找；D. flowing流动。根据上文“not coming over it but”以及下文“on each side of the village”可推知，此处指岩浆并没有朝作者他们流过去，而是向村子的两侧流去。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：岩浆并没有向这里流过来，而是向村子两侧流去，村子的中心没有被损坏。A. leaving留下、离开；B. making制作；C. letting允许；D. getting收到。根据上文“The lava was not coming over it but flowing on each side of the village”以及下文“the village center undamaged”可推知，此处指岩浆向村子的两侧流去，留下了未被损坏的村庄中心。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，至少有一段时间，我们是安全的。A. dangerous危险的；B. warm温暖的；C. safe安全的；D. healthy健康的。通过上文“leaving the village center undamaged. Luckily, for a time”可推知，此处指村庄中心未被破坏，所以作者他们至少有一段时间是安全的。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A. dry干的；B. new新的；C. small小的；D. wet湿的。根据下文“to cool ourselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，房东给了作者一条湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的房东给了我一条湿毯子来盖住自己，以避高温，我们把水倒在头上来给自己降温。A. light光；B. heat高温；C. fear害怕；D. coldness寒冷。根据下文“to cool ourselves”可推知，此处指岩浆很热，需要用湿毯子盖住自己，给自己降温，避免温度过高，造成烫伤。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于燃烧的房屋的热量和烟，我们几乎无法呼吸。A. smoke烟；B. smell气味；C. sight视野；D. sound声音。根据上文“I saw black smoke”和“could hardly breathe”以及下文“of the burning houses”可推知，使作者很难呼吸的原因是燃烧时产生的大量热量和烟。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏我的房东，我才在火山中活了下来。A. for为了；B. of属于（某物/某人）；C. to到，向；D. with具有，和。根据上文“My landlord gave me a wet blanket to cover myself”和“Thanks”以及下文“my landlord, I survived the volcano”可推知，此处指多亏了房东，作者才在这次火山喷发事件中得以幸存。固定搭配“thanks to”意为“幸亏、归因于”。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷（50分）
注意事项：用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Friday, doctors at the University of Maryland Medical Center successfully replaced ____41____ heart of a very sick man with a specially-grown pig’s heart. It is the first time that doctors ____42____ (do) this surgery by now. After three days, the patient appears to be doing very well. Dr. Bartley Griffith who is the first surgeon ____43____ ( perform ) the operation, said this had never been done before. David Bennett, 57, is the man offered the heart. He was given special ____44____ (permit) to have the unusual operation because without it, he would have died.
Transplants (移植) usually come from people who have died, but want ____45____ (they) organs to be used to help other people live. There are far ____46____ (large) numbers of patients who need organs than those of organs. Over 3,800 Americans got heart transplants last year. But there are ____47____ (rough) 110,000 people who are waiting for some kind of transplant. For years, scientists have tried to figure out ____48____ they transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own.
Muhammad is one of the ____49____ (doctor) who helped perform the surgery. He’s been working to develop methods to help prevent pig organs _____50_____ being rejected in humans. Doctors are watching Mr. Bennett’s recovery.
【答案】41. the
42. have done
43. to perform
44. permission
45. their 46. larger
47. roughly
48. how 49. doctors
50. from
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。
【41题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。空格处用定冠词the特指“一位重病患者的心脏”，故填the。
【42题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是医生们第一次做这种手术。It is the first time that...是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用现在完成时，主语doctors是复数，因此空格处是have done，故填have done。
【43题详解】
考查不定式。句意：Bartley Griffith医生是第一个做这个手术的医生，他说这是前所未有的。surgeon前有序数词first修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，故填to perform。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：他得到了做这个不寻常手术的特别许可，因为如果没有手术，他就会死。special是形容词，修饰名词，permit的名词是permission，意为“允许”，是不可数名词，故填permission。
【45题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：器官移植通常来自那些已经去世但希望自己的器官用于帮助他人生存的人。organs和they之间是所属关系，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词organs，故填their。
【46题详解】
考查比较级。句意：需要器官的病人远远多于需要器官的病人。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级larger，故填larger。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：但大约有11万人在等待某种移植。空格处用副词修饰数词110,000，rough的副词是roughly，意为“大约”，故填roughly。
【48题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：多年来，科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的”，空格处意为“如何”，是how，故填how。
【49题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：穆罕默德是协助进行手术的医生之一。“one of”后跟名词的复数doctors，故填doctors。
【50题详解】
考查固定短语和介词。句意：他一直致力于研究防止猪器官在人类体内排异的方法。prevent sb. from doing是固定短语，意为“防止某人做某事”，因此空格处用介词from，故填from。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 根据提示填空（共10空，共10分，每题1分。）答题卡上请写出完整单词。
51. The poor man made a big ________ (财富) by selling old things.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】fortune
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个穷人靠卖旧东西谋生。结合汉语提示及句意，所填空处填财富的名词形式作宾语，fortune意为“财富”，且结合前文a，此处用单数。故填fortune。
52. Watching violence on TV makes some children more ________ (好斗的). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】aggressive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：看电视上的暴力镜头使一些孩子更具攻击性。分析句子结构可知，空处放在more后用形容词原级，作makes宾语的补足语。“好斗的”译为：aggressive。故填：aggressive。
53. Nowadays bicycles are becoming an ______(可替代的) means of private cars. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】alternative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，自行车正成为私家车的一种替代方式。根据汉语提示可知，alternative可替代的，形容词作定语修饰空后名词means。故填alternative。
54. The Internet makes it c______ for us to shop online in the comfort of our home. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】convenient##onvenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：互联网使我们在舒适的家里网上购物很方便。make it+形容词+ for sb.+ to do sth.使得某人做某事……。根据首字母提示及句意，故填convenient。
55. If your right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a w________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】weapon##eapon
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你的右手忙着和别人打招呼，那它就不能拿着武器。分析可知，不定冠词后需用名词，且为单数形式。结合句意“武器”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词weapon。故填weapon。
56. He went to an art school to study painting and s________ (雕塑).（根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】 sculpture##culpture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他去了一所艺术学校学习绘画和雕塑。分析句子可知，所填空处填名词作宾语，与painting为并列关系，结合首字母和汉语提示，此处应填名词sculpture。故填sculpture。
57. The central government is sparing no effort to help people out of p________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】poverty##overty
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府正在不遗余力地帮助人们摆脱贫困。分析可知，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意和首字母提示，poverty为不可数名词，意为“贫困”，符合题意。故填poverty。
58. The 1987 hurricane was the worst natural d________ to hit England for decades. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】disaster##isaster
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：1987年的飓风是几十年来袭击英国最严重的自然灾害。用单数名词disaster (灾难)作表语，指代单数主语The 1987 hurricane。故填disaster。
59. It’s necessary for us to know our own s________ and weaknesses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】strengths##trengths
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们有必要了解自己的优势和劣势。根据空后“and weaknesses”和首字母s提示可知，strength优势，名词作宾语，符合题意；由空后weaknesses 可知，空处名词也需用其复数形式。故填strengths。
60. Our school considers it a duty to prepare students to make_______(贡献) to society.
【答案】contributions
【解析】
【详解】本题考查名词。解题要点：根据所给出句子，结合汉语提示，可推出是“contribution”，make contributions to“对……做出贡献”是固定短语。结合句意：我们学校认为培养学生对社会做出贡献是一种责任。故答案为contributions。
第二节 书面表达（共25分）
61. 假设你是李华，你校英文校报计划举行“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”的活动，正在针对该活动征集倡议信。请你写一封倡议信投稿。内容包括：
1.乱扔口罩的现象；
2.乱扔口罩的危害及应对措施；
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear schoolmates,
Recently I have noticed that some students throw away abandoned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. Littering masks may cause unimaginable consequences, such as the spread of infectious diseases and great harm to the environment.
So how to deal with the abandoned masks is our top priority. First of all, a unified collection should be carried out and a fixed recycling can for masks should be placed. Furthermore, it is necessary to disinfect the garbage cans to prevent the spread of harmful germs effectively.
It’s time for our school to launch a campaign to teach students how to dispose of the masks properly and keep our campus clean and tidy Let's get started!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校英文校报计划举行的“妥善处理口罩，共创卫生校园”活动写一封倡议信投稿，分析乱扔口罩的现象及危害，给出应对措施。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
废弃的：deserted→abandoned
结果：result→consequence
固定：settled→fixed
开展一项活动：carry out an activity→launch a campaign
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Furthermore, it is necessary to disinfect the garbage cans to prevent the spread of harmful germs effectively.
拓展句：In addition, trash cans should be disinfected so that the spread of harmful bacteria can be prevented effectively.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently I have noticed that some students throw away abandoned masks causally and the campus has been littered with discarded masks everywhere. (运用了宾语从句)
[高分句型2] First of all, a unified collection should be carried out and a fixed recycling can for masks should be placed. (运用了并列句)