中考 非谓语动词用法+练习+答案
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这是一份中考 非谓语动词用法+练习+答案,共8页。试卷主要包含了 It's fr sb, 作条件状语, 表方式或伴随情况等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点精要
动词不定式
动词不定式作主语
1. 当动词不定式作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数。如:
T say smething is ne thing; t d it is anther. (说是一回事,做是另一回事。)
T help animals is helping peple. (帮助动物就是帮助人)
2. 当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语,以使句子保持平衡。如:
It tk me half an hur t wrk ut this prblem. (解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)
It is nt difficult t wrk ut the prblem. 弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。
It's very kind f yu t help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
3. It's fr sb. t d…和 It's f sb. t d…
这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用fr或f的区别。
(1)fr sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impssible等。如:
It's very hard fr him t study tw languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
It is very difficult (fr us) t learn Chinese well. (对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难.
(2)f sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:gd, kind, nice, clever, flish, right。例如:
It's very nice f yu t help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。=Yu are very nice t help me.
动词不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:
My wrk is t clean the rm every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is t be a dctr. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
动词不定式作宾语
1. 及物动词ask,agree,beg,care,chse,decide,expect,frce,fail, hpe,learn,manage,ffer,pretend,plan,prepare,prmise,refuse,want,wish等要求动词不定式作宾语。如:
We want t learn sme bdy language.我们想学习一点身势语。
She has decided t g t Guangzhu tmrrw.她已经决定明天去广州。
N ne can affrd t buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。
2. 在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式移至形容词之后,构成“主语+动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如:
I fund it difficult t learn English well. (我发现学好英语很难。)
He is trying t make it easier t slve the prblem. (他在努力让这个问题的解决容易起来。)
动词不定式作宾补
1. 能以带t的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,allw,get,warn,tell,invite,frce,beg,wish,want, like,hate,expect,encurage,advise,persuade,permit,request, rder,cause,等。如:
Wuld yu like me t help yu? Father will nt allw us t play n the street.
2. 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了t,这些动词有: “一感”“二听”“三让”“四观看”。 一感:feel;二听:hear, listen t;三让:let, have, make;四观看:bserve, see, watch, lk at。但是,转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带t的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。
What wuld yu have me d? 你要我做什么? She made him give up smking. 她让他戒了烟。
Let him d whatever he wishes t d. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
I saw him dance after supper. = He was seen t dance after supper .
The bss made them wrk the whle night. =They were made t wrk the whle night. (老板让他们整夜干活。)
动词不定式作定语
1. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。如:
I have a lt f wrk t d. There was nthing t bring hme that mrning.
D yu have anything t say? Wuld yu like smething t drink?
2. 不定式里的动词如果是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
She has nthing t wrry abut. Please give me sme paper t write n.
Let’s find a rm t put these things in. He has n pen t write with.
动词不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语, 常用结构为t d , in rder t d, s as t d, s(such)… as t…(如此…以便…)。如:
He ran s fast as t catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I cme here nly t say gd-bye t yu. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2. 作结果状语。如:
He searched the rm nly t find nthing. 他搜索了房间,却没发现什么。(nly t可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。)
3. 作原因状语。如:
I'm glad t see yu. 见到你很高兴。 She cried t see her mther. 她一看到她的妈妈就哭了。
4. 作条件状语。如:
He must be a fl t say s. 这样说他可定是傻子。
Yu will d well t speak mre carefully. 如果你仔细说,你会做得更好。
疑问词+动词不定式
decide,find ut, frget,knw,learn,remember,wnder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构,用作宾语。疑问词一般是what,wh(m),where,hw,whether,why,which。如:
Wuld yu teach us hw t drive a car? 你愿意教我们如何开车吗?
Let me tell yu what t d nw. 让我来告诉你现在该做什么。
不定式的否定形式
1.不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词nt。如:
Tell him nt t shut the windw。让他别关窗。
She pretended nt t see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。
2.关于表示否定的情况
表示“如此以致不能,”一般表示否定。如:
He is t yung t g t schl. (=He is s yung that he can't g t schl.)他年龄太小,不能上学。
She was t excited t say a wrd. (=She was s excited that she culd nt say a wrd.)他激动的连一句话也说不出来。
不定式的省略形式
1.情态动词(除ught 外)后。如:He can swim very well.
2.使役动词 let, have, make后以及感官动词 see, watch, lk at, ntice , bserve, hear, listen t, smell, feel, find 等后。
3.wuld rather,had better句型后。如:Yu’d better g hme nw.
4.Why… / why n…句型后。如:Why nt g and ask yur teacher fr help?
5.help 后可带t,也可不带t, help sb (t) d sth。如:He always helps (t) d sme husewrk.
6.but和except后。but前是实义动词d时,后面出现的不定式不带t,即“有d无t”.
比较:He wants t d nthing but g ut. 他只想出去玩。
He wants t believe anything but t take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
7.由and, r和than连接的两个不定式,第二个t 可以省去.
He likes t play sccer and surf n the Internet.
动名词
动名词作主语
Learning a freign language is very useful t me. 学习一门外语,来说是非常重要的。
动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别。一般地说,动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为,尤其是强调多次性的动作;不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作,特别是将来的动作。例如:
Smking is nt allwed here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is nt very gd fr yu t smke s much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
动名词作宾语
1. 有些动词只能用动名词作直接宾语,不能用不定式作直接宾语。如:advise,avid,cnsider,delay,finish,mind,miss,permit,practise,enjy appreciate,imagine,如:
He finished reading the bk yesterday.他昨天看完这本书。
Have yu cnsidered lking fr ne special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位特别亲密的朋友呢?
2. 动名词作介词宾语的用法
, depend n,feel like, be fnd f, be prud f, put ff, give up, devte neself t ,help yurself t, be busy in,be afraid f, aplgize fr, pay attentin t,lk frward t等。
I dn't feel like walking very much tday. 今天我不想走太多的路。
The Great Green will stp the wind frm blwing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
注意: 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如:
have difficulty (in) ding,have n truble (in) ding,(frm) ding,etc;
I have sme difficult in prnuncing sme f the wrds in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。
The heavy rain kept them frm ging ut.大雨阻止了他们外出。
We must stp them (frm) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。
3. 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语,也可以用不定式作直接宾语,两者有着截然不同的意义
(1)like,lve,prefer,等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词,后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”;后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种爱好或习惯性的动作”。如:
I dn't like t read this nvel.我不喜欢看这本小说。 I dn't like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。
I prefer t wrk rather than sit idle.我情愿工作而不愿闲坐着。
注意:这几个词前面有wuld, shuld 时,后面都只跟不定式。如:
Wuld yu like t dine ut? 你愿意在外面吃顿饭吗?
(2)动词remember,frget,stp,g n,try,regret,can't help等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语,但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时,表示未完成的动作。如:
= 1 \* GB3 ①remember 后用动名词表示“记起过去做过的一件事”;后用动词不定式表示“记住要去做某一件事情”。如:
Remember t g t the pst ffice after schl. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Dn't yu remember seeing the man befre? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
= 2 \* GB3 ②frget 后用动词不定式表示.“忘记要去做某件事情”;后用动名词表示“忘记过去做过的一件事情”。
The light in the ffice is still n. He frgt t turn it ff. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。
He frgt turning the light ff. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
= 3 \* GB3 ③stp后用动词不定式表示“停下来做另一件事情”(停下来的目的);后用动名词表示“停止正在做的事情”。如:
They stp t smke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。I must stp smking. 我必须戒烟了。
= 4 \* GB3 ④g n ding sth 表示“继续不停地做某事”或“一件事没有做完,停顿后继续做下去;而g n t d sth. 表示继续做与原来不同的事。”如:
After he had finished his maths,he went n t d his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
G n ding the ther exercise after yu have finished this ne. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤try 用动词不定式表示“设法去做某件事情”;后用动名词表示“试一试”。如:
Yu must try t be mre careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥mean后用动词不定式表示“打算、想要做某事”;后用动名词表示“意味着、意思是”。例如:
I meant t tell yu yesterday,but yu were nt in yur ffice.我打算昨天告诉你,但是你不在办公室。
Missing the train means waiting fr an hur错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。
= 7 \* GB3 ⑦can't help后用动词不定式表示“不能帮助做”。后用动名词表示“禁不住”。如:
He culdn't help crying. 他禁不住大哭起来。
We culdn't help t finish it. 我们不能帮助完成这件事。
= 8 \* GB3 ⑧be afraid t d表示“害怕去做某事”;be afraid f ding表示“担心”。如:
She was afraid t wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid f waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
4. 动词need, want以及 be wrth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思,相当于不定式的被动语态。如:His clthes need mending (need t be mended). 他的衣服需要缝补。
Our teacher said that ur way f study needed imprving. 老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
These babies will need taking gd care f. 这些婴儿需要细心照料。
His talk is well wrth listening t. 他的报告很值得一听。
动名词作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容。
Yur task is cleaning the windws. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate mst is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
用于布告形式的省略结构中
如:N smking ( =N smking is allwed here ). (禁止吸烟) N parking. (禁止停车)
现在分词
现在分词作表语
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encuraging, disappinting, cnfusing, tuching, puzzling,etc
He was very amusing. That bk was rather bring.
现在分词作定语
面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰名词,如:
That must be a terrifying experience. I fund him an interesting persn.
在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句,如:
There are a few bys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting utside.
现在分词作状语
1. 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:
Fllwing Tm, we started t climb the muntain.
Taking a key ut f his pcket, he pened the dr.
2. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句:
Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
3. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句:
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy. Returning hme, he began t d his hmewrk.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crssing the rad.
现在分词作宾补
现在分词在一些动词之后(see, hear, catch, find, keep , have)做宾语的补语,如:
I see him passing my huse every day. I caught him stealing things in that shp.
I smelt smething burning. She kept him wrking all day.
现在分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定结构由“nt+现在分词”构成,如:
Nt knwing where t g, she went t the plice fr help. Nt seeing Jhn,I asked where he was.
过去分词
动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
过去分词作表语
主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:
Dn’t tuch the glass because it is brken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design f the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
过去分词做定语
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面。如:
The excited peple rushed int the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
2. 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面。如:
Is there anything planned fr tmrrw? 明天有什么活动计划吗?
The suggestin made by the freign expert was adpted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
3. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The bks, written by Lu Xun, are ppular with many Chinese peple.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by ne thusand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
过去分词做状语
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1. 表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。如:
Seen frm the tp f the hill, the city lked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided t devte his life t the cause f the Party. 入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
2. 表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Deeply mved by the stry, the excited peple stpped quarrelling with each ther.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encuraged by the speech, the yung peple made up their minds t take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
3. 表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:
Given anther chance, he will d better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。 (If he is given anther chance,…….)
If heated, water can be turned int steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
4. 表让步,相当于一个thugh/althugh引导的让步状语从句。如:
Exhausted by the running, they went n running after the rbber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many peple, he cntinued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
5. 表方式或伴随情况。如:
The ld man went int the rm, supprted by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking abut my jb. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
过去分词作宾补
过去分词可以在see, hear, ntice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:
When will yu g t the hspital and have yur tth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?
When yu are making a speech, yu shuld speak luder t make yurself heard.
练习汇总
1. We have tw rms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. t live, t chse which ne B. lived, chse which ne
C. t live in, which ne t chseD. live, which ne
2. —Hw is the baby?
—Danny did all kinds f things t make the baby ______,but it didn’t wrk
A. t stp crying B. stp crying C. t stp t cry D. stp t cry
3. —Driving less, walking mre is gd fr ur health.
—S I'd rather _____an hur's walk t wrk than cnsider a car.
A. take, driveB. take, t driveC. take, driving D. taking, driving
4. —What are n shw in the museum?
—Sme phts _____by the children f Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
5. —Yur English is pretty gd! Hw abut ______ sme advice t me?
—With pleasure.
A. giveB. givesC. givingD. given
6. —Please remember ______ the lights when yu leave the rm.
—OK, I will.
A. turn ff B. t turn ff C. turning ff D. t turn
7. — Haven’t yu seen the sign,_____ “NO PHOTOS”?
— I’m really srry I didn’t
A. reads B. t read C. read D. reading
8. —Wuld yu like ______camping with me?
— I’d like t. But I’m busy ______my hmewrk.
A. t g; t dB. t g; dingC. ging; t d D. ging; ding
—As teenagers,we’re ld enugh ______ with husewrk. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean ur wn rms.
—I culdn’t agree mre.
A. t help B. helping C. helpedD. t helping
10. —Gerge was heard _______ just nw. What happened?
—Peple was telling a jke.
A. t cryB. CryC. t laugh D. laugh
11.— Have yu made up yur mind _____ the chance t g t France?
— N. I’m practicing _____ the French language.
A. t give up; t learn B. t give up; learningC. giving up; t learn D. giving up; learning
12. —Hw abut ging shpping this weekend, Peter?
—Srry. I prefer ______ rather than ______.
A. t stay at hme, g ut B. t g ut, stay at hme
C. staying at hme, g ut D. ging ut, stay at hme
13. —Mary dances best in ur schl.
—I agree. I’ll never frget ____ her dance fr the first time.
A. seeing B. t see C. see D. seen
14. The great hall was crwded with many peple, ____many children ____n their parents’ laps.
A. including; seatedB. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting
15. — What d yu usually d at weekends? — I ften practice ____English.
A. speakB. t speak C. speaking D. spke
16. When I was walking past the windw, I nticed Wang Fei________ my hmewrk. I really gt_______.
A. cpying, annyed B. cpying, annying C. cpy, annyed D. cpied, annyed
17. — _______ a vlunteer is great.
— I think s. Sme f us want _______vlunteers fr the Lndn Olympics.
A. Being; being B. T be; being C. Being; t be D. T be; t be
18. —I ften have hamburgers fr lunch.
— Yu’d better nt. It’s bad fr yu ______ t much junk fd.
A. eatB. t eatC. eatingD. ate
19. As is knwn t us all, traveling is____, but we ften feel _____when we are back frm travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
20. Yu’d better ______ Oliver abut it. It’s secret.
A. tell B. t tell C. nt tell D. nt t tell
1.答案:C【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意:我们有两间屋子去居住,但是我不知道选择哪一个。第一个句子的live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一个”用“which ne t chse”。故选C。
2.答案:B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词用法。make后面跟不带t 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
3.答案:C 【解析】考察动词及动词短语的用法。wuld rather d意为“宁愿干某事”, 后面接动词原形;cnsider ding意为“考虑做某事”,后面接动名词。故选C。
4.答案:D【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。taken 作sme phts 的定语,分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。故选D。
5.答案:C【解析】非谓语动词的用法.Hw abut中abut的介词所以后面用动名词giving.故选C.
6.答案:B 【解析】非谓语动词的用法.remember t d表示记得去做sth,remember ding表示记得做过sth.根据文意知道要表示记得去做,所以选B.
7.答案:D【解析】-ing形式短语作定语,相当于which reads “NO PHOTOS”。
8.答案:B【解析】考查非谓语动词。wuld like t d sth.想要做某事;be busy ding sth.“忙于做某事。所以选择答案B。
9.答案:A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据enugh的句型:be + adj + enugh + t d sth. 可知用动词不定式的形式。
10.答案:C【解析】考查非谓语动词。 人们在讲笑话,不应该哭,排除A、B;be heard t d sth,是固定用法,意为:被听到做某事,故选C。
11.答案:B【解析】make up ne’s mind意为“决定”,后可接不定式或that从句作宾语。
12.答案:A【解析】动词用法。prefer t d rather than d意为“宁愿---而不愿”。根据句义,“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去”。
13.答案:A【解析】本题题意为“玛丽是我们学校跳舞最好的。”“我同意,我永远不会忘记第一次看她跳舞的时候。”考查非谓语性动词的用法,frget t d sth表示“忘记去做某事(事情未做)”;frget ding sth表示“忘记做过某事(事情已经完成)”,本题中“看她跳舞”这件事已经发生过,因此答案为A。
14.答案:A【解析】including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。
15.答案:C【解析】动词用法。practice ding sth。练习干某事。
16.答案:A【解析】考查固定用法。ntice sb. ding sth. 意为“看到某人正在干某事”,而ntice sb. d sth. 意为“看到某人做过某事”;get annyed意为“变得生气”,相当于get angry。句意为“当有人经过窗户的时候。我注意王峰正在抄作业。我真地很生气。”故选A。
17.答案:C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。want后跟不定式,排除A和B。t be作主语时,一般用于It is+adj. t be...。结构。动名词being 表示“作为”。故选C。
18.答案:B【解析】动词不定式。It为形式主语,动词不定式t eat t much junk fd 作真正的主语。
19.答案:A【解析】作形容词用的-ing形式常用来修饰物,作形容词用的-ed分词常用来修饰人。注意:当修饰人的表情、眼神、眼泪、叫声时,常用-ed分词,如:excited lk(激动的表情)。
20.答案:C 【解析】考查非谓语不定式。根据had better (nt) d sth.排除B和D,再由secret知道答案。
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