牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Grammar and usage优质导学案

这是一份牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Grammar and usage优质导学案，共11页。学案主要包含了非限制性定语从句的特点，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Period Three　Grammar and usage
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn grammar—Non-restrictive relative clauses(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language points：at risk，manner，make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(重点难点)

Activity 1　读文探究
阅读教材第6页的一段短文，探究并找出文中的非限制性定语从句。
which
1.The prices of tourist essentials such as transport，accommodation and food usually increase too，which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.
2.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained，wildlife habitats are likely to suffer，which could endanger the local plants and animals.
3.Local festivals and customs，which may have deep meaning in a particular culture，can simply become entertainment for tourists.
whose
These industries，in turn，give jobs to the local population，whose welfare depends on tourism.
where
More nature-centred tourist attractions，where man and nature live in harmony，can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.

Activity 2　感悟规律
1．非限制性定语从句通常使用逗号与主句隔开。
2．非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词不能省略。
3．可以使用which代指整个主句的内容。
Activity 3　语法精析
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
The children，who wanted to have a journey to the valley，were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想去山谷旅行的孩子都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
That they will get married，which has not been announced，has spread around.
他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
We’ll graduate in July，when we will be free.(先行词为名词)
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容)
他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
He has good manners，as could be judged from his behavior.
他很讲礼貌，这从他的行为可以判断出来。
Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital.
金先生迅速被送去医院了，他的腿受了重伤。
2．关系副词
when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，也可与“介词＋which”互换。
We will put off the outing until next Sunday，when/on which we won’t be so busy.
我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
Yesterday，they went out to have a picnic in the suburb，where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们到郊区去野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。
[名师点津]　(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为reason时，关系词不用why引导，用for which代替why。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday，which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他一整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女朋友很生气。
The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given.
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。


三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

as
which
指代
引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容
引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置
可位于主句之前，之中或之后
引导从句不能置于主句之前
意义
正如
这，那
功能
连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等
引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句

As we all know，the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
The singer，as was expected，achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。
Catherine will attend a friend’s wedding，which she is busy preparing for now.
凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正在为此做准备。
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
意义
起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整
仅作补充或说明作用，若去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整
结构要求
紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号
用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能
修饰先行词
修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词
所有的关系代词及关系副词
关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外

When you reached the village，you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood.
当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。
They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。
[巧学助记]
定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。

提示：例句中加底纹的词汇是本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
While the physical characteristics of the land may be at risk from tourism，the cultural aspects of the destination are also put in harm’s way.(教材P6)
at risk有风险
(1)take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事
take risks/a risk冒险
at the risk of...冒着……风险
(2)risk doing sth.冒险做某事

[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Your health might be at risk due to much smoking.
②Men who had been stressed tended to take more risks while women responded in the opposite way.
③It is not worthwhile to take/run the risk of offending your boss just to get such a small sum of money.
④He got well-prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks(risk)．
②Risking losing his life，the young man dove into the lake to save the drowning child.
→At the risk of losing his life，the young man dove into the lake to save the drowning child.
It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner.(教材P7)
manner n．方式，方法；举止；(manners)礼貌
in a…manner以……的方式
good/bad manners有/没有礼貌
It is bad/good manners to do sth.做某事没有/有礼貌。

[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①He spoke in such a manner as to hurt their feelings.
②It’s bad manners to break in while others are speaking.
别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
[名师点津]　manner作“方式；举止”讲时，常用单数；而作“礼貌；礼仪”讲时，常用复数。
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①He had to keep his large family in the manner he had chosen.
②While travelling abroad you’d better pay attention to table manners.
在国外旅行时，你最好注意一下餐桌礼仪。
Reducing the negative impact，wherever we travel，will help make it possible for many future generations to enjoy the same sites.(教材P6)
make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(1)句中make it possible for many future generations to enjoy the same sites属于“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。其中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
(3)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think，believe，find，consider，feel等。

[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①I find it hard to remember these words in a short time.
②I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
③I feel it our duty to look after our parents when they get old.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①You’ll find it quite helpful to do what you are interested in.
②This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop(develop)．
③(话题写作之传统文化)People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人们把给亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物定为一条规则。

Ⅰ.用适当的关系词完成短文
The very film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as is popular with the public,3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman,4.who went to America with her mother.Jack,5.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 7.which most people can’t behave in real life)．Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.8.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 9.why Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.
Ⅱ.完成教材P7 B 部分
课时跟踪练三
基础巩固
提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时或前面课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
2．Whenever I met her，as was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
3．My niece is absent again，as is expected.
4．The famous hockey player，in whose honour a party will be held，is to arrive this afternoon.
5．As is reported in the newspaper，a serious accident has happened recently in the suburb.
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month.
7．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the valley with the farmers，which has a great effect on my life.
8．Her father works in a factory，where he makes cars.
9．The old lady has two daughters，one of whom is working abroad.
10．This is one of the reasons why you have to give it up.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.
→He visited the Great Wall again，where he went two years ago.
2．He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.
→He failed in the examination，which made him a bit discouraged.
3．He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.
→He must be from Africa，which/as can be seen from his skin.
4．He has organized a team of workers.All of them are hard-working.
→He has organized a team of workers，all of whom are hard-working.
5．He is a man of great experience.Much can be learned from him.
→He is a man of great experience，from whom much can be learned.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Some of my fondest memories with my family are from when I was in middle school，when the three of us enjoyed trips that I remember vividly to this day.But during my younger days，like 4 or 5 years old，we vacationed in places like Cancun，Jamaica and Hawaii and I can’t tell whether I actually recall those memories or whether I’m filling in the gaps through photo albums.
A frequent discussion I have with my coworkers and friends，who are also in their 20s，is how we wish our parents had taken us on more vacations when we were much older.What I suggest is to hold off on those grand vacations until your kid is about 12，when they can begin to understand what a privilege is，and you can save the international travel until they’re in high school.Of course，I do understand that sometimes，it’s not the kids but the parents who just want to enjoy a vacation.But in other cases，when the main goal is to create family memories，you can still accomplish that in other ways.
It wasn’t until college that I realized how important travel is，and I can’t tell you how many times I’ve thought about wanting to redo those family trips now.Especially during a time in my life when an international trip is outside of my budget，I think about how much money my parents spent on our vacations that ended up being a complete blur.
I’m not telling you to deprive(剥夺) your children of fun family memories，either.I’m simply arguing that you should travel locally or within your state.Although your little ones might not care about the destination，they will remember that you are all together and have a great time.That’s the most important thing，anyway.
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以个人经历告诉作者：等孩子足够大再带孩子出去旅游，尤其是出国旅行。

1．When recalling the previous trip to Hawaii，the author may feel .
A．disappointed B．excited
C．touched D．frightened
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由第一段中的“But during my younger...through photo albums.”可知，作者对到夏威夷的旅游已经没有什么印象了，因此作者应该是感到失望的。故选A。
2．What time does the author think is the right time for children to travel abroad?
A．When they start to go to school.
B．When they’re 4 or 5 years old.
C．When they study in high school.
D．When they are eager to have a trip.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“What I suggest is to...and you can save the international travel until they’re in high school.”可知，作者认为孩子到了高中再出国旅游是最合适的。故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “blur” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jokes that are made between families.
B．Efforts that are made to achieve a goal.
C．Memories that can’t be remembered clearly.
D．Expectations that may be reached in the future.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，作者对于4、5岁时候的出国旅游已经没有什么印象。由第三段中的“It wasn’t until college that...those family trips now.”可知，作者长大之后，才意识到小时候的家庭旅行的宝贵和重要。由此可以推知，当初父母花钱带作者进行的旅游于作者而言已经没有什么印象了。结合选项可知，C项正确。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Create Chances of Vacations with Children
B．My Memories of Previous Vacations
C．Older Children Hope to Travel with Their Parents
D．Take Children on Vacation until They Are Old
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。作者结合自己的经历告诉读者：过早的带孩子出国旅行于孩子而言没有什么太大的意义。作者在第二段中建议孩子到了高中再带他们出国旅行。在最后一段中建议带小孩子在当地旅游。故D选项适合做该文标题。
B
Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to take control of Ireland.For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English.Finally，in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”．Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland，in the south，is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This，and a shortage(短缺) of work，forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK，Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems，the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years，most of the Irish people earned their living as farmers.Today，many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence，Ireland has revived(复兴)its own culture of music，language，literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin，whistles，etc.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱尔兰的历史，爱尔兰受制于英国，在1921年，爱尔兰南部才获得独立，成立了共和国，而北部属于英国。文章还比较了爱尔兰过去和现在的生活以及爱尔兰的文化发展。

5．What does the underlined phrase “take control of” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Reach. B．Conquer.
C．Challenge. D．Support.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段的“For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English.Finally，in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.”可知，爱尔兰人和英国人作战是因为当时英国统治者试图控制爱尔兰，take control of意为“征服”。故选B。
6．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．How the Irish fought against the English.
B．How Ireland gained independence.
C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D．How two “Irelands” came into being.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“The result is that today there are two ‘Irelands’．Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland，in the south，is an independent country.”可推断，作者主要告诉我们“两个爱尔兰”是如何形成的。故选D。
7．We learn from the text that in Ireland .
A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.”和“the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851”可知，19世纪40年代的食物短缺导致了人口的骤降。故选A。
8．The last paragraph is mainly about .
A．the Irish character
B．Irish culture
C．Irish musical instruments
D．a famous Irish writer
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。通读文章最后一段内容以及“Since independence，Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music，language，literature and singing.”可知，本段主要从爱尔兰民族习性、音乐、语言及文学等方面介绍了爱尔兰民族文化。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Do you enjoy food，culture，entertainment，and shopping？You could be delighted at 1.______(visit) Chinatown in Manhattan New York.New York’s Chinatown is 2.____(convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island,3. is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia.There are a number of 4. (landmark) in Chinatown that tourists or locals can go to see when weather permits.Chinatown，along with Little Italy in New York,5. (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.
If you want to try delicious food，Chinatown might be the 6. (good) place to go.Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish，but they can also take out dishes that you don’t know 7. is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.
If you enjoy history，you will find that New York’s Chinatown is rich 8. history，culture，and civilization.It has fun for all ages.Whether you’re in Chinatown for 9. (relax) and entertainment，or to stop 10. (grab) a bite to eat，there is always something exciting going on that might grab your attention.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约曼哈顿的唐人街，在这里你可以享受到食物、文化、娱乐和购物。

1．答案　visiting
解析　考查动名词。根据be delighted at中的at是介词可知，此处要用动名词形式。故填 visiting。
2．答案　conveniently
解析　考查副词。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词。故填conveniently。
3．答案　which
解析　考查非限制性定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinatown，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。
4．答案　landmarks
解析　考查名词的复数。根据“There are a number of”可知此处要用名词的复数形式，且landmark是可数名词。故填 landmarks。
5．答案　was listed
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据主语是Chinatown，单数名词，along with Little Italy in New York是插入语可知，此处要作谓语且用被动语态；由in 2010可知时态是一般过去时。故填was listed。
6．答案　best
解析　考查形容词的最高级。根据冠词the可知此处要用形容词的最高级。故填best。
7．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。分析可知此处是what引导的宾语从句，what充当主语，意为“什么”。故填what。
8．答案　in
解析　考查介词。短语 be rich in意为“富含”。故填in。
9．答案　relaxation
解析　考查名词。根据and entertainment可知此处要用名词，且relaxation是不可数名词。故填 relaxation。
10．答案　to grab
解析　考查不定式。短语stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，用不定式表示目的。故填to grab。