Day 5 灾难防范 -2022高考英语一轮话题复习基础练

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1.hit v.碰撞;撞击;打击
2.severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的
3.situatin n.形势;局面;处境
4.recver v.痊愈;恢复
5.uncertain adj.不确定的
6.cncern n.& v.担心;关心
7.exist vi.存在;生存
8.attack v.攻击;袭击
9.unite v.团结;联合
10.hpeless adj.无助的;绝望的
11.shrtage n.缺乏;不足
12.threaten v.威胁
13.predict vt.预报;预言;预告
14.terrify vt.使感到恐怖;恐吓
15.panic v.惊慌
16.nisy adj.喧闹的;嘈杂的
17.respnsibility n.责任;负责;义务
18.shake vi.摇动;震动
19.safe adj.安全的
20.cause vt.引起 n.原因
vlcanic eruptin 火山喷发
2. first aid kit 急救箱
3. crash int 撞到……上
4. fall dwn 倒塌;跌倒
5. dig ut 掘出;发现
6. in times f 在……的时候
7. stay psitive 保持积极的态度
8. cut acrss 穿过;贯穿;抄近路
9. blw away 把……刮走
10. rescue team 救援队
11. drinking water 饮用水
12. 向……捐赠……
13. stricken area 受灾地区
14. ecnmic lsses 经济损失
15. cme t ne’s rescue 前来救某人
16. rebuild ne’s hme 重建家园
17. take n a new lk 呈现新面貌
18. put up 搭建
19. earthquake relief 抗震救灾
20. win praise 赢得赞扬
1：单句语法填空
1. the aid f ur English teacher,we have made great prgress this term.
2.As is knwn t all,a strng and (pwer) China will certainly benefit the whle wrld.
3.Heavy flds (strike) the Suth last week,causing great damage t the lcal peple.
4.Several days later mst f the buildings which had been (damage) were repaired.
5.It is a pity that the 500-year-ld wden twer (destry) in the fire last year.
6.Their inventins have cntributed t the develpment f (electricity) engineering.
7.In his life he set an example f bravery and (wise) t thers.
8.Six mnths after (suffer) ur defeat n the spring practice field,we wn ur first game.
9.The gvernment has declared a state f (emergent) fllwing the earthquake.
10.She heard the wind (whistle) thrugh the trees and the hwl f a distant wlf.
参考答案：
1.With 2.pwerful 3.struck 4.damaged 5.was destryed 6.electrical 7.wisdm 8.suffering 9.emergency 10.whistling
2：篇章语法填空
A terrible earthquake hit the city f Tangshan n 28 July 1976,in 1. hundreds f thusands f peple died r were injured.Peple were greatly 2. (shck) because nearly all the buildings fell dwn and the whle city lay in 3. (ruin).All the electricity was cut ff and peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster 4. (last).It seemed as if the wrld were cming t 5. end.
The peple f Tangshan didn’t lse hpe because 150,000 sldiers were sent t help the rescue wrkers.The sldiers tried their best 6. (dig) ut thse wh were trapped.The wrkers built shelters fr the 7. (survive).Fresh water and fd were taken t the city by every means.8. (slw),the city began t cme back t life.
It was said that befre the earthquake,strange things happened in the cuntryside.The water in the village wells rse and 9. (fall).Fish jumped ut f the pnds.Strange nises were heard in the sky,but peple thught little f 10. (they).
参考答案：
1.which 2.shcked 3.ruins 4.wuld last 5.an 6.t dig 7.survivrs 8.Slwly 9.fell 10.them
A
On December 26,2004,hundreds f turists relaxed n Sri Lanka’s Yala Natinal Park’s beaches.But at mid-mrning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away frm the cean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers culd tell the animals were wrried abut smething.But what?
What the keepers did nt knw was that a 30-ft wall f water was headed straight tward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake mre than 1,000 miles away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the cast,it caused severe damage.Many peple died.The elephants,hwever,were nt swept away by the water.They std safely n the hill.
Scientists have lng suspected that animals sense natural disasters befre humans d.Peple have tld stries f dgs refusing t g utside and sharks swimming t deeper waters befre a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,peple said they saw tigers,mnkeys,and water buffal escaping t higher grund befre the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas f suthern Asia,there were few animal deaths.
It’s unlikely that an animal’s s-called sixth sense cmes frm sme magical pwer t see int the future.Experts believe that animals may be mre sensitive than humans t changes in temperature and ther envirnmental cnditins that take place befre a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,fr example,may have picked up vibratins (震动) frm within the Earth,a sign that danger was cming.Because vibratins in the grund travel much faster than an cean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well befre the tsunami itself came t the cast.
A few scientists are calling fr a system t track reprts f strange behavir in peple’s pets,hping that these reprts can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is abut t happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behavir scientist at the Philadelphia Z,says,“It wuld be an unreliable way t predict disasters.It can be difficult t knw what an animal is ding.Is the animal nervus because an earthquake is abut t happen r is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?
1.What happened t the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala Natinal Park n December 26,2004?
A.They died in the natural disaster.
B.They were disturbed by the turists.
C.They mved frm the hill t the seaside.
D.They behaved strangely befre the tsunami.
2.Hw did the authr present animals’ sixth sense in Paragraph 3?
A.By giving examples.
B.By making cmparisns.
C.By shwing research findings.
D.By telling an interesting stry.
3.What is the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A.The advantages f being sensitive.
B.The influences f the natural disaster.
C.Hw animals predict a natural disaster.
D.Hw elephants make use f their sixth sense.
4.What is Haynes’ attitude twards a warning system?
A.Delighted. B.Dubtful. C.Hpeful. D.Disappinted.
参考答案：
1.D 根据第一段中的“But at mid-mrning the park’s elephants began crying what?”再结合下文海啸来临的描述可知,大象在海啸来临之前表现得很反常。
2.A 根据第三段中的“Peple have tld stries f dgs refusing t g water buffal escaping t higher grund befre the waters rushed in.”可知,作者用举例子的手法展现出动物能够提前感知自然灾害的能力。
3.C 根据第四段中的“Experts believe that animals may be mre sensitive than a natural disaster.”及斯里兰卡大象如何提前感知到海啸来临的例子可知,该段主要介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。
4.B 根据最后一段Haynes所说的话可知,Haynes认为这种通过观察动物异常行为来预测自然灾害的预警机制不可靠,因为人们很难分辨动物异常行为背后的真正缘由,所以她持怀疑态度。
B
There are nw six fires burning at emergency level in Australia. 1 The smke is s intense and thick that it can be seen frm space. 2,000 hmes have been destryed. Six millin hectares f land charred, leading t the death f the natin's wildlife.
2 They are lightning strikes, winds and peple wh set fire deliberately. But ne f the biggest reasns why they've becme s extreme is the same reasn as East Africa's fld. Bushfires in Australia are a natural part f the cuntry's ecsystem. 3 Even New Suth Wales, with the largest ppulatin, is used t breaking ut. In 1974, fires burned 3.5 millin hectares, and in 2003, anther 2 millin hectares were lst t fire. But the fires that started in 2019 are even wrse:4.9 millin hectares in New Suth Wales have burned already—and it's nly ging t grw.
4 Fr starters, as the wrld is getting warmer frm climate change, s is Australia. 2019 was its httest year n recrd, with parts f the cuntry reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was als its driest—the places here in gray have seen histric drughts. 5 Thrughut the year, ther large-scale climate drivers affect Australia's weather, and its likeliness t burn. One f the mst influential is the Indian Ocean Diple(偶极子), r the IOD. The IOD is a big temperature gradient that affects the surface water in the Indian Ocean, frm the edge f Africa t the edge f Australia.
A.This is just heartbreaking.
B.S why is this fire seasn s awful?
C.Their “fire seasn” varies acrss regins.
D.The fire seasn is awful because f the unknwn reasn.
E.The ecsystem f the cuntry needs t be imprved.
F.These recrd-breaking bushfires in Australia have been started by the fllwing.
G.Tgether, that prvides the perfect cnditins fr bushfires t start and spread quickly.
参考答案：
1.A 根据上文There are nw six fires burning at emergency level in Australia.“目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。”以及后文The smke is s intense and thick that it can be seen frm space. 2,000 hmes have been destryed. Six millin hectares f land charred, leading t the death f the natin's wildlife.“烟雾如此强烈,如此浓厚,从太空都能看到。2000座房屋被毁,600万公顷土地被烧焦,导致该国野生动物死亡。”可知,设空处应当是对这次火灾的评价,这次澳大利亚火灾破坏严重,令人心碎。故A选项“这真是令人心碎”符合上下文语境,故选A。
2.F 根据后文They are lightning strikes, winds and peple wh set fire deliberately. But ne f the biggest reasns why they've becme s extreme is the same reasn as East Africa's fld.“它们是雷击、风和故意放火的人。但它们变得如此极端的最大原因之一,是和东非的洪水一样的原因。”可知,本段在分析造成此次澳大利亚大火的原因。故F选项“澳大利亚这些破纪录的丛林火灾是由以下原因引起的”符合语境,故选F。
3.C 根据前文Bushfires in Australia are a natural part f the cuntry's ecsystem.“澳大利亚的丛林火灾是该国生态系统的一个自然组成部分。”以及后文Even New Suth Wales, with the largest ppulatin, is used t breaking ut.“即使是人口最多的新南威尔士州,也习惯于突发火灾。”可知,设空处是在说明澳大利亚的火灾频发季节是因地区而不同的。故C选项“它们的‘火灾季节’因地区而异”符合上下文语境,故选C。
4.B 根据后文Fr starters, as the wrld is getting warmer frm climate change, s is Australia. 2019 was its httest year n recrd, with parts f the cuntry reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was als its driest—the places here in gray have seen histric drughts.“首先,随着气候变化导致全球变暖,澳大利亚也在变暖。2019年是有记录以来最热的一年,该国部分地区在12月达到了45摄氏度。2019年也是澳大利亚最干燥的一年——这里灰色地带经历了历史性的干旱。”可知,后文是在分析澳大利亚火灾这么严重的原因。故B选项“那么为什么这个火灾季节如此可怕呢?”符合语境,故选B。
5.G 结合上文Fr starters, as the wrld is getting warmer frm climate change, s is Australia. 2019 was its httest year n recrd, with parts f the cuntry reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was als its driest—the places here in gray have seen histric drughts.“首先,随着气候变化导致全球变暖,澳大利亚也在变暖。2019年是有记录以来最热的一年,该国部分地区在12月达到了45摄氏度。2019年也是澳大利亚最干燥的一年——这里灰色地带经历了历史性的干旱。”可知,本句承接上文进行总结,正是上述的这些条件促使了丛林火灾的爆发和迅速蔓延。故G选项“这为丛林火灾的爆发和迅速蔓延提供了完美的条件”符合语境,故选G。
A
假如你是校报英语栏目的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
时间及地点；
讲座内容及主讲人；
参加者；
收获感想。
参考答案：
This afternn all the teachers and students in ur schl attended a lecture cncerning hw t survive an earthquake．The lecture was given by prfessr Wang frm a famus university in the schl hall.
In the lecture，prfessr Wang tld us the signs f a cming earthquake and ds and dn’ts during and after an earthquake．We all listened and tk ntes carefully.It was after the lecture that a vide abut earthquake was shwn.
We all realize hw imprtant it is t stay safe during an earthquake, because even a little knwledge can increase ur chances f surviving an earthquake r any ther type f disasters.
B
假定你是李华,你负责的英语俱乐部拟在暑假期间组织主题为“Stay ut f danger and enjy a safe hliday”的急救培训课程。请你用英语写一则通知,内容要点包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.培训内容(观看关于意外受伤的短片,专家教授急救技能等);
3.培训课程的意义。
注意:
1.词数:100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案：
Ntice
With the summer vacatin appraching,the English club plans t rganise a first aid training class,whse theme is “Stay ut f danger and enjy a safe hliday”.
As is scheduled,it will be given in the schl lecture hall frm 4:00 pm t 5:00 pm next Wednesday.The class begins with a shrt film,helping us students knw what accidental injuries will frequently happen and what harm they will cause.After that,an expert will give a lecture n hw t avid such injuries.Then fllws hands-n practice t ffer first aid under his prfessinal guidance.By attending the class,nt nly will we master sme basic and practical first aid skills,but als we will raise ur awareness f safety and try t keep away frm danger.
The training class will definitely prve t be a useful experience.Thse wh are interested in it are welcme t it!
The Schl English Club