训练01 选择性必修三 Unit 1 Face values-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版2019）

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外研版2019选择性必修三
狂刷01 Unit 1 Face values

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ fault it is is quite clear now.
2．_______ takes interest in the paper can ask for a copy.
3．When she will come back school _______(depend) on her mother.
4．It is uncertain _______ his family was originally Britain or American.
5．What they want at present____(be) basic skills for survival in the wild.
6．_____ is desirable that we should read the instructions of the instruments in advance.
7．It is hard to imagine _______life was like for her at that time.
8．It’s important that children________(have) their own hobbies and interests.
9．It is requested that all the members_______(be) present at the meeting tomorrow.
10．______ theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
11．______is assumed that hard work usually leads to great success.
12．We may never know what motivated him _______(kill) his wife.
13．Your love to me is more than anything and________ expression.
14．The researchers are in their search __________ the animals which they want to experiment with.
15．Andy was the first_________(reach) the top of Mount Tai，which boosted our confidence.
16．The moment you resign，your_________(loyal) to the company will be immediately questioned.
17．______ no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
18．It is acknowledged that in the USA in the last 100 years,23 men have been wrongly sentenced _____ death.
19．A few hours earlier，you would have seen the famous_______（novel） in the dormitor.
20．All of a sudden，he found the plant looked very special and _________(resemble)a human being.
1.Whose 2.Whoever 3. depends 4. whether 5.are 6.It 7.what 8. (should) have 9.(should) be 10.That 11.It 12. to kill 13.beyond 14.for 15. to reach 16. loyalty 17. In 18.to 19.novelist 20.resembled
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．假设这个计划是可行的，你将如何实现它呢？
________________________ the plan is practical, how will you achieve it?
2．[2020·天津卷]——“今晚我为萨拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？”
——“不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。”
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
— ________________________. I'll drive her there.
3．世界上有很多东西不能用金钱来考虑和衡量。
A good many things in the world cannot be considered and valued ________________.
4．忽视这两种研究结果之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。
________________________________ the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
5．我告诉父亲斯坦利太太是怎样说话的，仿佛斯坦利先生还活着似的。
I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley ________________________.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Assuming that
2．Don't bother
3．in terms of money
4．Ignoring the difference between
5．were still alive

Ⅲ.语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jade is plain­looking，but she'd love to look good. So she spends hours every day 1.________ (edit) her selfies，posting them and eagerly checking her phone for 2.________ (comment). Each “like” boosts her 3.________ (confident). Anthony wouldn't care about his appearance. But he was surprised at how good he looked after the makeover! At that moment，he perceived that external beauty isn't 4.________ (total) worthless. Emma is larger 5.________ other girls and in the past this really bothered her. Everything changed when one day she came across the success story of a plus­size model，Tess Holliday. Her story has changed Emma's ideas about what it 6.________ (mean) to be beautiful. She realised that mental and physical health is the 7.________ (important) thing. Dr Hart thinks that the image Jade presents 8.________ (obtain) the praise of others is false，that making an effort with our appearance can leave a positive first impression on others 9.________ boost our confidence，and that being healthy is beautiful，and we should wear that beauty 10.________ confidence.
Ⅲ.语篇语法填空
1．editing　2.comments　3.confidence　4.totally　5.than　6.means
7．most important　8.to obtain　9.and　10.with

IV.写作增分练——提升语用能力
1．他甚至都没有让我知道他要来。(bother to do)
_______________________________________
2．入乡随俗。(as)
_______________________________________

3．萨拉承认了错误并且立刻道了歉。(acknowledge)
_______________________________________

4．我的英语老师擅长激励我们更有效地学习。(motivate)
_______________________________________

5．西湖的美是完全无法形容的。(beyond expression)
_______________________________________
6.他似乎要到10点钟之后才能回来。

_______________________________________

7.有人建议我们应该立刻采取措施。

_______________________________________


8.我们今天所做的事在过去是不可能的。

_______________________________________


9.空气中有多少水蒸气取决于空气的温度。

_______________________________________


10.尊重所有少数民族的风俗习惯是很自然的。

_______________________________________


1.He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
2.When in Rome，do as the Romans do.
3.Sarah acknowledged her mistake and made an apology immediately.
4.My English teacher is good at motivating us to study more efficiently.
5.The beauty of the West Lake is entirely beyond expression.
6．It appears that he won’t be back until 10 o’clock.
7．It’s suggested that we (should) take measures at once.
8．What we are doing today was not possible in the old days.
9．How much water vapor can stay in the air depends on the temperature of the air.
10．It is quite natural that the customs of all national minorities(should) be respected.



Ⅰ.阅读理解
[2021·郑州模拟]Have you ever heard someone say “You totally look like you're a Jessica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this?
According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people's names with their appearances, and can even guess someone's name based on how they look.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, collected thousands of photos of people's faces. They labeled (贴标签于) each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct.
The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38% of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone's name, Reader's Digest reported.
However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames (昵称) more often than their real names. This may show that a person's appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often.
“This kind of face­name matching happens because of a process of self­fulfilling prophecy (预言), as we become what other people expect us to become，” Ruth Mayo from Tile university told science news website EurekAlert.
Earlier studies have shown that gender (性别) and race stereotypes (刻板印象) can affect a person's appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be “delicate” and “female”， just like the flower they are named for.
1．How is this article developed?
A．By giving examples.　　B．By asking questions.
C．By doing an experiment.
D．By comparing different cases.
2．What can be inferred from the study?
A．Volunteers found it much easier to guess nicknames.
B．Names have different associations in different cultures.
C．Volunteers could guess the characteristics of the interviewees.
D．The people in the photos and volunteers were from the same culture.
3．Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo?
A．They want to please everyone around them.
B．They don't want to be different from others.
C．They tend to become what others expect them to become.
D．They like to copy famous people who share the same name.
4．What may be the best title for this passage?
A．What Determines Our Names
B．Why We Look Like Our Names
C．How We Get Rid of Our Stereotypes
D．How Stereotypes Affect People's Looks
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1．C　篇章结构题。本文第一段通过疑问句Why is this？引出话题，第二段介绍了研究结果，第三段起开始介绍实验过程及结果。由此可知这篇文章是通过做一项实验来展开的。故选C。
2．B　推理判断题。根据第五段“However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture.”一句可知这一实验结果仅对于判断自己文化里的名字有效，因此可知在不同的文化里名字的含义不同。故选B。
3．C　推理判断题。根据第六段“‘This kind of face­name matching happens because of a process of self­fulfilling prophecy(预言), as we become what other people expect us to become，’”一句可知脸和名字之间的联系是由于自证预言的结果，因为我们会变成人们期待我们成为的样子。故选C。
4．B　主旨大意题。本文第一段通过疑问句Why is this？引出话题，文章通过一项实验证明了一个很有意思的现象：人们倾向于通过相貌可以判断一个人的名字。研究人员认为这一现象主要是由于人们对一些名字形成了刻板的印象。故选B。

After the Gold
Congratulations! You’ve won the gold medal! Stand still while the photo flashes (闪光灯) pop and TV journalists ask how it feels. Thousands of new followers on social media, meanwhile, are waiting for what you have to say.
Then, prepare for a different kind of downhill.
Diann Roffe knows the experience well. The American Alpine ski racer (高山滑雪运动员) won a gold medal at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics after winning a silver at the 1992 Albertville Games. She immediately announced her retirement. She was 26, an age when most people have just begun a career.
Joining society at 26 can be tough. A professional athlete’s life is remarkably self-centered. You wake up taking your heart rate. You think of your own workout goals. You write down what you eat. After years of self-focus, if everything works out just right, you win. Most people will never experience a high that high. But there’s a downside.
“It was like being taken up to the highest mountain peak to see the view, and then being brought down, never to be there again,” said Roffe. In the first years after her win, Roffe thought, “Here I am struggling with the masses to make ends meet and get school done, seeking that extraordinary feeling again.”
Roffe’s friend, speed skater Cathy Turner, was the darling after she won a gold at the 1992 Albertville Games. “I woke up every day with a long to-do list,” she recalled her early days after retirement. “It was like, ‘What speech am I giving? What company am I going to address?’ I was Cathy the skater, the Olympian. Then I was Cathy the motivational speaker.”
Turner found it difficult to make a transition out of the sport. She returned to compete at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics, where she won another gold. She retired again, turned her attention to computers, but soon found herself with marital (婚姻的) troubles. Turner escaped her troubles the only way she knew — she trained for the 1998 Games, where she didn’t win a medal.
If their stories illustrate how difficult post-gold years can be, Roffe and Turner also show why winning athletes often eventually succeed.
“Think of what these people develop!” said California sports psychologist Doug Gardner. “Perseverance. Tenacity in dealing with failure. These skills are very useful in other aspects of life.”
Turner combined her perseverance with her love of computer technology. She finally became a valued database (数据库) manager at a company in New York state. Roffe, 23 years after her retirement, runs a successful business which makes locker (储物柜) systems for team locker rooms, resorts and gyms.
1. Which of the following statements about Diann Roffe is true?
A. She won her first Olympic gold medal in 1992.
B. She was invited to address many big companies after her retirement.
C. She has taken part in the Olympic Games three times in all.
D. She has become a successful businesswoman.
2. According to the article what is the “downside” of winning Olympic gold medals?
A. Athletes will have many sleepless nights as TV journalists pour in.
B. Athletes will have a hard time deciding what to say to new followers on social media.
C. Athletes will find it challenging to relive such great feelings in daily life.
D. Athletes earn small salaries and most of them will find it hard to make ends meet after retirement.
3. Doug Gardner thinks winning athletes can achieve success in life as well because ______.
A. they focus remarkably well on themselves
B. most of them are very strong and healthy
C. they tend to keep trying despite difficulties
D. they know how to motivate others
4. We can tell from the article that Roffe felt happy after returning from the 2014 Sochi Winter Games because ____.
A. American Alpine ski racers won many gold medals
B. she felt she had finally made a transition out of her sport
C. the U.S.A. team used the products of her company
D. her husband and kids accompanied her to the races
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B
七选五

How Disney grew its $3 billion Mickey Mouse business — by selling to adults
In March 2019, Gucci began selling a $4,500 purse in the shape of Mickey Mouse’s head. Between the creature’s round black ears is a small handle embossed (凸印) with the word “Gucci.” On the brand’s website, a male model stares seriously into the camera without the slightest trace of irony (讽刺) that he is, in fact, carrying around the head of a children’s cartoon character.
It’s perhaps the most luxurious Mickey Mouse products designed for adults. ___16___ Maybelline created makeup sets with packaging covered in Mickey’s face. Uniqlo made dozens of graphic T-shirts with Mickey in various poses. So as not to miss out on the action, Apple launched $300 Beats headphones that paid homage to (向……致敬) the Mouse.
According to The Wall Street Journal, Mickey Mouse and his friends sold $3 billion in merchandise (周边商品) in 2018, a figure that includes both adult and children’s products.
This brings up the question: Why would adults wear items decorated with the face of a smiling rodent in the first place? What accounts for the enduring appeal of this anthropomorphized (拟人化的) mouse, while other Disney characters, such as Anna from Frozen, hardly ever appear in adult products?
Mickey Mouse was big business almost as soon as he made his debut (首次亮相) in Walt Disney’s animated short Steamboat Willie (《汽船威利号》) in 1928. Within five years, Mickey was earning $1 million a year in merchandise sales. These products were largely targeted at children, including stuffed toys, trains, and nursery (托儿所) wallpaper.
Everything changed in the years after World War II. ___17___ For one thing, Mickey was nearly twenty years old, which meant that the first audience, who enjoyed the cartoons as children, were now in their thirties. Disney was willing to transform Mickey into a symbol of innocence in the postwar years, when people were desperate for something hopeful to cling to.
All the marketing worked. In 1947, products featuring Disney characters brought in $100 million in revenue (收益) in merchandise. In addition to kids’ products, many of the items sold were for adults, such as radios and phonographs (留声机).
____18____ He made Mickey’s face and body rounder, and eyes larger, like those of a baby. Scientists have shown that adults are more drawn to childlike faces. That look is more likely to subconsciously (潜意识地) produce a greater level of attachment in the viewer.
____19____ For instance, the company has done everything in its power to ensure that they do not use images of Mickey drinking and smoking.
By and large, though, the symbolism Mickey represents is the one Disney has put forth: that of innocence and positivity. ____20____ In World War II, people used Mickey to help cope with the horrors before them. This might also help explain why Mickey Mouse has been popular over the past few years when many people are experiencing political instability.
A. Over the decades, Disney is always sensitive about how brands portray Mickey when it licenses his face.
B. Why was this effective at getting adults’ attention?
C. This is perhaps why adults seem drawn to him during times of trouble.
D. At that point, demand for products bearing Mickey’s face among adults decreased.
E. But it’s just one of many that has flooded the market.
F. Disney kept developing the character to make him more and more universally appealing.
G. Disney’s goal was clearly to make the character universally known and loved.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. C

二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    A little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's 1 , she said she would go. This 2 be the first time that his classmates and teacher 3 his mother and he felt 4 of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar（疤痕）that 5 nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to 6 why or how she got the scar.
    At the meeting, the people were 7 by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother in spite of (不管) the 8 , but the little boy was still embarrassed(尴尬）and 9 himself from everyone. He did, however, get within 10 of a talk between his mother and his teacher.
    The teacher asked 11 , "How did you get the scar on your face?"
    The mother replied, “ 12 my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was 13 afraid to go in because the fire was 14 , so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked senseless but luckily, a fireman came in and saved 15 of us." She 16 the burned side of her face. “This scar will be 17 , but to this day, I have never 18 what I did."
    At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with 19 in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great sense of the sacrifice(牺牲)that his mother had made for him. He held her hand 20 for the rest of the day.
1. A. enjoyment
B. disappointment
C. surprise
D. excitement
2. A. would
B. could
C. should
D. must
3. A. noticed
B. greeted
C. accepted
D. met
4. A. proud
B. ashamed
C. happy
D. tired
5. A. included
B. passed
C. covered
D. shaded
6. A. talk about
B. think about
C. come about
D. hear about
7. A. impressed
B. surprised
C. excited
D. comforted
8. A. humor
B. face
C. body
D. scar
9. A. hid
B. protected
C. kept
D. stopped
10. A. understanding
B. reminding
C. hearing
D. learning
11. A. carefully
B. seriously
C. nervously
D. anxiously
12. A. If
B. When
C. Since
D. Because
13. A. so
B. much
C. quite
D. too
14. A. out of control
B. under control
C. in control
D. over control
15. A. either
B. neither
C. both
D. all
16. A. pointed
B. showed
C. hit
D. touched
17. A. long
B. lasting
C. beautiful
D. ugly
18. A. forgot
B. recognized
C. considered
D. regretted
19. A. anger
B. tears
C. smile
D. failure
20. A. actually
B. slowly
C. tightly
D. suddenly
【答案】 （1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）B；（13）D；（14）A；（15）C；（16）D；（17）B；（18）D；（19）B；（20）C；
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，小男孩所在学校要开家长会，他不愿妈妈去，但妈妈却答应了，小男孩很失望，为什么呢？原来妈妈脸上有一块小男孩认为很丑的疤痕。但当小男孩得知妈妈的疤痕是为救自己而留下的。小男孩很惭愧。从此文中我们感受到了母爱的伟大。
（1）考查名词。句意：她说她会去，这使小男孩很失望。A. enjoyment“享受”；B. disappointment“失望”；C. surprise“惊讶”；D. excitement“兴奋”。孩子邀请妈妈去参加家长会，大概这是老师的邀请，孩子要完成传达任务，但因妈妈脸上的伤疤而心中不希望妈妈前去参加。妈妈居然答应前往，孩子感到与自己心中的愿望相反，故而感到失望。故选B。
（2）考查情态动词。句意：这将是第一次他的同学和老师见到妈妈,他对妈妈的外表感到羞愧。A. would “将 会”；B. could“可能”；C. should“应该”；D. must“必须”。家长会还没有举行，所以本句为过去将来时。故选A。
（3）考查动词。句意：这将是第一次他的同学和老师见到妈妈,他对妈妈的外表感到羞愧。A. noticed“注意”；B. greeted“问候”；C. accepted“接受”；D. met“见面”。根据常识可以判断出，妈妈去参加家长会自然会见到老师和同学。故选D。
（4）考查形容词。句意：这将是第一次他的同学和老师见到妈妈,他对妈妈的外表感到羞愧。A. proud“自豪的”；B. ashamed “惭愧的”；C. happy“快乐的”；D. tired“疲惫的”。小男孩对妈妈在同学和老师面前的出现而感到羞愧，因为她的脸上有严重的伤疤。故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：虽然她是个漂亮女人，但是她脸上这块严重的疤痕差不多盖住了整个右脸。A. included“包括”；B. passed“通过”；C. covered“覆盖”；D. shaded “为......遮 阳”。根据下文，妈妈脸上的伤疤是由下落的木头砸伤的，且妈妈被砸昏了，应是大面积的伤疤。此处表示覆盖面积。故选C。
（6）考查动词短语。句意：男孩不想谈谈为什么或她伤疤是怎么产生的。A. talk about“谈论”；B. think about“思考”；C. come about“产生”；D. hear about“听说”。根据下文可知，这个孩子对妈妈脸上的伤疤是怎样产生的毫不知情，孩子从来不去问，因为他不想谈相关的事。故选A。
（7）考查动词。句意：在家长会上，尽管有疤痕，但是妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象,但是小男孩仍然感到尴尬,躲着每个人。A. impressed“使印象深刻”；B. surprised“使.....惊讶”；C. excited“使激动”；D. comforted“安慰”。根据“kindness and natural beauty of his mother”可知，在家长会上，妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象。be impressed by固定短语，“ 对……印象深刻”。故选A。
（8）考查名词。句意：在家长会上，尽管有疤痕，但是妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象,但是小男孩仍然感到尴尬,躲着每个人。A. humor“幽默”；B. face“脸”；C. body“身体”；D. scar“伤疤”。根据“there was a severe scar（疤痕）”可知，尽管有疤痕，但妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象。故选D。
（9）考查动词。句意：在家长会上，尽管有疤痕，但是妈妈的友善和自然的美给人们留下了很好的印象,但是小男孩仍然感到尴尬,躲着每个人。A. hid“隐藏”；B. protected“保护”；C. kept“保持”；D. stopped“停止”。小孩躲藏起来，怕别人笑话妈妈和自己。hide oneself“把自己藏起来”，故选A。
（10）考查动词。句意：然而，他听到了母亲和老师之间的谈话。A. understanding“理解”；B. reminding“使想起”；C. hearing“听”；D. learning“学习”。孩子躲躲藏藏，但心中一定想知道老师和同学对妈妈有何评价，所以还是凑近了，因而听到了妈妈和老师间的对话，既是对话，应是听到。故选C。
（11）考查副词。句意：您脸上的伤疤是怎么来的?老师谨慎地问到。A. carefully“小心地，谨慎地”；B. seriously“严肃地”；C. nervously“紧张地”；D. anxiously“焦虑地”。老师要探究妈妈脸上的伤疤是怎样产生的，这不是一个轻松愉快的话题，所以老师表示出慎重与小心，以免伤害到妈妈的自尊心。故选A。
（12）考查连词。句意：母亲说,当我儿子还是个婴儿时,他所在的房间着了火。A. If“如果”；B. When“当......时”；C. Since“自从”；D. Because“因为”。分析句子本句为when引导的时间状语从句。故选B。
（13）考查副词。句意：大家都不敢进去,因为大火失控了,于是我冲了进去。A. so“如此”；B. much “非常”；C. quite“相当地”；D. too “太”。每个人都因害怕而不敢进屋去救孩子，“too…to…”固定短语，“太……而不……”。故选D。
（14）考查介词短语。句意：大家都不敢进去,因为大火失控,于是我走了进去。A. out of control“失去控制”；B. under control“在控制中”；C. in control “控制”；D. over contro“掌控”。根据上文“Everyone was ___13___ afraid to go in”可知，大火失去了控制，所以大家都不敢进去。故选A。
（15）考查代词。句意：我失去知觉,但幸运的是,火警后来救了我们俩。A. either“或者”；B. neither “两 者 都 不”；C. both“两者都”；D. all“所有”。火警救了小男孩的妈妈和小男孩，所以是两个人，表示两者都。故选C。
（16）考查动词。句意：她摸了摸烧伤的脸。A. pointed“指”；B. showed“展示”；C. hit“打击”；D. touched“触摸”。根据下文“This scar will be ___17___”可知，这位母亲摸了摸自己的脸，然后说这块伤疤会永远留在脸上。故选D。
（17）考查形容词。句意：这块伤疤会永远留在脸上,但是直到今天,我仍不后悔我所做的事情。A. long“长的”；B. lasting“永久的”；C. beautiful“漂亮的”；D. ugly“丑陋的”。根据常识可以判断出，伤疤会永远留在身体的某个部位。故选B。
（18）考查动词。句意：这块伤疤会永远留在脸上,但是直到今天,我仍不后悔我所做的事情。A. forgot“忘记”；B. recognized“认出”；C. considered“思考”；D. regretted“后悔”。母爱无涯，因救孩子而受伤，但却不后悔。故选D。
（19）考查名词。句意：这时，小男孩走了出来，满含热泪奔向他的母亲。A. anger“生气”；B. tears“眼泪”；C. smile“微笑”；D. failure“失败”。孩子受感动，眼含热泪拥抱妈妈。故选B。
（20）考查副词。句意：这天剩下的时间，他都紧紧地握住他妈妈的手。A. actually“事实上”；B. slowly“慢慢地”；C. tightly“紧紧地”；D. suddenly“突然地”。    孩子紧紧抓住妈妈的手，不再躲藏，不再感到羞愧，以示爱和感谢。(或许也为以前的想法而表示出无声的歉意)。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，代词，情态动词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。


一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    I woke up to the sound of the alarm clock at six in the morning. I walked down the stairs, 1 , still wanting to go back and sleep for 2 hour or so. But that idea soon 3  as the words of the doctor, 4 I had met the previous day,   5 inside my head. A few weeks before this, when I had been in Paris, I had felt some 6  heaviness in my chest. On returning, I went to a doctor who cautioned me to work on my 7 . So there I was, jogging down a   8  narrow lane. A few weeks went by, and every day when I went to jog, I saw an old man 9  on that bench. And I just couldn't 10  why he was there doing nothing. My 11  was building up as each day 12 .
    The next morning, I went and sat beside him on the bench. I asked him, "Why are you seated here every day?" He answered, " 13 this is the most beautiful place that I know." 14 , I asked again, "What is so beautiful about this place?" and he said, "Look！" And I tried to 15 . I saw the rising sun shining from behind the clouds, and several rays penetrating (穿过) through them. Birds were singing 16 from the trees of the surrounding wilderness. The sun's light glittered on the water, and it looked as if there was a 17 of light between me and the far-off mountains. I had been through that place 18 times, but I had never looked; it was one of the most beautiful places I'd ever seen. And I realized that I don't have to travel miles to 19  the beauty. All I have to do is to look 20 .
1. A. bad-tempered
B. warm-hearted
C. half-awake
D. fast-moving
2. A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. the others
3. A. occurred
B. disappeared
C. came
D. spread
4. A. whom
B. what
C. where
D. that
5. A. heard
B. described
C. reacted
D. resounded
6. A. strange
B. delighted
C. necessary
D. unique
7. A. mind
B. appearance
C. fitness
D. assignment
8. A. various
B. wide
C. fast
D. lonely
9. A. sitting
B. standing
C. approaching
D. sleeping
10. A. take out
B. look out
C. turn out
D. figure out
11. A. judgment
B. curiosity
C. observation
D. power
12. A. passed
B. remained
C. spared
D. reached
13. A. For
B. Because
C. Since
D. As
14. A. Worried
B. Satisfied
C. Interested
D. Confused
15. A. speed up
B. get away
C. look around
D. come along
16. A. terribly
B. nervously
C. sweetly
D. patiently
17. A. wall
B. path
C. length
D. speed
18. A. many
B. few
C. rare
D. any
19. A. respect
B. desire
C. attract
D. admire
20. A. luckily
B. completely
C. closely
D. mainly
【答案】 （1）C；（2）B；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）A；（10）D；（11）B；（12）A；（13）B；（14）D；（15）C；（16）C；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C；
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过与一位老人的相遇感悟到了人生的真谛——世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。
（1）考查动词。句意：我走下楼梯，半睡半醒，仍然想回去再睡一个小时左右。A. bad-tempered“脾气暴躁的”；B. warm-hearted“热心的”；C. half-awake“半睡半醒的”；D. fast-moving“行动迅速的”。根据下文“still wanting to go back and sleep for___2___hour or so.”可知，作者处于半睡半醒的状态。故选C。
（2）考查代词。句意：我走下楼梯，半睡半醒，仍然想回去再睡一个小时左右。A. other“其他的”；B. another“另一个”；C. the other“又一个”；D. the others“其他人”。根据上文“still wanting to go back and sleep for”可知，作者想回去再睡一个小时左右。故选B。
（3）考查动词。句意：但是这个想法很快就消失了，前一天我遇到的那位医生的话在我的脑海里回响。A. occurred“发生”；B. disappeared“消失”；C. came“来”；D. spread“传播”。根据下文“___4___I had met the previous day, ___5___inside my head.”可知，作者这个想法很快就消失了。故选B。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：但是这个想法很快就消失了，前一天我遇到的那位医生的话在我的脑海里回响。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the doctor，关系词在从句中做had met的宾语，结合选项可知，应使用关系代词whom引导。故选A。
（5）考查动词。句意：但是这个想法很快就消失了，前一天我遇到的那位医生在我的脑海里回荡。A. heard“听到”；B. described“描述”；C. reacted“反应”；D. resounded“回响”。根据上文“But that idea soon ___3___ as the words of the doctor，___4___I had met the previous day”可知，此处指医生的话在作者的脑海里回响。故选D。
（6）考查形容词。句意：几周前，我在巴黎时，我感到胸口有点奇怪的沉重。A. strange“奇怪的”；B. delighted“高兴的”；C. necessary“必要的”；D. unique“独特的”。根据下文“On returning, I went to a doctor who cautioned me to work on my ___7___”可知，作者感到胸口有点奇怪的沉重，所以去看医生。故选A。
（7）考查名词。句意：回来后，我去找一位医生，他告诫我要锻炼身体。A. mind“思想”；B. appearance“外表”；C. fitness“健身”；D. assignment“作业”。根据下文“So there I was, jogging down a ___8___ narrow lane.”可知，医生告诫我要锻炼身体。work on固定短语，“努力改善”。故选C。
（8）考查形容词。句意：于是我就在那儿，沿着一条僻静的窄巷慢跑。A. various“各种各样的”；B. wide“宽的”；C. fast“快的”；D. lonely“孤独的”。根据常识及“narrow lane”可知，作者健身慢跑应该会选一条僻静的窄巷。故选D。
（9）考查动词。句意：几周过去了，每天我去慢跑时，我都看到坐在长凳上的老人。A. sitting“坐”；B. standing“站“；C. approaching“接近”；D. sleeping“睡觉”。根据下文“I asked him, ‘Why are you seated here every day?’”可知，此处指一位坐在长凳上的老人。故选A。
（10）考查动词短语。句意：我只是不明白他为什么什么也不做。A. take out“取出”；B. look out“小心”；C. turn out“结果是”；D. figure out“理解”。根据下文“why he was there doing nothing.”可知，作者不明白他为什么什么也不做。故选D。
（11）考查名词。句意：我的好奇心与日俱增。A. judgment“判断力”；B. curiosity“好奇心”；C. observation“观察力”；D. power“力量”。根据下文“I asked him, ‘Why are you seated here every day?’”可知，作者的好奇心与日俱增，所以最后去问那位老人“你为什么每天都坐在这里？”故选B。
（12）考查动词。句意：我的好奇心与日俱增。A. passed“过去，通过”；B. remained“保持”；C. spared“留出”；D. reached“到达”。根据下文“I asked him, ‘Why are you seated here every day?’”可知，作者的好奇心与日俱增，所以最后去问那位老人“你为什么每天都坐在这里？”故选A。
（13）考查状语从句。句意：他回答说：“因为这是我所知道的最美的地方。”这四个词都有“因为”的意思。Because 的语气最强，是直接的原因，一般用来回答why引导的疑问句；since表示一种勉强的原因，as表示双方都知道的一些显而易见的原因，for 不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由。故选B。
（14）考查形容词。句意：我很困惑，又问：“这地方为什么这么美？”他说：“你瞧瞧！” A. Worried“担心的”；B. Satisfied“满意的”；C. Interested“感兴趣的”；D. Confused“困惑的”。根据下文“I asked again”可知，作者很困惑，又问了老人一个问题。故选D。
（15）考查动词短语。句意：我试着环顾四周。A. speed up“加速”；B. get away“离开”；C. look around“环顾”；D. come along“过来”。根据下文“I saw the rising sun shining from behind the clouds, and several rays penetrating (穿过) through them.”可知，作者试着环顾四周。故选C。
（16）考查副词。句意：鸟儿在周围荒野的树上甜美地歌唱着。A. terribly“可怕地”；B. nervously“紧张地”；C. sweetly“甜蜜地”；D. patiently“耐心地”。根据下文“The sun's light glittered on the water, and it looked as if there was a___17___of light between me and the far-off mountains.”可知，此处描述的是美丽的景象。由此可知，此处指鸟儿甜美地歌唱着。故选C。
（17）考查名词。句意：太阳的光在水面上闪闪发光，我和远处的山之间仿佛有一条闪闪发光的路。A. wall“墙”；B. path“路径”；C. length“长度”；D. speed“速度”。根据下文“between me and the far-off mountains”可知，此处指作者和远处的山之间仿佛有一条闪闪发光的路。故选B。
（18）考查形容词。句意：我曾多次穿过那地方，但我从来没看过；那是我见过的最美丽的地方之一。A. many“许多的”；B. few“很少的”；C. rare“稀少的”；D. any“任一的”。根据上文“A few weeks went by, and every day when I went to jog, I saw an old man ___9___ on that bench.”可知，作者曾多次穿过那地方。故选A。
（19）考查动词。句意：我意识到我不必走几英里去欣赏美景。A. respect“尊重”；B. desire“欲望”；C. attract“吸引”；D. admire“欣赏”。根据上文“it was one of the most beautiful places I'd ever seen.”可知，那是他见过的最美丽的地方之一，他意识到自己不必走几英里去欣赏美景。故选D。
（20）考查副词。句意：我所要做的就是仔细观察。A. luckily“幸运地”；B. completely“完全”；C. closely“仔细地”；D. mainly“主要地”。根据上文“And I realized that I don't have to travel miles to ___19___ the beauty.”可知，作者所要做的就是仔细观察。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，代词，定语从句，状语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
二、阅读理解
A
    My daughters are lovely and attractive. The 4-yearold has big blue eyes and easy laughter. The 7-year old's long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys' heads. I love everything about these girls. and they know it.
    But I try not to tell them they' re beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent about the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery, diets. "feeling fat", or eating disorders. We adults know all too much about such things and in the face of this cruel reality we tend to start telling our girls,as soon and often as possible, how beautiful they are. Here's the thing. though. What we're also doing is bringing the beauty pressure home to our littlest girls. The more I talk about beauty and looks, even in a positive way. ,the more I'm conveying the importance of those things.
    However, it doesn't mean I don't praise my girls. Instead of saying "You look beatutiful!" I might say the more specific "Don't you look fancy today!" or "Those colors go so well together. " It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls, but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in change of how they look.
    Naturally, I buy most of my girls clothes. But I don't usually manage their outfit （整套衣服）choices. My daughters can go girly with necklaces and head-to-toe pink, or they can choose to give up dresses altogether. Of course we've seen some mismatching, but they own those styles. They never ask if they look pretty, and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what l or anyone else will say about how they look. And that's the confident spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood.
（1）What do the author's two daughters have in common?
A.Both like to smile.
B.Both have blond hair.
C.Both like strawberries.
D.Both have big blue eyes.
（2）Why is the author unwilling to tell her girls that they are beautiful?
A.She prefers inner beauty.
B.She expects them to face reality.
C.She wants them to focus less on it.
D.She doesn't think they can understand it.
（3）How does the author treat her daughters?
A.She avoids praising them.
B.She pays attention to their unique style.
C.She is particular about their clothes.
D.She sets strict clothing rules for them.
（4）Which of the following best describe the author's daughters?
A.They are fully confident.
B.They are highly dependent
C.They tend to take advice from their mother.
D.They have a good taste in dressing themselves.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是如何教育他的两个女儿的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The 4-yearold has big blue eyes and easy laughter. The 7-year old's long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys' heads.“这个4岁的孩子有一双大大的蓝眼睛和爽朗的笑声。这名7岁男孩草莓色的金发和甜美的微笑已经让男孩们转过头来。可知，作者两个女儿的共同点是"两个人都喜欢微笑"。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“But I try not to tell them they' re beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent about the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery, diets. ‘feeling fat’, or eating disorders.”但我尽量不告诉他们他们很漂亮。我年幼的女儿们对于作为女性在社会中所承受的压力完全是无辜的。他们对整容手术和饮食一无所知。"感觉肥胖"或饮食失调。"可知，作者不愿意告诉她的女儿们她们很漂亮是因为她想让他们少关注它。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls, but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in change of how they look.”这意味着我不把我的女儿们当成我的小娃娃，而是把她们当成正在发展自己的自我意识和风格的真实的人。这意味着他们改变了自己的外貌。可知，作者她注重女儿独特的风格。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“They never ask if they look pretty, and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what l or anyone else will say about how they look. And that's the confident spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood.”她们从不问自己长得好看不好看，走路时很自信，这和我或其他人会怎么说她们长得好看没有关系。这就是我希望他们在青少年时期和成年时期所表现出的自信精神。可知，作者的女儿充满信心。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
B
    Esther Mentzer was born in New York. Her upbringing was a modest one; her father owned a hardware store. Much of her time was spent in trying to make ends meet in the hardware store。
    It was while working in this store that Esther got her first taste of business. Until World War I, Esther had always wanted to be an actress, dreaming of her "name in lights lowers, handsome men".
    After the War. Esther’s uncle. John Schotz came to live with the family. This would prove to be a turning point in the young Esther's life. Schotz was a chemist who had devoted most of his life to creating "secret" skin-care products. Esther joined him.
    In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder and her name became Estee Lauder, when she was 22 years old. Lauder's Dreams had never quite subsided (消退) and her husband supported her. In 1947, the two finally decided to go official, and Estee Lauder Cosmetics(化妆品) was founded.
    She believed that beauty is an attitude, and when you look after yourself properly, it would be a winning attitude. If you looked beautiful on the outside, Lauder believed you would feel beautiful on the inside, and from there, the possibilities are endless
    Estee Lauder died on April 26, 2004, but her contribution is remembered. Today Estee Lauder is a recognized brand I name in over 110 countries. Why are all brides beautiful? she asked " Because on their wedding day they care about how they look. There are no ugly women-only women who don tcare or who don't believe they're attractive" Beauty is a state of mind and Lauder believed that her products could help anyone achieve that state of mind.
（1）When Esther was young, she dreamed of becoming         .
A.an actress
B.a businesswoman
C.a sales girl
D.a chemist
（2）From the passage we know that Esther first learned about cosmetics from         .
A.her uncle
B.her father
C.her husband
D.herself
（3）How old was Esther when she passed away?
A.She was 86
B.She was 96      
C.She was 106
D.She was 110
（4）Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A.Modesty is the Start of Success       
B.Hard Experience is a Must for a Good Life
C.Beauty is a Winning Attitude         
D.Great Brand Comes from Beauty
【答案】 （1）A
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了  Esther Mentzer所取得的成就和她对美的看法。  Esther Mentzer的成功让她认识到美是一种态度，是一种精神，而她的产品能帮助人们让这种精神状态成为现实。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Until World War I, Esther had always wanted to be an actress, dreaming of her‘name in lights lowers, handsome men’.”可知Esther小时候梦想成为一名演员，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，Esther的叔叔John Schotz在第一次世界大战后和她的家人生活在一起。John Schotz是一位化学家，他用大半生的时间研究皮肤护理产品。再根据第三段中的“Esther joined him.”可推知Esther是最先从她叔叔那里了解到化妆品知识的，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In 1930, she married Joseph Lauder and her name became Estee Lauder, when she was 22 years old. ”可知Esther出生于1908年，；在根据最后一段中的“Estee Lauder died on April 26, 2004, but her contribution is remembered.”可知Esther在2004年去世，由此可知，她在96岁去世，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了 Esther Mentzer的生平，讲述了她是如何投身于皮肤护理事业的，通过她的故事，作者点明了文章的主旨：美是一种态度。她一生都是为这一理念奋斗的。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
C
    Can you be too beautiful? It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.
    Yet the blessings and curses of beauty have been a long-standing interest in psychology. Do those blessed with shiny faces and an attractive body live in a cloud of appreciation — or does it sometimes pay to be ordinary?
    At the most basic level, beauty might be thought to carry a kind of halo (光环) around it; we see that someone has one good quality, and by association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.
    Even in the courts, a pleasing appearance can work its magic. Attractive criminals are likely to get less strict sentences, or to escape punishment entirely; attractive plaintiffs (原告), meanwhile, are more likely to win their case and get bigger financial settlements. “It's an effect seen everywhere,” says Walker.
    But if beauty pays in most circumstances, there are still situations where it can have opposite results. While attractive men may be considered better leaders, for instance, hidden sexist prejudices (偏见) can work against attractive women, making them less likely to be hired for high-level jobs that require power. And as you might expect, good-looking people of both sexes run into envy — one study found that if you are interviewed by someone of the same sex, they may be less likely to employ you if they judge that you are more attractive than they are.
    More worryingly, being beautiful or handsome could harm your medical care. We tend to link good looks to health, meaning that illnesses are often taken less seriously when they affect the good-looking. When treating people for pain, for instance, doctors tend to take less care over the more attractive people.
    Ultimately, scientists point out that focusing too much on your appearance can itself be harmful if it creates stress and anxiety — even for those already blessed with good looks. “If you are crazy about attractiveness, it may affect your experience and interactions,” she says. It's an outdated saying, but no amount of beauty can make up for a bad personality. As the writer Dorothy Parker put it so elegantly: “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clean to the bone.”
（1）From paragraph 1, we can learn that _______.
A.some may be bothered by their unattractive appearance
B.most people are not afraid of being too beautiful
C.we might always dream about being bothered by others
D.being too beautiful can be a problem bothering everyone
（2）Which is the benefit for beautiful people?
A.All attractive plaintiffs have more chances to get away with punishment.
B.Women with pleasing appearance will always be considered as better leaders.
C.Good-looking people are often regarded as having many good qualities.
D.Beautiful criminals are more likely to persuade the judge and win the case.
（3）The writer mentioned the underlined sentence in the last paragraph to _______.
A.persuade us to pay more attention to our looks from now on
B.suggest that beauty can help make a better personality
C.encourage us to focus more on improving our personality
D.ask ugly people to have more confidence in their personality
（4）What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Beauty, a blessing?
B.Sexist Prejudice.
C.Real beauty.
D.Benefits Beauty holds.
【答案】 （1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美给人们带来的积极因素和消极因素。重点介绍了美给人们带来的消极因素。
（1）细节理解题。由第一段Can you be too beautiful? It is hardly a problem that most of us have to bother — as much as we might like to dream that it were the case.可知，这并不是一个我们大多数人都要操心的问题，我们梦想着自己很漂亮。故选 B。
（2）细节理解题。由第三段At the most basic level, beauty might be thought to carry a kind of halo (光环) around it; we see that someone has one good quality, and by association, our deep mind may assume that they have other good ones too.可知，外表好看的人经常被认为有很多好品质。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。由最后段but no amount of beauty can make up for a bad personality. As the writer Dorothy Parker put it so elegantly: “Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clean to the bone.”可知，但再多的美也弥补不了坏的人格。正如作家多萝西·帕克所说的：“美只浅及皮毛,丑却深入骨髓。”意在鼓励我们要提高自身内在的人格。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。由后三段可知，重点介绍了美给人们带来的消极因素以及作者希望人们不要过多的关注外表而是要提高自身内在的人格。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出最适合的标题。
D
    Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it than others. But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.
    Following up on research studying different species' abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky. They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to pick out their learned face, even when colors were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes unclear.
    This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big -brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The development of the neocortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations. But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.
（1）What is the purpose of this passage?
A.To improve a scientific experiment design.
B.To present the differences between species.
C.To clarify how animals tell human faces apart.
D.To show animals can recognize human faces.
（2）Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects?
A.They are cleverer than other species.
B.They have sharp vision and hearing.
C.They aren't closely related to humans.
D.They have a past history of identifying human faces.
（3）What is the author's attitude toward the study?
A.Cautious.
B.Negative.
C.Consistent.
D.Sympathetic.
（4）Which of the following is suggested for similar studies in the future?
A.Including more test subjects.
B.Enlarging the human faces.
C.Employing more male researchers.
D.Using black-and-white pictures.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。
（1）考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.”但《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，这不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到。结合文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是表明动物可以识别人的脸。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Following up on research studying different species' abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky.”继研究不同物种识别人脸的能力后（羊、狗、牛、马、鸟都试过），牛津大学和昆士兰大学的研究人员决定选择一种没有进化的新皮层（大脑中处理视觉和声音的部分）、与人类关系不密切的动物。这样一来，这些测试对象就没有理由会有过去识别人脸的历史。所以他们选择了射水鱼，这是一种礁石鱼的品种，会向空中射水，把猎物打到天上去。可知，选择射水鱼作为实验对象是因为他们和人类关系不是很密切。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.”但是还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。此外，显示器上显示的面孔都是来自德国数据库的白色女性面孔，以正面视图显示，没有表情。其他的动物实验表明，一些物种，比如鸽子，对不同的角度和不同的表达有更多的反应。可推知，作者对这项研究持谨慎态度。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether.”这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。可推知，文章建议今后开展类似的研究时，应注意“包括更多的测试对象”。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
    If ________ (give) the choice, a great many people would change at least one aspect of their appearance. They would request a doctor to give them a straighter nose, ________ (big) lips, and so on.
    Firstly, one's appearance is________ or her parents' blessing. After breast enlargement surgery, many women look sexier than before. ________, many of them are later diagnosed with mammary diseases. The more serious effect is ________ they risk ________ (be) unable to breast-feed. Secondly, the advocating ________such a practice will mislead people in the________ (judge) of beauty. The concept of beauty is quite rich in its content. It should include many virtues like honesty, diligence, and so on, which should form the real mainstream of our spiritual life. The practice and the debates about man-made beauty will confuse those who are to develop ________ correct concept of beauty.
    Concerning the above possible ________ (harm) the practice may bring about, I am strongly against it and advocate seeking true and natural beauty. Besides, people, especially women, should lay more attention on the cultivation of their inner hearts. The inner beauty outweighs the outside beauty in the long run.
【答案】 given；bigger；his；However；that；being；for；judgement；a；harms
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了整容给人们带来的负面影响及什么是真正的美。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：如果给选择的机会，很多人至少会改变他们外貌的一个方面。本句主语a great many people与动词give构成被动关系，要用过去分词表示被动。所以要填given。
（2）考查形容词。句意：他们会要求医生给他一个更直的鼻子，更大的嘴唇等。句中比较级bigger与前面的straighter构成并列结构，所以填bigger。
（3）考查代词。句意：首先，一个人的外表是他或她父母亲的赐福。人的性别有男有女，用his和her构成并列关系，故填his。
（4）考查副词。句意：做完隆胸手术以后，很多人看起来比以前更加性感。然而，很多人后来都被诊断患有乳房疾病。根据句意可知上下文是转折关系，且横线前面有符合隔开，要填表示转折意义的副词however引导上下文。故填However。
（5）考查表语从句。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。句中that引导表语从句，在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已。故填that。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：更严重的影响是她们冒着不能喂奶的危险。risk doing sth固定短语“冒险做某事”，和be able to do sth连用；句中要用being able to…做risk的宾语。故填being。
（7）考查介词。句意：第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。动词advocate与介词for连用，表示倡导某事。故填for。
（8）考查名词。第二，倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。在定冠词the的后面通常要加名词，本句中要用名词形式做介词in的宾语，故填judgement。
（9）考查冠词。句意：这种做法和关于人造美的争论会让那些形成正确的美的概念的人很困惑。句中名词concept意为“概念”，是一个可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰，表示泛指。故填a。
（10）考查名词。句意：关于这种行为可能会带来的上文的可能的害处…...。在英语里形容词的后面通常接名词代词，句中使用形容词possible修饰名词harm，上文提及了不止一个害处，要用复数形式。故填harms。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，形容词，代词，副词，表语从句，介词，名词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。