热点03-2 七选五“定位分析“（新高考新题型热点话题）-2022年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（全国通用）

考情分析

高考中，七选五高频考点为位于段中的细节句和过渡句；常考点为段首或段尾的细节句和过渡句与段首主题句，段尾总结句偶有考查。                                     

全新考法

2020年4套全国卷取消对段落小标题的考查，更强调对文章的结构和脉络的理解；2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷也未考查段落标题题。

高分经验

句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。

                                            答题技巧

一、设空在段首

若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。

思考点(一)　段落主旨句

　　某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词，一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。

[典例]　[2021·全国卷乙]

__36__，if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers.

A．How do you know the host

B．The first step is to go exploring

C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”

D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers

E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking

G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

解析：本题考查段落主旨句。根据空后的“if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time”可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险，尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。 “The first step is to go exploring”(第一步是去探索)是对这些做法的总结，符合语境。

自主解答：________

思考点(二)　承上启下过渡句

　　当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求考生既要熟悉前文(尤其是上一段)的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑后选择能使前后段自然衔接的答案。

[典例]　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]

38    .The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

__39__ On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!

A．Not all the customers are tourists.

B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.

G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

解析：考查上下文衔接。本题需结合上段内容作答，上一段讲到巴黎的食物非常美味，人们不需要吃太多就可以感到开心。空后讲述作者和丈夫购买食品杂货时发现巴黎的食物很贵，暗含法国人因此吃得少，故E项“那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因”符合语境。

自主解答：________

二、设空在段中

当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词语，例如first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what's more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing, for another等。

思考点(一)　总分关系

[典例]　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]

The place wasn't entirely authentic，though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment，the plumbing (水管) worked. __37__ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said，“Ouverture des portes，”in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.

A．Not all the customers are tourists.

B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.

G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空前讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用”，空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”，因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关，C选项讲有一个厨房和舒适的床，符合本段语境。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：文章由段落组成， 围绕中心话题展开。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的首和尾；“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。

思考点(二)　解释关系

[典例]　[2021·全国卷甲]

Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. __39__. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them — things always look different when you put them on.

A．Less people than that

B．Hold a clothing swap

C．If two people are competing

D．Just keep music playing throughout

E．Donate whatever clothes are left over

F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots

G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition

解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空前“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room”，即“在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服”，空白处应当是对前文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释， “让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置”符合上下文语境，构成对前文的解释和说明。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：从逻辑意义上看，句子与句子之间常含解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此， 把握文章结构， 理清作者表达的情感至关重要。

思考点(三)　转折关系

[典例]　[2021·浙江卷1月]

Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. __32__ Any small interruption—a price check，a chatty customer—can have downstream effects，holding up an entire line.

A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?

B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?

C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.

D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.

E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?

F．With three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.

G．But sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.

解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故G项符合语境。G项中的busy呼应下文的“interruption” “holding up an entire line”，“but”提示转折关系。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but，however，yet，while/though/although，or/otherwise，on the contrary，instead，nevertheless，still，in contrast/comparison，by comparison等。

思考点(四)　因果关系

[典例]　[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]

My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __36__ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

A．Not all the customers are tourists.

B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.

G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空白处后提示词“So”，可知空白处与下文形成因果关系。空白处前“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.”，“ 我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空白处后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的公寓”。 “我们的目的是看一下在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活”可以构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：表示因果关系的标志词语有：so，therefore，thus，consequently，as a result (of)，so/such...that...，so that...等。

思考点(五)　对比关系

[典例]　[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]

Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. __20__ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.

G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

解析：本题考查对比关系。本段谈到要对自己所做的计划记录、评价和调整。空后的“If not”说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的对比比较， 则空格处很有可能表示对比关系。表示对比关系的标志词语有：while，if not，some...others等。

思考点(六)　并列关系

[典例]　[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]

Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. __19__ And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

A．Do the opposite.

B．You want to be an effective public speaker.

C．You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.

D．When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.

E．The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.

F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.

G．However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

解析：本题考查并列关系。由空前一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And...takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：表示并列关系的标志词语有：and，first(ly)，second(ly)，first，then/next，to begin with，for one thing，for another (thing)，finally/last等。

思考点(七)　例证关系

[典例]　[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]

There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”．

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

解析：本题考查例证关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。

自主解答：________

增分技巧：例证是指前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example，for instance，in fact，as a matter of fact，actually，in other words，that is to say等。

三、设空在段尾

思考点(一)　段落过渡句

　　当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。

[典例]　[2021·浙江卷1月]

You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need，head to the front，and choose the line that looks fastest.

You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. __31__

It turns out，it's just math working against you；chances are，the other line really is faster.

A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?

B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?

C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.

D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.

E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?

F．With three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.

G．But sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.

解析：本题考查上下文衔接。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的“It turns out”“chances are，the other line really is faster”点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到上下文衔接的过渡作用。

自主解答：________

思考点(二)　补充信息句

　　段末设空还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。

[典例]　[2021·全国卷乙]

38    .What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking? If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. __39__.

A．How do you know the host

B．The first step is to go exploring

C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”

D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers

E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say

F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking

G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

解析：本题考查对前文的补充说明。E项“或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题”承接空前的“If you're the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation”，给出了另一种选择，属于信息补充，符合语境。

自主解答：________

思考点(三)　总结句

　　当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词，如so, therefore, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致原则，从而确定正确选项。

[典例]　[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]

Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. __39__

A.Feeling upset again?

B．Where do you start?

C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D．Remember, you are only human.

E．Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F．Stop comparing yourself with others.

G．When does the comparison game start?

解析：本题考查段落总结句。由本段首句可知本段主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情太小而不值得庆祝。

自主解答：________

A

[2021·广州市综合测试一]

Do you like the idea of running your own business from home? Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss, having flexible hours and working in your pajamas (睡衣) . __1__

Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage. __2__ You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non-existent. So, set office hours when you productively work on building your business.

__3__ Doctors' appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.

Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done. __4__ After that, just walk into your office and start your day's work. Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.

In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset. __5__ Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long-term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.

A．But it can also become your downfall without care.

B．Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.

C．Once it's achieved, you'll have more opportunities to develop business-contacts.

D．You may find it more efficient to get up, exercise, then shower and dress for work.

E．This includes realizing that only you are responsible for your own income.

F．One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.

G．While these benefits sound great, the reality of working from home can be a little different.

B

[2021·武汉市三月质量检测]

 Diversity comes in many forms: gender, race, age, culture, etc. All of these contribute to an individual's unique experience of the world. Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives.

  1. Productivity

 Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas. __1__ When tackling an issue, wouldn't it be better to have more than one understanding approach, rather than everyone contributing the same thoughts and conclusions?

  2. Becoming a World Citizen

 If you experience diversity in your everyday life, you will be regularly exposed to people, cultures, traditions, and practices that are unlike your own. Not only will you improve your social development, but you will also increase your understanding of the world. __2__

  3. Growing Acceptance

 Promoting diversity is the first step towards true acceptance. Through growing contact with, and communication between new people, individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought. __3__ And that is okay, too ! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.

  4. Richer Life Experience

 Diversity is colorful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you, in every way? __4__ We need new ideas, views, and practices to stimulate and inspire us, and to show us the way others eat, celebrate, and love!

 We must not forget to spread the word about the importance of diversity and to face the world with a love and a celebration of our differences. __5__

A．Where is the fun in that?

B．Or, they may still be remarkably different.

C．Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem.

D．This will prepare you to be a part of a global society.

E．Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives?

F．Hearing about another's experience can provide you with a different idea.

G．Together, our differences make a strong and beautiful world community.

 C

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2021年高考全国甲卷英语试题）       Swap, Don’t shop!

You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 1．. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.

A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.

●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 2． , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.

●3．. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.

●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.4．. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.

●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 5．. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!

A．Less people than that

B．Hold a clothing swap

C．If two people are competing

D．Just keep music playing throughout

E.Donate whatever clothes are left over

F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots

G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition

D

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ））  A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance

We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 1． Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.

●2． Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 3． You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂

●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 4．

●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 5． Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?

A．Feeling upset again?

B．Where do you start?

C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D．Remember, you are only human.

E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F.Stop comparing yourself with others.

G.When does the comparison game start?

E

[2021·武汉市三月质量检测]

 Diversity comes in many forms: gender, race, age, culture, etc. All of these contribute to an individual's unique experience of the world. Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives.

  1. Productivity

 Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas. __1__ When tackling an issue, wouldn't it be better to have more than one understanding approach, rather than everyone contributing the same thoughts and conclusions?

  2. Becoming a World Citizen

 If you experience diversity in your everyday life, you will be regularly exposed to people, cultures, traditions, and practices that are unlike your own. Not only will you improve your social development, but you will also increase your understanding of the world. __2__

  3. Growing Acceptance

 Promoting diversity is the first step towards true acceptance. Through growing contact with, and communication between new people, individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought. __3__ And that is okay, too ! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.

  4. Richer Life Experience

 Diversity is colorful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you, in every way? __4__ We need new ideas, views, and practices to stimulate and inspire us, and to show us the way others eat, celebrate, and love!

 We must not forget to spread the word about the importance of diversity and to face the world with a love and a celebration of our differences. __5__

A．Where is the fun in that?

B．Or, they may still be remarkably different.

C．Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem.

D．This will prepare you to be a part of a global society.

E．Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives?

F．Hearing about another's experience can provide you with a different idea.

G．Together, our differences make a strong and beautiful world community.

                                          F

[2021·武汉市三月质量检测]

Diversity comes in many forms: gender, race, age, culture, etc. All of these contribute to an individual's unique experience of the world. Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives.

  1. Productivity

 Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas. __1__ When tackling an issue, wouldn't it be better to have more than one understanding approach, rather than everyone contributing the same thoughts and conclusions?

  2. Becoming a World Citizen

 If you experience diversity in your everyday life, you will be regularly exposed to people, cultures, traditions, and practices that are unlike your own. Not only will you improve your social development, but you will also increase your understanding of the world. __2__

  3. Growing Acceptance

 Promoting diversity is the first step towards true acceptance. Through growing contact with, and communication between new people, individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought. __3__ And that is okay, too ! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.

  4. Richer Life Experience

 Diversity is colorful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you, in every way? __4__ We need new ideas, views, and practices to stimulate and inspire us, and to show us the way others eat, celebrate, and love!

 We must not forget to spread the word about the importance of diversity and to face the world with a love and a celebration of our differences. __5__

A．Where is the fun in that?

B．Or, they may still be remarkably different.

C．Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem.

D．This will prepare you to be a part of a global society.

E．Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives?

F．Hearing about another's experience can provide you with a different idea.

G．Together, our differences make a strong and beautiful world community.