押全国乙卷第32--35题：阅读理解D篇说明文或议论文-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题（全国乙卷）

这是一份押全国乙卷第32--35题：阅读理解D篇说明文或议论文-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题（全国乙卷），文件包含押全国卷乙卷第32--35题阅读理解D篇说明文或议论文解析版-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题全国卷docx、押全国卷乙卷第32--35题阅读理解D篇说明文或议论文原卷版-备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题全国卷docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共79页， 欢迎下载使用。

押全国卷（乙卷）第32—35题
阅读理解D篇说明文或议论文

高考英语阅读能力考查要点
一．略 读
在阅读考试中，考生不可能把每一篇文章都读懂，另外也不要求考生读懂文章每个信息点。所以，略读或跳读一些内容是很有必要的。下面具体讲解高考英语阅读可以采用的略读或跳读的原则和技巧。
(一)“举例”处
试题中，题目一般不会考查例子的具体内容。如果要对例子进行考查的话，也是考查例子的功能，因此没有必要看举例的详细内容。如果担心会考查例子，考生可以采取保守做法；非段首句或段尾句的举例部分可以略读或跳读。
[典例]　[2020·浙江7月高考阅读C]It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision－making could be just as stimulating as any high­level office work. And “running a family household requires high－level planning and coordinating (协调)，” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
分析：节选段中for example后面具体的内容没有必要读，可以跳读，如果不放心就快速略读一下，了解大概内容。从逻辑关系可以知道，for example这句话是举例证明上面一句话的。逻辑关系如下：

(二)“让步”处
在英语表达方式中，有让步一定有转折，两者中作者强调转折。所以，在Although/Though A ... B, While A．..B, Despite A．..B 等结构中，作者强调的是B。考生可以在阅读时，简单略读让步的内容，重点阅读转折的内容。
[典例]　[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D]Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well­being.
分析：第一句Although 引导的让步状语从句中包含一个介词短语， 并且整个句子又比较长， 短短时间内理解整个句子比较困难， 所以如果知道本句不强调although部分的话， 就可以直奔主句提取有效信息， 同时也避免浪费大量宝贵时间。
(三)“插入语”处
高考英语阅读中经常会使用一些插入语成分，一方面是为了更加完整和准确地表达观点；另一方面会使句子结构更加复杂，增加了阅读理解的难度。插入语成分是一种补充说明性的内容，在整个句子中的作用并不是主要的。一般来说，插入语成分越长越不重要，插入语成分越短越重要。
[典例]　[2020·浙江7月高考阅读C]Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons－including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
分析：阅读插入语成分，一方面会增加信息处理的压力；另一方面可能会遇到一些生僻的词汇。节选段中破折号之后的插入语成分较长，所以在本句中是不重要的，可以采用跳读的方式阅读。
(四)“冒号”处
高考英语阅读中常会出现一些冒号，以更加详细地解释冒号前面的内容。针对冒号，建议考生按照以下方式处理：冒号后面的老观点和非总结性内容可以略读或跳读；冒号后面的新观点和正评价重点阅读。
[典例]　[2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B]Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW­Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four­year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68­year­old mother helped take care of the children at times.
分析：本段有两个冒号，第一个冒号后的内容较少，不影响阅读时间；第二个冒号后的内容较长，是对冒号前的内容的解释，完全可以略读或跳读。
二．定 位 阅 读
阅读理解的题目能否答对与题目有效解题信息的定位关系十分密切，可以说定位准确是有效精读和答对题目的关键一步。所以，下面将详细讲解信息定位的方法。
(一)按照题目的先后顺序大致定位到段落
高考英语阅读理解的题目(非主旨大意题)和文章一般存在着先后一一对应的顺序，即前面题目的正确答案的信息通常在前面的段落，后面题目的正确答案的信息通常在后面的段落。
(二)精确定位到句子
在定位到具体某一段之后，考生可以在本段当中寻找题目精确定位的句子。这些句子从位置上来说经常是段首句和段尾句，从句子特征上来说经常是三强的句子(强转折、强对比和强因果)、正负评价的句子、同位语从句和长难复杂句。图示如下：

(三)在文中多次出现
如果题干关键词在文中多次出现，一般定位到文章中首次出现的考点句(段首句、段尾句、三强句子、正负评价句子、同位语从句或长难复杂句)。
(四)与主题有关
如果题干与文章主题有关，通常定位到文章的主题句，主题句根据文章的行文结构类型进行判断，可以参考下图：

(五)题干限定性成分
如果题干中出现分词、定语从句等限定成分，则可以根据限定修饰成分缩小题目的定位范围，提高定位的准确性。
[典例]　[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A]Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best­rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
21．What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A．Comfort.　 B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.
分析：题干中含有定语从句who choose to stay in a hostel，故可以根据这个限定成分缩小定位范围：Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). 游客去罗马旅行时选择住在旅社主要是出于价格方面的考虑。由此可知选C。

“主旨大意”题型破解
1 寻找主题句确定文章大意
解题指导　文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self－reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
解析　A　第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
2 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
解题指导　1.根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。2.通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇)
During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well－explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays－well－with－others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump－start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
...
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The classification of the popular.
B．The characteristics of adolescents.
C．The importance of interpersonal skills.
D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.
解析　A　根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The likables' ... ”和“Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence ...”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort ... into ... (把……分成……)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。
3 三大方法定标题
解题指导　1.最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁；②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符；③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。2.三大方法：①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②方面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school class­rooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in­person review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
解析　B　本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，分析选项可知，只有B能将其完美地结合起来，故答案选B。
“词义猜测”题型破解
1 语境分析猜词义
解题指导　词义猜测常用的五种方法：1.基本构词法：根据前后缀、合成及词性转换去猜测词义；2.同义或定义解释法：上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释；3.前后对比法：上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，且常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测出生词的含义；4.因果推断法：结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测；5.语境理解法：要准确猜测出生词的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇) ...
But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “－ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many non－native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...”Except for some stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
...
25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners.
C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.
解析　A　根据第二段中的“you should ... should ...”以及“... Vote for ... me ...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。故选A。
2 就近原则猜指代
解题指导　猜测代替词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
[典例]　 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇) ...
Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
解析　C　根据上一段中的“the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”可知，爵士乐不怎么受现在年轻人的喜爱，所以that指代上文提到的这种状况，故选C项。
3 意义吻合猜句意
解题指导　句意猜测要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。考生要注意以下两点： 1.返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案；2.一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来进行了转换表达而已。
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B篇)
“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
...
25．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Encourage teamwork.
B．Appeal to feelings.
C．Promote good deeds.
D．Provide advice.
解析　B　根据画线短语前一句可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了动之以情，吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。

Passage 1（2021 •全国乙卷•第32—35题）
（2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题） During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.
34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】
32．A33．C34．D35．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
32．
细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
33．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
34．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
35．
推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
Passage 2（2020 •全国Ⅰ卷•第32—35题）
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】
32．D 33．A 34．C 35．C
【分析】
32．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33．
细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Passage 3（2020 •全国Ⅲ卷•第32—35题）
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C．Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B．New knowledge of human evolution.
C．Recent findings of human origin. D．Significance of food selection.
33．Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A．In valleys. B．Near rivers. C．On the beach. D．Off the coast.
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day. B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater. D．They lived on both land and water.
35．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B．Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research D．The World’s Best Divers
【答案】
32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32．
推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
33．
细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34．
细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
35．
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
Passage 4（2019 •全国Ⅲ卷•第24—27题）
语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅲ·B篇　语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：中国时尚
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China­inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？
A.It promoted the sales of artworks.
B.It attracted a large number of visitors.
C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women？
A.They are setting the fashion.
B.They start many fashion campaigns.
C.They admire super models.
D.They do business all over the world.
3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.learning from B．looking down on
C.working with D．competing against
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
解题步骤及详解答案
一、读题，理解大意
二、找准题干，抓关键点,仔细研读。
题1：题干中的关键词“about the exhibition in New York”，定位于文中第三段。第三段最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”在纽约的时尚展览出席率创纪录，显示出人们对中国的影响有着巨大的兴趣。由此可判断，此次展览吸引了大量的参观者。选B。
三，仔细分析，准确推断
题2：定位到第四段，由关键词“Chinese models ..., which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”可知，中国妇女不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动的核心。由此可知，中国妇女正在开创新风尚。选A。
四、联合语境，猜测词义
题3：根据第四段中的“... and beating them hands down in design and sales”可知，在设计上和销售上打败了他们。由此可以推知，该短语的意思是“与……竞争”。选D。
无、结合首尾句，推测含义
题4：文章第一段提到“对于西方设计师来说，中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。”最后一段提到“对于Hill来说，在谈论时尚时，我们不可能不谈论中国的领先地位。”由此可以推测，本文标题应为“中国文化催生国际时尚潮流”。选D。

A
[2021·济南市高三统一考试]The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine­year­old war refugee, who had lost the mother and was coming to live with the father I did not know.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High School. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours”. The__idea__of__hobbies__and__clubs__made__no__sense__to__my__immigrant__ears,__but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt­and­pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war­torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty­five years, I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become a reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B．The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C．Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D．The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were about.
6．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?
A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B．Being exposed to Greek literary works.
C．His mother's death.
D．Following the prettiest girl in his class.
7．It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ________．
A．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
B．Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation
C．students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style
D．the students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How the author became a journalist.
B．The importance of inspiration in one's life.
C．The teacher who shaped the author's life.
D．Factors contributing to a successful career.
B
[2021·临沂市、枣庄市模拟]Middle school is challenging for so many reasons — academic subjects become more difficult, schedules fill up with activities, and, in what might be the most challenging area for kids and parents alike, friendships change. Friendships change over time, not just because our children evolve, but because the very nature of friendship evolves with them. The best parents should learn to let go so that their children can succeed in their tween friendships.
Early in childhood, our children's friendships arise out of closeness and habit. We throw our kids into the sandbox with our friends' kids, and this arrangement works for everyone. As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity. Their shared interests, dreams, and goals begin to edge out mere convenience. When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex. And for good reason. Tweens use friendships as a way to try on an identity. They begin to build friendships based on new priorities.
All too often, the__shifting__sands__of__tween__friendship result in broken hearts. Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones. As any parent knows, our own personal heartache hurts, but the secondhand heartbreak we experience through our children is much more painful, mainly because it's out of control. The urge to meddle (干涉), to save and heal, is powerful, and while meddling around in tween social contact may make us feel better, we must stay out of it.
Tweens move from one relationship to another, adopting this detail of a friend's personality, abandoning that characteristic of another, until they have collected the essential elements of their identity. Some relationships will survive this process, and some will not, but everyone is an important phase of the journey. We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it's our job to be there when they emerge from the dressing room, when they do a little twirl (转圈) and wait for us to tell them how grown­up they have become.
9．What's the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Friendship becomes complex in every period of time.
B．Reasons for friendship building vary in different phases.
C．Tweens begin to build friendships based on the new priorities.
D．Important elements of friendship are needed in children's life.
10．What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Friendships are out of control.
B．Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed.
C．Friends move to exciting new relationships.
D．Friendships change from one to another among tweens.
11．What should parents do when tweens feel pain about their social contact?
A．They should blame them.
B．They should help to bring their children under control.
C．They should be there and support them.
D．They should meddle around in tween social contact.
12．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Change of relationships among tweens
B．Parenting in friendships among tweens
C．How to build friendships among tweens
D．The nature of friendships among tweens
A
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——影响作者人生的老师。
【文章大意】　作者的老师Marjorie Hurd对他的人生道路产生了重要影响。作者通过她了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得自己对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国刮目相看；也通过她了解了英语的逻辑与结构；同时也是多亏了她的鼓励，作者在接下来的二十五年里成了一名专业的记者。
5．答案与解析：D　考查理解句子的能力。根据画线部分后的“but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class”这一意义上的转折可推知，作者对那些兴趣小组和俱乐部并不了解，因此就跟随班里最漂亮的那个女生的选择，故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第三句“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war­torn homeland, making me proud of my origins”可知，Hurd老师对希腊文学这一财富的介绍让作者对自己饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，并为它感到自豪，故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：A　考查推断的能力。根据第四段中的“The students were...until the spark caught fire”可知，Hurd老师用她独特的严厉的爱来“吓”和“吸引住”他们，直到他们“潜质的火花”成为“火”，故可推知A项正确。
8．答案与解析：C　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd”和最后一段中的“But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become a reporter”可知，本文主要介绍了一位对作者的人生影响深远的老师。
B
【文章大意】　本文是一篇议论文。中学阶段是一个充满挑战的时期，但是对父母和少年来说，最大的挑战来自友谊的变化。少年易因友谊的变化而受伤害，在这种情况下，父母扮演着重要的角色，文中给出了父母应该如何做的建议。
9．答案与解析：B　考查段落大意。根据第二段的“Early in childhood, our children's friendships arise out of closeness and habit” “As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity” “When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex”可知，本段主要讲了在不同的年龄阶段，建立友谊的原因是不同的。
10．答案与解析：D　考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“We throw our kids into the sandbox with our friends' kids, and this arrangement works for everyone”和第三段的“as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones”可知，sands在此代指朋友，画线部分表示少年时期朋友的转变，即友谊的转变，故D项能解释画线部分。
11．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段的“and while meddling around in tween social contact may make us feel better, we must stay out of it”和最后一段的“We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it's our job to be there when they emerge from the dressing room, when they do a little twirl （转圈） and wait for us to tell them how grown­up they have become”可知，当孩子因为社交而难过时，父母的正确做法是不干涉，在他们身边支持他们。
12．答案与解析：B　考查标题判断。通读全文内容可知，文章首先介绍了中学时期少年之间友谊的微妙变化以及这一变化对他们的影响，接着给出了在这种情况下父母应该如何做的建议，故B项概括了文章的主要内容，适合用作标题。
C
[2021·福州市质量检测]I never thought I'd hear myself say it, but I've grown to enjoy lifting weights, and I've learned something from doing it. I enjoy the sense of strength and discipline that comes when the muscles are forced to resist. I've tried varying schedules — lifting every day, every other day, two days on and a day off. The every day approach is the least effective. I get the best strengthening results when I give myself a break.
The same is true with mind and spirit. Without giving a chance to reenergize yourself, you begin to break down all the connective fibers of your life. I used to just give myself Sundays off. Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything — and “everything” includes reading two magazines, building a house in Hawaii, working on an ABC movie — and, oh yeah, my day job. Keeping it all straight was beginning to feel a little stressful. So I told myself that just because I have ten free minutes on my calendar doesn't mean I want to fill them. Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine.
So instead of having people lined up outside my office after the first show — I tape two a day — I do nothing for at least ten minutes. The change has worked wonders. I have more energy, and I'm in a better mood for the second show and all the business that comes afterward.
Now that I have the summer off to sit under the trees reading, napping, writing, and thinking, I know for sure it's time well spent. I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come. Fully restored.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To arouse readers' concern.
B．To summarize the whole passage.
C．To state the importance of a good lifestyle.
D．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
2．Which of the following does the author agree with?
A．Keeping everything straight.
B．Resting at any time.
C．Taking breaks between tasks.
D．Having a full schedule.
3．What does the underlined “it” in Para. 2 refer to?
A．Everything. B．Building a house.
C．My day job. D．Working on a movie.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Lifting weights changes people's life.
B．A little restoration helps go a long way.
C．Why people need to be in high spirits.
D．Ten minutes' break will work wonders.
D
[2021·青岛市期末考试]A lunch break — it's an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. And now we're spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go.
But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics.
But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says, “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need.
Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven't got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．It costs a lot of money buying lunch.
B．Eating fast food is no good to health.
C．Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment.
D．Experts give suggestions on eating.
6．What's Hubbub's suggestion in Paragraph 3?
A．Stop eating packed lunches.
B．Eating what you like.
C．Trying to be more efficient in work.
D．Making lunch by yourself.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Buying lunch.
B．Taking your own container.
C．Using reusable coffee cup.
D．Using refilling water bottles.
8．What will the writer call on others to do?
A．Make a full use of lunch time.
B．Eating properly to keep healthy.
C．Doing what you can to reduce pollution.
D．Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment.
C
语篇类型：夹叙夹议文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——学会适度调整与休息
【文章大意】　作者在训练举重的过程中发现通过调整日程安排可以达到更好的训练效果，由此联想到这也同样适用于人的思维和精神层面，适度的休息与调整可以产生更好的效果。
1．答案与解析：D　考查理解目的的能力。通读全文可知，本文的主题是适度调整与休息帮助人走得远。根据文章第一段的内容可知，作者提及自己训练举重的过程与经历，在尝试了多种训练日程安排后发现，每天训练的训练方式效果最差；即给自己休息时间的训练方式更有效，从而引出本文的主题。故选项D正确。
2．答案与解析：C　考查推断的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything” “Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine”可推知，作者认为完成一项任务再进行下一项任务前可以休息，因此选项C正确。
3．答案与解析：A　考查理解词汇的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything”及it所在句可推知，此处it泛指各种各样的事情，因此选项A正确。
4．答案与解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章尾段中的“I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come. Fully restored”和文章的其他内容可知，本文主要是通过作者的亲身经历总结得出结论：一些休整时间可以帮助人做好准备，走得远。故选项B正确。
D
【文章大意】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述人们将午餐外带不仅浪费钱财还污染环境。作者呼吁人们自己做饭或外带时自带餐具，尽可能地减少污染。
5．答案与解析：C　段落大意题。通读第二段尤其是“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too.（第二段第一句）”可知，第二段主要讲述了购买（外带）午餐时使用一次性餐具对环境造成了巨大破坏。故选C。
6．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据关键句“But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches.（第三段第一句）”及“...but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.（第三段倒数第二句）”可知，Hubbub及其成员建议人们自备午餐，带到工作地点吃。故选D。
7．答案与解析：B　指代判断题。通读最后一段尤其是“...an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.（最后一段第一、二句）”可知，Hubbub提出的替代选择是让人们自带容器去吃饭。由此可知，画线单词“this”指代的是带上你自己的容器。故选B。
8．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们外带午餐、使用一次性餐具造成了环境污染，作者引用环保人士的观点，建议人们自备午餐，或者购买午餐时自带容器。由此可推知，作者将呼吁其他人思考如何能够减少不良的午餐饮食习惯对环境造成的污染。故选D。

A
[2022·武汉部分学校高三质量检测]I was 29 when my brother­in­law said to me, “It would be nice if one day you could make use of your education.” I had a degree and an MA (Master of Arts) in creative writing which, as far as I was concerned, I used every day—reading novels, trying to write novels, arguing about politics, interpreting the meanings in French films, and generally leading an examined life. But my brother­in­law, who left school at 18, didn't understand why, as a journalist, I was bringing home less than half the salary he earned in the hospitality (服务) industry.
I thought of my brother­in­law's comment this week when the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) released figures showing that, on average, male arts graduates earn less at the age of 29 than their non­graduate peers. Graduates of the same age overall are only earning 6% more than non­graduates. For women the figure is 26%, but earnings growth for women overall is lower, so the benefits from going to university are greater.
The IFS figures drew a predictable response from Sam Gyimah, who listed some courses of arts degrees in certain universities that are not delivering the financial outcomes for students and threatened to punish institutions that don't improve students' earning prospects. This attack on arts degrees raises fundamental questions about what we want from education and, indeed, from life.
No one can deny that arts degrees give students the skills to speak and work out what they want to say and how to say it. Studying Sigmund Freud, or reading James Joyce or Toni Morrison for the first time, introduces students to ideas that challenge their intellectual prejudices, as well as the consensus (共识) of the society around them. The value of an arts degree in life is incalculable.
1．What did the author think of his major according to Paragraph 1?
A．Hopeless. B．Unrealistic.
C．Ordinary. D．Meaningful.
2．What do the IFS figures indicate?
A．Men graduates earn less than non­graduate peers.
B．Women graduates earn less than non­graduates.
C．The income increase rate for women is much higher.
D．Women benefit more from getting college education.
3．How did Sam Gyimah respond to the IFS figures?
A．He put pressure on some institutions.
B．He punished some institutions.
C．He bettered students' earning prospects.
D．He accused colleges of giving false hope.
4．What does the text suggest people do about degrees?
A．Challenge their intellectual prejudices.
B．Consider what they expect of life.
C．Work out what they want to say.
D．Think if they can make money.
B
[2022·豫北名校联考高三考试]By now it's almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you. Areas with more trees tend to be less polluted, so spending time there allows you to breathe easily. Spending time outdoors has been linked with reduced blood pressure and stress and seems to motivate people to exercise more.
“So it'll come as no surprise that there's research showing that spending time in nature is good. There are dozens of papers showing that，” University of Exeter Medical School researcher Mathew P. White said. “We get this idea—patients are coming to us and they are asking, ‘Doctor, how long should I spend？’ And the doctor is saying, ‘I don't really know’．”
So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20，000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey. And their answer is two hours a week. People who spent at least that much time in nature either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits were more likely to report good health and psychological well­being than those with no nature exposure.
Remarkably the two­hour standard applied to men and women, to older and younger folks, to people from different ethnic backgrounds, occupational groups, socioeconomic levels, and so on. Even people with long­term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature—as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week.
While the findings are based on a vast number of people, White cautions that it's really just a correlation. Nobody knows why or how nature has this benefit, or whether the findings will stand up to a more strict investigation.
“I want to be really clear about this. This is in very early stages. We're not saying everybody has to spend 120 minutes. This is really to start the conversation, saying, what would a threshold look like? What research do we need to take this to the next step before doctors can have the true confidence to work with their patients? But it's certainly a starting point.”
5．What does White want to figure out in the survey?
A．The benefits of being outside
B．How long we should stay in nature.
C．The significance of outdoor activities.
D．Whether the British spend enough time in nature.
6．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．The two­hour standard applies to everyone.
B．The reason why nature is beneficial is clear.
C．Further study is needed to confirm White's result.
D．The findings of White's survey have been widely used.
7．What does the underlined word “threshold” the last paragraph mean?
A．Strict investigation.
B．Following step.
C．Healthy lifestyle.
D．Starting point.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Nature and Health
B．Two­hour Staying in Nature
C．Tips to Improve Health
D．The Starting Point
A
语篇类型：夹叙夹议文　主题语境：人与社会——教育——文学学位有自身价值和存在的意义
【语篇解读】　作者有一个学士学位和文学硕士学位，家人认为他的学位没有价值。然而，财政研究学会的研究数据显示，文学学位同样有意义，关键在于你想从教育、从生活中得到什么。
1．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“I used every day—reading novels... and generally leading an examined life”可知，作者认为自己的专业很有意义，故D项正确。unrealistic“不切实际的；不实事求是的”。
2．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中讲到的“For women... the benefits from going to university are greater”可知，女性从大学教育中获益更多，故D项正确。
[干扰项分析]　A项基本信息正确，但是缺少年龄范围，原文中有明确的年龄范围“at the age of 29”，故A项错误。
3．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“threatened to punish institutions that don't improve students' earning prospects”可知，对于IFS提供的数据，Sam Gyimah给出的回应是向一些机构施加压力，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　考查推断的能力。根据第三段中的“This attack on arts degrees raises fundamental questions about what we want from education and, indeed, from life”可以推断，学位是文是理不重要，重要的是，我们应该问问自己想要从教育、从生活中得到什么，故B项正确。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——走进自然
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康。
5．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段最后一句和第三段第一句“So White and his team... with the Natural Environment Survey”可知，研究想要弄明白的问题是，我们应在大自然中待多久。故选B项。
6．答案与解析：C　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段的中心内容可知，White认为这一研究虽然涉及很多人，但其结果只表明了相关性，结果是否能够经得起验证还没人知道。结合最后一段中的“I want to... very early stages”可知，White的研究结论需要进一步证实。故选C项。
7．答案与解析：D　考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线部分前文可知，研究还处于早期阶段。根据后文中的“the next step”和“it's certainly a starting point”可知，画线部分意思为“起步阶段”。选项D符合题意。
8．答案与解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据全文内容尤其是第三段中的“And their answer is two hours a week. People who... with no nature exposure”可知，文章主要讲述了一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康，本文的最佳标题为“在大自然中待两个小时”。故选B项。
C
[2021·青岛市统一检测]It might seem strange to be making predictions about 2021, but one thing is clear: technology has been affected just as much as every other part of our lives. Another clear thing is that today's most important technology trends will play a big part in helping us deal with and adapt to the many challenges facing us. From the shift to working from home to new rules about how we meet and interact in public spaces, technology trends will be the driving force in managing the change.
One of the major technology trends that are likely to play out this year is 5G and enhanced connectivity. Each successive advance in mobile connectivity from 3G onwards has unlocked new use cases for the Internet. 3G made web browsing and data­driven services useful on mobile devices, 4G led to the growth of streaming video and music platforms as bandwidths (宽带) increased, and 5G, similarly, will open more doors in terms of what is possible.
5G means that services relying on advanced technologies such as augmented (增强的) reality and virtual reality, as well as cloud­based gaming platforms like Google's Stadia, become a practical thing, anywhere at any time. They also threaten to make cable and fiber­based (光纤) networks redundant,__with their need for us to be tied to a particular location.
In short, 5G and other advanced, high­speed networks make other new technologies available anywhere, any time. A great example is Norwegian fishery operator Salmar that uses a 5G network to automate the care and feeding of its fish. Image recognition algorithms (算法) are used to detect which fish are over or under­feeding, and automatically distribute food and medicine needed to keep them healthy. Initiatives like this will become increasingly important during 2021, where businesses look to increase automation across their workforces.
9．Which of the following is highly influenced by 5G technology?
A．Data­driven services. B．Streaming video.
C．Music platforms. D．Google's Stadia.
10．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “redundant” in Paragraph 3?
A．Useful. B．Unnecessary.
C．Expensive. D．Special.
11．Why is “Salmar” mentioned in the text?
A．To show the development of Norwegian fishery.
B．To explain how to keep fish healthy.
C．To present the application of 5G technology.
D．To propose new initiatives for businesses.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．Different predictions of technology trends.
B．Successive advances in mobile technology.
C．One of the technological highlights of the year.
D．The driving force in managing changes.
C
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了5G技术在实际生活中的应用及其所带来的影响。
9．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“5G means that services relying on advanced technologies such as augmented （增强的） reality and virtual reality, as well as cloud­based gaming platforms like Google's Stadia, become a practical thing, anywhere at any time.”可知，5G意味着依靠先进技术的服务，如增强现实和虚拟现实以及像谷歌的视距一样基于云游戏的平台成为一种随时随地实用的事物。由此可知，谷歌的视距被5G技术影响最大。故选D。
10．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“with their need for us to be tied to a particular location”可知，它们（光纤网络）需要把我们束缚在一个特定的位置，由此可推知，5G服务使得人们没有必要再使用电缆和光纤网络。因此，画线词应意为“不需要的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
11．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，挪威渔业运营商Salmar就是一个很好的例子，该公司利用5G网络实现了对鱼类的自动化照料和喂养。由此可推知，作者提及Salmar的例子是为了呈现5G技术在实际生活中的应用。故选C。
12．答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了2021年，5G技术在实际生活中的应用及其所带来的影响，即本年度的科技亮点之一。故选C。
D
[2021·太原市高三期末]I was invited to give a speech at a conference on education. I happened to sit next to Clay Parker, the CEO of a technology company that makes micro electronics devices.
For the last few years, I'd been reading about the rapidly changing world of work and was increasingly concerned that students are not prepared for today's workplace. Buried in book knowledge, university students talk like a book and always pass exams with flying colours. However, when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems useless. So I asked Parker what qualities he most wanted in a potential new employee. I expected a list of technical skills — especially since Parker is an engineer himself — but I was way off__the__mark．
“First, I look for someone who asks good questions，” Parker responded. “Our business is changing, and so are the skills of our engineers. We can teach them the technical stuff. But for employees willing to solve problems or to learn new things, they have to know what questions to ask. And we can't teach them how to ask good questions — how to think. The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality.”
Indeed, the ability to ask good questions has been a repeated theme in almost all of my conversations about core competences and skills for success in today's workplace. It turns out that asking good questions goes hand in hand with the problem solving ability in the minds of most employers.
The students have always been brought up to live up to a certain standard and so much emphasis has been put on fixed rules and giving the expected answer of their teachers instead of raising a question. We teachers are always blaming the students for giving wrong answers. Perhaps we should ask ourselves whether we are always asking the right questions.
5．Why did the author ask Parker the question?
A．To bring the CEO's attention to education.
B．To collect information about his company.
C．To ask for his opinion about the conference.
D．To know his requirements for new employees.
6．What does the underlined words “off the mark” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Mistaken. B．Not qualified.
C．Confused. D．Not professional.
7．What does Parker value his employees for?
A．Teamwork. B．Thinking ability.
C．Technical skills. D．Professional knowledge.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.How to Hunt for a Job
B．Asking Questions Matters
C．An Encounter with a CEO
D．Problem­solving Makes a Difference
E
[2021·绵阳市第二次诊断]Going through social media can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on social media some months ago, I saw water skiing in Maui, and swimming with wild pigs in the Bahamas. Wild pigs! I started searching flights to new places online, imagining adventures. Then I ordered food from the place I eat at every week and... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Recent research about repeat and novel experiences suggests that we ought to reconsider those negative feelings associated with repetition. Ed O'Brien, a professor at The University of Chicago, launched a series of studies on this topic. “There's a general belief that if you want to seem like an interesting, cultured person, the best thing you can do is to showcase that you're open to new experiences，” he says. “That may be true, but I think we take for granted the value of really digging deep into one field.”
To test this hypothesis (假设), O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus (刺激), including museum visits, movies, and video games. Next, some people were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while others actually did repeat what they had done. The researchers found that on the whole, participants said that repeating experiences was often far more enjoyable than they had predicted.
There is joy in repetition partly because every human mind wanders. Consequently, we miss a good part of every experience. Repeating things can really be seen as another opportunity to actually experience something fully. O'Brien's studies show that people are too quick to assume that they've “seen all the layers” even in those cases where they haven't. It's safe to assume there are more explorable layers in any experience. When we're noticing new things in any experience, our brain becomes engaged. All we need to do is approach whatever task is at hand by searching for the things that we didn't see in it the first time around.
9．Why does the author mention his experience in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the bad feelings linked to repetition.
B．To show novel experiences are more interesting.
C．To tell us a common belief about social media.
D．To present to us his new, imagined adventures.
10．What did O'Brien's studies find?
A．People were open to new experiences.
B．Imagination was exciting on the whole.
C．Repeating experiences made one bored.
D．Digging deep into one field was enjoyable.
11．How can we keep our brain engaged?
A．By assuming we didn't see all at first.
B．By searching for the ignored elements.
C．By approaching whatever task is at hand.
D．By keeping focused on every experience.
12．What is the best title for this passage?
A.Novel Experiences Enrich Us
B．More Layers Keep the Mind Busy
C．Repetition Makes People Happy
D．Wandering Minds Help People Explore
D
语篇类型：议论文　主题语境：人与自我——教育——提出正确问题的能力是适应当今工作的能力要素
【文章大意】　作者在一次教育研讨会上遇到了一位公司的CEO，作者向他询问公司在招聘新员工时看重新员工的什么能力，他的回答出乎作者意料，公司看重的是员工提出正确问题的能力。所以作者反思现在的教育和教师应教会学生如何提出正确的问题。
5．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“For the last few years, I'd been reading about the rapidly changing world of work and was increasingly concerned that students are not prepared for today's workplace”和“However, when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems useless”可知，工作（内容）在快速变化，作者越来越担心学生没有为如今的职场做好准备，怀疑学生在学校所学的知识无用。所以当作者偶遇一位公司的CEO时，提出了那个问题，即作者提出那个问题是为了了解公司对新员工的要求，故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：A　考查理解词汇的能力。根据第二段中画线词语所在句以及第三段中Parker的回答可知，作者预料Parker会回答新员工应具有的一些技术能力，但是他回答的内容却不是作者所预料的答案，所以作者“错了”。A项意为“不正确”；B项意为“没资格”；C项意为“困惑”；D项意为“不专业”。故A项正确。
7．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality”可知，Parker认为提出正确问题的能力反映了员工的思维能力，也是最重要的品质。由此可知，Parker重视员工的思维能力，故B项正确。
8．答案与解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据最后一段最后一句并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述为了让学生适应快速变化的工作（内容），教师要教会学生如何去提出正确的问题，这在当今的职场中被视为是很重要的能力。故“问问题很重要”最适合作本文的标题，故B项正确。
E
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——重复经历会让人快乐
【文章大意】　作者通过一项研究说明重复经历会给人带来乐趣。部分原因是每个人的思维都会走神，所以重复某些经历会发现意想不到的、曾被忽略的新事物，这会让大脑忙碌起来。
9．答案与解析：A　考查推断的能力。根据第二段第一句可知，研究表明我们应该重新考虑那些与重复经历相关的消极感受。由此可推知，第一段提到作者的经历（作者因订食物未尝试新的地方而感觉不好）是为了引出与重复经历相关的消极感受，故A项正确。
10．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段尾句和第三段尾句可知，O'Brien认为我们没有重视深入一个领域的价值，而他和他的团队发现总的来说，参与者们认为重复经历往往比他们预料的要令人愉快得多。由此可知，该研究发现深入一个领域令人快乐，故D项正确。
11．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段最后两句可知，发现新事物，大脑就会变得忙碌。而我们需要做的就是通过找寻第一次没看到的事物来处理手头上的任何任务，故通过找寻被忽略掉的元素能够使我们的大脑忙碌，B项正确。
12．答案与解析：C　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。作者通过自己的经历引出了与重复经历相关的消极感受。然后，作者又通过一项研究说明我们应该重新对待那些消极感受，因为重复经历能使我们快乐，故C项正确。
F
[2021·南昌市第三次模拟]Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.
It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro­organisms (微生物) which colonise (聚居于) floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.
Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro­organism­colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible．
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去离子) water; the smell of turtle­feeding meals; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells — the smell of meals and that of five­week­old bottles proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.
On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything that had this smell would be edible or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five­week­old plastic bottles and their like are not.
5．What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit?
A．Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics.
B．Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics.
C．Turtles like being fed with plastic tools.
D．Turtles choose to eat plastics by mistake.
6．What does the underlined word “edible” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fit to eat. B．Pleasant to smell.
C．Far to reach. D．Easy to digest.
7．What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research?
A．Many seabirds can track the food.
B．Most animals find food through smells.
C．Two smells are especially favoured by turtles.
D．The favoured smell leads turtles to seek for food.
8．Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last?
A．To explain why the ocean is polluted.
B．To ask for people to feed turtles with proper food.
C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean.
D．To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research.
G
[2021·西安五校高三联考]Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they'll probably take you back to their grandmothers' dining rooms — maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.
There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don't seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.
And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it's far too late to start thinking about heating the oven (烤箱) up.
However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”
The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”
9．Why do people pay less attention to the Sunday roast nowadays?
A．They have a busy lifestyle.
B．They have no interest in cooking.
C．They don't think it worthwhile.
D．They are living in the modern society.
10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．A recent article.
B．The fine old tradition.
C．A traditional kitchen.
D．The Sunday morning activity.
11．How does the author feel towards the Sunday roast's decline?
A．Sorry. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Positive.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Sunday — Best Time for Family
B．The Sunday Roast Is Dying Out
C．It's the Perfect Time for Us
D．Let's Sit Down Together
F
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——海龟因误食塑料制品而很可能丧命
【文章大意】　许多塑料制品因在海面上长时间漂浮而带有特殊气味，海龟误以为它们是可食用的东西而食用，从而很可能丧命。本文介绍了研究人员通过模拟海上漂浮塑料制品的环境进行实验，实验结果证实了他们的想法。
5．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第一句“It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity”可知，人们普遍认为，海龟误吃塑料是因为它们错误地判断了食物，故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：A　考查理解词汇的能力。根据第三段第一句可知，许多海鸟通过嗅布满了微生物的塑料释放到空气中的某些化学物质来追踪食物。结合该句中的“that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking”可以判断，海龟根据同样的化学物质误以为漂浮的塑料物体是可食用的。故画线词意为“可以食用的”。
7．答案与解析：D　考查推断的能力。根据第四段尾句“Two of the smells — the smell of meals and that of five­week­old bottles proved far more attractive to the animals than the others”可知，实验结果证明，食物的气味和在海水中放了五周的瓶子的气味对动物的吸引力要远远大于其他气味。据此可以判断，偏爱的气味引导海龟去寻找食物，故D项正确。
8．答案与解析：C　考查推断的能力。根据尾段最后两句“In an unpolluted ocean...and their like are not”可知，在未受污染的海洋里，几乎任何有这种气味的东西都是可以食用的，或者至少是无害的；不幸的是，在海水里放了五周的塑料瓶和同类的东西却并非如此。据此可以判断，作者最后提及未受污染的海洋是为了唤起保护海洋的意识。故C项正确。
G
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化——英国衰落的吃“周日烤肉”传统
【文章大意】　周日全家人聚在一起共享烤肉是英国的一个传统饮食习惯。但是，随着生活节奏加快，人们似乎已经没有时间和耐心做“周日烤肉”了。英国有媒体指出，吃“周日烤肉”这一传统不能被抛弃，它对家庭有益。
9．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第二句可知，在繁忙的现代社会，早餐是在上班或上学的路上吃一片吐司，午餐是在电脑屏幕前快速吃一个三明治；人们似乎没有时间和耐心做烤肉。据此可知，如今人们很少关注“周日烤肉”是因为生活太忙碌，故A项正确。
10．答案与解析：B　考查理解词汇的能力。根据第四段中的“It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear”可知，The Telegraph上最近的一篇报道指出，让这一优良的古老传统消失将是一件令人惋惜的事。又结合第五段第一句可以推断，该句中的it即指代上句中的“this fine old tradition”，故B项正确。
11．答案与解析：A　考查理解态度的能力。通读全文可知，作者先是提到吃“周日烤肉”这一传统变得不太受欢迎了，接着分析了这一现象的原因，然后又提到英国有媒体指出，吃“周日烤肉”这一传统不能被抛弃，它对家庭有益。据此可以推断，作者对吃“周日烤肉”这一传统的衰落感到难过、惋惜。A项意为“难过，惋惜”，故A项正确。
12．答案与解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days”为全文的主题句，提出文章主题——英国吃“周日烤肉”的传统将近消亡，下文围绕此主题展开，分析了这一现象的原因及一些媒体对此现象的看法。故B项最适合作本文标题。