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- 专题17 夹叙夹议类完形填空 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 0 次下载
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- 专题20 语法填空之无提示词 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用） 试卷 0 次下载
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专题19 语法填空之有提示词 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用）
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这是一份专题19 语法填空之有提示词 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考专用），文件包含专题19语法填空之有提示词解析版doc、专题19语法填空之有提示词原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题19 语法填空之有提示词（解析版）
在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。
一、有提示词解法思维导图
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
举例1
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
举例2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
举例3
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2． 考查非谓语动词
3．
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
举例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
举例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
举例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
举例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题
攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
举例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
举例9
This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题
攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
举例10
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
举例11
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
举例12
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题
攻略
当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
举例13
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
举例14
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题
攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
举例15
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
举例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
二、高考真题分项演练
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
9.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格所填词应该修饰动词help，故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变副词，直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
10.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构， 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为宾语us与动词astonish为被动关系，此处应该过去分词形容词astonished作宾语补足语，说明人的感受，意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
11.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
12（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】 better
【解析】考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
13.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
14.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要小得多。
15.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空） But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
16.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故答案为lower。
17.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
18.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
19.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
20.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
21. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
22.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
23.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
24.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
25.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
26.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
27.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
28.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
二、高考真题综合演练
2021.6全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）. It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游记，作者向我们简要地介绍了西安古城墙以及他自己骑自行车游完整个城墙的所见所闻。
【解析】1：考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
2 ：考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填 in。
3 ：考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
4 ：考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
5 ：考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
6 ：考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
7 ：考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。
8 ：考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 "自始自终，一路上" 。故填the。
9 ：考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10 ：考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
2021.6全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影响）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
【解析】
1 ：考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
2 ：考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
3： 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。
4： 考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
5： 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。
6： 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。
7： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
8： 考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
9： 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
10： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
2021.6浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. Beautifully restored（修复）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯的家的相关情况。
【解析】
1.考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
2 ：考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
3 ：考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
4 ：考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要小得多。
5 ：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
6 ：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。
7 ：考查连词，neither…nor…，既不……也不…（两者都不）。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但是她和她的丈夫都没有以园艺者而著称。
8 ：考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
9 ：考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
10 ：考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
2021.1浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower
【解析】1 ：文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故答案为and。
2 ：考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。
3 ：考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
4 ：考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
5 ：考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。
6 ：考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
7 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
8 ：考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
9 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。
10 ：考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故答案为lower。
三、模拟演练
1.（广东省珠海市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, 36． Canadian who worked as a physical education instructor at the Springfield College.
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were 37． (willing) to do outdoor activities. Naismith determined that a fast-moving game 38． could be played indoors would fill the empty afternoons after the baseball and football seasons had ended. First he tried to change outdoor games such as soccer to indoor play, but he soon found them unsuitable for small 39． (area). In December of 1891, Naismith hung two old peach baskets at either end of the gym at the school, and, using a soccer ball and nine players on each side, 40． (organize) the first basketball game. The early rules allowed three points for each basket and banned 41． (run) with the ball.
Five years later, a championship was 42． (success) held in New York City. 43． that time, the team had been reduced to seven players, and five became standard in the 1897 season.
44． basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games, it quickly spread throughout the world. In 1906, a metal ring was used 45． (replace) the basket for the first time, but the name basketball has remained.
【答案】
36．a
37．unwilling
38．which/that
39．areas
40．organized
41．running
42．successfully
43．By
44．When/After
45．to replace
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明篮球运动的故事。
36．考查冠词。句意：篮球运动是由加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明的，他曾在斯普林菲尔德学院担任体育教练。Canadian是加拿大人，是可数名词，且表示泛指，因此前面需加不定冠词，Canadian是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
37．考查形容词。句意：新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动。由“The New England winters were very cold”可知，新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动，因此空格处是“不愿意的”，即unwilling，故填unwilling。
38．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：奈史密斯认为，棒球和足球赛季结束后，一场可以在室内进行的快节奏比赛可以填补下午的空余时间。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词game是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
39．考查名词的复数。句意：起初，他试图将足球等户外运动改为室内运动，但很快发现这些运动不适合小范围运动。area意为“区域”，是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填areas。
40．考查一般过去时。句意：1891年12月，奈史密斯在学校体育馆的两端挂了两个旧的桃子篮，用一个足球，两边各有9名队员，组织了第一场篮球比赛。分析可知，空格处和hung时态并列，hung是过去式，因此空格处用过去式organized，故填organized。
41．考查动名词和固定短语。句意：早期的规则是每个篮筐得三分，禁止带球跑动。ban doing sth.是固定短语，意为“禁止做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填running。
42．考查副词。句意：五年后，在纽约成功地举办了一次锦标赛。空格处用副词修饰动词held，success的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”，故填successfully。
43．考查介词。句意：到那时前，球队已经缩减到7名球员，在1897年赛季，5名球员成为标准。had been reduced是过去完成时的被动语态，因此句子表示“到那时，球队已经缩减到7名球员”，“到某时前”用“介词by+某个具体时间 ”，因此空格处是介词by，位于句首，首字母大写，故填By。
44．考查连词。句意：当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界。根据语境可知，句子表示“当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界”，因此空格处可以是“当......的时候”或“在......之后 ”，即when/after，位于句首，首字母大写，故填When/After。
45．考查不定式和固定短语。句意：1906年，一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐，但篮球这个名字一直保留下来。由“a metal ring was used”和(replace) the basket可知，句子表示“一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐”，句中用固定短语sth. be used to do sth.，意为“某物被用来做某事”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to replace。
2.（广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三质检）
One Direction was one of the most popular bands, and it was made up of five artists. After years of breaking records, the band started to slow down. In early 2015, it 36． (announce) on Facebook that Zayn Malik, one of the members, would be leaving the band. In his first interview after leaving the band, Zayn Malik said that the reason why he left was 37． it didn't fit his style. And he said he “never 38． (true) spoke to Harry”, his former bandmate and that he had never been under the 39． (impress) they would keep in touch after Malik left the band. “Our relationships 40． (change) since we were in a band together, but I think that's just life,” said Malik. This came as 41． surprise to fans because in the Facebook post announcing his departure, Malik wrote that he had “four friends for life”. In contrast to the pop music of One Direction known for 42． (produce), Malik shared an R&B album in 2016 and his 43． (late) album Nobody Is Listening, in 2021.
Speaking with Vogue UK, he referred 44． One Direction as a “machine”. He discussed the band's sudden rise to fame and busy touring 45． (schedule) by saying, “I wasn't really ever able to enjoy the experience. The machine had gone too fast.”
【答案】
36．was announced
37．that
38．truly
39．impression
40．have changed
41．a
42．producing
43．latest
44．to
45．schedules
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了21世纪红极一时的“单向组合”乐队里的泽恩•马利克离队的原因。
36．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：2015年初，乐队在Facebook上宣布成员之一泽恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)将离开乐队。所填词与句子主语it之间是动宾关系，因此应该用被动语态；再根据时间状语In early 2015可知，此处需要用一般过去时，表过去发生的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是单数，因此空格处是was announced，故填was announced。
37．考查表语从句的引导词。句意：泽恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)在离开乐队后的第一次采访中表示，他离开乐队的原因是这并不符合他的风格。that引导表语从句，the reason why...is that...意为“为什么……的原因是”。故填that。
38．考查副词。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉得在马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词speak，true的副词是truly，意为“真正地”，故填truly。
39．考查词性转换。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉得在马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。根据空前的定冠词可知，此处需要用名词作介词under的宾语。under the impression意为“在印象中”。故填impression。
40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：马利克说:“自从我们在一个乐队里之后，我们的感情就变了，但我认为这就是生活。”含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句时态用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，主语relationships是复数，因此空格处是have changed。故填have changed。
41．考查冠词。句意：这让粉丝们感到意外，因为在宣布他离开的脸书帖子中，马利克写道，他有“四个终身好友”。surprise在此用作可数名词，a surprise意为“一件令人惊讶的事情”。故填a。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马利克在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。for是介词，其后用动名词作宾语。故填producing。
43．考查最高级。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马利克在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。此处是形容词作定语，由in 2021可知，《Nobody Is Listening》是他的最新专辑，因此空格处是“最新的”，是latest，故填latest。
44．考查介词。句意：在接受《Vogue》英国版采访时，他将单向乐队称为“机器”。refer to...as意为“把……称为……”。故填to。
45．考查名词。句意：在谈到乐队的突然崛起和繁忙的巡演日程时，他说:“我从来没有真正享受过这种经历。”schedule是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填schedules。
3.（福建省宁化第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic? China, as the world's most populous country, will launch its seventh 36． ( nation) census (人口普查) on November 1.
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census 37． (worker) spread out across the country, 38． ( collect) names, ID numbers, gender, marital details, as well as education and professional information.
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also 39． ( recommend) using cell phones and other digital tools 40． (declare) personal and family information.
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey 41． (find) the population had increased from 1.29 billion to 1.37 billion. Last year, the country's birthrate hit its 42． (low) level since the founding of the People's Republic 43． 1949. The statistics also revealed that more than 250 million Chinese were over 60 years old last year, 44． make up more than 18% of the population. The figure is forecast to rise to a third of the population by 2050 — or 480 million people.
This year's census may even show a decrease in 45． total size of the population for the first time in decades, setting the stage for India to overtake China as the world's most populous country.
【答案】
36．national
37．workers
38．collecting
39．be recommended
40．to declare
41．found
42．lowest
43．in
44．who
45．the
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于11月1日启动第七次全国人口普查。
36．考查形容词。句意：作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于11月1日启动第七次全国人口普查。修饰名词census应用形容词作定语。形容词national意为“国家的”。故填national。
37．考查名词复数。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。根据“7 million”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填workers。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。动词collect意为“收集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语workers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填collecting。
39．考查动词语态。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。动词recommend意为“建议，推荐”，和主语citizens构成被动关系。故填be recommended。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。使用手机和其他数字工具是为了申报个人和家庭信息，所以应用to do不定式表目的。故填to declare。
41．考查动词时态。句意：最近一次调查发现，人口从12.9亿增加到13.7亿。根据The last survey可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填found。
42．考查形容词最高级。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。根据“since the founding of the People's Republic”可知，此处是指1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平，所以应用形容词最高级修饰名词level。故填lowest。
43．考查介词。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。表示在某一年应用介词in。故填in。
44．考查定语从句。句意：统计数据还显示，去年中国60岁以上人口超过2.5亿，占总人口的18%以上。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为more than 250 million Chinese，所以应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
45．考查定冠词。句意：今年的人口普查甚至可能显示，人口总数几十年来首次出现下降，为印度超越中国成为世界上人口最多的国家奠定了基础。根据of the population可知，此处为特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
4.（福建省三明市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase 36． (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Magao Caves, 37． were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 38． (produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Magao Caves have long been 39． meeting point for different cultures. Today, the caves are just as international as they 40． (be) at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people 41． (admire) in America.
By42． (share) so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 43． (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future 44． (generation) to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working 45． the project explains, “Appreciating the cultural heritage is very important for international communication and understanding.”
【答案】
36．appreciation
37．which
38．have been produced
39．a
40．were
41．to admire
42．sharing
43．wider
44．generations
45．on
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了莫高窟文物数字图像采集工作的进程、历史重要性以及采集来的数字图像的用途。
36．考查名词。动词increase后接名词形式作宾语。故填appreciation。
37．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是非限定性定语从句。先行词为the Magao Caves，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查时态和语态。句意：自从1994年这个国际项目开始后，大约已经生成五十万份高质量的数字影像。由时间状语since可知，应使用现在完成时。主语digital photographs与produce之间是被动关系，所以应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填have been produced。
39．考查冠词。名词point为可数名词，且前面的meeting是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。a meeting point表示“一个交集点”。故填a。
40．考查时态。句意：现在这些石窟就像当年人们走丝绸之路时一样具有国际性。根据“at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.”可知用一般过去时，根据主语they可知，谓语用复数形式。故填were。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的游客来敦煌看石窟，洛杉矶盖蒂博物馆复制了这些石窟和画，让人们在美国就可以欣赏。这里用不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.作定语，修饰名词copy。 故填to admire。
42．考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词形式。故填sharing。
43．考查形容词比较级。空格位于名词前，应用形容词形式。even修饰形容词的比较级,再根据句意“该组织希望能在世界范围内引起人们对中国古代历史的更广泛兴趣”。故填wider。
44．考查名词的数。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史和文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏。名词generation为可数名词，且前无冠词，所以用复数形式表示泛指。故填generations。
45．考查介词。句意：一位从事该项目的研究人员解释说，“欣赏文化遗产对国际交流和理解非常重要。”短语work on从事于……。故填on。
5.（福建师大附中2021-2022学年高三月考）
China’s now-famous herd of 14 elephants is approaching their 48．(origin) habitat in the southwestern province of Yunnan after traveling southward for days.
The elephants have spent the last five days 49．(wander) and foraging(觅食) in Yuanjiang County of Yuxi City in Yunnan. Drones(无人机) have been used to track the herd’s movements in the region. On Thursday afternoon, the elephants left a field 50． they were foraging and headed into the forest. Both drones and ground search methods were used by a monitoring team to locate the elephants within two hours.
The herd’s return journey is expected 51．(accelerate) by lower temperatures in autumn, according to experts. Since setting 52． last year, the elephants 53．(travel) northward about 500 kilometers and arrived at the suburbs of the provincial capital Kunming on June 2.
The herd couldn’t have crossed the Yuanjiang River without help as the water level rises in the rainy season. Chinese 54．(authority) have sent police to protect the herd, clear roads to facilitate their passage, and used food to distract them from entering 55．(heavy) populated areas during their journey.
Asian elephants are primarily found in Yunnan and are 56． A-level state protection in China. With the protection efforts 57．(strength), the wild elephant population in the province has grown to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s.
【答案】
48．original
49．wandering
50．where
51．to be accelerated
52．off/out
53．had travelled
54．authorities
55．heavily
56．under
57．strengthened
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述一群大象正在接近他们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所并描述了对野生大象的相关的保护工作。
48．考查形容词。句意：中国现在比较著名的14头大象群在向南旅行了几天后正在接近他们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词habitat，origin的形容词形式为original。故填original。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些大象已经花了5天时间在云南省玉溪市沅江地区徘徊并觅食。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，所以应填wandering。故填wandering。
50．考查定语从句。句意：周四下午，大象离开了觅食的地方，进入了森林。分析句子成分可知，field作先行词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少状语，所以应填where。故填where。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，预计秋季较低的气温将加速这群大象的返程之旅。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，be expected to do sth./to be done表示“预计将会……”，根据空格后by以及句意可知，此处为被动，所以应填to be accelerated。故填to be accelerated。
52．考查副词。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据句意可知，空格处应填副词，set out/off均可表示“出发”。故填out/off。
53．考查时态。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据所给时间状语以及句意可知，大象从去年出发到六月二号为止已经旅行了500公里，所以应用过去完成时，所以应填had travelled。故填had travelled。
54．考查名词复数。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们通行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子可知，空格处应填名词作主语，结合谓语动词have sent可知，主语应为名词复数形式，所以应填authorities。故填authorities。
55．考查副词。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们通行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填副词来修饰形容词populated，所以应填heavily。故填heavily。
56．考查介词。句意：亚洲象群最早在云南地区被发现并且处于中国A级国家保护状态。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填介词，under protection表示“处于保护中”，所以应填介词under。故填under。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着保护工作的加强，这个省的野生大象的数量已经从20世纪80年代的193头增长到了大约300头。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with+宾语+补足语，且补足语与宾语之间的关系为被动，所以应填strengthened。故填strengthened。
6.（河北省石家庄市二中2021-2022学年高三月考）
World Animal Day is an International day with 36． purpose of awakening people's love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 37． (charge) with the mission of raising animals' status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 38． animals play in human beings' 39． (survive) and development, caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work.
World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the advocate of ecology, including animals. 40． his honor, the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 41． (vary) kinds of commemorative 42． (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997.
At present, the extinction rate of global species 43． (accelerate) as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WFF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 44． (severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, 45． the global vertebrate(脊椎动物) population decreased by 68% on average.
Now it is high time that we took action to protect our friends animals. After all, to save them means to save ourselves.
【答案】
36．the
37．charging
38．of
39．survival
40．In
41．various
42．activities
43．is accelerating
44．severely
45．while
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日以及现在动物所面临的危险，最后作者建议采取行动保护我们的动物朋友。
36．考查冠词。句意：世界动物日是一个旨在唤醒人们对动物的爱的国际日。the purpose of是......的目的，特指“唤醒人们对动物的爱”。故填the。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，这是一项社会运动，旨在提高动物的地位，以提高全球的福利标准。分析句子可知，设空处所在部分是做前面的名词movement 的后置定语，与该名词是主动关系，因此使用charge的现在分词形式。故填charging。
38．考查介词。句意：鉴于动物在人类生存和发展中的作用，关爱动物已成为环境保护工作的重要组成部分。play the role of担任......角色，是个固定短语，此处是把role前置。故填of。
39．考查名词。句意同上。and连接两个并列成分，根据and后的名词development可知，此处需要用名词survival与development构成并列宾语。故填survival。
40．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。in one's honor为纪念，这是个固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填In。
41．考查形容词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。设空处所给名词是修饰后面的名词kinds，因此使用其形容词形式。故填various。
42．考查名词。为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。根据空后的were可知，主语使用名词复数形式。故填activities。
43．考查时态。句意：目前，全球物种的灭绝速度正以前所未有的速度加快。根据时间状语At present可知，使用现在进行时be doing，主语是the extinction rate of global species ，因此用is doing。故填is accelerating。
44．考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会9月10日发布的一份报告显示，自然环境遭到了严重破坏。所给词是修饰后面的动词damage，因此使用副词形式。故填severely。
45．考查连词。句意：从1970年到2016年，全球野生物种数量平均减少了三分之二，全球脊椎动物数量平均减少了68%。分析句子可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，表示对比，因此用 while连接。故填while。
专题19 语法填空之有提示词（解析版）
在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。
一、有提示词解法思维导图
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题
攻略
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
举例1
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
举例2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
举例3
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soiltesting program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2． 考查非谓语动词
3．
解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
举例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
举例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
举例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
举例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题
攻略
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
举例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
举例9
This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题
攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
举例10
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
举例11
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
举例12
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题
攻略
当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
举例13
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than nonrunners.
分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
举例14
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题
攻略
所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
举例15
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
举例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
二、高考真题分项演练
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
9.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空格所填词应该修饰动词help，故应用副词形式。Undoubted 变副词，直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
10.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构， 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为宾语us与动词astonish为被动关系，此处应该过去分词形容词astonished作宾语补足语，说明人的感受，意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
11.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
12（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】 better
【解析】考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
13.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
14.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要小得多。
15.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空） But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
16.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故答案为lower。
17.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
18.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
19.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
20.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
21. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
22.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
23.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
24.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
25.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
26.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
27.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
28.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
二、高考真题综合演练
2021.6全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）. It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游记，作者向我们简要地介绍了西安古城墙以及他自己骑自行车游完整个城墙的所见所闻。
【解析】1：考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
2 ：考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填 in。
3 ：考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
4 ：考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
5 ：考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知，应该填写形容词的比较级的形式，故填better。
6 ：考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
7 ：考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，后面能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。
8 ：考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 "自始自终，一路上" 。故填the。
9 ：考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10 ：考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ，修饰routines, 故用形容词，故填daily。
2021.6全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影响）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
【解析】
1 ：考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知，空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意：这与传统的旅游业不同，因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
2 ：考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
3： 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。
4： 考查时间介词。根据空前有not可知，此处until与not一起构成固定用法not… until，意为 "直到……才……" 。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
5： 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语，构成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。
6： 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。
7： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
8： 考查形容词。空前为动词，空后为名词，故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意：为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
9： 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
10： 考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
2021.6浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. Beautifully restored（修复）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯的家的相关情况。
【解析】
1.考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
2 ：考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
3 ：考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
4 ：考查形容词的比较级，句中有than这个提示词，much修饰比较级。句意：当房子建好时，它比现在要小得多。
5 ：考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
6 ：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。
7 ：考查连词，neither…nor…，既不……也不…（两者都不）。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但是她和她的丈夫都没有以园艺者而著称。
8 ：考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
9 ：考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
10 ：考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
2021.1浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower
【解析】1 ：文章大意：介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究，描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意：科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了，这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故答案为and。
2 ：考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句，先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。
3 ：考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
4 ：考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
5 ：考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。
6 ：考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
7 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
8 ：考查副词。句意：30年后，很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词，故答案为 sharply。
9 ：考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。
10 ：考查形容词比较级。句意：乡下的人条件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels of income and education与higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系，前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级，故答案为lower。
三、模拟演练
1.（广东省珠海市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, 36． Canadian who worked as a physical education instructor at the Springfield College.
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were 37． (willing) to do outdoor activities. Naismith determined that a fast-moving game 38． could be played indoors would fill the empty afternoons after the baseball and football seasons had ended. First he tried to change outdoor games such as soccer to indoor play, but he soon found them unsuitable for small 39． (area). In December of 1891, Naismith hung two old peach baskets at either end of the gym at the school, and, using a soccer ball and nine players on each side, 40． (organize) the first basketball game. The early rules allowed three points for each basket and banned 41． (run) with the ball.
Five years later, a championship was 42． (success) held in New York City. 43． that time, the team had been reduced to seven players, and five became standard in the 1897 season.
44． basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games, it quickly spread throughout the world. In 1906, a metal ring was used 45． (replace) the basket for the first time, but the name basketball has remained.
【答案】
36．a
37．unwilling
38．which/that
39．areas
40．organized
41．running
42．successfully
43．By
44．When/After
45．to replace
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明篮球运动的故事。
36．考查冠词。句意：篮球运动是由加拿大人奈史密斯博士发明的，他曾在斯普林菲尔德学院担任体育教练。Canadian是加拿大人，是可数名词，且表示泛指，因此前面需加不定冠词，Canadian是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
37．考查形容词。句意：新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动。由“The New England winters were very cold”可知，新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷，学生们不愿意做户外活动，因此空格处是“不愿意的”，即unwilling，故填unwilling。
38．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：奈史密斯认为，棒球和足球赛季结束后，一场可以在室内进行的快节奏比赛可以填补下午的空余时间。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词game是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
39．考查名词的复数。句意：起初，他试图将足球等户外运动改为室内运动，但很快发现这些运动不适合小范围运动。area意为“区域”，是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填areas。
40．考查一般过去时。句意：1891年12月，奈史密斯在学校体育馆的两端挂了两个旧的桃子篮，用一个足球，两边各有9名队员，组织了第一场篮球比赛。分析可知，空格处和hung时态并列，hung是过去式，因此空格处用过去式organized，故填organized。
41．考查动名词和固定短语。句意：早期的规则是每个篮筐得三分，禁止带球跑动。ban doing sth.是固定短语，意为“禁止做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填running。
42．考查副词。句意：五年后，在纽约成功地举办了一次锦标赛。空格处用副词修饰动词held，success的副词是successfully，意为“成功地”，故填successfully。
43．考查介词。句意：到那时前，球队已经缩减到7名球员，在1897年赛季，5名球员成为标准。had been reduced是过去完成时的被动语态，因此句子表示“到那时，球队已经缩减到7名球员”，“到某时前”用“介词by+某个具体时间 ”，因此空格处是介词by，位于句首，首字母大写，故填By。
44．考查连词。句意：当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界。根据语境可知，句子表示“当篮球首次出现在1904年奥运会上后，它迅速传遍了全世界”，因此空格处可以是“当......的时候”或“在......之后 ”，即when/after，位于句首，首字母大写，故填When/After。
45．考查不定式和固定短语。句意：1906年，一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐，但篮球这个名字一直保留下来。由“a metal ring was used”和(replace) the basket可知，句子表示“一个金属环第一次被用来代替篮筐”，句中用固定短语sth. be used to do sth.，意为“某物被用来做某事”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to replace。
2.（广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三质检）
One Direction was one of the most popular bands, and it was made up of five artists. After years of breaking records, the band started to slow down. In early 2015, it 36． (announce) on Facebook that Zayn Malik, one of the members, would be leaving the band. In his first interview after leaving the band, Zayn Malik said that the reason why he left was 37． it didn't fit his style. And he said he “never 38． (true) spoke to Harry”, his former bandmate and that he had never been under the 39． (impress) they would keep in touch after Malik left the band. “Our relationships 40． (change) since we were in a band together, but I think that's just life,” said Malik. This came as 41． surprise to fans because in the Facebook post announcing his departure, Malik wrote that he had “four friends for life”. In contrast to the pop music of One Direction known for 42． (produce), Malik shared an R&B album in 2016 and his 43． (late) album Nobody Is Listening, in 2021.
Speaking with Vogue UK, he referred 44． One Direction as a “machine”. He discussed the band's sudden rise to fame and busy touring 45． (schedule) by saying, “I wasn't really ever able to enjoy the experience. The machine had gone too fast.”
【答案】
36．was announced
37．that
38．truly
39．impression
40．have changed
41．a
42．producing
43．latest
44．to
45．schedules
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了21世纪红极一时的“单向组合”乐队里的泽恩•马利克离队的原因。
36．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：2015年初，乐队在Facebook上宣布成员之一泽恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)将离开乐队。所填词与句子主语it之间是动宾关系，因此应该用被动语态；再根据时间状语In early 2015可知，此处需要用一般过去时，表过去发生的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是单数，因此空格处是was announced，故填was announced。
37．考查表语从句的引导词。句意：泽恩·马利克(Zayn Malik)在离开乐队后的第一次采访中表示，他离开乐队的原因是这并不符合他的风格。that引导表语从句，the reason why...is that...意为“为什么……的原因是”。故填that。
38．考查副词。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉得在马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词speak，true的副词是truly，意为“真正地”，故填truly。
39．考查词性转换。句意：他说，他“从未真正和前乐队成员哈里说过话”，他也从未觉得在马利克离开乐队后他们还会保持联系。根据空前的定冠词可知，此处需要用名词作介词under的宾语。under the impression意为“在印象中”。故填impression。
40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：马利克说:“自从我们在一个乐队里之后，我们的感情就变了，但我认为这就是生活。”含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句时态用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，主语relationships是复数，因此空格处是have changed。故填have changed。
41．考查冠词。句意：这让粉丝们感到意外，因为在宣布他离开的脸书帖子中，马利克写道，他有“四个终身好友”。surprise在此用作可数名词，a surprise意为“一件令人惊讶的事情”。故填a。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马利克在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。for是介词，其后用动名词作宾语。故填producing。
43．考查最高级。句意：与以制作闻名的单向乐队(One Direction)的流行音乐不同，马利克在2016年分享了一张R&B专辑，在2021年分享了最新专辑《Nobody Is Listening》。此处是形容词作定语，由in 2021可知，《Nobody Is Listening》是他的最新专辑，因此空格处是“最新的”，是latest，故填latest。
44．考查介词。句意：在接受《Vogue》英国版采访时，他将单向乐队称为“机器”。refer to...as意为“把……称为……”。故填to。
45．考查名词。句意：在谈到乐队的突然崛起和繁忙的巡演日程时，他说:“我从来没有真正享受过这种经历。”schedule是可数名词，前面无冠词，因此空格处用复数，故填schedules。
3.（福建省宁化第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic? China, as the world's most populous country, will launch its seventh 36． ( nation) census (人口普查) on November 1.
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census 37． (worker) spread out across the country, 38． ( collect) names, ID numbers, gender, marital details, as well as education and professional information.
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also 39． ( recommend) using cell phones and other digital tools 40． (declare) personal and family information.
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey 41． (find) the population had increased from 1.29 billion to 1.37 billion. Last year, the country's birthrate hit its 42． (low) level since the founding of the People's Republic 43． 1949. The statistics also revealed that more than 250 million Chinese were over 60 years old last year, 44． make up more than 18% of the population. The figure is forecast to rise to a third of the population by 2050 — or 480 million people.
This year's census may even show a decrease in 45． total size of the population for the first time in decades, setting the stage for India to overtake China as the world's most populous country.
【答案】
36．national
37．workers
38．collecting
39．be recommended
40．to declare
41．found
42．lowest
43．in
44．who
45．the
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于11月1日启动第七次全国人口普查。
36．考查形容词。句意：作为世界上人口最多的国家，中国将于11月1日启动第七次全国人口普查。修饰名词census应用形容词作定语。形容词national意为“国家的”。故填national。
37．考查名词复数。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。根据“7 million”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填workers。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道，在这项庞大的工程中，将有大约700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地，收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节以及教育和专业信息。动词collect意为“收集”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语workers构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填collecting。
39．考查动词语态。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。动词recommend意为“建议，推荐”，和主语citizens构成被动关系。故填be recommended。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了传统的方法，市民也将被建议使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。使用手机和其他数字工具是为了申报个人和家庭信息，所以应用to do不定式表目的。故填to declare。
41．考查动词时态。句意：最近一次调查发现，人口从12.9亿增加到13.7亿。根据The last survey可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填found。
42．考查形容词最高级。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。根据“since the founding of the People's Republic”可知，此处是指1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平，所以应用形容词最高级修饰名词level。故填lowest。
43．考查介词。句意：去年，中国的出生率降到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。表示在某一年应用介词in。故填in。
44．考查定语从句。句意：统计数据还显示，去年中国60岁以上人口超过2.5亿，占总人口的18%以上。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为more than 250 million Chinese，所以应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
45．考查定冠词。句意：今年的人口普查甚至可能显示，人口总数几十年来首次出现下降，为印度超越中国成为世界上人口最多的国家奠定了基础。根据of the population可知，此处为特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
4.（福建省三明市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase 36． (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Magao Caves, 37． were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 38． (produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Magao Caves have long been 39． meeting point for different cultures. Today, the caves are just as international as they 40． (be) at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people 41． (admire) in America.
By42． (share) so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 43． (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future 44． (generation) to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working 45． the project explains, “Appreciating the cultural heritage is very important for international communication and understanding.”
【答案】
36．appreciation
37．which
38．have been produced
39．a
40．were
41．to admire
42．sharing
43．wider
44．generations
45．on
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了莫高窟文物数字图像采集工作的进程、历史重要性以及采集来的数字图像的用途。
36．考查名词。动词increase后接名词形式作宾语。故填appreciation。
37．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，这是非限定性定语从句。先行词为the Magao Caves，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
38．考查时态和语态。句意：自从1994年这个国际项目开始后，大约已经生成五十万份高质量的数字影像。由时间状语since可知，应使用现在完成时。主语digital photographs与produce之间是被动关系，所以应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填have been produced。
39．考查冠词。名词point为可数名词，且前面的meeting是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。a meeting point表示“一个交集点”。故填a。
40．考查时态。句意：现在这些石窟就像当年人们走丝绸之路时一样具有国际性。根据“at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.”可知用一般过去时，根据主语they可知，谓语用复数形式。故填were。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的游客来敦煌看石窟，洛杉矶盖蒂博物馆复制了这些石窟和画，让人们在美国就可以欣赏。这里用不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.作定语，修饰名词copy。 故填to admire。
42．考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词形式。故填sharing。
43．考查形容词比较级。空格位于名词前，应用形容词形式。even修饰形容词的比较级,再根据句意“该组织希望能在世界范围内引起人们对中国古代历史的更广泛兴趣”。故填wider。
44．考查名词的数。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史和文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏。名词generation为可数名词，且前无冠词，所以用复数形式表示泛指。故填generations。
45．考查介词。句意：一位从事该项目的研究人员解释说，“欣赏文化遗产对国际交流和理解非常重要。”短语work on从事于……。故填on。
5.（福建师大附中2021-2022学年高三月考）
China’s now-famous herd of 14 elephants is approaching their 48．(origin) habitat in the southwestern province of Yunnan after traveling southward for days.
The elephants have spent the last five days 49．(wander) and foraging(觅食) in Yuanjiang County of Yuxi City in Yunnan. Drones(无人机) have been used to track the herd’s movements in the region. On Thursday afternoon, the elephants left a field 50． they were foraging and headed into the forest. Both drones and ground search methods were used by a monitoring team to locate the elephants within two hours.
The herd’s return journey is expected 51．(accelerate) by lower temperatures in autumn, according to experts. Since setting 52． last year, the elephants 53．(travel) northward about 500 kilometers and arrived at the suburbs of the provincial capital Kunming on June 2.
The herd couldn’t have crossed the Yuanjiang River without help as the water level rises in the rainy season. Chinese 54．(authority) have sent police to protect the herd, clear roads to facilitate their passage, and used food to distract them from entering 55．(heavy) populated areas during their journey.
Asian elephants are primarily found in Yunnan and are 56． A-level state protection in China. With the protection efforts 57．(strength), the wild elephant population in the province has grown to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s.
【答案】
48．original
49．wandering
50．where
51．to be accelerated
52．off/out
53．had travelled
54．authorities
55．heavily
56．under
57．strengthened
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述一群大象正在接近他们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所并描述了对野生大象的相关的保护工作。
48．考查形容词。句意：中国现在比较著名的14头大象群在向南旅行了几天后正在接近他们在云南省的西南地区的原始的栖息所。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词habitat，origin的形容词形式为original。故填original。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些大象已经花了5天时间在云南省玉溪市沅江地区徘徊并觅食。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”，所以应填wandering。故填wandering。
50．考查定语从句。句意：周四下午，大象离开了觅食的地方，进入了森林。分析句子成分可知，field作先行词，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少状语，所以应填where。故填where。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，预计秋季较低的气温将加速这群大象的返程之旅。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，be expected to do sth./to be done表示“预计将会……”，根据空格后by以及句意可知，此处为被动，所以应填to be accelerated。故填to be accelerated。
52．考查副词。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据句意可知，空格处应填副词，set out/off均可表示“出发”。故填out/off。
53．考查时态。句意：从去年出发开始，这群大象已经向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二号到达了省会城市昆明的郊区。根据所给时间状语以及句意可知，大象从去年出发到六月二号为止已经旅行了500公里，所以应用过去完成时，所以应填had travelled。故填had travelled。
54．考查名词复数。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们通行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子可知，空格处应填名词作主语，结合谓语动词have sent可知，主语应为名词复数形式，所以应填authorities。故填authorities。
55．考查副词。句意：中国政府部门已经派警察去保护这些大象，清理道路方便他们通行，并在他们旅行的过程中用食物分散他们的注意力，不让他们进入人口稠密的地区。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填副词来修饰形容词populated，所以应填heavily。故填heavily。
56．考查介词。句意：亚洲象群最早在云南地区被发现并且处于中国A级国家保护状态。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填介词，under protection表示“处于保护中”，所以应填介词under。故填under。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着保护工作的加强，这个省的野生大象的数量已经从20世纪80年代的193头增长到了大约300头。分析句子结构可知，此处考查with+宾语+补足语，且补足语与宾语之间的关系为被动，所以应填strengthened。故填strengthened。
6.（河北省石家庄市二中2021-2022学年高三月考）
World Animal Day is an International day with 36． purpose of awakening people's love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 37． (charge) with the mission of raising animals' status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 38． animals play in human beings' 39． (survive) and development, caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work.
World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the advocate of ecology, including animals. 40． his honor, the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 41． (vary) kinds of commemorative 42． (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997.
At present, the extinction rate of global species 43． (accelerate) as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WFF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 44． (severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, 45． the global vertebrate(脊椎动物) population decreased by 68% on average.
Now it is high time that we took action to protect our friends animals. After all, to save them means to save ourselves.
【答案】
36．the
37．charging
38．of
39．survival
40．In
41．various
42．activities
43．is accelerating
44．severely
45．while
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界动物日以及现在动物所面临的危险，最后作者建议采取行动保护我们的动物朋友。
36．考查冠词。句意：世界动物日是一个旨在唤醒人们对动物的爱的国际日。the purpose of是......的目的，特指“唤醒人们对动物的爱”。故填the。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，这是一项社会运动，旨在提高动物的地位，以提高全球的福利标准。分析句子可知，设空处所在部分是做前面的名词movement 的后置定语，与该名词是主动关系，因此使用charge的现在分词形式。故填charging。
38．考查介词。句意：鉴于动物在人类生存和发展中的作用，关爱动物已成为环境保护工作的重要组成部分。play the role of担任......角色，是个固定短语，此处是把role前置。故填of。
39．考查名词。句意同上。and连接两个并列成分，根据and后的名词development可知，此处需要用名词survival与development构成并列宾语。故填survival。
40．考查介词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。in one's honor为纪念，这是个固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填In。
41．考查形容词。句意：为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。设空处所给名词是修饰后面的名词kinds，因此使用其形容词形式。故填various。
42．考查名词。为了纪念他，这一天被定为世界动物日，世界各地举行了各种纪念活动。自1997年以来，中国一直在全国范围内庆祝世界动物日。根据空后的were可知，主语使用名词复数形式。故填activities。
43．考查时态。句意：目前，全球物种的灭绝速度正以前所未有的速度加快。根据时间状语At present可知，使用现在进行时be doing，主语是the extinction rate of global species ，因此用is doing。故填is accelerating。
44．考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会9月10日发布的一份报告显示，自然环境遭到了严重破坏。所给词是修饰后面的动词damage，因此使用副词形式。故填severely。
45．考查连词。句意：从1970年到2016年，全球野生物种数量平均减少了三分之二，全球脊椎动物数量平均减少了68%。分析句子可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，表示对比，因此用 while连接。故填while。
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