2022届新高考英语一轮复习 夯基提升 语法知识专题三 介词和介词短语

第二部分 语法知识贯通

专题三　介词和介词短语

题组1  限时模拟

1.[2021安徽江淮十校二测,43]His early poems combined incidents from his travels 　　　　the hardships he experienced. 

2.[2021黑龙江八校摸底考试,41]There are many elective courses for students to choose　　　　 at my university, ranging from art to zoology. 

3.[2021广东四市名校联考,45]Instead of treating the wildfire 　　　　a threat to be swiftly extinguished, Americans need to learn to live with it, as they have before. 

4.[2021山东烟台期中,41]Some reports also show that the number of giant pandas in the wild is 　　　　the rise. 

5.[2021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟,63]He first became acquainted with the bird family after he rescued two chicks that had fallen 　　　　their nest in his front yard five years ago. 

6.[2021四川绵阳一诊,61]In ancient times, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them 　　　　a clear night. 

7.[2021山东潍坊阶段性监测,65]I join this outstanding and talented group of writers, researchers, and other people who have a passion 　　　　environmental subject matter. 

8.[2021江西名校第二次联考,65]White cranes are also known as "living fossil" birds, 　　　　only about 4,000 in the world.  

9.[2021湖南长沙长郡中学考试,62]They posted the posters they had designed on the Internet to introduce people 　　　　some preventive measures.  

10.[2021河南南阳一中考试,66]The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular　　　　 the distinctive taste of its duck products. 

11.[2020河南郑州一模,70]Robinson believed that the research could be helpful 　　　　improving road safety. 

12.[2020皖南八校联考,67]One artist showed us how to paint the facial mask on our face, and the other taught us the typical moves step 　　　　step. 

13.[2020辽宁五校协作体联考,66]In the Song dynasty, teahouses existed all over cities and villages, 　　　　a rate comparable with that of restaurants. 

14.[2020河南洛阳第一次联考,65]Hu He, one of China Daily’s website editors currently working in New York, gave me and other colleagues each a supply 　　　　goji berries.  

题组2  精选真题　　　　　　　

1.[2020全国Ⅱ,64]Oranges: Orange trees are more 　　　　decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.  

2.[2020全国Ш,70]The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 　　　　earth, Mother Nature. 

3.[2020浙江1月,59]This aging of the population is driven 　　　　two factors.  

4.[2020浙江,58]Farming produced more food per person 　　　　hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.  

5.[2020北京,6]Over time, the bags fall apart 　　　　countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.  

6.[2019全国Ι,63]Modern methods 　　　　tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s... 

7.[2019北京,5]First celebrated　　　　1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). 

8.[2018全国Ι,65]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 　　　　walking, cycling or swimming. 

9.[2018北京,14]—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment 　　　　next Wednesday afternoon. 

10.[2018全国Ⅱ,65]Corn uses less water 　　　　rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 

11.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),62]It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 　　　　work. 

12.[2017北京,35]Many people who live along the coast make a living 　　　　the fishing industry. 

13.[2017天津,12]When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be 　　　　trees that are over 1,000 years old.

14.[2017江苏,33]—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?

—It’s nothing. Just something 　　　　the top of my head. 

15.[2017江苏,32]Determining where we are 　　　　relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 

16.[2017天津,13]We offer an excellent education to our students. 　　　　return, we expect students to work hard. 

17.[2016浙江,7]The study suggests that the cultures we grow up 　　　　influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 

A专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语)

As we know, water is very important 　1　 man. However, when my classmates and I went to town together　2__　 bike one Saturday, we found many car washes on both sides of the road. Now towns are badly short 　3　 fresh water. We should save every drop of water 　4　 our daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very important to us. We should be clear 　5　 the fact and I hope the government can take measures to solve the problem as soon as possible. Do you agree 　__6　 me on this point? 

As students, we should do our part 　7　 protecting water. Firstly, we should get into a habit of saving water, electricity and paper. Moreover, recycle whatever we can, 　8　 the water that has been used. Last but not least, don’t forget to influence those 　9　you to follow, and raise their awareness of saving water! If we don’t act now to protect water, it will run out one day, which will be a threat 　10　 the survival of us human beings. 

B语法填空

[2020湖南六校联考]When HarmonyOS, the Chinese self-developed operating system for Huawei mobile devices, 　__1　 (release) on Aug. 9, it quickly became a hot topic on social media. Many believe it not only represents the rise of the country 　2　 a high-tech power, but also shows representations of classical Chinese culture by 　3　(name) the system "Hongmeng" in Chinese. 

　　Besides "Hongmeng", Huawei has also registered many of its 　4　(product) under the name of legendary creatures from Chinese mythology. For example, the company’s server chip is called "Kunpeng", a mythical creature 　5　 changed from a fish into a giant bird. 

　　　6　(actual), Huawei is not alone in using traditional culture for modern enterprises. 　7　(base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology, a movie shows Nezha as a rebellious underdog, who has to overcome hardship and argue with his fate to become a hero, 　8　(like) his attractive heroic image in previous cinematic works. 

　　As Global Times put 　9　, "Ancient mythology has the power to stimulate contemporary imagination in young people." After all, imagination is 　10　 beginning of creation. 

答  案

专题三　介词和介词短语

题组1　限时模拟

1.with　句意:他早期的诗歌把旅行中的事件和他所经历的艰难困苦结合在了一起。combine...with....意为"与……结

合",为固定短语,故填with。

2.from　句意:我所在的大学有很多选修课供学生选择,从艺术到动物学都有。结合句意可知,此处表示"从很多选修课中选择",应用介词from。

3.as　treat...as...为常见搭配,意为"将……视为……"。

4.on　on the rise为固定表达,意为"在上升,在增加",符合语境,所以填on。

5.off　结合语境可知,此处表示"两只从鸟巢掉下来的小鸟",off"从(某处)落下,离开"符合语境,所以填off。

6.on　表示特定的时间用介词on。

【知识储备】　"在晚上"可以说"at night"或者"in the evening",但是如果表示具体的某一天的晚上,应搭配介词"on",例如,我们说"on a cold winter evening"而不说"in the cold winter evening"。

7.for　have a passion for sth.为固定表达,意为"酷爱……",符合语境,所以填for。

8.with　句意:白鹤也被称为"活化石"鸟类,全世界只有约4 000只。空格处涉及with的复合结构,即"with+宾语+宾语补足语",only about 4,000为宾语,in the world为宾语补足语,with的复合结构在句中作状语,故空格处应用with。

9.to　introduce sb. to sth.为固定搭配,意为"让某人了解某事"。

10.for　句意:该品牌于1848年诞生于乌镇,因其独特的鸭产品口味而广受欢迎。空后"the distinctive taste"表示该品牌受欢迎的原因,for表示原因。故填for。

11.in/for　句意:Robinson认为这项研究有助于改善道路安全。此处表示在某方面有帮助,故应用介词in;也可填for,表示"对……有帮助"。

12.by　step by step"一步一步地,逐步地"为固定用法。

13.at　此处表示茶馆的分布率与饭馆的差不多。at a rate意为"以……率",为固定搭配。comparable with sth."可与某物相比"。

14.of　a supply of意为"一定量的",为固定用法。

题组2　精选真题

1.than　more than 为固定搭配,在这里表示"不仅仅",所以填than。

2.on　on earth世上,是固定搭配。

3.by　空处位于表示被动的动词后,故应填by表示"由,被"。

4.than　根据上文的more food可知,此处是more...than...结构,表示"比……多……"。

5.into/to　句意:随着时间的推移,这些袋子分解成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...(分崩离析成……),介词into/to可表"进入……之中/变成……"。故填into/to。

6.of/for　句意:自20世纪80年代中期以来,人们才使用现代的方法来追踪北极熊的数量……。method of/for doing sth.表示"做某事的方法"。

7.in　句意:1970年第一次庆祝该节日,现在该节日包括了190多个国家和地区的活动。in表示"在(某月、某年、某季节等)"。

8.than　根据句中的more可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示"定期跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效延长寿命"。故填than。

9.for　句意:——早上好,李先生的办公室。——早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。根据语境可知,此处用介词for表示"安排或预约于 (某时间)"。

10.than　由空前的less可知,此处应用介词than,表示"比"。

11.from　考查介词。此处是指"当他们上下班时"。

12.in　句意:许多居住在沿海地区的人在捕鱼行业谋生。根据句意可知,空处用in表示"从事……工作"。

13.among　句意:当你开车穿过加利福尼亚州的红木森林时,你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示"在……中",与前面的"through the Redwood Forests"呼应。

14.off　题干中的"It’s nothing"说明T恤衫上的东西不是精心设计的,因此用off,off the top of one’s head 意为"即兴地,不假思索地"。

15.in　in relation to "关于,相对某事物而言",符合语境。

16.In　句意:我们给学生提供优质的教育,作为回报,我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意可知,这里用介词短语In return表示"作为回报"。

17.in　句意:研究表明,我们成长于其中的文化影响着我们看待周围的世界的基本过程。分析句子结构可知,"we grow up　　　　"是定语从句,修饰先行词the cultures,省略了的关系代词which或that在从句中充当空处的宾语,结合in the cultures这一搭配可知空处应用介词in。 

A专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语)

　　作者在路的两边看到很多洗车场,这让作者想到水是宝贵的资源,因此建议我们节约用水。

1.to　be important to sb.表示"对某人来说很重要"。这里是说,水对人类来说十分重要。下文中的"is very important to us"也是提示。

2.by　这里用短语by bike表示"骑自行车"。"by+表示交通工具的名词"表示交通方式。

3.of　这里用短语be short of表示"短缺,缺少"。

4.in　这里用介词短语in our daily life表示"在我们的日常生活中"。

5.about/on　这里用be clear about/on sth.表示"对某事清楚、明白"。

6.with　agree with表示"同意,赞同"。

7.in　这里用介词in表示"在……方面"。此处表示"在保护水(资源)方面"。

8.including/like　语境表示"包括使用过的水",用介词including表示"包括"。此处也可理解为"比如使用过的水",用介词like。

9.around/round　语境表示"你周围/身边的人",用around/round表示"在……周围"。

10.to　用短语a threat to表示"对……的威胁"。

B语法填空

　　本文由华为用古代神话中的名字来命名的鸿蒙系统、鲲鹏服务器芯片以及根据古代经典神话改编的影片人物哪吒来说明古代神话在现代社会中的运用。

1.was released　考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,该空作从句的谓语,主语HarmonyOS与release之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且根据时间状语on Aug. 9可知,应用一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。

2.as　考查介词。此处表示它不仅代表着中国作为高科技强国的崛起。故用as"作为"。

3.naming　考查动词-ing。根据介词by和空后的宾语the system 可知,此处应用动词-ing形式naming。

4.products　考查名词的单复数。根据空前的"many of its"可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。

5.that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a mythical creature,指物,且从句中缺少主语,故用that/which引导该从句。

6.Actually　考查副词。该空位于句首,修饰整个句子,故用所给词的副词形式。

7.Based　考查过去分词。主句的主语a movie与base为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词Based。

8.unlike　考查词形转换。句中的"a rebellious underdog"(一个叛逆的弱者)和"attractive heroic image"(迷人的英雄形象)是两种不同的形象,故填unlike"与……不同"。

9.it　考查代词。此处表示正如《环球时报》所说,as... put it...意为"正如……所说……"。

10.the　考查冠词。beginning常与the搭配,构成the beginning of..."……的开始"。