第2讲 语篇体裁之应用文结构化整理-2022年高考英语语篇阅读结构化详解

第二讲 语篇体裁结构化整理

一、作业讲解

二、新课导入

上一讲我们主要从文章的内容角度进行解读和信息的结构化处理，但是在刚刚的作业讲解中，大家会发现，第一篇跟第二篇的结构划分是有一定区别的，根本原因是两篇文本的体裁不同，第一篇是说明文，而第二篇是记叙文。所以本讲将开始针对体裁进行文本信息的结构化整理。纵观全国英语试卷，无论文本话题如何变化，体裁无非就是记叙文、说明文、议论文以及应用文。按试卷布局来看，阅读A篇通常也是全卷最简单的一篇文本，通常以细节理解题为主，侧重对纷杂的信息进行有效对比的能力，本讲内容将针对此类文本进行详细讲解。

三、知识点讲解

1.不同主体的信息对比

请看下列文本：

Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

    Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits- Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

             Online bookings: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book

              More info: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson

                       London Canal Museum

                12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

            www.canalmuseum.org.uk   www.canalmuseum.mobi

                  Tel:020 77130836

这类文本的信息整理有一种最简单的方式，即信息的摘取和罗列，只需要把每个比较对象在各个方面的比较信息罗列出来即可（也要注意共有信息的罗列），做题时在题干中抓住中心词即可迅速锁定信息点，从而高效解题。那么此篇文本的信息我们可以整理如下：

下面我们进行题目的实践：

1. When is the talk on James Brindley?

A.February 6th       B. March 6th

C.November 7th      D.December 6th

2. What is the topic of the talk in February?

A.The Canal Pioneers.     B.Ice for the Metropolis.

C.Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands.   D.An Update on the Cotswold Canals.

3. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?

A.Miranda Vickers.      B.Malcolm Tucker.

C.Chris Lewis.      D.Liz Payne.

【练习1】通过信息的结构化整理和对比完成下列题目：

Music

Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August,with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone：241–2742. http://www.cityopera.com.

Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723–1182 for more information. http://www.chamberoch.com.

Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381–3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.

College Conservatory of Music (CCM):Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I．D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556–4183.http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.

Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232–6220. http:///www.riverbendmusic.com.

1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?

   A. 241–2742．          B. 723–1182．   C. 381–3300.            D. 232–6220.

2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?

A．February．  B. May．       C. August．      D. November．

3.Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?

A.Music Hall．                    B.Memorial Hall．

C.Patricia Cobbett Theater．      D. Riverbend Music Theater.

4. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?

A.It has seats in the open air．    B. It gives shows all year round.

C. It offers membership discounts．   D. It presents famous musical works.

2.同一主体的信息对比

有一些细节理解题主体单一，无比较对象，但是各细节信息的内在对比同样对解题有着至关重要的作用，我们可以按下列同根生的Details Tree进行解读：

请看以下文本：

University Room Regulations

Approved and Prohibited Items

The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.

Access to Residential Rooms

Students are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.

Cooking Policy

Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.

Pet Policy

No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.

Quiet Hours

Residential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.

同学们可以按照刚才的Details Tree模板来整理此文本：

然后我们来看题目：

1.  Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?

A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.                                B. Wireless routers and radios.

C. Hair dryers and candles.                                         D. TVs and electric blankets.

2. What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?

A. The combination should be changed.         B. The Office should be charged.

C. He should replace the door lock.                  D. He should check out of the room.

3. What do we know about the cooking policy?

A. A microwave oven can be used.     B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.

C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.   D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.

4.  If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.

A. parent visits                                                        B. a fine of $100

C. the Student Court                                                   D. a written notice

5.  When can students enjoy a party in residences?

A. 7:00 am, Sunday.                                                    B. 7:30 am, Thursday.

C. 11:30 pm, Monday.                                              D. 00:30 am, Saturday.

【练习2】用Details Tree模板完成下列题目：

A Guide to the University

Food

The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8 am. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tales to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.

If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Cafe located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.

Relaxation

The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10am to 10pm, closed on Sundays.

Health

Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1to 4:30pm.

Academic Support

All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skill. You can sigh up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door:two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.

Transportation

The TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between capus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 9am and 3pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.

1. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?

A.Do homework and watch TV.      B.Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.

C.Have meals and meet with friends.     D.Add money to your ID and play chess.

2.Where and When can you cook your own food?

A.The Globe, Friday.        B.The Lower Cafe, Sunday.

C.The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.      D.The McMillan Hall, Sunday.

3.The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre _______ .

A.is open six days a week       B.offers services free of charge

C.trains students in medical care      D.gives advice on mental health

4.How can you seek help from the writing Centre?

A.By applying online.        B.By calling the centre.

C.By filling in a sign-up form.      D.By going to the centre directly.

5.What is the function of TWU Express?

A.To carry students to the lecture halls.     B.To provide students with campus tours.

C.To take students to the Mattson Centre.    D.To transport students to and from the stores.

四、课堂小结

本节课主要针对应用文中繁杂信息的比对问题，进行信息的结构化整理，我们把这一类文本分为两个类型，一是多个信息主体的对比，二是单一主体的信息对比，看到文本后，首先要看文章的比较主体是单一的还是复杂的，然后再利用对应的模板进行结构化，从而提高做题的速度和正确率。

五、课后作业

参考本节课的信息结构模板完成下列题目：

A

Choose Your One-Day Tours!

Tour A - Bath &Stonehenge: including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge -￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.

Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum, Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.

Tour B - Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's -￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter

Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the "city of dreaming spires(尖顶）"from St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.

Tour C - Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace -￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!

Tour D -Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great -￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.

33. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?

A. Tour A   B. Tour B   C. Tour C    D. Tour D

34. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?

A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court    B. Oxford & Stratford

C. Bath & Stonehenge       D. Cambridge

35. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?

A. It used to be the home of royal families   B. It used to be a well-known maze

C. It is the oldest palace in Britain     D. It is a world-famous castle

B

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.

◆Hungry

Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body？ Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasons. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.

◆Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong @ in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we connect science without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.

21.Where are you buy a souvenir at Science Center？

A.In Building 1.

B. In Building 3.

C.At the last Denny.

D.At the Denny Way entrance.

22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools？

A.Train Science teachers.

B.Disncie science books.

C. Distribute scientific research.

D.Take science to the classroom.

23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text？

A.To encourage donations.

B.To advertise coming events.

C.To introduce special exhibits.

D.To tell about the Center’s history