专题01 阅读理解-2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编（浙江专版）

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专题01 阅读理解（解析版）
目录

一、 浙江嘉兴·二模（4月）
二、 浙江台州·二模（4月）
三、 浙江宁波·二模（4月）
四、 浙江杭州·二模（4月）
五、 浙江绍兴·二模（4月）
六、 浙江温州·二模（4月）
七、 浙江金华十校·二模（4月）
八、 浙江金华十校·一模（11月）
九、 浙江宁波·一模（11月）
十、 浙江绍兴·一模（11月）
十一、 浙江台州·一模（11月）
十二、 浙江温州·一模（11月）


一、 浙江嘉兴·二模（4月）
第二部分：阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Tiny homes have been popular as home prices have climbed to new heights and people have looked for creative ways to downsize. We’ve seen many design concepts, including storage units and buses, but Jim Dotzenrod and his daughter Danielle recently came up with a unique one. The pair worked together on the family project to transform a 1973 train caboose into the sleeper car.
The CR Station Train Caboose, as it’s known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in the small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an excellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.
According to Insider, the project began when Jim saw a bunch of train cabooses along the side of the road during a drive out of town. He said he wondered if he could change one of them into a place where people could live or stay. So, he bought the 52,000-pound caboose for $8,000. Getting the caboose to its final home took some creative thinking and some heavy-duty equipment.
Danielle said the work was challenging, especially since she and her dad both have day jobs. But their schedules didn’t stop them from finishing the project. “My dad can do anything he sets his mind to — like, absolutely anything — but my dad is so low maintenance himself,” Danielle told the website. “So when we built this together it was a good combination because he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, ‘Hey, let’s make this as cool as we can.’”
This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if you’re ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!
21. What can we know about the CR Station Train Caboose?
A. It can only be booked online. B. It has become a local attraction.
C. It offers a new concept in home decoration. D. It was transported to the town with little effort.
22. The words “low maintenance” in paragraph 4 indicate Jim Dotzenrod is ________.
A. easy and pleasant to deal with B. determined to do what he wants
C. excellent at building houses D. experienced in project design
23. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To introduce a lifestyle. B. To share an experience.
C. To show a travel trend. D. To make an advertisement.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了父亲Jim Dotzenrod和他的女儿Danielle将1973年的火车车尾改造成卧铺车厢，这个在Airbnb上被称为CR Station Train Caboose的地方，在容纳它的小镇上已经有点成为自己的旅游目的地。
21. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The CR Station Train Caboose, as it’s known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in the small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an excellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.(在Airbnb上被称为CR Station Train Caboose的地方，在容纳它的小镇上已经有点成为自己的旅游目的地，它可以以每晚124美元的价格出租，在预订网站上有300多位客人给予了4.86分的优秀评价（满分5分）)”可知，CR Station Train Caboose已经成为当地的一个景点。故选B。
22. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So when we built this together it was a good combination because he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, ‘Hey, let’s make this as cool as we can.’(所以当我们一起做这个的时候，这是一个很好的组合，因为他可以做任何东西，然后我催促他，‘嘿，让我们尽可能把它做得酷一点’)”可推知，父亲Jim Dotzenrod愿意听女儿的建议，故“low maintenance”表明Jim Dotzenrod容易相处。故选A。
23. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if you’re ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!(这个车尾也有Wi-Fi，空调，冰箱，淋浴和更多。所以，如果你曾经在爱荷华州旅行，想要体验一些特别的东西，在CR Station Train Caboose预订一个住宿吧！)”可推知，最后一段的目的是做广告。故选D。
B
Every morning at five o’clock, composer (作曲家) Walter Werzowa would sit down at his computer waiting for a particular daily e-mail. It came from a team that had been working all night to draft Beethoven’s unfinished 10th Symphony. The e-mail contained hundreds of versions, and Werzowa listened to them all, looking for the perfect tune—a sound that was unmistakably Beethoven. But the phrases he was listening to weren’t composed by Beethoven. They were created by artificial intelligence.
When Ludwig van Beethoven died in 1827, he left behind some musical drafts and notes. There was barely enough to make out a phrase, let alone a whole symphony. But that didn’t stop people from trying.
Werzowa and a group of music experts and computer scientists teamed up to use machine learning to create the symphony. Ahmed Elgammal led the AI side of the team. The team’s first task was to teach the AI to think like Beethoven. To do that, they gave it Beethoven’s complete works, his drafts and notes. They taught it Beethoven’s process—like how he went from four notes to his entire Fifth Symphony. Then they taught it to compose a bridge between two sections. With all that knowledge, the AI came as close to thinking like Beethoven as possible. But it still wasn’t enough. The AI doesn’t really produce something that can continue for a long time and be consistent. So the team had to put the selected pieces together to build a symphony.
Matthew Guzdial researches creativity (创造力) and machine learning at the University of Alberta. He didn’t work on the Beethoven project, but he says, “Modern AI, modern machine learning, is all about just copying small local patterns. And it’s up to a human to then take what the AI outputs and find the genius (天资). The genius wasn’t in the AI. The genius was in the human who was doing the selection.”
24. How did Walter Werzowa contribute to the Beethoven project?
A. He trained the AI to think like a human.
B. He replied to daily e-mails every morning.
C. He selected the best tune created by the AI.
D. He drafted Beethoven’s unfinished symphony.
25. What was the major challenge the team met?
A. The AI was far from thinking like Beethoven.
B. It was hard to put pieces together to build a symphony.
C. The AI couldn’t create a long and consistent piece of music.
D. There were not enough complete works for machine learning.
26. Which of the following would Matthew Guzdial most probably agree with?
A. Al is likely to be a barrier to creativity.
B. The potential of AI is being brought out.
C. The value of AI shouldn’t be overlooked.
D. AI can’t totally replace the role of humans.
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. D
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作曲家Walter Werzowa与一群音乐专家还有计算机科学家联手利用人工智能学习创造贝多芬的第十交响曲。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The e-mail contained hundreds of versions, and Werzowa listened to them all, looking for the perfect tune—a sound that was unmistakably Beethoven.”(电子邮件里有上百个版本，Werzowa听了所有的版本，寻找完美的曲调——一个无疑是贝多芬的声音。)可知，Werzowa寻找出完美的是贝多芬的声音的曲调。故选C。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But it still wasn’t enough. The AI doesn’t really produce something that can continue for a long time and be consistent.”(但是这还不够。人工智能不会产生长时间持续的东西。)可知，人工智能存在的问题是它不会产生长时间持续的东西。故选C。
26. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Modern AI, modern machine learning, is all about just copying small local patterns. And it’s up to a human to then take what the AI outputs and find the genius (天资). The genius wasn’t in the AI. The genius was in the human who was doing the selection.”(现代人工智能，现代机器学习，就是复制小的局部模式。然后由人类来获取人工智能的输出，并找出天资。那个天资不在人工智能里。天才在于做出选择的人类。)可知，在Matthew Guzdial看来，人工智能并不能完全代替人类的角色。故选D。
C
Many of us have experienced the following: the day before an exam, we try to squeeze a huge amount of information into our brain. But just as quickly as we acquire it, the knowledge we have gained is gone again. The good news is that we can solve this problem. With expanded time intervals between a person’s learning events, we keep the knowledge for a longer time.
But what happens in the brain during the spacing effect? It is generally thought that during learning, neurons (神经元) are activated and form new connections. In this way, the learned knowledge is stored and can be regained by reactivating the same set of neurons. However, we still know very little about how pauses positively influence this process.
Neurobiologists Annet and Pieter did an experiment, during which mice had to remember the position of a hidden chocolate piece in a maze (迷宫). On three continuous chances, they were allowed to explore the maze and find their reward—including pauses of different lengths. “Mice trained with the longer intervals between learning phases (阶段) were unable to remember the position of the chocolate as quickly,” explains Annet. “But the next day, the longer the pauses, the better was the mice’s memory.”
“If three learning phases follow each other very quickly, we naturally expect the same neurons to be activated,” Pieter says. “After all, it is the same experiment with the same information. But after a long break, we imagine the brain interprets the following learning phase as a new event and processes it with different neurons.”
However, the researchers found the opposite. In fast continuous learning phases, the mice activated mostly different neurons. When taking longer breaks, the same neurons active earlier were used again later. Reactivating the same neurons could allow the brain to strengthen the connections between these cells. With spaced learning, we may reach our goal more slowly, but we benefit from our knowledge for much longer.
27. How does the author mention the problem in paragraph 1?
A. By introducing a theory. B. By telling a story.
C. By making an assumption. D. By presenting a case.
28. Why did Annet and Pieter do the experiment?
A. To examine the influence of rewards on memory.
B. To explore how brain works during the spacing effect.
C. To confirm neurons’ functions in the learning process.
D. To determine the best intervals between learning phases.
29. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The surprising result of the study. B. The serious limitation of the study.
C. The future goal of the researchers. D. The major worry of the researchers.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Learn Better by Distributing Tasks B. Remember More by Taking Breaks
C. Clearing Minds Aids People in Memory D. Spacing Effect Patterns Work Differently
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是，新的研究成果表明，一个人学习间隔时间越长，那么知识的记忆时间也会越长。
27. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Many of us have experienced the following: the day before an exam, we try to squeeze a huge amount of information into our brain. But just as quickly as we acquire it, the knowledge we have gained is gone again.(我们很多人都有过这样的经历:考试前一天，我们试图把大量的信息塞进大脑。但是，我们获得知识的速度很快，我们已经获得的知识就会再次消失。)”可知，作者通过提出一个案例的方式引出问题。故选D。
28. 推理判断题。根据第二段“But what happens in the brain during the spacing effect? It is generally thought that during learning, neurons (神经元) are activated and form new connections. In this way, the learned knowledge is stored and can be regained by reactivating the same set of neurons.(但在间隔效应期间，大脑发生了什么?一般认为，在学习过程中，神经元被激活并形成新的连接。通过这种方式，学习到的知识被存储起来，并可以通过重新激活同一组神经元来重新获得。)”可推断，他们俩做实验是想知道在间隔效应期间，大脑如何运作。故选B。
29. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers found the opposite. In fast continuous learning phases, the mice activated mostly different neurons. When taking longer breaks, the same neurons active earlier were used again later. Reactivating the same neurons could allow the brain to strengthen the connections between these cells. With spaced learning, we may reach our goal more slowly, but we benefit from our knowledge for much longer.(然而，研究人员发现了相反的情况。在快速连续学习阶段，小鼠主要激活不同的神经元。当休息时间较长时，先前活跃的神经元会在稍后再次活动。重新激活这些神经元可以让大脑加强这些细胞之间的联系。通过间隔学习，我们可能会更慢地达到目标，但我们从知识中受益的时间更长。)”可知，本段介绍研究出现了令人惊讶的结果。故选A。
30. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The good news is that we can solve this problem. With expanded time intervals between a person’s learning events, we keep the knowledge for a longer time.(好消息是我们可以解决这个问题。随着一个人学习之间的时间间隔的扩大，我们储存知识的时间更长。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是学习间隔时间长，记忆的时间越长。所以“Remember More by Taking Breaks(通过休息记住更多)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
二、 浙江台州·二模（4月）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The first thing my wife, Peg, said when I retired was “Good news! Now you’ll have time to clean the garage!” Not exactly good news-it was the one task I’d been putting off. Inside the garage had been gaps so big you could see all the way down to the ground and all the junk that had piled up since I’d started my job.
I’d earned a job as a news director, a position where I could use my skills. I threw my whole into it and put aside all the family trifles. I’d even worked my way up to head of the office. And after 30 years’ service, I knew it was time to retire. But after decades of long hours and strict deadlines, now what?
This dusty garage didn’t seem like much compared to the marble halls of the office building. Sure, I would have more time to spend with my family, but I worried I’d lose the sense of purpose and identity I had felt in my job.
I picked my way past coolers, snow shovels and folded canvas. Here I was puttering (磨蹭), of all things. I pulled on work gloves, then removed a box of motor oil out of the way, intending to empty some shelves when my hand hit something hard. What could that be?
“Just a dusty tin of seeds.” I sighed. “Huh, maybe older than me.”
I grabbed a plastic tray and pushed them into the soil. “What are my chances?” I asked an experienced gardener. “Not very good,” he said. I told Peg with a sigh, wanting to get rid of the tray, but something made me hesitate.
One morning, a sprig of green accidentally came into my view. Was it just grass? A weed? Or could it be...? I found myself checking first thing every morning, until one day I saw leaves unfurled. I proudly showed off the broad, healthy leaves to Peg and our grandchildren. “I just feel it even something this old can still come up. Pretty cool, right? Just like your papal!”
21. Why did the author put off cleaning the garage?
A. The garage was not in use. B. He was lazy with cleaning.
C. The garage was full of wastes. D. He was occupied in his work.
22. How did the author feel about his retirement at first?
A. He felt a sense of loss. B. He was worried about housework.
C. He felt freed from burdens. D. He was hopeful about the future life.
23. What does the underlined word “something” in paragraph 6 mean?
A. The experience of planting seeds.
B. The ability to take care of the seeds.
C. The words from the gardener about chances.
D. The expectation for the coming up of the seeds.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在作者退休后，妻子让他打扫车库，在打扫过程中，作者发现了一罐满是灰尘的种子，于是抓起一个塑料托盘，把它们推到土里。让作者感到惊讶的是，种子竟然发芽了并长出了绿叶，这让作者觉得很酷。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Not exactly good news-it was the one task I’d been putting off. Inside the garage had been gaps so big you could see all the way down to the ground and all the junk that had piled up since I’d started my job.( 这可不是什么好消息——这是我一直在拖延的一项任务。车库里有个很大的缺口，你可以看到一直到地面，还有我工作以来堆积起来的所有垃圾。)”和文章第二段“I’d earned a job as a news director, a position where I could use my skills. I threw my whole into it and put aside all the family trifles.(我得到了一份新闻总监的工作，在这个职位上我可以发挥我的技能。我把我的一切都投入其中，把所有的家庭琐事都抛到了一边。)”可知，作者把打扫车库的事推迟了，因为他忙于工作。故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But after decades of long hours and strict deadlines, now what?( 但经过几十年的长时间工作和严格的期限，现在该怎么办？)”和文章第三段“Sure, I would have more time to spend with my family, but I worried I’d lose the sense of purpose and identity I had felt in my job.( 当然，我会有更多的时间和家人在一起，但我担心我会失去我在工作中所感受到的使命感和身份认同感。)”可推知，作者刚退休的时候感觉怅然若失。故选A。
23题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“One morning, a sprig of green accidentally came into my view. Was it just grass? A weed? Or could it be...? I found myself checking first thing every morning, until one day I saw leaves unfurled.(一天早晨，我偶然看到了一片绿色。只是草吗？杂草吗？或者是……？我发现自己每天早上第一件事就是查看，直到有一天我看到树叶展开。)”可知，作者想扔掉盘子，但有件事让他犹豫了。something指代的是“对种子发芽的期待”。故选D。
B
It’s an attractive idea: By playing online problem-solving, matching and other games for a few minutes a day, people can improve such mental abilities as reasoning, verbal skills and memory. But whether these brain training games deliver on those promises is up for debate.
A research team gathered more than eight thousand volunteers globally after collecting their submission of an online questionnaire about their training habits and which, if any, programs they used. Some one thousand participants reported using brain training programs for about eight months, on average, though durations ranged from two weeks to more than five years. Next, the volunteers completed 12 cognitive (认知) tests assessing their mental abilities. They faced specially designed memory exercises, such as mentally rotating objects, pattern-finding puzzles and strategy challenges.
When looking at the results, researchers saw that brain trainers on average had no mental edge. Even among the most dedicated, who had used training programs for at least 18 months, brain training didn’t boost thinking abilities above the level of people who didn’t use the programs. Participants who had trained for less than a month, also performed on par with people who didn’t train at all.
“No matter how we sliced the data, we were unable to find any evidence that brain training games were connected with cognitive abilities,” says leader of the team. That held true whether the team analyzed participants by age, program used, education or socioeconomic status – all were cognitively similar to the group who didn’t use the programs, suggesting that brain training games don’t live up to its name. Accordingly, the study advocates no more time sitting at a computer and doing little tasks.
24. How does the author introduce the topic?
A. By questioning an idea. B. By having a debate.
C. By explaining an example. D. By making a comparison.
25. What can be learned about the brain training games from the research result?
A. They cost time to play well. B. They improve mental abilities.
C. They aren’t as helpful as imagined. D. They aren’t so popular as before.
26. Why do the researchers analyze the data from different angles?
A. To engage more participants. B. To further confirm the research result.
C. To test the limitation of the research. D. To provide evidence for the association.
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家通过研究表明，网络上的一些大脑训练游戏不一定能增强人的智力。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But whether these brain training games deliver on those promises is up for debate.(但这些大脑训练游戏能否兑现这些承诺还有待讨论。)”可推断，作者是通过质疑一个想法介绍主题的。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When looking at the results, researchers saw that brain trainers on average had no mental edge. Even among the most dedicated, who had used training programs for at least 18 months, brain training didn’t boost thinking abilities above the level of people who didn’t use the programs. Participants who had trained for less than a month, also performed on par with people who didn’t train at all.(研究人员在观察结果时发现，大脑训练者平均没有智力优势。即使是那些最专注的、使用了至少18个月的训练程序的人，大脑训练对思维能力的提升也没有比不使用这些程序的人高。训练不足一个月的参与者的表现也与完全没有训练的人相当。)”和第四段““No matter how we sliced the data, we were unable to find any evidence that brain training games were connected with cognitive abilities,” says leader of the team.( “无论我们如何分割数据，我们都无法找到任何证据证明大脑训练游戏与认知能力有关，”该团队的负责人说。)”可知，从研究结果中我们了解到，大脑训练游戏没有想象的那么有帮助。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“That held true whether the team analyzed participants by age, program used, education or socioeconomic status – all were cognitively similar to the group who didn’t use the programs, suggesting that brain training games don’t live up to its name. (无论研究小组对参与者的年龄、使用的程序、教育程度或社会经济地位进行分析，结果都是正确的——所有参与者在认知上都与未使用程序的那组人相似，这表明大脑训练游戏并没有名副其实。)”可推断，研究人员从不同的角度分析数据，是为了进一步确认研究结果。故选B。
C
On June 7, 1195, a fiery spinning ball emerged from a dark cloud in the sunny sky close to the London city. An account of this extraordinary moment survives in a chronicle (编年史) between about 1180 and 1199 by Gervase. It would appear that this is the first credible record of ball lightning in England, and much more convincing than the earliest European description, which was believed to be from the 17th century.
Historians discovered the account of what appears to be ball lightning while exploring Gervase’s records of natural events in his chronicle, a treasure of historical details giving insights into medieval culture. They dug through hundreds of pages in Latin and came across this sighting. Gervase’s records of natural events appear within the historical narrative, often with no opening statement, and the account of ball lightning is sandwiched between the events of the changing of kings at that time.
No attempt is made to explain the “marvellous sign” in the sky seen near London. Readers are left to draw their own conclusions. But Gervase appears to have been a sharp-eyed observer and reporter of celestial (天空的) activity. His fanciful description of ball lightning is remarkably similar to modern reports.
For a long time, ball lightning was regarded with skepticism. Although it is now generally accepted as a genuine phenomenon with thousands of reported sightings, there is still no accepted scientific explanation of its origin. Understanding the phenomenon has been blocked by an inability to reproduce the effect convincingly in the lab and partly because of the variations in eyewitness reports. Whatever the case, centuries later, Gervase’s record makes stimulating reading for modern scientists as well as historians.
27. What’s special about the account of ball lightning by Gervase?
A. It’s the most confusing version. B. It’s written in different languages.
C. It’s the earliest acknowledged record. D. It’s the only copy from the 17th Century.
28. Historians spotted Gervase’s account of ball lightning ______.
A. with ease B. as planned C. at the start D. by accident
29. It’s difficult to explain the origin of ball lightning mainly because of ______
A. no qualified scientists B. no accurate reproductions
C. few eyewitness reports D. little support from historians
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Scientists Search for Explanations for Ball Lightning
B. Gervase Was Found as The Eyewitness of Ball Lightning
C. Account of First Ball Lightning Sighting Was Uncovered
D. Historians Gain a Breakthrough in a Natural Phenomenon
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于球状闪电的第一个可信的记录。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An account of this extraordinary moment survives in a chronicle (编年史) between about 1180 and 1199 by Gervase. It would appear that this is the first credible record of ball lightning in England, and much more convincing than the earliest European description, which was believed to be from the 17th century.( 杰维斯在1180年到1199年之间的编年史中记录了这一非凡的时刻。这似乎是英国关于球状闪电的第一个可信的记录，比欧洲最早的描述更令人信服，后者被认为是来自17世纪。)”可知，杰维斯对球状闪电的描述的特别之处在于这是最早被承认的记录。故选C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Historians discovered the account of what appears to be ball lightning while exploring Gervase’s records of natural events in his chronicle, a treasure of historical details giving insights into medieval culture.( 历史学家在研究杰维斯编年史中对自然事件的记录时发现了球状闪电的描述，这是一个历史细节的宝库，可以洞察中世纪文化。)”可知，历史学家偶然发现了杰维斯关于球状闪电的描述。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Understanding the phenomenon has been blocked by an inability to reproduce the effect convincingly in the lab and partly because of the variations in eyewitness reports.( 由于无法在实验室中令人信服地重现这一效应，以及部分由于目击者报告差异，对这一现象的理解受到了阻碍。)”可知，球状闪电的成因难以解释，主要原因是没有精确的重现。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“On June 7, 1195, a fiery spinning ball emerged from a dark cloud in the sunny sky close to the London city. An account of this extraordinary moment survives in a chronicle between about 1180 and 1199 by Gervase. It would appear that this is the first credible record of ball lightning in England, and much more convincing than the earliest European description, which was believed to be from the 17th century.( 1195年6月7日，在伦敦市附近阳光明媚的天空中，一个炽热的旋转球从乌云中出现。杰维斯在1180年到1199年之间的编年史中记录了这一非凡的时刻。这似乎是英国关于球状闪电的第一个可信的记录，比欧洲最早的描述更令人信服，后者被认为是来自17世纪。)”可知，文章主要讲述了第一个球状闪电目击的解释被揭露。故选C。
三、 浙江宁波·二模（4月）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
I had just delivered a memorized speech that I had labored over for months, and I was about to learn how the experts judged my performance. The polite audience leaned forward in their folding chairs. Silence fell across the room and the drum rolled in my mind.
The contest organizer announced the third-place winner. Alas, the name was not mine. Then the second, and once again it was not me. At last, the moment of truth came. Either I was about to be bathed in the warmth of victory or regretted the last several months spent preparing. While neither of these came to pass, my heart just sank.
Losing is a part of life, but it was an indescribable depression to drive 200 miles round trip, get up early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four contestants. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate race, he reportedly said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who stubbed his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.
Months before the contest, I had spent hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial Speech Contest. As I read through several biographies, one idea stood out: Lincoln was handed many sound defeats, but he never allowed them to permanently stop his spirit or ambition. I thought “failing successfully” was a very appropriate topic, given the many letdowns Lincoln experienced, and so this became the title of my speech.
Never mind the lost prize money and praise — I did gain a new perspective. Through learning about Lincoln, I discovered that I could fail successfully. Now, whenever I’m faced with a failure, I remember what Lincoln said after his unsuccessful 1854 Senate race, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself, ‘It’s a slip and not a fall.’”
21. How did the author feel when waiting for the announcement of the result?
A. Relieved. B. Thrilled. C. Nervous. D. Desperate.
22. Why did the author mention Lincoln’s failures in Senate race?
A. To show Lincoln’s determination to win Senate race.
B. To present his research findings of Lincoln’s biographies.
C. To compare what they had in common in their experiences.
D. To indicate that he drew inspiration from Lincoln’s failures.
23. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. An Unexpected Speech B. A Slippery Path
C. A Successful Failure D. An Impressive Example
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了作者参加演讲比赛落败后，感悟到失败并不意味着所有的努力都白费了，一个人也可以“成功地失败”，收获的不一定非得是奖金和赞扬，也可以是一种新的观点和感悟。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Silence fell across the room and the drum rolled in my mind.(室内一片寂静，我的心里打起了鼓)”可知，作者心里开始打鼓，说明作者在等待结果公布的时候非常紧张。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through learning about Lincoln, I discovered that I could fail successfully. Now, whenever I’m faced with a failure, I remember what Lincoln said after his unsuccessful 1854 Senate race, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself, ‘It’s a slip and not a fall.’”.(通过了解林肯，我发现我可以成功地失败。现在，每当我面临失败时，我都记得林肯在1854年参议员竞选失败后说的话.’通过了解林肯，我发现我可以成功地失败。现在，每当我面临失败时，我都记得林肯在1854年参议员竞选失败后说的话：此路破败不堪又容易滑倒。我一只脚滑了一跤，另一只脚也因而站不稳，但我回过气来告诉自己，"这不过是滑一跤，并不是死掉都爬不起来了)”可知，可推知作者从林肯的失败中获得了启发。故选D。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。本文讲述了作者参加演讲比赛落败后，感悟到失败并不意味着所有的努力都白费了，一个人也可以“有成就地失败”，收获的不一定非得是奖金和赞扬，也可以是一种新的观点和感悟，根据最后一段“Through learning about Lincoln, I discovered that I could fail successfully. Now, whenever I’m faced with a failure, I remember what Lincoln said after his unsuccessful 1854 Senate race, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself, ‘It’s a slip and not a fall.’”.(通过了解林肯，我发现我可以成功地失败。现在，每当我面临失败时，我都记得林肯在1854年参议员竞选失败后说的话.’通过了解林肯，我发现我可以成功地失败。现在，每当我面临失败时，我都记得林肯在1854年参议员竞选失败后说的话：此路破败不堪又容易滑倒。我一只脚滑了一跤，另一只脚也因而站不稳，但我回过气来告诉自己，“这不过是滑一跤，并不是死掉都爬不起来了”)可知，“成功地失败”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
B
When did you last write a letter? Properly write one — by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail, is the writing on the wall for traditional pen and paper? Well, some people claim that writing still has many benefits, so maybe it’s not time to ditch your ballpoint or fountain pen yet.
These days, when people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. Doing this on a computer means it could be saved, edited, copied and sent via email. But crafting a handwritten document is unique: it requires planning and thought, and, as well as practising your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation.
Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper. This is particularly relevant for students, where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the “tactile feedback (触觉反馈)” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary, who says that taking notes by hand involves cognitive engagement in summarising, paraphrasing, organising, concept and vocabulary mapping. Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.
There are everyday benefits of using pen and paper too. Scribbling (匆忙书写) notes, shopping lists or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact. Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC, “In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”
So, while digital skills remain important, don’t write off your pens and pencils yet — especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power.
24. The underlined word “ditch” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “________”.
A. abandon B. preserve C. conduct D. employ
25. Which of the following belongs to the features of writing by hand?
A. It can be edited and delivered online.
B. It strengthens people’s cognitive abilities.
C. It lacks the “tactile feedback” to the brain.
D. It promotes motor skills throughout your body.
26. What did Katherine Moller suggest in Para 4?
A. People are supposed to turn off the virtual world.
B. Scribbling notes, shopping lists, or messages saves time.
C. It is quite convenient to communicate with others online.
D. Writing by hand is an important way to care about others.
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。虽然如今数字科技快捷方便，但不要放弃你的笔，用手书写在很多方面对人们都有好处。
【24题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句子的前半句“Well, some people claim that writing still has many benefits(有些人声称写作仍然有很多好处)”可知，一些人认为用手书写东西有益，因此可推知，我们不应该丢掉我们用于书写的笔，由此可知，划线词ditch与“abandon抛弃”同义，表示“抛弃；丢弃”。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.(一些专家认为，使用传统的笔和纸对大脑有益)”及第三句“BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessingh from the University of Calgary,who says that "taking notes by hand involves cognitive(认知的)engagement in summarizing, adapting, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping. （英国广播公司WorkLoad网站援引卡尔加里大学的Hetty Roessingh的话，他说“用手记笔记包括在总结、适应、组织、概念和词汇映射方面的认知参与”）”可知，手写有助于提高人的认知能力。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的Katherine Moller所说的话“In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.(在一个人们很容易上网发电子邮件或快速短信的世界里，知道有人愿意关掉虚拟世界和你共度时光是一件非常私人、非常珍贵的事情)”可知，Katherine Moller认为手写一封信是一次感人而宝贵的经历，因为手写是关心他人的重要方式。故选D。
C
As new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting fireworks to light up the sky. But the fireworks could finally lose their appeal with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows. One obvious example was drone light show in the opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympics.
Ollie Howitt, a technician at SkyMagic, which used 300 drones to create a display for London’s new year celebration, said demand had increased substantially. She added that drones were increasingly able to fly in greater density and for longer. Howitt also said there were benefits of drones, “They give out no pollutants, they’re reusable, and there’s no fallout or that kind of thing. So in that sense they are a very sensible choice.”
Robert Neff, the general manager at Mercia Harbor, also said the decision to use a drone display at the harbor was down to a number of factors, including the impact of fireworks on animals — from wildlife to the pets of boat owners. “They’ve often commented on how much suffering is caused to their pets by the fireworks,” he said.
But not everyone agrees. Hans Rosling, a spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental problems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium (锂) batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’,” he said. “The impact of firework use on the environment has been shown to be minor and very short-lived and recent studies have suggested that there is likely to be more pollution from a couple of cars driving to an event than caused by fireworks at an event.”
And there are issues with drone light displays, which need to receive specific safety approval from certain authorities. Some suggest the use of drones doesn’t mean shutting off fireworks. The bangs of fireworks create a sound feeling that is hard to replace. Meanwhile, others prefer the chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of image.
27. Why does the writer talk about the Tokyo Olympics in Para 1?
A. To attract readers’ attention to the Olympics.
B. To advocate setting off fireworks in the new year.
C. To introduce the popular use of drones for light shows.
D. To highlight people’s celebration of this opening ceremony.
28. What did Ollie Howitt think of drone displays?
A. They bring environmental problems.
B. They cause little suffering to the pets.
C. They add color to the new year celebration.
D. They are economical and environmentally-friendly.
29. Which of the following did Hans Rosling agree with?
A. Firework displays last shorter than drone displays.
B. The pollution from fireworks isn’t as much as people think.
C. Drones have less impact on the environment than fireworks.
D. People should abandon the drone displays because of lithium batteries.
30. What are people’s attitudes towards drone light displays?
A. Controversial. B. Favorable. C. Cautious. D. Neutral.
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了将无人机用于灯光表演秀的优点及可能给环境带来的影响，以及人们对无人机灯光表演秀的不同态度。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“But the fireworks could finally lose their appeal with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows. One obvious example was drone light show in the opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympics.(但随着无人机在灯光表演中的使用越来越多，烟花可能最终失去吸引力。一个显著的例子就是东京奥运会开幕式上的无人机灯光表演)”可知，作者提及东京奥运会是为了举例说明无人机在灯光表演中的广泛应用。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后Ollie Howitt所说的话“They give out no pollutants, they’re reusable, and there’s no fallout or that kind of thing. So in that sense they are a very sensible choice.(它们不释放污染物，可重复使用，而且没有放射性尘埃之类的东西。所以从这个意义上说，它们是一个非常明智的选择)”可知，Ollie Howitt认为无人机表演秀不释放污染物、没有放射性尘埃，还可重复利用，即它们既环保又经济实惠。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后Hans Rosling所说的话“The impact of firework use on the environment has been shown to be minor and very short-lived and recent studies have suggested that there is likely to be more pollution from a couple of cars driving to an event than caused by fireworks at an event.(使用烟花对环境的影响十分微小且非常短暂，最近的研究表明，几辆汽车开到活动现场可能比活动燃放烟花造成的污染都多)”可知，Hans Rosling认为燃放烟花的污染并不像人们想象的那么严重。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后Ollie Howitt所说的话“They give out no pollutants, they’re reusable, and there’s no fallout or that kind of thing. So in that sense they are a very sensible choice.(它们不释放污染物，可重复使用，而且没有放射性尘埃之类的东西。所以从这个意义上说，它们是一个非常明智的选择)”可知，Ollie Howitt对于无人机表演秀是支持的；根据第四段第一句“But not everyone agrees.(但并非所有人都这么认为)”及Hans Rosling所说的话“Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium (锂) batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’(有人认为，无人机对环境的影响较小，但我们对电力需求和锂电池的使用感到担忧，众所周知，锂电池并不完全是“绿色”的)”可知，Hans Rosling对于无人机的使用是持怀疑态度的。因而可知，人们对于无人机表演秀的使用有不同看法，存在争议的。故选A。

四、 浙江杭州·二模（4月）
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）》
第一节（共10个小题：每小题2. 5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When Oumou Dieye first started competing against men in the sport of golf, she was not confident and felt a little afraid. The men did not want to golf with her nor did they take her seriously. But then, she won her first game. After that, she had all the confidence she needed to keep playing and defeating male golfers.
Dieye is the only professional female golfer in Senegal. She was introduced to golf by her brother-in-law and immediately fell in love. Not long after she began competing, Dieye was given a chance to train in Morocco. With the financial support from her French golf partners, she spent three months training with the Moroccan Golf Federation. She said she enjoyed the experience so much that she returned to Morocco and stayed for seven years. While there, she also taught children at a golfing school.
Today her home is filled with many golfing awards. She has won so many that she has lost track of the number. What she has done is notable because Senegal is a conservative, Muslim nation. There is much pressure from society for women not to be involved in professional sports. The country practices a more liberal form of Islam (伊斯兰教). However, the culture still has traditional ideas of what women should do. A woman who chooses sports over duties at home risks being rejected by her family. At first, her family was not supportive. But after seeing her love of the sport, they changed their minds.
In 2018, when Dieye returned from Morocco, she was not happy about the state of golf in her home country. She wanted to create a golf school similar to the one in Morocco. In 2020, the Senegalese Golf Federation agreed to help Dieye establish a golf school in preparation for the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics in Dakar. It will be Dieye’s job to train Senegal’s first national golf team. This will involve preparing female golfers-including her own daughter.
1. What was the situation when Dieye first played golf with male players?
A. She was a shy girl short of social skills.
B. Her family didn’t support her golf career.
C. They didn’t think she was a worthy competitor.
D. She was the only female golfer of the country.
2. What can we learn about the country of Senegal?
A. It has received financial support from France.
B. Women there are encouraged to stay at home.
C. Sports play an important part in people’s life.
D. Golf players are very popular in the country.
3. Which of the following best describes Dieye?
A. A pioneer. B. An explorer. C. A producer. D. An investigator.
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了塞内加尔唯一的职业女子高尔夫球手Oumou Dieye的训练经历，以及她现在正在为之努力的事业——训练塞内加尔第一支国家高尔夫球队。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第一段“The men did not want to golf with her nor did they take her seriously. (男人们不想和她一起打高尔夫球，也不把她当回事)”可知，Dieye第一次和男性球员打高尔夫时，他们认为她不是个值得竞争的人。故选C项。
2题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“Senegal is a conservative, Muslim nation. (塞内加尔是一个保守的穆斯林国家)”以及“A woman who chooses sports over duties at home risks being rejected by her family. (选择运动而不是在家工作的女性有被家人拒绝的风险)”可推知，塞内加尔鼓励本国的女性呆在家里。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第二段“Dieye is the only professional female golfer in Senegal. (Dieye是塞内加尔唯一的职业女子高尔夫球手)”以及最后一段“It will be Dieye’s job to train Senegal’s first national golf team. (训练塞内加尔的第一支国家高尔夫球队将成为Dieye的工作)”可推知，Dieye正在努力训练塞内加尔的女子高尔夫战队，试图为女子高尔夫的普及开创先河，A项“A pioneer. (一位带头人)”最适合形容Dieye。故选A项。
B
A letter written to a 12-year-old girl in Lithuania was delivered in December, almost 51 years after it was sent.
Now in her 60s, Genovefa Klonovska said after being handed the letter, “I thought that someone was pranking me.” The letter included a handmade, colored rose and two paper dolls. It was sent to Klonovska by a young girl in Poland. They exchanged letters in what is known as a pen pal program — when people write letters to each other without actually meeting.
The letter, together with 17 others, was discovered this past summer when a wall was taken down in a former post office in Vilnius.
The letters, from the late 1960s and early 1970s, were likely hidden by a postal worker after he searched them for money or valuables, Vilutis said. The senders were family members or pen pals from places such as Australia, Poland, or Russia. Street names and their numbering have changed in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania. Post office workers spent months looking for the people who were supposed to receive the letters — the recipients. Only five recipients were found. In several cases, children of dead recipients were handed a lost letter.
Deimante Zebrauskaite, head of Lithuania Post, said we felt a moral duty to do this. Zebrauskaite added, “One lady compared the experience to receiving a message from a bottle thrown into sea. People were emotional (动情的). Some people felt they saw a part of daily life of their dead parents.”
In the letter to Klonovska, sent from Koczary in Poland, a girl named Ewa complains buses no longer reach her village. Now in her 60s, Klonovska has no memory of Ewa. She probably wrote Ewa after finding her address in an advertisement for pen-pals in a newspaper. Their relationship stopped after the letter was not delivered. “The loss was not life-changing,” said Klonovska. She then asked, “What if they delivered a lost letter from a suitor (求婚者) to his love, and their wedding never happened?”
4. The word “pranking” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. playing a trick on B. paying attention to
C. finding fault with D. getting in touch with
5. Why were some people emotional when they received the letters?
A. The arrival of the lost letters had been long expected.
B. They knew more about their parents through the letters.
C. A postal worker hid the letters for a selfish purpose.
D. Postal workers overcame difficulties to find the recipients.
6. What did Klonovska try to express in the last paragraph?
A. All these letters were important reminders of memories.
B. She didn’t mind if the post office gave her the letter.
C. The course of her life would never change for the lost letter.
D. The lost letters could have caused serious consequences.
【4~6题答案】
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了维尔纽斯一家旧邮局的一堵墙被拆除了，在其中发现了18封很久之前发出的信，邮局工作人员花了数月时间寻找它们的收件人，但只找到了五位收件人。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。通过画线词上文“A letter written to a 12-year-old girl in Lithuania was delivered in December, almost 51 years after it was sent. (一封写给立陶宛一名12岁女孩的信于去年12月送达，距离寄出已经过去了近51年)”和“Now in her 60s (现在她60多岁了)”以及下文“The letter included a handmade, colored rose and two paper dolls. (信封中装着一朵手工制作的彩色玫瑰和两个纸娃娃)”可知，这封信到达的时间晚了近51年，信封中装的物品显然不是60多岁的Genovefa Klonovska应该收到的，从而推知，此处指Klonovska认为这是一场恶作剧。画线词“pranking”意为“开玩笑、恶作剧”。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“Some people felt they saw a part of daily life of their dead parents. (一些人觉得他们看到了已故父母日常生活的一部分)”可推知，人们情绪激动是因为通过这些迟来的信，他们对父母有了更多的了解。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段Klonovska的话“What if they delivered a lost letter from a suitor to his love, and their wedding never happened? (假如它们收到过一封求婚者给爱人写的信，却弄丢了，导致婚礼未曾举办，那该怎么办)”可推知，Klonovska认为，丢失的信件可能会造成严重后果。故选D项。
C
They say procrastination (拖延) is the thief of time — actually deadlines are. New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. But if you do set a deadline, make it short.
Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research. Participants were invited to complete an online survey concerning a charity donation. They were given either one week, one month, or no deadline to respond. Professor Knowles says although the topic of the survey was about charity, the results are true of any situation where someone asks another person for help.
The study found responses to the survey were lowest for the one-month deadline and highest when no deadline was specified (明确规定). No deadline and the one-week deadline led to many early responses, while a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate, and then forget. Professor Knowles wasn’t surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline. However, he did find it interesting that they received the most responses when no deadline was specified.
“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline, as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all, removes the urgency to act,” he says. “People therefore put off undertaking the task, and since they are inattentive or forget, postponing it results in lower response rates.”
He says of the research that it is possible that not specifying a deadline might still have led participants to assume that there is an unspoken deadline. Professor Knowles hopes his research can help reduce the amount of procrastinating people do. “Many people procrastinate. They have the best intentions of helping someone out, but just do not get around to doing it.”
7. Why did Professor Knowles do the research?
A. To study the role a deadline plays in procrastination.
B. To find out whether people are interested in charity.
C. To attract public attention to the effects of procrastination.
D. To test the effect of procrastination on task completion.
8. What most likely leads to procrastination?
A. No deadlines. B. Short deadlines. C. Specific deadlines. D. Long deadlines.
9. Why do people procrastinate when given a long deadline?
A. They oppose the deadline. B. They are unwilling to act.
C. They lack a sense of urgency. D. They are too busy to remember.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Procrastination — the Thief of Time
B. Procrastination — an Urgent Problem to Solve
C. Deadline — a Result of Procrastination
D. Deadline — the Key to Reducing Procrastination
【7~10题答案】
【答案】7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们拖延与设定截止日期的时间长短有关。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research. (Stephen Knowles教授在他们的研究中测试了截止日期长度对任务完成的影响)”可推知，Stephen Knowles教授做这项研究是为了研究设定截止日期对拖延这一行为的影响。故选A项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate, and then forget (设定很长的截止日期似乎允许人们拖延，然后忘记)”可知，设定很长的截止日期最有可能导致拖延。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline, as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all, removes the urgency to act (我们将此解释为，设定一个更长的截止日期，而不是一个短的截止日期或根本没有截止日期，会消除采取行动的紧迫性)”可知，人们在拥有很长的截止日期时会拖延，主要原因是过长的截止日期会导致人们缺乏紧迫感。故选C项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“They say procrastination is the thief of time — actually deadlines are. (人们说拖延是时间的小偷——实际上截止日期才是罪魁祸首)”以及第三段“specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline. (与较长的截止日期相比，指定较短的截止日期可以增加收到回复的机会)”可推知，本文主要介绍了设定截止日期的长短会影响人们做事是否拖延。D项“Deadline — the Key to Reducing Procrastination (截止日期——减少拖延的关键)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。


五、 浙江绍兴·二模（4月）
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many people volunteer their time and energy to help others. There are different ways to meet other people's needs. Some provide education while others offer adventure. Many do both. And one typical group to be introduced today are history lovers.
Every year, they offer to find or document remains of lost societies and communities. These efforts take place across the world. For example, Forest Service experts and volunteers are working in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California, looking for information about prehistoric and historic settlements of native Californians.
This kind of work interests Professor Steven Ortiz in Fort Worth Texas. Every other year, he leads an archaeological dig (考古挖掘) in Israel. The dig is at Tel Gezer, halfway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Professor Ortiz directs the activities at Tel Gezer with Samuel Wolff, an Israeli archaeologist.
The city is linked to King Solomon, who appears in the writings of different religions. The experts, students and volunteers are hoping to learn more about the ancient city of Gezer Volunteers for the digs must be eighteen, although children may take part if they are with a parent. The youngest volunteer on the team is Steven Ortiz's ten-year-old son.
Volunteers must pay for their transportation and they will face many challenges. The work takes time, patience and often muscle strength. Besides, the ground may be hard and the sun may be hot. But why do people pay to volunteer to work? “For some, the dig is a journey undertaken for religious purposes. Some just value ancient history, and they want to be a part of uncovering it.
I tend to think we attract people who think they want a cross-cultural experience. They want to do something meaningful. They want to get their hands dirty. And they want to have a fun experience touring a foreign country." said Steven.
Volunteering for the archaeological dig provides all those things, and more. “You are helping science. You are helping history. But on weekends, especially for small children, they can have fun, travel in the country and see sights they do not normally see." Steven added.
21. What can be inferred about the archaeological dig in Israel?
A. It aims to seek for historic settlements of native Californians.
B. Children can join in the dig without parents' company.
C. The dig is a challenging but meaningful journey.
D. Participants of the dig enjoy free transportation.
22. Why does the author write the passage?
A. To introduce the volunteer work of history lovers.
B. To describe children's cross-cultural experiences.
C. To analyze the significance of archaeological digs.
D. To stress experts' efforts in archaeological research.
23. What is the text?
A. A book review. B. A news program.
C. A research paper. D. An investigation report.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述并介绍了一个历史爱好者的典型群体，并对其工作等方面进行了详细介绍。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Volunteers must pay for their transportation and they will face many challenges. The work takes time, patience and often muscle strength. Besides, the ground may be hard and the sun may be hot.(志愿者必须支付他们的交通费用，他们将面临许多挑战。这项工作需要时间、耐心和肌肉力量。此外，地面可能是坚硬的，太阳可能是热的)”以及文章倒数第二段“I tend to think we attract people who think they want a cross-cultural experience(我倾向于认为我们吸引的是那些想要跨文化体验的人)”可知，这次挖掘是一次充满挑战但意义深远的旅程。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And one typical group to be introduced today are history lovers.(今天要介绍的一个典型群体是历史爱好者)”及后文对历史的爱好者在以色列的考古挖掘的工作以及面临的挑战进行具体介绍可知，作者写这篇文章是为了介绍历史爱好者的志愿者工作。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And one typical group to be introduced today are history lovers.(今天要介绍的一个典型群体是历史爱好者)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了一个历史爱好者的典型群体，更贴合新闻报道类的文章。故选B。
B
For the past five years, researchers in Hawaii and Australia have been engineering corals (珊瑚) inside a lab to see if they could better resist the effects of climate change.
The scientists say climate change linked to human causes has led to warming oceans that can harm sea life. The team tested three methods for making corals that would be strong and healthy in nature. One was selective breeding. It involves scientists choosing parents with desirable characteristics for reproductive purposes. The goal is to produce babies with the same desirable characteristics. A second method subjected the corals to increasing temperatures to condition them to be able to survive in warm ocean environments. The third involved making changes to the algae (藻类) that provides corals with necessary nutrients.
The leader of the project, University of Hawaii researcher Kira Hughes, said all the methods proved successful in the lab. She told The Associated Press that some scientists might worry such methods go against the natural processes of nature. But with the planet continuing to warm, she does not see any better options.“We have to intervene in order to make a change for coral reefs to survive into the future,” Hughes said.
When ocean temperatures rise, corals release algae that supplies nutrients and gives them color. This causes them to turn white, a process called bleaching. When his happens, corals can quickly become sick and die. But for years, scientists have been observing corals that have survived bleaching, even when others have died on the same reef. They are now centering on those healthy survivors and hoping to further increase their resistance to heat. Those corals were used as the parents for the newly created kinds.
“Corals are threatened worldwide by a lot of stressors but increasing temperature are probably the most severe.” said Crawford Drury, chier scientist al Hawaii’s Coral Resilience Lab
Rather than editing genes or creating anything unnatural, the researchers are just attempting to begin what could already happen in the ocean, Madeleine van Oppen added. In this way, she said, the team can center on a small area to keep and “enhance” what is already there.
24. What is the desirable feature of parents chosen for reproduction?
A. The resistance to increasing heat. B. The access to necessary nutrients.
C. The prevention of the coral bleaching. D. The interruption of the natural process.
25. What does the bleaching of corals mean?
A. It releases nutrients necessary for algae's growth.
B. It results in the decreasing number of corals.
C. It produces more strong and healthy corals.
D. It changes the genes of corals for survival.
26. What is the best title for the text?
A. Three Methods to Make Healthy Corals Are under Test
B. Researchers Edit Coral Genes to Improve Their Survival
C. Views Are Divided on the Development of Corals in Lab
D. Corals Are Created in Lab lo Better Resist Climate Change
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述并介绍了一个研究人员在珊瑚应对气候变化的能力方面的调查研究。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists say climate change linked to human causes has led to warming oceans that can harm sea life.(科学家们说，与人类活动有关的气候变化导致海洋变暖，从而危害海洋生物)”和第四段“They are now centering on those healthy survivors and hoping to further increase their resistance to heat. Those corals were used as the parents for the newly created kinds.(他们现在集中在那些健康的幸存者身上，希望能进一步增强他们对高温的抵抗力。这些珊瑚被用作新种类的父母)”可知，科学家们指出人类导致的气候变化使海洋变暖，海水气温升高这可能会危害海洋生物。所以，为了繁育出更坚固且健康的珊瑚，需要选择更耐热的珊瑚父母植株。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“This causes them to turn white, a process called bleaching. When his happens, corals can quickly become sick and die.(这导致它们变成白色，这个过程叫做漂白，当它发生时，珊瑚很快就会生病死亡)”可知，漂白这一现象会导致珊瑚病变且死亡。由此推知，珊瑚数量会减少。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“For the past five years, researchers in Hawaii and Australia have been engineering corals (珊瑚) inside a lab to see if they could better resist the effects of climate change.(在过去的五年里，夏威夷和澳大利亚的研究人员一直在实验室里设计珊瑚，看看它们是否能更好地抵御气候变化的影响)”可知，文章主要侧重强调气温升高对于珊瑚生长的不利影响和为了解决这一问题在实验室里所进行的研究。故选D。
C
When kids melt down in the middle of a crowded store or at a holiday dinner with extended family, it can be extremely frustrating. But parents can help kids learn self-control and teach them how to respond without just acting on impulse (冲动).
Teaching self-control is one of the most important things that parents can do for their kids because these skills are some of the most important for success later in life. By learning self-control, kids can make appropriate decisions and respond to stressful situations in ways that can yield positive outcomes. For example, if you say that you’re not serving ice cream until after dinner, your child may cry, plead, or even scream in the hopes that you will give in. But with self-control, your child can understand that a temper tantrum (发牌气) means you’ll take away the ice cream for good and that it’s wiser to wait patiently.
Difficult as it may be, resist the urge to yell when you’re disciplining your kids. Instead, be persistent and matter of fact. During a child’s meltdown, stay calm and explain that yelling, throwing a tantrum, and slamming doors are unacceptable behaviors that have consequences. Your actions will show that tantrums won’t get kids the upper hand. For example, if your child gets, upset in the grocery store after you’ve explained why you won’t buy candy, don’t give in – thus demonstrating that the tantrum was both unacceptable and ineffective. Also, consider speaking to your child’s teachers about classroom settings and appropriate behavior expectations. Ask if problem-solving is taught or demonstrated in school.
And model good self-control yourself. If you’re in an annoyed situation in front of your kids, tell them why you’re frustrated and then discuss potential solutions to the problem. For example, if you’ve misplaced your keys, instead of getting upset, tell your kids the keys are missing and then search for them together. If they don’t turn up, take the next constructive step. Show that good emotional control and problem solving are the ways to deal with a difficult situation.
27. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. Impulsive responses lead to frustration.
B. Kids’ melting down is a common phenomenon.
C. Parents should help kids make decisions appropriately.
D. Teaching kids self-control is a must for their future success.
28. What is the parents’ best attitude towards a child’s meltdown?
A. Firm and factual. B. Calm and tolerant.
C. Cautious and objective. D. Annoyed and disapproving.
29. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in paragraph 3?
A. Emotional outburst is unexpected behaviors.
B. Kids shouldn’t be responsible for their behaviors alone.
C. Temper loss won’t give the kids a position of advantage.
D. Tantrums are ineffective in interpersonal communications.
30. What message is conveyed in the last paragraph?
A. Slow and steady wins the race.
B. Good example is the best sermon.
C. Experience is the mother of wisdom.
D. Success comes from thorough self-control.
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲了对孩子而言培养自控力的重要性以及身为家长应该怎么做。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的主要内容，尤其“Teaching self-control is one of the most important things that parents can do for their kids because these skills are some of the most important for success later in life.”(教导自我控制是父母可以为孩子做的最重要的事情之一，因为这些技能对于以后的生活取得成功是最重要的)可知，本段主要讲述自控力对于孩子来说会对他们未来的成功很重要，故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Instead, be persistent and matter of fact. During a child’s meltdown, stay calm and explain that yelling, throwing a tantrum, and slamming doors are unacceptable behaviors that have consequences.”(相反，要坚持不懈，实事求是。在孩子崩溃期间，保持冷静并解释大喊大叫、发脾气和摔门是不可接受的行为，这些行为会产生后果)可知，家长需要坚持，持续不断的教育孩子自控的重要性，此外，家长需要就事论事，从实际角度考虑，故选A。
【29题详解】
猜测句意题。根据文章第三段，“Instead, be persistent and matter of fact. During a child’s meltdown, stay calm and explain that yelling, throwing a tantrum, and slamming doors are unacceptable behaviors that have consequences.”(相反，要坚持不懈，实事求是。在孩子崩溃期间，保持冷静并解释大喊大叫、发脾气和摔门是不可接受的行为，这些行为会产生后果。)以及“if your child gets, upset in the grocery store after you’ve explained why you won't buy candy, don’t give in – thus demonstrating that the tantrum was both unacceptable and ineffective.”(例如，如果你的孩子在你解释了你不买糖果的原因后在杂货店生气，不要屈服——这表明发脾气既不可接受又无效)可知，我们想要孩子知道的是，发脾气不被外人接受，也对你手头的事情没有任何的帮助。由此猜测，划线句子意为“发脾气对孩子没有好处”。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“And model good self-control yourself.”（塑造你自己的自控力）可知，这一段在讲作为家长，我们也需要塑造自己的自控力，在孩子面前做好榜样，即好榜样是最好的说教。故选B。

六、 浙江温州·二模（4月）
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Adnan, a 56-year-old father, wants to make it clear that it's not just mothers who can feel like failures in their home life. "I had the fairytale of what I'd be like as a dad," he says. "When our first child was born, I had images of all this stuff we'd do together. It didn't include pictures of sleepless nights, or every item of clothing being covered in snot and yoghurt."
He also says it doesn't get any easier with more children, because each child will have a different personality requiring different methods of parenting. "There's a fine line between child management, focusing on health and safety, and being a present dad, trying to listen to all their voices, "he says.
"No one explains that you're their protector as well as the person meeting their hygiene (卫生) factors, feeding them, listening to playground politics and building their confidence. You're the person who is the narrative in their head about how great they are."
Adnan says that though he doesn't compare himself with other parents, he still finds it hard to shake the fairytale that is firmly in his head, compared with which he always comes up short. "The continuous refereeing (调解) and the delegate decision-making go beyond anything I've done in the workplace," he says,
"I keep asking myself' Am I equipped to deal with this?' I'm a father, a counsellor (咨询师) and a coach. There's also something about being a parent in your 50 s: you don't have the physicality of your 30s."
1. What was Adnan's "fairytale"?
A. To be a father of many children. B. To raise the children with his wife.
C. To experience parenting hardships. D. To enjoy the fantastic role of a parent.
2. What makes it no easier to raise more children?
A. Having more sleepless nights. B. Meeting children's hygiene factors.
C. Tailoring parenting to fit children. D. Focusing on kids' health and safety problems.
3. What can be learnt about Adnan from paragraph 4?
A. He thinks parenting affects work. B. He does better than other parents.
C. He falls short of kids' expectation. D. He finds being a dad quite challenging.
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了50岁的Adnan，像许多家庭中的妈妈一样，承担着育儿的重任及其中的各种艰辛。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I had the fairytale of what I'd be like as a dad.When our first child was born, I had images of all this stuff we'd do together. It didn't include pictures of sleepless nights, or every item of clothing being covered in snot and yoghurt. (我有一个当父亲的童话。当我们的第一个孩子出生时，我想象着我们一起做的事情。它不包括不眠之夜的照片，也不包括每一件沾满鼻涕和酸奶的衣服。)”可知，Adnan的“fairytale”与育儿有关，而且不是关于日夜不眠的照顾等令人心烦的事情，说明Adnan 乐在其中。D选项“享受父母的奇妙角色”符合文意，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He also says it doesn't get any easier with more children, because each child will have a different personality requiring different methods of parenting. (他还说，孩子越多越难，因为每个孩子都有不同的个性，需要不同的教育方法。)”可知，因为孩子的个性不同，育儿方式也不同，需要因材施教。C选项“为孩子量身定制合适的育儿方式”符合文意，故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“ he still finds it hard to shake the fairytale that is firmly in his head, compared with which he always comes up short. (他仍然发现很难摆脱牢牢印在他脑海中的童话，相比之下，他总是达不到。)”可知，他发现现实与他想象的童话中的育儿是有差距的。以及“The continuous refereeing (调解) and the delegate decision-making go beyond anything I've done in the workplace(持续的调节和授权决策超越了我在工作场所所做的任何事情)”可知，育儿并不是一件容易的事情。D选项“他发现当一个好爸爸是极具挑战性的”符合文意，故选D。
B
If you look up in the sky, you probably see, at some point, an aircraft. And behind that aircraft are white, fluffy streaks (条纹). And that's what we call a contrail. Contrails are made up of ice crystals that form when aircraft engines emit exhaust (废气) that hits the cold air.
The ice crystals reflect incoming light from the sun back into space, which has a cooling effect on the atmosphere. But the contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground from escaping into space. It is reflected back down toward the ground. And so that's a warming effect. Stettler, an engineer from Imperial College London, says, on balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. And that's mainly because the cooling effect due to reflecting of sunlight can only happen during the day, when the sun's shining, whereas the warming effect due to trapping of outgoing heat happens all of the time.
How long do contrails last? This depends on the atmospheric conditions at the altitude where a plane is flying. Some contrails can form clouds that last for up to 18 hours. During that time, they spread out, trapping even more heat. This process allows contrails to warm the planet about as much as the carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft.
But when Stettler and his team analyzed flight data they obtained of Japan airspace, they found that most contrail warming was caused by just 2 percent of flights. And most of those flights originated in the late afternoon because as the sun goes down, cooling can no longer offset (抵消) the warming. And the warming effect continues to exist throughout the evening into the night. But what if the contrails that contribute the most to warming could be got rid of?
4. What does "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A cooling effect. B. Heat from the ground.
C. Light from the sun. D. Exhaust hitting the cold air.
5. What can be learned about contrails?
A. They can easily disappear in the air.
B. They actually contribute to global warming.
C. Their cooling effect happens all of the time.
D. Their warming effect is usually overlooked.
6. What is most likely to be talked about next?
A. A future plan for Japan airspace. B. The negative influence of contrails.
C. Other potential causes of contrails. D. A possible way to remove contrails.
【4~6题答案】
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了飞机引擎排放的废气与冷空气相遇时形成的冰晶构成的飞机尾迹以及它的温室效应。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“But the contrails also stop heat coming up from the ground
from escaping into space. It is reflected back down toward the ground. (但是飞机尾迹也阻止来自地面的热量逃往太空,它被反射回了地面)”可知，代词it 指的是来自地面的热量。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Stettler, an engineer from Imperial College London, says, on balance, contrails warm the atmosphere more than they cool it. (伦敦帝国理工学院的工程师Stettler说，总的来说，飞机尾迹使大气变暖多于变冷)”和第三段“This process allows contrails to warm the planet about as much as the carbon dioxide emissions from aircraft.(这个过程使得飞机尾迹使地球变暖的程度相当于飞机排放的二氧化碳)”可知，飞机尾迹会导致气候变暖。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话“But what if the contrails that contribute the most to warming could be got rid of?(但是如果对气候变暖贡献最大的飞机尾迹可以被消除会怎样？)”可推断，下一段会承接上文，继续讲消除飞机尾迹的方法。D选项“消除尾迹的一种可能方法。”与之相符，故选D。
C
When Mexican scientist of the evolution of animal behavior, Laura Cuaya, moved to Hungary for her postdoctoral studies in Budapest, she brought her pet dog, Kun-kun, along for the ride. Cuaya couldn't help noticing how locals warmed to dogs. This prompted her naturally curious scientific mind to start asking questions. “Here people are talking all the time to Kun-kun, but I always wonder if Kun-kun can recognize that people in Budapest speak Hungarian, not Spanish?” So she set out to find an answer through a scientific study.
Cuaya and her colleagues decided to use brain images from MRI scanning to shed light on her hunch. They worked with dogs of various ages that had, until the experiment, only heard their owners speak just one of the two languages, Spanish or Hungarian. Not surprisingly, getting the dogs to happily take part in the experiment took some creative coaxing and animal training! The researchers first needed to teach Kun-kun and her 17 fellow participating dogs including a labradoodle, a golden retriever and Australian shepherds, to lie still in a brain scanner. Their pet parents were always present, and they could leave the scanner at any point.
The research team played children's book classic The Little Prince in both Spanish and Hungarian while scanning the dogs' brains with an MRI machine. They were looking for evidence that their brains reacted differently to a familiar and unfamiliar language. The researchers also played scrambled versions of the story to find out if dogs could distinguish between speech and non-speech.
The images reveal that dogs' brains show different patterns of activity for an unfamiliar language than for a familiar one—the first time anyone has proved, researchers say, that a non-human brain can distinguish between two languages. This means that the sounds and rhythms of a familiar language are accessible to non-humans.
Interestingly, the team also found that the brains of older dogs were more skilled at detecting speech “suggesting a role for the amount of language exposure”. They suggest that dogs have refined their ability to distinguish between human languages over the long process of domestication.
7. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A. The background of the study. B. The significance of the study.
C. The concern of the researcher. D. The introduction to the researcher.
8. What did Cuaya consider when choosing dogs for study?
A. Age limits. B. Brain patterns. C. Language exposure. D. Owners' commands.
9. The results of the study are ________.
A. practical B. contradictory C. compromising D. groundbreaking
10. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Dogs Can Tell Foreign Languages B. Dog Brains Have Different Patterns
C. Old Dogs Know More About Human Speech D. Dogs Can Differ Speech From Non-Speech
【7~10题答案】
【答案】7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了墨西哥科学家Laura Cuaya经过研究发现，狗可以区分不同的语言。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Mexican scientist of the evolution of animal behavior, Laura Cuaya, moved to Hungary for her postdoctoral studies in Budapest, she brought her pet dog, Kun-kun, along for the ride. Cuaya couldn't help noticing how locals warmed to dogs. This prompted her naturally curious scientific mind to start asking questions. “Here people are talking all the time to Kun-kun, but I always wonder if Kun-kun can recognize that people in Budapest speak Hungarian, not Spanish?” So she set out to find an answer through a scientific study.(当研究动物行为进化的墨西哥科学家Laura Cuaya去匈牙利布达佩斯做博士后研究时，她带着她的宠物狗昆昆一起去了。Cuaya不禁注意到当地人对狗的热情。这促使她天生好奇的科学头脑开始提出问题。“在这里，人们一直在和昆昆交谈，但我总在想，昆昆能不能认出布达佩斯人说的是匈牙利语，而不是西班牙语？”因此，她开始通过科学研究来寻找答案)”可知，第一段主要讲的是研究开展的背景。故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They worked with dogs of various ages that had, until the experiment, only heard their owners speak just one of the two languages, Spanish or Hungarian.(在实验之前，他们对不同年龄的狗进行研究，这些狗的主人只会说西班牙语或匈牙利语这两种语言中的一种)”可知，Cuaya在选择研究狗时考虑了语言接触。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The images reveal that dogs' brains show different patterns of activity for an unfamiliar language than for a familiar one—the first time anyone has proved, researchers say, that a non-human brain can distinguish between two languages.(研究人员说，这些图像显示，狗的大脑对陌生的语言和熟悉的语言表现出不同的活动模式——这是第一次有人证明，非人类的大脑可以区分两种语言)”可推知，研究结果具有突破性。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The images reveal that dogs' brains show different patterns of activity for an unfamiliar language than for a familiar one—the first time anyone has proved, researchers say, that a non-human brain can distinguish between two languages. This means that the sounds and rhythms of a familiar language are accessible to non-humans.(研究人员说，这些图像显示，狗的大脑对陌生的语言和熟悉的语言表现出不同的活动模式——这是第一次有人证明，非人类的大脑可以区分两种语言。这意味着一种熟悉的语言的声音和节奏对非人类来说是可以理解的)”结合文章主要说明了墨西哥科学家Laura Cuaya经过研究发现，狗可以区分不同的语言。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。可知，A选项“狗能辨别外语”最符合文章标题。故选A。

七、 浙江金华十校·二模（4月）
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On a bitter cold Sunday morning just outside New York City, a group of women — all moms, many strangers to one another — gathered for their very first group scream.
Jessica Kline, the publisher of Macaroni KID Clifton-Montclair, organized the mom screaming event in her community. Two years of a pandemic, burdened with the stresses of childcare and school disruptions (中断), have left many parents drained. A new CBS News poll finds nearly half of parents report feeling exhausted or frustrated.
Kline told correspondent Meg Oliver that over the last two years, she’s often felt overwhelmed and isolated. When the pandemic started, she had three children under the age of six at home. “My house felt narrow；I felt like the walls were caving in on me,” she said. “And I just felt like there was no place to go.”
As the women gathered and screamed on this day in Verona Park, in Verona, N.J, caved emotions poured out. They got a great sense of relief. “I love my kids dearly, but it is nice to just be able to go and be in a community of moms.” One woman laughed.
Psychologist Lisa Damour, a CBS News contributor, said these screaming events can be a healthy way to express and release emotion. “It offers relief. It’s important to talk about the uglier sides of parenthood, to make parents feel less alone and ashamed.”
Kline hopes this is just the beginning of mom gatherings in her community. She said, “I hope that moms walked away with a sense of self-care, even if it’s just for a little bit, and a positive memory that they can bring with them after this entire chaos.”
1. Why did the moms join in the screaming event?
A. To, exchange their parenting skills. B. To keep themselves from loneliness.
C. To seek help from a psychologist. D. To let out their negative emotions.
2. Which may be a quote from the screaming moms?
A. “I feel so guilty for being a full time mother.”
B. “Keeping my kids entertained throughout the day is fun.”
C. “I just work, and my daughter — I have no time for me.”
D. “I don’t want to be away from my kids even for a little while!”
3. What can be inferred about the screaming event?
A. It greatly strengthened the mom-kid bond.
B. More such events will be organized nationwide.
C. The parenting skills of working moms are poor.
D. Moms felt good and grateful for this opportunity.
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为妈妈们组织的一次集体尖叫活动。两年的疫情期间，居家陪伴孩子的妈妈们，心理上已经接近崩溃。通过这样的活动，可以释放妈妈的负面情绪，让她们能够轻松些。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Psychologist Lisa Damour, a CBS News contributor, said these screaming events can be a healthy way to express and release emotion.(哥伦比亚广播公司新闻撰稿人、心理学家丽莎·达穆尔说，这些尖叫事件是一种表达和释放情绪的健康方式)”可知，妈妈们参加这次活动主要是为了释放内心的负面情绪。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“They got a great sense of relief. “I love my kids dearly, but it is nice to just be able to go and be in a community of moms.” One woman laughed.(她们感到如释重负。“我非常爱我的孩子，但能去和妈妈们在一起感觉很好。”一个女人笑了)”可知，妈妈们心里压力很大，需要独处的空间。再根据最后一段“She said, “I hope that moms walked away with a sense of self-care, even if it’s just for a little bit, and a positive memory that they can bring with them after this entire chaos.”(她说：“我希望妈妈们在离开时能有一种自我照顾的意识，即使只是一点点，在经历了这整个混乱之后，她们能带来一个积极的记忆。”)”可知，妈妈们需要对自己有更多关爱。从而推断选项C“I just work, and my daughter—I have no time for me.(我只工作，只为女儿，没有自己的时间)”可能是尖叫的妈妈们说的话。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It offers relief. It’s important to talk about the uglier sides of parenthood, to make parents feel less alone and ashamed.”(它让我们情绪得到了释放。谈论为人父母的丑陋一面很重要，这样可以让父母不那么孤独和羞愧)”可推断，妈妈们觉得这样的活动很好，可以使她们的情绪得到释放。故选D。
B
Amazon is closing all of its brick-and-mortar(实体的)bookstores, as well as its 4-star shops and pop-up locations, as the online retail(零售)giant reworks its physical footprint.
The Seattle-based company said that the move will enable it to concentrate its efforts on Amazon Fresh, Whole Foods Market, Amazon Go and its upcoming Amazon Style stores. Amazon Style, which will sell fashion and accessories, is set to open in a Southern California mall later this year. “We remain engaged in building great, long-term physical retail experiences and technologies and we’re working closely with our affected employees to help them find new roles within Amazon,” the company said in a statement.
Amazon opened its first brick-and-mortar bookstore in 2015, two decades after it began selling books online and helped drive many traditional book shops out of business. Amazon’s 4-star shops, which made their debut in 2018, carry a limited selection of best-selling products from top categories that Amazon. com sells, including consumer electronics, toys and games.
The move comes as Amazon. com Inc.’s overall financial growth is slowing as a result of supply-chain difficulties and labor shortages, and it’s looking for new ways to increase sales.
Amazon also is raising its annual Prime membership fee in the U.S. to S139 per year from $119. It’s the first price hike for the Prime membership since 2018.
Neil Saunders, managing director of GlobalData Retail, said the bookstore strategy comes as a surprise. He said he believes it’s an acknowledgement that the bookstores weren’t delivering the returns Amazon was seeking.
Saunders said he thinks the main problem with Amazon’s non-food stores is that they lacked a real purpose even though the goods was well presented. “They were designed for people to pop in and browse rather than as destinations where people would head on a mission to buy something.”
4. What does Amazon say about its bookstore strategy?
A. Bookstores nowadays are not profitable enough.
B. No more brick-and-mortar stores will be opened.
C. The affected employees can still work in Amazon.
D. The supply-chain of best-selling books is a headache.
5. What does the underlined word “debut” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Profit B. Choice. C. Advertisement D. Appearance.
6. Which may be the most important for a store according to Saunders?
A. Well-presented goods. B. A purposeful design.
C. High membership fees. D. Attractive sales promotion.
【4~6题答案】
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商业巨头亚马逊关闭了其所有的实体书店，文章就亚马逊实体书店的出现以及最终关闭给出了一些看法。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We remain engaged in building great, long-term physical retail experiences and technologies and we’re working closely with our affected employees to help them find new roles within Amazon,” the company said in a statement.(该公司在一份声明中表示：“我们仍致力于打造优秀的、长期的实体零售体验和技术，我们正与受影响的员工密切合作，帮助他们在亚马逊内部找到新的角色。”)”可知，受影响员工还会在亚马逊公司工作。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词后半句“carry a limited selection of best-selling products from top categories that Amazon. com sells, including consumer electronics, toys and games.(从亚马逊网上销售的畅销产品中选出有限的产品，包括电子产品、玩具和游戏。)”可知，亚马逊的四星级书店于2018年首次亮相。所以debut为“出现，亮相”之意。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““They were designed for people to pop in and browse rather than as destinations where people would head on a mission to buy something.”(“它们的设计目的是让人们进去浏览而不是让人们去购买。”)”可知，Saunders认为，商店有目标的设计很重要。故选B。
C
Human innovation (创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades. Within a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer without a resupply. But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter. Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.
One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics, the practice of hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots. By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes (使最优化) growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane (充气膜) that is also 3D-printed. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
7. In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to____________.
A. present a topic B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. propose a definition
8. Which of the following best describes Biopods?
A. They are widely used for space exploration.
B. They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
C. They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
D. They are deigned to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
9. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Food Consumption in Space Station B. Space Exploration with BioPods
C. Growing Food in Space Pods D. 3D Printers Used in Space Lab
10. What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPod?
A. Positive. B. Cautious. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
【7~10题答案】
【答案】7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家公司开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在太空舱里种植植物，为宇航员提供食物。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.(只有开发出创新和可靠的方法，为人类提供足够的空气、水和食物，这才有可能实现)”及下文“可以在太空舱里种植植物的先进闭环系统”的内容可推断，作者写作第一段是为了引出在太空舱里可以种植食物的方法这一主题。故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. (他们称他们的人工智能管理温室为BioPods，它们的设计非常高效。事实上，星际实验室声称，BioPods可以将生产食物所需的土地和水的数量减少99%)”和第三段“According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.(根据星际实验室的数据，BioPod种植的植物比传统种植的植物产量高300倍，只需少量的水)”可知，BioPods是高产和高效的温室。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space.(一家公司，星际实验室开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一家公司开发了一种先进的闭环系统，可以在太空舱里种植植物，为宇航员提供食物。所以“Growing Food in Space Pods(在太空舱里种植食物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water. (通过使用空气种植法，BioPod系统谨慎地节约用水，取得了惊人的效果。根据星际穿实验室的说法，BioPod种植的植物比传统种植的植物产量高300倍，只需要少量的水)”、第四段“The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space. (BioPod内部的条件是由人工智能控制的，它可以改变从照明到温度和湿度的任何东西，以最大限度地提高生长。这优化了生长条件，无论外部环境如何，包括空间的空旷)”、第五段“The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too.(这种BioPods本身也几乎可以在任何环境下建造)”和最后一段“Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.(像大多数为太空探索而开发的技术一样，在地球上，即使在最恶劣的环境中，BioPods也可以用来提供高效的食物生产系统)”可推断，作者认为BioPod有许多优点，所以对BioPod的态度是积极的。故选A。

八、 浙江金华十校·一模（11月）
第一节(共10个小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many festivals take place in the Caribbean area, and Martinique, an island belonging to France, is no exception. One of the best things about living here is the great number of events and festivals, which take place throughout the year, all over the island. While it s hard to go to every festival, there is one event that you definitely can't miss. As soon as the Christmas festivities draw to a close and decorations are finally taken down, preparations begin for Carnival, the biggest and most exciting event of the year.
Having never experienced Carnival in the Caribbean before, I was excited to see Martinique come alive in Carnival spirit. True to my expectations, the celebrations were loud and had a lot of energy. For five days, the streets of Fort de France were filled with huge crowds, beautiful costumes and exciting music. Daily routines were completely abandoned while everyone took to the streets with crazy dance moves. In Martinique, Carnival is a celebration that brings people together, regardless of their age, race or religion. Everybody is united in this great celebration of life. An interesting aspect of Carnival for me was to see how many different cultural influences there were. The performances of people dancing in the street strongly reflected African dance, while the costumes were European. The music was also a unique mix of West African, Caribbean and European influences.
So, what are the roots of Martinique’s culture? Most of the population of Martinique are of African descent (后裔）.The history dates back to Africans who were brought to the Caribbean as slaves. After the end of slavery, many Caribbean societies welcomed forms of African culture and identity. Once controlled by France, Martinique is also deeply influenced by French culture. This is what makes the island, along with Guadeloupe, different from other Caribbean islands.
1. We can learn from the text that the Carnival ________.
A. lasts for a week every year
B. takes place before Christmas
C. is the biggest event in Martinique
D. is celebrated by young people in Martinique
2. What is an interesting part of the Carnival for the author?
A. The mix of different cultures. B. The amazing performances.
C. The beautiful costumes. D. The wonderful music.
3. The last paragraph of the text mainly tells us about ________.
A. the history of slavery in Martinique B. the origin of Martinique's culture
C. the population of Martinique D. France’s influence on Martinique
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马提尼克岛的狂欢节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“As soon as the Christmas festivities draw to a close and decorations are finally taken down, preparations begin for Carnival, the biggest and most exciting event of the year.（当圣诞节庆祝活动接近尾声，装饰品最终被取下时，狂欢节的准备工作就开始了，这是一年中最大、最令人兴奋的活动。）”可知，狂欢节是马提尼克岛最盛大的活动。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“An interesting aspect of Carnival for me was to see how many different cultural influences there were.（对我来说，狂欢节有一个有趣的方面，那就是看到有多少不同的文化影响。）”可知，对作者来说狂欢节有趣的部分是不同文化的融合。故选A。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“So, what are the roots of Martinique’s culture?（那么，马提尼克岛文化的根源是什么?）”可知，本段主要是讲的马提尼克岛文化的起源，即“the origin of Martinique's culture”。故选B。
B
Scientists have found that the connections between humans and their dogs have the Same biochemical basis as the mother-child bond, and it's strengthened by the same thing: a gaze (注视).
A new study in Science, led by Takefumi Kikusui of Azabu University in Japan, carried out a series of experiments that examined the impact of the gaze in the dogs and their owners. “Our data suggest that owner-dog bonding is similar to human parent-child bonding,” Kikusui said. “And this is surprising to us because there is not a mother-baby relationship between humans and dogs, but both of them have acquired similar skills.”
The researchers found that when owners and their dogs gazed into one another’s eyes during a 30-minute period, levels of oxytocin (催产素）increased in both the humans and the dogs. Oxytocin is a chemical associated with trust and maternal (母性的）bonding — it increases when you’re close to someone you love and gives you that warm feeling. Kikusui aid he believed the gaze was learned by dogs as part of their efforts to communicate and form social bonds with humans.
The latest studies have shown that dogs probably evolved from wolves about 15,000 years ago,in Europe. Interestingly, Kikusui didn't find the same oxytocin response in wolves and their owners. “These results suggest that wolves do not use gazes as a form of social communication with humans, which might be expected because wolves tend to use eye contact as a threat，” the researchers wrote.
Duke university’s Evan MacLean and Brian Hare said, “This is particularly true when it comes to how dogs understand the social world. Even as young dogs, they naturally respond to human gestures, such as pointing cues, to find hidden food or toy rewards.”
MacLean said he felt the Japanese study strengthens the idea that the human-dog relationship is like a parent-child relationship and could help explain the biological basis that are involved in the use of dogs in medicine to treat some diseases or various forms of stress.
“If it turns out there are benefits of using oxytocin for some of these disabilities, using assistance dogs will actually be a fairly natural way to cause the system to start working,” he said. “There may be some sort of medicinal value of our communication with dogs that we could use.”
4. What probably caused different oxytocin responses between dogs and wolves?
A. Different types of evolution.
B. Different social bonds with humans.
C. Different understanding of the social world.
D. Different forms of communication wilh humans.
5. What may MacLean suggest people do?
A. Make use of dogs in medical treatment.
B. Understand how dogs communicate with humans.
C. Use Oxytocin to strengthen parent-child relationship.
D. Train dogs to respond to human gestures in a natural way.
6. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. The Powerful Effect of Oxytocin
B. The Differences Between Dogs and Wolves
C. Dogs Develop Special Communication Skills
D. Dogs and People Bond Through Eye Contact
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家们发现，人类和狗狗之间的联系有着与母子关系相同的生化基础，而且这种联系可以通过凝视得到加强。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“These results suggest that wolves do not use gazes as a form of social communication with humans, which might be expected because wolves tend to use eye contact as a threat（这些结果表明，狼并不把目光作为与人类进行社会交流的一种形式，这可能是意料之中的，因为狼倾向于用眼神交流来威胁人类 ）”和第五段的“Even as young dogs, they naturally respond to human gestures, such as pointing cues, to find hidden food or toy rewards（即使是年幼的狗，它们也会自然地对人类的手势做出反应，比如指向线索，寻找隐藏的食物或玩具奖励。）”可知，狗和狼与人类交流的不同形式可能导致了催产素的不同反应，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“MacLean said he felt the Japanese study strengthens the idea that the human-dog relationship is like a parent-child relationship and could help explain the biological basis that are involved in the use of dogs in medicine to treat some diseases or various forms of stress.（麦克林说，他认为日本的这项研究强化了人狗关系就像亲子关系的观点，并有助于解释在医学上使用狗治疗某些疾病或各种压力的生物学基础。）”可知，MacLean可能会建议人们利用狗进行医疗。故选A。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists have found that the connections between humans and their dogs have the Same biochemical basis as the mother-child bond, and it's strengthened by the same thing: a gaze (注视).（科学家们发现，人类和狗狗之间的联系有着与母子关系相同的生化基础，而且这种联系可以通过同一件事得到加强:凝视。）”可知，本文主要讲的是人和狗之间通过注视进行交流，因此D选项Dogs and People Bond Through Eye Contact（狗和人通过眼神交流建立联系）概况了全文内容，可作为最好的题目，故选D。
C
Matt Doogue, 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects -- and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting “rock bottom.” “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (妄想的）and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more 一 and that’s when I started photography."
Now a clad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined 一 and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a “calming effect” that helped him to “disconnect” from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this ‘man-up’ approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue. “This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”
7. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Why Doogue became pessimistic.
B. Why Doogue took up photography.
C. How Doogue fell in depression.
D. How serious his depression was.
8. According to Doogue, what leads Scottish men to develop mental health problems?
A. The approach they adopt to solve problems.
B. The absence of love for their life and work.
C. The idea that men are supposed to be strong.
D. The concern that they get disconnected from people.
9. How did photography help Doogue?
A. It equipped him with life-saving skills.
B. It helped him to get away from pressure.
C. It offered him a different way to express himself.
D. It gave him a chance to show his love for nature.
10. What is the main intention of the author in writing this passage?
A. To describe the seriousness of mental problems.
B. To introduce the benefits of nature photography.
C. To share Doogue’s experience of beating depression.
D. To encourage the readers to find their love for nature.
【答案】7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过摄影摆脱了自己的抑郁症。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more -- and that’s when I started photography.（我去了医生和治疗,但我知道我需要更多的东西——就是那个时候我开始摄影。）”可知，第一段主要讲Doogue为什么选择摄影。故选B。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““I think the problem is this ‘man-up’ approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,” says Doogue.（“我认为问题在于这种‘男子汉’的方法；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性带来了巨大的压力，让他们时刻保持健康，”杜格说。）”可知，根据杜格的研究，是男人应该是强壮的观念导致苏格兰男性出现心理健康问题。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well.（尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀“流行病”之中，但他相信，分享他对自然摄影的热爱，也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。）”可知，摄影帮助Doogue摆脱了压力。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章介绍了34岁的自然摄影师Matt Doogue之前患上抑郁症，是摄影带他转为健康。所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是分享Doogue战胜抑郁的经验。故选C。

九、 浙江宁波·一模（11月）
第一节（共10小题, 每小题2.5分，满分2S分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
I love to study art history and develop my skill at creating art But I work full-time as a recovery doctor, so I have the chance to use art as expression and healing. For almost six years, I have been rolling my “Art Cart” that I built down the hails; of the hospital, where I make the young patients who are receiving terrible medical treatment create art.
On these visits, I bring my art part filled with everything from colored pencils to markers and more. I want to act as an “Artist Buddy” to bring kids some relief while they are waiting for or receiving treatment.
When I began doing this, at first the parents were a bit leery and showed little interest in it. But now they are excited to see the benefits of art expression and the way it lifts the children spirits. It gives them a sense of achievement and self-control, and helps lift their souls in their situation. And time after time, the parents themselves create art which gives them relief from the stresses of seeing their children in a most difficult situation. Besides, I just love being there. This work keeps me gratefully balanced and has a great effect on my mood.
This is a great chance that allows me to go down there and be a part of those kids’ treatment. And I get to know these kids because they are there very often. The children’s eyes light up when they see me and the art cart. A six-year-old boy was receiving treatment for his leukemia and we were immersed in some art activity. His mother was present and nearby. After a while, this young boy looked at his mother with excitement and said, “Mom, I promise I am going to try not to play video games too much. And I’d like to do more art. Art makes my head feel better.”
1. The author rolls the “Art Cart” in the hospital to ________.
A. put his idea of art into practice
B. get children involved in creating art
C. gain profits from the parents of the sick children
D. relieve children^ anxiety about medical treatment
2. The underlined word “leery” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”.
A. annoyed B. thankful C. delighted D. suspicious
3. The purpose of using the example of a 6-year-old boy is to ________.
A. praise the boy for being brave
B. praise the mother for being caring
C. prove the value of art in medical treatment
D. prove the efforts of the writer in his art work
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者是一名康复医生，热爱艺术，喜欢将艺术创作融入到病人的治疗中。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“For almost six years, I have been rolling my “Art Cart” that I built down the hails; of the hospital, where I make the young patients who are receiving terrible medical treatment create art.（近六年来，我一直在推着我自己造的 “艺术车”往下走;在这里，我让那些接受糟糕治疗的年轻病人创作艺术。）”和第二段的“I want to act as an “Artist Buddy” to bring kids some relief while they are waiting for or receiving treatment.（我想做一个“艺术家兄弟”，在孩子们等待或接受治疗的时候给他们带来一些安慰。） ”可知，作者在医院滚动“艺术车”，缓解儿童对医疗的焦虑，故选D。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的“and showed little interest in it.（也不怎么感兴趣）”及后面的“But now they are excited to see the benefits of art expression and the way it lifts the children spirits.（但现在他们兴奋地看到了艺术表达的好处和它提升孩子精神的方 式。）”可知，刚开始的时候家长们是对此表示怀疑的，因此划线词leery的意思是“怀疑的”，即suspicious，故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“After a while, this young boy looked at his mother with excitement and said, “Mom, I promise I am going to try not to play video games too much. And I’d like to do more art. Art makes my head feel better.”（过了一会儿，这个小男孩兴奋地看 着妈妈说:“妈妈，我保证我会尽量不玩太多电子游戏的。我想做更多的艺术。艺术让我的头脑感觉更好。”） ”可知，作者用一个6岁男孩的例子来证明艺术在医疗中的价值，故选C。
B
Do you remember playing stickball or jumping rope in the street? Neighborhood streets used to be children^ playgrounds, but traffic was the problem. Now one organization wants to bring those back to kids by temporarily closing local streets to traffic and letting kids play outside.
Playing is important but community buildings end the fun. So here came Play Streets. It began in Bristol in 2009 with just one street Encouraged by the success, the idea grew. It really took off in 2011 with support from The Funding Network and now thousands of people across the UK are taking part in the activity and playing in the streets. Later, Play Streets became a global movement and moved across the pond to US communities in San Francisco, Chicago and Seattle. Now Play Streets is spreading like wildfire.
“Our society has changed and communities are having higher levels of isolation than ever before and kids aren’t playing outside as much either. But Play Streets gives people a place to have street meetings and parties, or simply a place to play for a few hours,” Valli Morphett, the chief executive of CoDesign Studios said.
You can bring Play Streets to your street in your neighborhood too. Get a group of neighbors together to organize activities and you can even ask local schools to help plan your activities. But you just can't put up a sign and close your street to traffic. Before you start you should consider the following question to make sure Play Streets will go well. Is the local government supportive? You should handle the necessary paperwork with the local government so that rules are followed. The local government is normally receptive to the activity and likely to make it easy to close the street. Once the permit has been approved, ifs time for fun. Gather a kit of toys and supplies, get the word out, and get each organizer to take on a role to share the load.
4. What is the initial intention of Play Streets?
A. To bring fun of play back to children.
B. To reduce the inconvenience caused by traffic.
C. To help children strike a balance between study and play.
D. To remind people of the days when various sports were played outside
5. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The origin of Play Streets. B. The reason for Play Streets.
C. The support for Play Streets. D. The development of Play Streets.
6. What can we learn about Play Streets according to Valli Morphett?
A. Play Streets forces children to play outside as before.
B. Play Streets encourages people to have meetings and parties.
C. Play Streets provides people with space for physical education.
D. Play Streets strengthens the bonds between people in the neighborhood.
7. What should be done to bring Play Streets to your community?
A. Relying on local schools to organize activities.
B. Winning the approval of the local government.
C. Spreading the idea of Play Streets among people.
D. Ensuring safety in the community by putting up signs.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍“玩街”在社区建设中的兴起，包括它的由来和发展。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Now one organization wants to bring those back to kids by temporarily closing local streets to traffic and letting kids play outside.（现在，一个组织希望通过暂时关闭当地街道交通，让孩子们在外面玩耍，把这些东西还给孩子们）”和第二段的“Playing is important but community buildings end the fun. So here came Play Streets.（玩游戏很重要，但社区建设会终结乐趣。因此“玩街”出现了）”推知，“玩街”的最初目的是为孩子们带来游戏的乐趣。故选A。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“It began in Bristol in 2009（它始于2009年的布里斯托尔）...It really took off in 2011（它在2011年真正开始腾飞）...Later, Play Streets became a global movement（后来，“玩街”运动成为一项全球性运动）...Now Play Streets is spreading like wildfire（现在玩街像野火一样蔓延开来）”可知，本段主要是关于玩街的发展，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Our society has changed and communities are having higher levels of isolation than ever before and kids aren’t playing outside as much either. But Play Streets gives people a place to have street meetings and parties, or simply a place to play for a few hours（我们的社会已经发生了变化，社区的孤立程度比以往任何时候都要高，孩子们也不怎么在外面玩了。但“玩街”给人们提供了一个举行街头会议和派对的地方，或者只是一个玩几个小时的地方）”推知，玩街加强了邻里之间的联系。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“You should handle the necessary paperwork with the local government so that rules are followed. The local government is normally receptive to the activity and likely to make it easy to close the street. Once the permit has been approved, ifs time for fun.（你应该和当地政府处理必要的文书工作，以便遵守规定。当地政府通常会接受这种活动，很可能会让关闭这条街道变得容易。一旦许可证被批准，就可以玩了）”可知，要将“玩街”引入你的社区，应该要获得当地政府的批准。故选B。
C
Have you ever taken a taxi? In the past, doing so meant finding one, flagging it down and telling the driver where you wanted to go, paying, and possibly, adding a tip. And while this still happens, it is less common than it used to be. These days, it is much easier to open a ride-hailing (打车) app. All of the boring stuff gets taken care of. It is a perfect solution!
Except that it isn’t. A recent report from urban transport consultant Bruce Schaller who spent the last four years studying traffic flow in New York, concluded that the use of these app-based journeys is causing traffic jams. The 81% increase in these city-based rides means that there are now five times more of them than the iconic yellow taxicab. “It’s the shift in passage from public transport/，he told the BBC. “That means moving people from larger vehicles into smaller ones, which means more vehicles to move the same people. Therefore, more traffic.”
“They are out there in force at the worst possible times,n said Prof Christo Wilson, a computer scientist at Northeastern University, who has also studied the services. He referred to Uber’s traffic data, which perfectly match the peaks for the rush hour. He also added that the low fares and convenience mean that people are ordering rides to go from A to B when they wouldn’t normally. Both help contribute to the congestion (拥堵).
So what can be done to stop traffic from backing up or bottlenecking? One solution involves combining ride-hailing with sharing. Many ride-hailing companies, such as Uber and Didi Chuxing, enable customers to carpool. This allows travelers who share similar destinations to share the journey. The app enables drivers to pick up passengers halfway, which means more streamlined traffic, and less time spent with an empty vehicle.
Could this decongest the world's jam-packed roads? It is certainly one solution. But maybe we shouldn't be so quick to dismiss the more traditional public transport options. “Congestion is a really complicated issued said Adrew Salzberg, from Uber. “There is no more efficient way to move people around than public transport,” he added. So don't do away with that bus pass just yet.
8. What do Bruce Schaller and Christo Wilson have in common?
A. They both think highly of the public transport.
B. They both worry about the wide use of ride-hailing apps.
C. They both believe that congestion is too difficult to solve.
D. They both agree that congestion results partly from reduced riding cost
9. What is suggested by Andrew Salzberg?
A. Taking public transport if possible.
B. Using ride-hailing apps in a wise way.
C. Abandoning taking public transport now.
D. Sharing vehicles with passengers with similar destinations.
10. What is the text mainly about?
A. Traffic is getting worse. B. Technology counts in the future.
C. Ride-hailing apps make terrible jams. D. Efforts are needed to improve road jams.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，叫车应用实际上增加了交通拥堵，并提出了防止交通堵塞的方法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“A recent report from urban transport consultant Bruce Schaller, who spent the last four years studying traffic flow in New York, concluded that the use of these app-based journeys is causing traffic jams.（城市交通顾问布鲁斯·夏勒(Bruce Schaller)在过去四年里一直在研究纽约的交通状况，他在最近的一份报告中得出结论，使用这些基于应用程序的出行正在造成交通堵塞。）”和第三段的“He referred to Uber’s traffic data, which perfectly match the peaks for the rush hour. He also added that the low fares and convenience mean that people are ordering rides to go from A to B when they wouldn’t normally. Both help contribute to the congestion.（他提到了优步的交通数据，这些数据与高峰时间的高峰完全吻合。他还补充说，低廉的票价和便捷的交通意味着，人们现在会预订从A地到B地的航班，而通常情况下他们不会这么做。两者都助长了交通拥堵。）”可知，Bruce Schaller和Christo Wilson的共同点是他们都对打车应用的广泛使用感到担忧，担心引起交通拥堵，故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There is no more efficient way to move people around than public transport（没有比公共交通工具更有效的交通工具了）”可知，Andrew Salzberg建议如果可能的话，乘坐公共交通工具，故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“A recent report from urban transport consultant Bruce Schaller, who spent the last four years studying traffic flow in New York, concluded that the use of these app-based journeys is causing traffic jams.（城市交通顾问布鲁斯·夏勒(Bruce Schaller)在过去四年里一直在研究纽约的交通状况，他在最近的一份报告中得出结论，使用这些基于应用程序的出行正在造成交通堵塞。）”及第三段的“He referred to Uber’s traffic data, which perfectly match the peaks for the rush hour. He also added that the low fares and convenience mean that people are ordering rides to go from A to B when they wouldn’t normally. Both help contribute to the congestion（他提到了优步的交通数据，这些数据与高峰时间的高峰完全吻合。他还补充说，低廉的票价和便捷的交通意味着，人们现在会预订从A地到B地的航班，而通常情况下他们不会这么做。两者都助长了交通拥 堵）”可知，本文主要讲的是叫车应用制造了可怕的堵塞。故选C。

十、 浙江绍兴·一模（11月）
第一节（共 10 小题; 每小题 分, 满分 25 分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Wanda Smith always wanted to be a school teacher but sometimes meeting life's demanding realities could mean a dream delayed. A mother of three, Smith also cared for her mom. While squarely shouldering her family responsibilities, she took jobs as bus monitor and custodian for Brenham Independent School District in Texas. The hours were tiring, but rather than let her dream die, at age 37, with the support and encouragement of her husband, she added night classes to her schedule. Nine years on, she finally graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University. She was a certified teacher at last.
Smith's story came full circle when she was hired as a first-grade teacher back at Brenham Elementary School. "When I stand in front of my classroom - my classroom - I am living my dream," Smith said during a TODAY show. During the pandemic, as some of her students struggled to meet the demands of distance learning, Smith stepped up to the challenge. Noting that many of the kids she teaches came from single-parent families, she began delivering packets of schoolwork to them at home. It's no wonder Smith's kids adored her. In a special surprise ceremony, they shouted their praise and held up big colorful signs declaring their devotion.
The sentiment was echoed by Brenham's mayor, Milton Tate Jr., who officially declared May 4, 2021 as "Be the Best You Can Be" Wanda Smith Day. The phrase was also carved on a commemorative schoolyard bench, and in addition, a scholarship for up-and-coming teachers at Sam Houston State has been established in her name.
Smith's life is an example as well as an inspiration. By always striving to be the best she could be, with hard work and perseverance, she graduated from cleaning classrooms to leading classrooms.
1. What prevented Smith from achieving her dream at a younger age?
A. Her heavy family burden. B. Her strong love for mother.
C. The lack of family support. D. The demanding academic requirements.
2. What's the students' attitude towards Smith?
A. Concerned. B. Respectful. C. Critical. D. Sympathetic.
3. Which of the following facts shows Smith's influence beyond her school?
A. A day was celebrated nationwide in her name.
B. Her name was carved on a schoolyard bench.
C. Colorful signs were held by her students.
D. A scholarship was created in her honor.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of setting up a dream.
B. To advocate lifelong learning by introducing Smith's story,
C. To show how Smith achieved her best with heart and devotion.
D. To illustrate how Smith's experience inspired the people around.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Wanda Smith曾经因为沉重的家庭负担推迟了自己当老师的梦想，后来凭借对梦想的坚持和追求，她终于成为一名合格的教师，获得了学生的尊重。史密斯的一生是一个榜样，也是一种激励。她一直努力做到最好，通过努力和坚持，她从打扫教室到了在教室中授课。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A mother of three, Smith also cared for her mom. While squarely shouldering her family responsibilities, she took jobs as bus monitor and custodian for Brenham Independent School District in Texas. The hours were tiring, but rather than let her dream die, at age 37, with the support and encouragement of her husband, she added night classes to her schedule.(作为三个孩子的母亲，史密斯还照顾她的母亲。在承担起家庭责任的同时，她还在得克萨斯州布伦汉姆独立学区担任了校车监控器和管理员的工作。工作时间很累，但她并没有让自己的梦想破灭。37岁时，在丈夫的支持和鼓励下，她把夜校加进了自己的日程表)”可知，沉重的家庭负担阻止史密斯在年轻时实现她的梦想。故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It's no wonder Smith's kids adored her. In a special surprise ceremony, they shouted their praise and held up big colorful signs declaring their devotion.(难怪史密斯的孩子们都很喜欢她。在一个特别的惊喜仪式上，他们大声赞扬，并举起巨大的彩色标语，宣布他们的忠诚)”可推知，学生们对史密斯的态度是尊重。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“in addition, a scholarship for up-and-coming teachers at Sam Houston State has been established in her name.(此外，萨姆·休斯顿州立大学还以她的名字设立了一项奖学金，以表彰那些崭露头角的教师)”可知，D选项“一项奖学金是为了纪念她而设立的”表明了史密斯在学校以外的影响。故选D。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Smith's life is an example as well as an inspiration. By always striving to be the best she could be, with hard work and perseverance, she graduated from cleaning classrooms to leading classrooms. (史密斯的一生是一个榜样，也是一种激励。 她一直努力做到最好，通过努力和坚持，她从打扫教室到了在教室中授课)”结合文章主要讲述了Wanda Smith曾经因为沉重的家庭负担推迟了自己当老师的梦想，后来凭借对梦想的坚持和追求，她终于成为一名合格的教师，获得了学生的尊重。可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是为了表明史密斯是如何尽心尽力做到最好的。故选C。
B
The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that "Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without." Playing a musical instrument has many benefits and can bring joy to you and everyone around you.
A good musician knows that the quality of practice time is more valuable than the quantity. In order for a musician to progress quicker, he or she will learn how to organize his or her practice time and plan different challenges to work on, making efficient use of time. Thus, learning how to play an instrument helps you to learn how to be organized and to manage your time wisely.
Team skills are a very important aspect of being successful in life. Playing an instrument boosts your teamwork skills as it requires you to work with others to make music. In band and orchestra settings, you must learn how to cooperate with the people around you. Furthermore, in order for a group to make beautiful music, each player and section must learn how to listen to each other and play together.
Playing an instrument comes with its responsibilities. Maintenance and care are very important in keeping an instrument in good working condition. Each instrument has different procedures to keep it functioning properly. In addition to being responsible for maintaining one's instrument, there are other aspects such as remembering music events like rehearsals and performances, and making time for practice. Thus, learning an instrument increases your sense of responsibility.
Playing music by yourself requires you to concentrate on things like pitch, rhythm, tempo and quality of sound. Playing in a group involves even more concentration because you must learn to not only hear yourself, but you must listen to all the other sections and play in harmony with the rest of the group. Therefore, learning a musical instrument sharpens your concentration skills.
5. The author quotes Confucius' words at the beginning to ________.
A. introduce the topic of playing music
B. arouse readers' interest in performing music
C. settle an argument over the effects of playing music
D. clarify a confusion in people's understanding of music
6. What can be learned about playing a musical instrument?
A. The quantity of practice counts most in making progress.
B. Taking care of an instrument requires concentration skills.
C. Teamwork skills determine whether a group can play in harmony.
D. Participation in music events develops one's memory and responsibility.
7. How does the author develop paragraph 5 ?
A. By giving examples. B. By making a contrast.
C. By offering analyses. D. By providing figures.
【答案】5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是演奏乐器的好处。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一句提到“The Chinese philosopher Confucius said long ago that "Music produces a kind of pleasure which human nature cannot do without."（中国哲学家孔子早就说过：“音乐是一种人性所不能缺少的乐趣。”）”，接下来说到“Playing a musical instrument has many benefits and can bring joy to you and everyone around you.（演奏乐器有很多好处，可以给你和你周围的每个人带来快乐。）”，因此作者在文章开头引用孔子的话来介绍演奏乐器有好处这一话题，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Playing an instrument boosts your teamwork skills as it requires you to work with others to make music. In band and orchestra settings, you must learn how to cooperate with the people around you. Furthermore, in order for a group to make beautiful music, each player and section must learn how to listen to each other and play together.（演奏乐器可以提高你的团队合作能力，因为它需要你和其他人一起合作来创作音乐。在乐队和管弦乐队的背景下，你必须学会如何与你周围的人合作。此外，为了让一个小组演奏出优美的音乐，每个演奏者和小组都必须学会如何互相倾听并一起演奏。）”可知，团队合作能力决定了一个团队是否能够和谐地演奏。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。第五段先说“Playing music by yourself requires you to concentrate on things like pitch, rhythm, tempo and quality of sound. Playing in a group involves even more concentration because you must learn to not only hear yourself, but you must listen to all the other sections and play in harmony with the rest of the group.（自己演奏音乐需要你专注于音高、节奏、节奏和音质。小组演奏需要更多的注意力，因为你不仅要学会听自己的声音，还必须听所有其他部分的声音，并与小组其他成员和谐地演奏。）”，最后得出结论“Therefore, learning a musical instrument sharpens your concentration skills.（因此，学习一种乐器可以提高你的注意力。）”，因此最后一段是在分析学习乐器对注意力的要求后得出学习一种乐器可以提高你的注意力，因此第五段主要是通过提供分析来写的，故选C。
C
A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris (碎片) was launched Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a "servicer satellite" and a "client satellite" (客户卫星) that launched together. The mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth. The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for earth-bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months.
Space junk has been a growing problem for years as human-made objects such as old satellites and spacecraft parts build up in low Earth orbit until they decay, deorbit, explode or crash with other objects, breaking into smaller pieces of waste. According to a recent report by NASA, at least 26,000 of the millions of pieces of space junk are orbiting along at 17,500mph, and they could "destroy a satellite on impact". More than 500,000 pieces are a "mission-ending threat" because of their ability to impact protective systems, fuel tanks and spacecraft cabins.
The development of other cleanup technologies has been in progress for years. In 2016 , Japan's space agency sent a 700 -meter chain into space to try to slow down and redirect spacejunk. In 2018, a device called Remove Debris successfully cast a net around a copy satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025 , which the Organization's former director general has referred to as a space "vacuum cleaner".
These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a huge number of satellites in a mess.
8. What is ELSA-d?
A. A spacecraft aimed to remove space junk.
B. A satellite sent up to save the GPS system.
C. A program designed to prove the satellite's ability.
D. A mission intended to send a client satellite into space.
9. It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A. Remove Debris is regarded as a space "vacuum cleaner"
B. space junk is a potential threat to the launch of spacecrafts
C. the U.K. is the first country to develop cleanup technology
D. ELSA-d will make dead satellites burn up in the atmosphere
10. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cleanup Technologies Are Developing Rapidly
B. Constant Missions to Explore Space in the Future
C. New Effort to Clean up Space Junk Reaches Orbit
D. The Appeal for Solution to the Space Junk Problem
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要向读者介绍哈萨克斯塔当地时间周一早上发射了一颗宇宙飞船，目的是为了检验清理太空中的碎片的想法。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a "servicer satellite" and a "client satellite" (客户卫星) that launched together. The mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk,（太空规模的生命服务将由服务卫星和客户卫星共同启动。该任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。”）”可知，ELSA-d是一颗可以帮助捕捉太空垃圾的宇宙飞船。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.”可知，ELSA-d宇宙飞船会把它自己附到已经没有用的卫星上面并把它推向地球的过程中，在大气层中把它燃烧掉。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，这篇文章主要讲述的是哈萨克斯塔当地时间周一早上发射了一颗宇宙飞船，目的是为了检验清理太空中的碎片的想法。而且世界各国在这方面的努力一直都在做着。C选项“New Effort to Clean up Space Junk Reaches Orbit”清理太空垃圾的新的努力进入轨道符合文章大意。故选C项。


十一、 浙江台州·一模（11月）
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题上将该项涂黑。
A
More than eighty years ago, a slim, gray rabbit jumped out of a hole in the ground. He knocked on a hairless man's head and asked, "What's Up, Doc?" to the tune of the crunch of a large carrot.
Though the rabbit had appeared in previous short films, this fateful scene in the 1940 Warner Brothers animated short "A Wild Hare" introduced the version of the rabbit, which would become the cultural symbol of Bugs Bunny. In the decades since, Bugs has appeared in over 150 films. He has not only earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; he is the first animated character to get his face on a postage stamp. TV Guide even ranked him number one atop a list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters.
Bugs was unlike Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, who came with their own set of physical characteristics but with little personality. Bugs was defined by his wiseacre attitude and witty amusing jokes. While every director put his own understanding on Bugs Bunny, they all agreed on one thing: Bugs was never to be mean-spirited.
For years after Bugs first voiced his signature question, it seemed as though America couldn't get enough of the character and his trickster ways. Within four years, films starring Bugs from the "Merrie Melodies" and "Looney Tunes" series were popular enough to be sold to theaters. He continued to win the hearts and laughs of the people all over the world.
What audience love the most about Bugs Bunny is not his unique personality. Actually, it is his ability to stay true to it. From his opera in "What's Opera, Doc?" to his hiking in live action films, such as "Space Jam", Bugs Bunny doesn't change.
More recent animated characters from Bart Simpson to Eric Cartman have established themselves through a certain amount of meanness. But Bugs remains the lovable character that only plays tricks on those who deserve it most.
1. From the second paragraph we can know that________.
A. Bugs Bunny was famous long before 1940
B. Bugs Bunny has gained widespread acceptance
C. Bugs Bunny has always stayed at the top of ranking lists
D. Bugs Bunny was the only character issued on postage stamps
2. Why do the audience have a preference for Bugs Bunny?
A. He is generous to help others. B. He is easy to get along with.
C. He is expert in playing jokes. D. He is consistent in personality.
3. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Fine Acting of Bugs Bunny B. Typical Language of Bugs Bunny
C. Bugs Bunny's Lasting Power D. Bugs Bunny's Struggle for Humor
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动画人物兔八哥，介绍了这一动画人物的性格特点以及许多年来一直深受观众喜欢的原因。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He has not only earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; he is the first animated character to get his face on a postage stamp. TV Guide even ranked him number one atop a list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters.(他不仅在好莱坞星光大道上赢得了一颗星，他还是第一个把自己的脸印在邮票上的动画人物。《电视指南》甚至将他列为50个最伟大的卡通人物之首)”可知，兔八哥已经得到了广泛的接受。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“What audience love the most about Bugs Bunny is not his unique personality. Actually, it is his ability to stay true to it. From his opera in "What's Opera, Doc?" to his hiking in live action films, such as "Space Jam", Bugs Bunny doesn't change. (观众最喜欢兔八哥的不是他独特的个性。事实上，是他保持真实的能力。从他在《医生，什么是歌剧》中的歌剧，到他在真人动作片《空中大灌篮》中的徒步旅行，兔八哥都没有改变)”可知，观众喜欢兔八哥是因为他的性格始终如一。故选D。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the decades since, Bugs has appeared in over 150 films. He has not only earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; he is the first animated character to get his face on a postage stamp. TV Guide even ranked him number one atop a list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters.(从那以后的几十年里，兔八哥出现在了150多部电影中。他不仅在好莱坞星光大道上赢得了一颗星，他还是第一个把自己的脸印在邮票上的动画人物。《电视指南》甚至将他列为50个最伟大的卡通人物之首)”结合文章主要介绍了动画人物兔八哥，介绍了这一动画人物的性格特点以及许多年来一直深受观众喜欢的原因。可知，C选项“兔八哥持久的魅力”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
Richard Turere walks through his family's farm just outside Nairobi National Park in Kenya. Goats, cows, and sheep eat grass peacefully on the farm while in the park nearby, lions wander leisurely, living in peaceful coexistence with the livestock. An extraordinary picture! How do livestock manage to live safely near these huge lions? It's all due to this young man's brilliant invention, Lion Lights.
Livestock is his family's entire livelihood—which is why whenever lions attacked their goats, sheep, or cattle, it was disastrous. There seemed to be no good solution to the problem until Richard began working on it. After a lion killed his family's only bull, Richard started experimenting with ways to scare off the lions. His first two attempts—fire and then a scarecrow—were unsuccessful. But one night in 2011, when he was walking around with a flashlight, he noticed that lions stayed away. That's when he realized: these big cats were afraid of moving lights!
Then Richard—who'd taken apart and studied machines since he was very small—began experimenting. Despite his lack of any formal training in electrical engineering, he fitted a system of flashing LED lights on poles around the farm. The flashing lights, which he made from vehicle indicator flashers, car batteries, and a solar panel, tricked the lions into thinking the grounds were guarded, keeping the lions away.
The word got out about the brilliant "lion-lights boy". Soon Richard was fixing the Lion Lights system for neighbors. Later, his invention won him a scholarship to Kenya's well-known Brookhouse International School. And when Richard was 13, he was invited to California to speak about his invention at a TED conference. These days, Richard still lives on his family's farm, and fixes the Lion Lights system for people all over Kenya, which functions efficiently. He dreams of becoming an airplane engineer and pilot, but he also works to arouse people's awareness about the need to support young Kenyan inventors like himself.
4. What does "an extraordinary picture" refer to?
A. Eye-catching scenery. B. Well-protected ecosystem.
C. Lions losing their nature. D. Animals existing in harmony.
5. What used to be the problem with Richard's farm?
A. Lions attacked livestock. B. The locals' lives were threatened.
C. Machines didn't function well. D. Flashlights weren't in good condition.
6. From the Lion Lights experiment we can know that_________.
A. Richard's idea came from his failure. B. Flashing lights could scare lions away.
C. Richard's academic knowledge mattered. D. Flashing lights were difficult to maintain.
7. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Richard's dream has come true. B. Richard's invention makes a difference.
C. Richard's devotion to helping his neighbors. D. Richard's awareness of bettering his community.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人Richard Turere发明了一种“狮子灯”，可以通过闪光吓跑狮子，让它们不攻击牲畜，动物之间和谐共存。文章介绍了Richard发明这种灯的起因经过以及其发明的重要性。
【4题详解】
指代猜测题。根据第一段中“Goats, cows, and sheep eat grass peacefully on the farm while in the park nearby, lions wander leisurely, living in peaceful coexistence with the livestock.(山羊、奶牛、绵羊在农场里安静地吃着草，狮子在附近的公园里悠闲地游荡，与牲畜和平共处)”可推知，“an extraordinary picture”指的是动物和谐共存。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Livestock is his family's entire livelihood—which is why whenever lions attacked their goats, sheep, or cattle, it was disastrous.(牲畜是他家的全部生计——这就是为什么每当狮子攻击他们的山羊、绵羊或牛时，都是灾难性的)”可知，理查德的农场以前有狮子攻击牲畜。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But one night in 2011, when he was walking around with a flashlight, he noticed that lions stayed away. That's when he realized: these big cats were afraid of moving lights!(但2011年的一个晚上，当他拿着手电筒四处走动时，他注意到狮子躲得远远的。这时他才意识到：这些大猫害怕移动的光！)”故从狮子灯的实验中，我们可以知道闪光可以把狮子吓跑。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The word got out about the brilliant "lion-lights boy". Soon Richard was fixing the Lion Lights system for neighbors. Later, his invention won him a scholarship to Kenya's well-known Brookhouse International School. And when Richard was 13, he was invited to California to speak about his invention at a TED conference. These days, Richard still lives on his family's farm, and fixes the Lion Lights system for people all over Kenya, which functions efficiently. He dreams of becoming an airplane engineer and pilot, but he also works to arouse people's awareness about the need to support young Kenyan inventors like himself.(关于这位杰出的“狮灯男孩”的消息传开了。很快，理查德就开始为邻居们修理狮子灯系统。后来，他的发明为他赢得了肯尼亚著名的布鲁克豪斯国际学校的奖学金。当理查德13岁的时候，他被邀请到加州在TED大会上讲他的发明。如今，理查德仍然住在他家的农场里，为肯尼亚各地的人们安装有效运行的“狮子灯”系统。他梦想成为一名飞机工程师和飞行员，但他也努力唤起人们对支持像他这样的年轻肯尼亚发明家的必要性的意识)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是理查德的发明很重要。故选B。
C
Feeling inactive at work? Indoor pollution might play a part. A new study by scientists at Harvard has found that the air quality inside an office can have a significant impact on employees cognitive (认知的) function.
"The limited amount of previous studies on indoor settings focused on measures like thermal (热的) comfort and satisfaction, rather than on cognitive outcomes," Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, a researcher told AFP.
Jose and his colleagues designed a study that followed 302 office workers across six countries over a period of a year, all of whom were aged between 18 and 65 and worked at least three days in an office building. Their workspaces were fitted with an environmental sensor to monitor real time concentrations of PM2.5. The participants were given a custom-designed app on their phones to carry out the cognitive tests, which they were reminded to take at prescheduled times or when PM2.5 levels fall below or rise beyond certain thresholds (临界点).
There were two tests for the participants. The first required them to correctly identify the color of displayed words that spelled out another color. This evaluated cognitive speed. The second test involved basic calculation with long numbers to assess cognitive speed and working memory.
Results showed that an increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of PM led to about a one percent reduction in response times, and more than a one percent reduction in accuracy.
"While past studies have shown that prolonged exposure to PM2.5 damages the central nervous system and causes long-term neuro diseases, this is the first to show short-term effects on people's cognitive abilities," Jose told AFP.
For employees returning to in-person office work, it is time to open a window for fresh air. If the outdoor air quality isn't good, adding high quality portable air cleaners is a good choice.
8. What's the function of the environmental sensor?
A. To monitor indoor air quality.
B. To evaluate workers'job performance
C. To improve working environment.
D. To develop workers' memory accuracy
9. What method did Jose mainly use in his study?
A. Giving examples. B. Analyzing causes.
C. Making comparisons. D. Confirming assumptions.
10. It can be concluded from the passage that________.
A. polluted air destroys one's nervous system
B. an air cleaner is a must in an office building
C. indoor setting determines a person's productivity
D fresh air contributes to a person's cognitive accuracy
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学科学家的一项新研究发现，办公室里的空气质量会对员工的认知功能产生重大影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Their workspaces were fitted with an environmental sensor to monitor real time concentrations of PM2.5.（他们的工作场所安装了环境传感器，实时监测PM2.5浓度。）”可知，环境传感器的功能是监测室内空气质量。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“There were two tests for the participants.（对参与者进行了两项测试。）”可知，在这项研究里主要使用做比较的方法。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“A new study by scientists at Harvard has found that the air quality inside an office can have a significant impact on employees cognitive function.（哈佛大学科学家的一项新研究发现，办公室里的空气质量会对员工的认知功能产生重大影响。）”可知，新鲜空气有助于一个人的认知准确性。故选D项。

十二、 浙江温州·一模（11月）
第一节（共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Road trip stories are basically wild adventures of self-discovery. But the book Me (Moth) carves out a path through ancestry (祖先), pains and art.
Moth is a dancer with a loving supportive family - until a terrible car accident takes them all away. Now she doesn't dance any more and lives with her sad aunt, wearing borrowed clothes and living on what feels like borrowed time, because not even the wisdom and Hoodoo (扶都教) passed down to her by her grandfather can bring back her family or ease her pain. Her survivor's guilt is so strong that she makes herself almost invisible.
Until the new boy at school, Sani, notices her. He sings when he thinks no one is listening and he sees Moth like no one else does. The two young people decide on a road trip across the country and hope to make some sense of their life on the way.
Novels in poetic language can sometimes feel awkward, but the book, Me (Moth) spills effortlessly across the page, becoming the song that Moth and Sani write together on their journey. It's all in Moth's voice, and her words dance, giving the reader a real sense of how she can move her body if she isn't afraid to. The language is sometimes so beautiful and terrible that it catches me off guard.
During their trip to the South, Moth and Sani stop to pay respect to the spirits of those who came before them, and to think about their strengths as well as the pains that they've suffered. As they do so, their own strengths and pains are connected with the ones that came before.
1. What can we learn from the underlined part in paragraph
A. She is sad with her aunt.
B. She wears borrowed clothes.
C. She doesn't have time to dance.
D. She feels guilty of surviving alone.
2. Which of the following best describes their trip?
A. Painful. B. Joyful. C. Rewarding. D. Challenging.
3. What can the passage probably be?
A. A biography. B. A book review.
C. A love story. D. A travel journal.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了the book Me (Moth)中的故事：Moth是一个舞者，不幸的是，一场车祸夺走了她的所有家人，她充满了痛苦和内疚。后来遇见了Sani，他们一起沿着公路旅行，一起写歌，被同行者的坚强所感染，也从痛苦中解脱出来。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Her survivor's guilt is so strong that she makes herself almost invisible.(她幸存下来的内疚感是如此强烈以致于她不愿见到别人)”可知，此处指Moth失去了家人，她独自活下来，在后来的生活中内心充满了内疚感。画线句子指她为独自生存而感到内疚，故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“During their trip to the South, Moth and Sani stop to pay respect to the spirits of those who came before them, and to think about their strengths as well as the pains that they've suffered. As they do so, their own strengths and pains are connected with the ones that came before. (在他们向南的旅行中，Moth and Sani停下来向在他们前面的旅行者表示敬意，想到他们的坚强和痛苦。他们这样做的时候，他们自己的坚强和痛苦也和这些人联系在一起了)”可知，看到这些人的坚强和他们经历的苦难。Moth and Sani也学会了坚强和面对痛苦。因此这次旅行对他们是有益的。A. Painful. 痛苦的；B. Joyful.快乐的；C. Rewarding.值得的，有益的；D. Challenging.挑战的。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Road trip stories are basically wild adventures of self-discovery. But the book Me (Moth) carves out a path through ancestry (祖先), pains and art. (公路旅行故事基本上是自我发现的冒险。但是the book Me (Moth)却开辟一条道路，有痛苦也有艺术)”下文介绍了书中故事和他们的旅行及意义，可知，这篇文章是旅行日志。故选D。
B
One of the negative effects from the all-pervasive social media is that it has almost killed the reading habit. To change this situation, a group of IT professionals and engineers have come together to start the 'Let's Read India' movement in Maharashtra by taking their library to the people's doorstep.
Prafulla Wankhede, one of the founders of the campaign, says it's getting an overwhelming response. "Our primary objective is to bring this WhatsApp and social media generation back to books and make them better educated and more civilized citizens," he said.
Wankhede said their library van went to remote places lacking major facilities. "We want to reach out to every person who wants to read a book. We have three mobile libraries now. People can borrow books for a week for free with only one condition: the borrower should submit a 300 -word review about the book to be able to take a second book," he said. "Our objective is to ensure people read."
"Those who want to get books can connect through our social media website and app. This will enable them to know the locations of the mobile library that has GPS attached. Besides, there is a QR code for each book. The mobile library makes the weekly visit to the identified locations," Wankhede said.
Initially, “Let's Read India” Foundation had planned to start the initiative in Maharashtra, Goa and Madhya Pradesh, the plan was shelved because of the pandemic situation. "We are now focusing on Maharashtra," said Wankhede. "Once we grow in Maharashtra, we'll then shift our focus to the rest of the country." The foundation also plans to start a YouTube channel where well-known authors' speeches, interviews and reviews will be played.
"We not only offer books, we also suggest what should be read. Many people are really confused about their reading choices. If they are able to read the kind of books they want, it will help them in their academic and professional life," said Wankhede.
4. What is the purpose of the campaign?
A. To build mobile libraries. B. To advocate online reading.
C. To promote reading habits. D. To fight against social media.
5. The mobile libraries can be described as ________.
A. conventional B. comfortable C. impractical D. convenient
6. Why does the foundation plan to start a YouTube channel?
A. To shift the focus. B. To deliver speeches.
C. To better serve readers. D. To ensure people read.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了促进人们阅读，一群IT专业人士和工程师联合起来，在马哈拉施特拉邦发起了“让我们阅读印度”运动，将他们的图书馆带到人们的家门口。文章介绍了这种移动图书馆的特点以及未来的发展方向。
4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One of the negative effects from the all-pervasive social media is that it has almost killed the reading habit. To change this situation, a group of IT professionals and engineers have come together to start the 'Let's Read India' movement in Maharashtra by taking their library to the people's doorstep. (无处不在的社交媒体带来的负面影响之一是，它几乎扼杀了人们的阅读习惯。为了改变这种情况，一群IT专业人士和工程师联合起来，在马哈拉施特拉邦发起了“让我们阅读印度”运动，将他们的图书馆带到人们的家门口)”可推知，运动的目的是促进阅读习惯。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Wankhede said their library van went to remote places lacking major facilities.( Wankhede说，他们的图书馆车去了缺乏主要设施的偏远地区)”以及第四段“"Those who want to get books can connect through our social media website and app. This will enable them to know the locations of the mobile library that has GPS attached. Besides, there is a QR code for each book. The mobile library makes the weekly visit to the identified locations," Wankhede said. (“那些想买书的人可以通过我们的社交媒体网站和应用程序联系。这将使他们知道带有GPS的移动图书馆的位置。此外，每本书都有一个二维码。移动图书馆每周都会访问指定的地点，”Wankhede说)”可推知，移动图书馆很方便。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The foundation also plans to start a YouTube channel where well-known authors' speeches, interviews and reviews will be played.(该基金会还计划在YouTube上开设一个频道，播放知名作家的演讲、采访和评论)”可知，基金会计划在YouTube上开设一个频道来更好地为读者服务。故选C。
C
Whether you're buying a house, a car or second-hand furniture, it's likely you will need to negotiate the price, so being able to negotiate effectively could save you significant cash.
Professor Lionel Page from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) said opening offers in real-world negotiations are sometimes intended to signal the "toughness" of the buyer - but whether this strategy actually works was not known. "This experiment allowed us to study whether and how the level of the opening offer influences the beliefs of buyers and sellers, their actions and the final bargaining outcome," said Professor Page.
The researchers conducted the experiment using a bargaining game. They found that the success or failure of a negotiation depended not only on the final offer on the table but also on the emerging dynamics of the bargaining process. "The intermediary offers made during a negotiation can be interpreted as suggesting either kind and compromising intentions, or unkind and uncompromising ones," said Professor Page. "And the perception of these intentions can, in turn, influence the final outcome. Low offers are perceived as disrespectful, so sellers react negatively and can be spiteful (恼 人) in their counter-offers (还价)," he said. This means it is not the best strategy to always be as tough as possible in a negotiation.
Previously there have been two conflicting views on first offers in negotiations, said Professor Page. One view is that a low opening offer works as an "anchor" that moves the final offer in the direction of the first offer. The second is that a more reasonable initial offer achieves a better outcome because it doesn't sour the atmosphere and endanger the agreement. Professor Page said their study showed support for both these ideas.
7. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To present a problem. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To give some examples. D. To put forward a concept.
8. What did the study mainly focus on?
A. The first offer in a negotiation. B. The final bargaining outcome.
C. The beliefs of buyers and sellers. D. The intentions in the process.
9. What can we learn about the study?
A. It was carried out in a real situation. B. Participants shared kind intentions.
C. Most negotiations ended in failure. D. Its result supported the previous views.
10. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Counter-offers: A Bargaining Game
B. Compromise: A Bridge to a Good Deal
C. Bargain: A Reasonable Initial Offer Matters
D. Negotiation: Process Makes a Big Difference
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个实验发现谈判的成功或失败不仅取决于谈判桌上的最终报价，还取决于谈判过程中出现的动态。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you're buying a house, a car or second-hand furniture, it's likely you will need to negotiate the price, so being able to negotiate effectively could save you significant cash.( 无论你买的是房子、汽车还是二手家具，很可能你都需要议价，所以能够有效地议价可以为你节省大量的钱。)”及下文对“议价”这件事的深入研究可知首段的目的是引出文章的中心话题。故选B。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“"This experiment allowed us to study whether and how the level of the opening offer influences the beliefs of buyers and sellers, their actions and the final bargaining outcome," said Professor Page.( 佩奇教授说:“这个实验让我们研究了开盘报价的水平是否以及如何影响买卖双方的信念、他们的行为和最终的讨价还价结果。”)”及第三段第二句“They found that the success or failure of a negotiation depended not only on the final offer on the table but also on the emerging dynamics of the bargaining process.( 他们发现，谈判的成功或失败不仅取决于谈判桌上的最终报价，还取决于谈判过程中出现的动态。)”可知这个实验关注的是讨价还价过程中的意图对最终结果的影响。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One view is that a low opening offer works as an "anchor" that moves the final offer in the direction of the first offer. The second is that a more reasonable initial offer achieves a better outcome because it doesn't sour the atmosphere and endanger the agreement. Professor Page said their study showed support for both these ideas. (一种观点认为，较低的开盘价起到了“锚”的作用，将最终报价推向首次报价的方向。第二，一个更合理的初始报价会带来更好的结果，因为它不会破坏气氛，危及协议。佩奇教授说，他们的研究表明这两种观点都得到了支持。)”可知研究的结果支持原有的两种观点。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句“They found that the success or failure of a negotiation depended not only on the final offer on the table but also on the emerging dynamics of the bargaining process.( 他们发现，谈判的成功或失败不仅取决于谈判桌上的最终报价，还取决于谈判过程中出现的动态。)”及文章的其他内容可推知文章通过一个实验发现谈判的成功或失败不仅取决于谈判桌上的最终报价，还取决于谈判过程中出现的动态。结合选项可知选项D. Negotiation: Process Makes a Big Difference(谈判：过程决定成败)概括最为全面准确。故选D。