英语-2022届高三下学期开学摸底考试卷（山东专用）

2022届高三下学期开学英语摸底考试卷（山东专用）

（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段1. How often did the man go to the gym recently?

A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.

2. What would probably be the woman’s favorite way to travel?

A. Driving a car.

B. Taking an airplane.

C. Taking a high-speed train.

3. What does the man imply?

A. His wife gets annoyed with the woman. 

B. The woman's hat bothers him. 

C. His wife likes the hat.

4. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Taxi driver and passenger. B. Driver and conductor. C. Boss and secretary.

5. What will the man probably do today?

A. See the woman. B. Visit Birmingham. C. Go to London.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）  

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What will the man probably be for Halloween this year?

A. A soldier. B. A cowboy. C. A superhero.

7. What will the woman do for Halloween?

A. Eat candy. B. Visit her friends. C. See films.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. Where are the speakers?

A. In a restaurant. B. On a film set. C. In a studio.

9. What time did the speakers have breakfast?

A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 10:00 a.m.

10. How does the woman feel about the director?

A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Annoyed.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. How long is the man's wife away totally?

A. 6 months. B. 12 months. C. 18 months.

12. Who is in Dubai with the man's wife?

A. The man's daughter. B. The man's son. C. The man's mother-in-law.

13. What do we know about the man's wife?

A. She'll go to another country. B. Her job is more challenging. C. She joined a new company.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Why is the woman in a rush?

A. Her train is leaving soon.

B. A friend is waiting for her.

C. She has to get to Tokyo as soon as possible.

15. What can the man do to help the woman?

A. Locate the woman's friend.

B. Buy her a new train ticket.

C. Help interpret her request.

16. What will the woman probably do first?

A. Go to the ticket office. B. Print her train ticket. C. Board the train.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What can Devil do?

A. Play music. B. Carry luggage. C. Remove blocks.

18. Which aspect of Devil is particularly mentioined for improvement?

A. Its steadiness. B. Its power. C. Its structure.

19. Why did Lin upload his video?

A. To kill time.

B. To record his life.

C. To influence more youth.

20. When did Lin realize his inventions could benefit others?

A. In 2018. B. In 2019. C. In 2021.

第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Hello and welcome! My name is Shelley Ann Vernon and I am glad that you want to find out more about teaching English through games. Right here you will find ways to get great results in the classroom for children aged 4 to 12; ways that from my experience will bring more success and joy into the lives of the children you teach.

You’ll learn how to make your serious classes fun, how to ensure everyone gets better grades, how to help stimulate (刺激) the brighter kids while nurturing the slower ones, and how to associate fun with learning by teaching vocabulary and grammar through language games. Earn even more appreciation, love and respect from your students and their parents for your teaching.

The games presented here work for ESL (English as a Second Language) pupils aged 4 to 12. These games are most suitable for beginners to intermediate (中级的) students.

Don’t take my word for it; read evidence from teachers and parents:

Click here to order now with our secure server. Remember, if you are not satisfied, just let us know and we will refund (退款) you in full. You still get to keep the essential bonus material for free, and that’s a rare time­saving gain, plus a value of 25 dollars.

21. Which of the following does the writer agree with?

A. Teachers should make their classes serious.

B. A good class should associate fun with learning.

C. Only smart children can learn from the games.

D. Only pupils aged 2 can make good use of the games.

22. If you are unsatisfied with the book,________.

A. you can complain to a local newspaper or Shelley Ann Vernon

B. you can get half your money back and keep the material

C. you can get 25 dollars back，but you have to return the product first

D. you will get your money back without returning the essential bonus material

23. The writer wrote the passage to ________.

A. tell teachers how to teach

B. recommend games to kids

C. persuade teachers to buy a book

D. show her students’ good performance

B

It's hard to tell if plants grow faster with classic rock or hip hop. Heidi Appel was a teen when The Secret Life of Plants hit the stores in 1973. This bestselling book devoted a chapter to music's effect on plant growth. Appel read the book. "I was fascinated, but skeptical," she recalls.

Appel is now a plant biologist. Seven years ago, she had conversation with colleague Rex Cocroft. He studies leafhoppers(叶蝉). These insects signal each other by sending vibrations through plant leaves. "When an insect starts to eat the leaf, I can't hear a thing," he said. "It’s just deafening." Then Appel recalls, "We looked at each other and said, "Do you think plants might use insect feeding as a source of information?"

She and Cocroft designed an experiment to see if plants do in fact "listen" for predators. They placed a piece of reflective tape onto a plant leaf. Now they trained a laser beam onto the tape. If the tape moved even slightly, the signal from the laser light reflected by the tape would vary too. And how quickly it varied with time provided a measure of the leaf's movement.

As caterpillars feasted on the plant's leaves, they recorded the vibrations(颤动). Then, they recreated them for another plant. Finally, they placed actual caterpillars onto plants that had listened to the feeding sounds. Other plants had received the silent treatment. Two days later，compared to control plants, those that had earlier heard the chewing sounds had made about 30 percent more defense chemicals.

“In almost every science fair I've ever judged,some high school student is testing if plants grow better to rock 'n' roll or classical music,” Frank Telewski jokes. But the new study is the first "to clearly show a plant responding to a sound that's related to its survival--the chewing vibration of an insect pest," says Telewski. "If a plant can recognize danger and respond biochemically to up its defenses, that's a key advantage."

24. When Appel was a teen, she doubted whether________

A. the Secret Life of Plants was a bestseller.

B. plants grew better with classic rock.

C. music influenced the growth of plants.

D. she had a gift for researching plants.

25. What did Cocroft find when he studied the insects eating the leaves?

A. They left his sensitive microphones useless.

B. They always ate the leaf of his plants.

C. They destroyed his ability of hearing.

D. They made trouble in his recording insects' vibration.

26. What role does the laser play in the experiment?

A. To measure the movement of plant leaves.

B. To stop the caterpillars eating the leaf.

C. To break down the leaf's defense chemicals.

D. To shine the caterpillars into silence.

27. According to Telewski, he thinks________

A. it makes sense for plants to respond to sounds.

B. what students are tested at school is meaningless.

C. plants defend themselves from pests with different sounds.

D. different kinds of music make plants grow.

C

Studies have shown a direct link between goals and improved performance in both sports and business. Earl Nightingale put it this way, “People with goals succeed because they know where they are going. It’s   as simple as that.”

Dr. Maxwell Maltz, author of the classic Psycho-Cybernetics, said that human beings have a built-in goal seeking “success mechanism (机制)” that is part of the subconscious (潜意识的) mind. This success mechanism is constantly searching for ways to help us reach our targets and find answers to our problems. According to Maltz, we feel better when our success mechanism keeps going after clear targets. All we have to do to use this mechanism is give it a target.

One important reason goal setters achieve such outstanding results is that they have learned how to focus and concentrate their time, energy and resources (资源)   on a single goal, even though it is just for a few hours at a time. One major time management challenge we are facing today is that there are more things available for us to do than anyone could possibly attempt, let alone accomplish, in an entire lifetime. If we are not careful, it is very easy to waste our time on unimportant things.

Most significant accomplishments are accompanied with difficulties, struggles and failures. Thomas Edison failed over one thousand times before he finally discovered a way to make the light bulb work. It is very rare for something important to be accomplished successfully on the very first try. If you want to achieve anything significant, it is likely that you will struggle and fail many times before you finally reach your target. One of the main reasons why people give up so easily in the face of failure is that they lose sight of their “why”. Goals can help you remember your “big why” when you need to pick yourself up and keep going in the face of difficult situations.

28. What can we learn from Earl Nightingale’s and Dr. Maxwell Maltz’s words?

A. It’s important to succeed in life.

B. It’s extremely easy to achieve aims.

C. It’s greatly significant to set goals.

D. It’s common to make accomplishments.

29. What’s important in achieving success according to Paragraph 3?

A. Setting a realistic target.

B. Concentrating on your aim.

C. Managing your time properly.

D. Making the most of your resources.

30. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

A. Goals can prevent us giving up easily.

B. Goals mean achieving more than others.

C. Goals get rid of doubts about what we do.

D. Goals lead to more difficulties or failures.

31. What is the best title for the text?

A. How to set goals? B. How can we succeed?

C. Why should we set goals? D. Why should we keep going?

D

Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center mapped brain changes after a year of aerobic workouts and uncovered a potentially significant process: Exercise increases blood flow into two key areas of the brain associated with memory.

The study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, showed this blood flow can help even older people with memory issues improve cognition, a finding that could guide future Alzheimer's disease research, according to UT Southwestern Medical Center.

In the study, researchers followed 30 participants who were 60 or older and had memory problems. Half experienced a year of aerobic exercise while the other half did stretches. “We've shown that even when your memory starts to fade, you can still do something about it by adding aerobic exercise to your lifestyle," said Binu Thomas, a senior research scientist of UT Southwestern Medical Center who led the study. "The aerobic exercise group showed a 47% improvement in some memory scores after a year; the other group showed slight change. Brain imaging of the aerobic exercise group, taken while at rest at the beginning and end of the study, showed increased blood flew into the specific brain areas that played important roles in memory function."

Many teams across the world are trying to determine if aerobic exercise might fight memory loss. Evidence is growing that it could at least play a small role in delaying or reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease. For example, a 2018 study showed that people with lower fitness levels experienced faster retrogression of vital nerve fibers in the brain called white matter related to memory.

“Blood flow in the brain connected with memory improvement is still a part of the puzzle, and we need to continue piecing it together," Thomas says. "But we've seen enough date to know that starting a fitness program can have lifelong benefits for our brains as well as our hearts."

32. What is the study mainly about?

A. Old people have memory issues. B. Exercise improves memory.

C. Aerobic workouts benefit mental health. D. Alzheimer's disease can be cured.

33. What happened to participants after one-year aerobic exercise?

A. Earlier memories were refreshed. B. Memory scores showed very small change.

C. Brain imaging remained the same. D. More blood flew into memory-related areas.

34. What does the underlined word “retrogression“ mean in the fourth paragraph?

A. Growth. B. Recovery. C. Decline. D. Extension.

35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Further research work requires doing. 

B. More people experience memory loss.

C. Mystery of brain blood flow has been solved. 

D. Signs of memory loss can be discovered earlier.

第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)

阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Individuals with social intelligence can sense how other people feel, know clearly what to say in social situations and appear confident even in a larger crowd. You might think of these folks as having “people skills”, but what they truly possess is social intelligence.

People who are socially intelligent display core traits (核心、特质) that help them communicate and connect with others.____36____ A person who possesses social intelligence doesn’t listen merely to respond but truly pays attention to what another person is saying. The other folks in the conversation walk away feeling like they were understood and that they made a connection. ____37____ Someone with social intelligence understands that arguing or proving a point by making another person feel bad isn’t the right thing to do. ____38____ Instead, they tend to listen to him/her with an open mind —even when it’s not an idea that they personally agree with.

Some people may seem to develop social intelligence without really trying. ____39____ Luckily, certain strategies, such as practicing active listening and respecting cultural differences, can help a person build social skills. Studying social situations is also an effective way to develop social skills. Pay attention to what people are doing well and the mistakes you want to avoid. Afterward, think about what you want to do differently in the next social situation you are in.

____40____ If it were, there wouldn’t ever be another awkward conversation at a party. However, working toward a strong social intelligence can lead to a richer life — or, at least, an easier time making a few new friends.A. They are usually effective listeners.

B. Social intelligence isn’t easy to master.

C. But others have to work to develop it.

D. They don’t directly reject another person’s ideas.

E. And remember that you can mess up sometimes.

F. Develop your social intelligence by working on your communication skills.

G. Lack of arguing is another important trait that people with social intelligence exhibit.

第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Like many people. I’m on an ongoing quest to learn to procrastinate (拖延) less. One of my main issues is when I anticipate that a task is going to feel ____41____, I don’t want to start it, as I don’t want to induce that pain.

I’ve found that an unlikely but effective way to ____42____ this is to use ideas from calculus (微积分). This is an important field of mathematics that was developed for the thorough study of things that are continuously ____43____. To understand something that changes over time, we need to think about not just the quantity at any given moment but the rate at which the quantity is changing, the rate at which that rate is changing and so on.

____44____, to understand the trajectory (轨迹) of an airplane moving through the sky, we need to think not just about where it is now but the rate at which it’s moving, otherwise known as speed, and the rate at which the speed itself is changing, otherwise known as acceleration. Finding the rate at which something changes is called differentiation.

Another important principle in calculus involves finding a total of something over time. If a plane is flying at a ____45____ speed, it’s quite easy to work out how far it will go in a given time, but if the speed keeps changing, it’s ____46____ to calculate the total distance. In calculus this is called integration.

Calculus is at the root of almost every aspect of modem life, not least because it’s fundamental to understanding electricity. Calculations in engineering and medicine ____47____ require calculus as well, since nothing going on in those fields is static. But I’ve realized that it ____48____ my procrastination problem too.

The problem, as I now see it. is that I was thinking about my current pain level ____49____ rather than my total pain over time. If I think about the total pain that will accumulate until I finish an unpleasant task, the amount isn’t increased by starting, though it can feel that way. _____50_____ the total pain is increased by procrastinating, since the stress of not having done the task hangs over me. The only way to _____51_____ the total remaining pain is to start working at the task, so that some of the pain is in the past.

You might have noticed that I’ve considered a total (integration) and also a rate of change (differentiation). The “fundamental theorem (定理) of calculus” essentially tells us that integration and differentiation are inverse (相反的)_____52_____. In terms of procrastination, this means that the amount of future pain decreases by my current pain level. Thinking about it this way allows me to see _____53_____ as a good tiling, since it’s being taken away from the future total. Part of the helpful process for me is first imagining the _____54_____ of all the remaining pain and then imagining it decreasing — that is, both the integration and the differentiation steps.

Math sometimes seems to complicate things, but the aim in the end is to _____55_____ them. And I honestly haven’t encountered another approach that helps me as much as this for tackling procrastination.

41. A. exciting B. painful C. rewarding D. satisfactory

42. A. get over B. make off C. pull over D. take over

43. A. changing B. increasing C. shrinking D. spinning

44. A. In addition B. In fact C. For instance D. For starters

45. A. constant B. low C. normal D. rapid

46. A. easier B. impossible C. trickier D. useless

47. A. rarely B. typically C. unbelievably D. widely

48. A. applies to B. conflicts with C. replaces with D. replies to

49. A. in isolation B. in peace C. in order D. in total

50. A. At the bottom line B. At the same time 

C. On the other hand D. On the contrary

51. A. avoid B. decrease C. ignore D. maintain

52. A. calculations B. directions C. processes D. routes

53. A. current pain B. current tasks C. future pain D. future tasks

54. A. benefit B. degree C. effect D. sum

55. A. activate B. double C. improve D. simplify

第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

High school years are a large part in___56___(shape) the person you are going to become. A school often___57___(provide)education for you,and it can also be a place ___58___you can develop relationships with many different people,join clubs,and participate in a variety of different sports.These years can make you become a high school student___59___(fill)with many different emotions,including happiness, anger,sadness, envy, loneliness,stress,and a numerous amount more.This is also a time when peer(同龄人)pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.

Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group.This can include influencing another to drink,smoke,cheat on a test,lie,skip class,and etc.The list is ___60___(end).Peer pressure at high school is both harmful___61___ effective because it can lead to teen depression,high stress levels,negative behavior___62___(issue),and poor decision making and outcomes.

Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue,it can ____63____(see)positively in some situations.This can involve pressuring your peers to avoid   drugs,be honest,avoid alcohol,respect others,work hard,exercise,be kind, be responsible,and more.Friends and peer___64___(actual)affect the choices you make.Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong effect____65____ you.

第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

    假定你叫李华，你的英国笔友Peter想要你给他推荐一门你校开设的中国文化线上课程。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：

1.推荐一门传统文化课程；

2.你的推荐理由；

3.你的祝愿。

注意：1.词数100左右

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节(满分25分)

 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Daniel got a job as a delivery man to work his way through college. His parents couldn’t save up all the money he needed to get into law school, so since he was 15, he would take summer jobs and find some other jobs between studies to earn extra cash.

The boy was determined and every day he would wake up at 5 a.m., summer or winter, riding on his old bike to deliver parcels. It wasn’t an easy job, especially during winter. Besides that, his old bike was slow, making things harder. But that wasn’t a problem for Daniel.

Daniel’s schedule was always the same every day and people in the neighborhood already knew him.

He called them by their names, and they would often wave and greet him as he passed.

It was a normal day and Daniel was delivering parcels as usual. “Morning, Daniel! Check out my brand-new mountain bike!” called out a man whose home Daniel visited frequently. “Morning, Mr. Warren! That’s a really fancy bike!” Daniel screamed back at him as he rode towards his first delivery. He couldn’t help imagining what it would feel like to own a bike like the one Mr. Warren had just shown him. “My deliveries would double with that” he thought longingly.

Suddenly, Daniel lost balance and fell on the road. He got up and leaned the bike against the wall to see what had happened. He found a nail stuck in the back tire (轮胎) and he unluckily had a flat tire.

As he turned around and tried to think of what to do, he saw something unusual. A strange man Daniel had never seen before furtively (鬼鬼祟祟地) looked around and placed a package under his jacket. “Hey!” Daniel shouted at the man. “Hey there! What are you doing? That’s not yours!” The man heard Daniel and started to run as fast as he could.

注意：

1.续写词数应为 150 左右：

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

After having a look at his bike’s flat tire, Daniel quickly started to run after the man.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mr. Warren arrived on his new bike, and then helped pin (按住) the thief down.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________