【新高三摸底】2024届新高三-英语开学摸底考试卷（上海专用）

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2024届新高三开学摸底考试卷（上海专用）
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I. Listening Comprehension（25分）
Section A（10分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．Negative. B．Neutral. C．Uninterested. D．Supportive.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: Our neighbourhood is going to have a swimming pool soon.
W: It is about time. I don’t know why it has taken so long.
Q: What is the woman’s attitude towards the swimming pool?
2．A．Go on a trip. B．Take a long sail. C．Run a restaurant. D．Prepare a meal.
【答案】A
【原文】
M: Our children are waiting downstairs. Let’s hurry.
W: Wait a minute. We’ll take some food with us. They don’t like the meal served on the train.
Q: What are the speakers’ family probably going to do?
3． A．If he has more than a dollar. B．If he makes a phone call first.
C．If he finds the change machine. D．If he buys something from her.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: Miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the callbox.
W: Sorry, sir. I am not allowed to give change without a purchase. But you’ll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store.
Q: In which situation can the woman give the man some change?
4． A．The time is not convenient. B．Her house is not big enough.
C．A few people won’t turn up. D．There won’t be enough food.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: Helen’s going to have a birthday party on Friday evening. She’s invited a lot of people. If everyone turns up, there will be a squeeze in her house.
W: But a few people said they couldn’t go, so I think it should be OK.
Q: What might be a problem for Helen’s birthday party according to the man?
5． A．Mom doesn’t like wine. B．They’ve already got plenty of wine.
C．They are going to buy what they need. D．They’ve got enough food for the party.
【答案】B
【原文】
W: Dad, shall we go to buy some wine for Mom’s birthday party?
M: What? Don’t we have enough by now?
Q: What does the man imply?
6． A．They can’t speak English. B．The microphone doesn’t work well.
C．They are not familiar with his topic. D．The speaker is speaking too fast.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: There must be something wrong with the microphone the speaker is using. I can hardly catch a word he is saying.
W: Yeah, I can’t understand anything myself.
Question: Why are these people having trouble understanding the speaker?
7． A．John’s job transfer. B．The rapid spread of rumour.
C．The new project in India. D．John’s quarrel with his wife.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: Hey, John. I hear they’re going to send you to India for the new project.
M: News travels fast! I was informed of the job transfer a few hours ago. I still don’t know how to break the news to my wife.
Q: What are the two speakers talking about?
8． A．Sell the broken parts. B．Buy a new one.
C．Make a profitable investment. D．Have the old one fixed.
【答案】B
【原文】
M: My fridge is more than twelve years old and it had worked just fine until last night.
W: You’ll never be able to get parts for it. It might be time to invest in a more recent model.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
9． A．Jack is currently living in the south.
B．Jack is used to wet climate.
C．Jack intends to settle problems through moving to the south.
D．She wants to talk Jack out of moving to the south.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: It turns out that Jack intends to move to a southern city and settle down there.
W: Not if he is told how wet and hot the south is. And I am going to tell him that.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10． A．She doesn’t mind it as the road conditions are good.
B．She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.
C．She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day
D．She enjoys it because she’s good at driving.
【答案】A
【原文】
M:I hear you drive a long way to work every day.
W:Oh, yes. It’s about sixty miles, But it doesn’t seem that far, the road is not bad, and there’s not much traffic.
Q: How does the woman feel about driving to work?
Section B（15分）
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．The location. B．The scenery. C．The seafood. D．The culture.
12．A．Attract whales to the closer shore. B．Tell people where to see whales.
C．Warn people to stay away from shore. D．Go around to gather enough visitors.
13．A．It is held every other year in summer.
B．It helps Whale Crier to show his talents.
C．It guarantees everyone to find something to enjoy.
D．It is one of the best eco-arts festivals in South Africa.
【答案】11．A 12．B 13．C
【原文】
The annual whale festival in Hermanus, South Africa, starts today. The coastal town, located on the Western Cape about 1.5 hours from Cape Town, is famous for whale watching. It is one of the best locations in the world to witness large numbers of southern right whales moving in the season. The festival, which is the only eco-arts festival in South Africa, attracts over 130,000 visitors.
Hermanus also has the world’s only “Whale Crier”, whose job is to go around and tell people where they may see whales — with his horn. Fortunately, the timing of the festival almost guarantees a whale sighting — as close as a few meters from shore!
The whales are, of course, the main attraction of the festival, but many more terrific activities are available. The seaside environment, with the surrounding mountains, makes an ideal setting to enjoy the festival’s musical performances and fantastic seafood. For those who desire more adventure, there’s open water swimming, a night run and sports challenges. Other activities include an old car show, arts and crafts stalls and entertainment for kids. With something for everyone, what more could one ask for?
Questions:
11. What is the reason for so many visitors choosing to watch whales in Hermanus?
12. What does Whale Crier do at the festival?
13. What can we learn about the whale festival?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Conflicts between labor and management.
B．Rights and responsibilities of company employees.
C．Common complaints made by office workers.
D．Health and safety conditions in the workplace.
15．A．They wanted the outdated equipment replaced.
B．They quit work to protect their unborn babies.
C．They sought help from union representatives.
D．They requested to have their posts changed.
16．A．To show how busy they are at work.
B．To show how they love winter sports.
C．To protest against the poor working conditions.
D．To protect themselves against the heating system.
【答案】14．D 15．D 16．C
【原文】
Since a union representative visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections, my co-workers have been worrying about health conditions and complaining about safety risks in the workplace. Several of the employees in the computer department, for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about seven hours a day. An X-ray technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to replace its out-dated equipment. She insists that it’s exposing workers to unnecessarily high doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to inspect the department. I’ve heard that at a factory in the area, two pregnant women, who were working with paint, requested a transfer to a safer department because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request. In another firm the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owner was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met and agreed to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced right away.
Questions
14. What does the talk focus on?
15. What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women?
16. Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．Amish teenagers. B．An online program.
C．Trips to Los Angeles. D．An imaginary community.
18．A．They do not have modern technology. B．They have never left their home.
C．They do not park cars by themselves. D．They have never seen the ocean.
19．A．The modern world likes to teach children to fix machines.
B．The Amish people have no contact with the modern world.
C．The modern world does not welcome the Amish teenagers.
D．The Amish people take horses as a means of transportation.
20．A．Disappointed and sad. B．Upset but excited.
C．Annoyed and unhappy. D．Puzzled but interested.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D
【原文】
M: Have you seen that online program about Amish people?
W: No. Why?
M: Oh, it’s really amazing. It’s about these five Amish teenagers. You know, the Amish community live in the countryside of America, and they don’t have modern technology.
W: No modern technology? Don’t they have computers?
M: No. Nothing. They build their own houses, and ride horses to go here and there in their community. They don’t have cars, or mobile phones or anything.
W: Wow! So, what happens in the program?
M: Well, the program takes five Amish teenagers to live in a big house in Los Angeles, with some other teenagers, who are not Amish.
W: So, the Los Angeles kids teach these Amish people about the modern world?
M: Yes, that’s right. The Amish have never seen televisions before, or computers, videos, washing machines... Nothing.
W: They have never seen them?
M: No. And they take these Amish people to the beach. Can you imagine that the Amish have never seen the ocean before? The program is really good.
W: Yes, it sounds interesting.
M: They also go out to experience VR games and do some shopping.
W: And do the Amish like what they see? Do they like the modern world?
M: Well, they find it very confusing. But everything is very fascinating, even things like car parks! And the girls like wearing the new clothes.
W: Car parks? Do they…
(Now listen again please.)
Questions:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
18. Which is the main factor that makes Amish people special?
19. What can we learn from the conversation?
20. How do the five Amish teenagers feel in the modern world?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）
Section A（10分）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A New Way to Learn Languages
Nowadays, the Internet is changing the way people learn languages. There is still no way to avoid the hard work through vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but since the birth of the Internet, books, tapes and even CDs 21 (replace) by email, video chat and social networks.
Livemocha, a Seattle-based company, has created a website helping people learn more than 38 languages by exchanging messages over the Internet and then 22 (correct) each other’s messages. The lessons, 23 form they are in, are delivered online.
The CEO of Livemocha says the website’s advantage is the context 24 you may practice speaking with a real person. “The great irony is that even if you have learned a foreign language in the classroom for years, you are not confident 25 (go) into a restaurant, striking up a conversation,” he said. The casual connections with real people throughout the world are not just fun and surprising but reveal more about 26 the language is really used.
Livemocha is now experimenting with many ways that resemble the games 27 (find) on other social websites to motivate people. Besides, each person can set up a profile 28 includes a short self-description and what language he or she would like to learn. Therefore, if you want to learn one language, you will easily find many people fluent in this language. And it becomes 29 (challenging) to find a study partner. An email or two is all it takes.
There are more and more companies like Livemocha offering online language learning to students throughout the world. 30 merely helping people practice different languages, they also enable people to share interests and make new friends
【参考答案】
21． have been replaced 22．correcting 23．whatever 24．where 25．to go
26．how 27．found 28．which/that 29．less challenging 30．Instead of
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网上交换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习语言。
【详情解析】
21．考查时态和语态。句意：词汇表和语法规则仍然是无法避免的，但自从互联网诞生以来，书籍、磁带甚至cd都被电子邮件、视频聊天和社交网络所取代。设空处为谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语since the birth of the Internet，可知应用现在完成时，故填have been replaced。
22．考查动名词。句意：总部位于西雅图的Livemocha公司创建了一个网站，通过在互联网上交换信息，然后互相纠正信息，帮助人们学习超过38种语言。设空处和exchanging messages over the Internet并列作介词by的宾语，应用动名词，故填correcting。
23．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是何种形式的课程，都是在线授课。分析可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，表示无论什么，故填whatever。
24．考查定语从句。句意：Livemocha的首席执行官表示，该网站的优势在于，你可以在其中练习与真人交谈。设空处连接定语从句，修饰先行词the context，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
25．考查不定式。句意：他说：“最具讽刺意味的是，即使你在教室里学了多年外语，你也没有信心走进一家餐馆，与人搭讪。”短语be confident to do，意为“有信心去做某事”，符合句意，故填to go。
26．考查宾语从句。句意：与世界各地真实的人的随意联系不仅有趣和令人惊讶，而且还揭示了语言的真实使用方式。设空处连接宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故填how。
27．考查过去分词。句意：Livemocha现在正在尝试许多类似于其他社交网站上的游戏的方法来激励人们。设空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the games作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填found。
28．考查定语从句。句意：此外，每个人都可以建立一个档案，其中包括简短的自我描述和他或她想学的语言。设空处引导定语从句，修饰名词profile，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
29．考查形容词。句意：寻找学习伙伴也变得不那么困难了。设空处为形容词作表语，表示不那么困难的，应用比较级，故填less challenging。
30．考查固定短语。句意：它们不仅能帮助人们练习不同的语言，还能让人们分享兴趣和结交新朋友。根据句意，可应用短语instead of，意为“代替……，而不是……”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Instead of。
Section B（10分）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A． addressing    B．adoption    C． attend    D．budgeting    E. cautions F. correspond    
G. extended     H. hesitancy    I. packages    J. regardless K. rigid                
Top work-life balance benefits for 2023“Flexibility is the gold standard of work-life balance benefits,” says Jonathan Pas, health care leader at consulting firm Mercer.
It’s no surprise then that two years after the pandemic forced most office workers to perform their jobs remotely. 78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey. But there’s still some 31 : only 9% say they will allow employees to work remotely daily.
32 , flexibility around when employees work is just as important as where. In the survey, 66% of employers said they would offer flexible work schedules over the course of a typical work day, such as specific times during the week to 33 to personal matters and four-day work weeks. Employees no longer want to organize their personal life around a(n) 34 work schedule but instead want the two interwoven, so they can decide what to prioritize and when.
Pas 35 against making hollow promises about a company’s commitment to work-life balance. “If employees feel a disconnection between programs that are rolled out and what senior leaders really expect, credibility is questioned, and the goodwill created through the program is denied.” He cites paid time off to volunteer, which almost half (45%) of companies say they will add to their benefits 36 next year.
Other benefits requiring a broader organizational buy-in are sabbaticals(公休假) and unlimited vacation days. Both benefits encourage employees to pursue interests outside of work with 37 periods off. Still, if they feel a dishonour associated with taking advantage of them, they’ll be hesitant to do so. The relatively low 38 rates for 2023, though—only 12% for sabbaticals and 15% for unlimited vacation—indicate that employers are still against paying employees not to work.
Instead, they prefer to find new ways to give employees more money, with the rise of employer-funded lifestyle accounts, which are often reserved for big-ticket items that might otherwise require some 39 . Nevertheless, only 12% of employers said they would add lifestyle accounts in 2023, and 70% said they are considering them, which could indicate a trend on the horizon.
But perhaps the most telling statistic about the importance of 40 work-life balance is the number of companies that said they don’t plan to offer any additional benefits to support work-life balance: a mere 5%.
【参考答案】
31．H 32．J 33．C 34．K 35．E 36．I 37．G 38．B 39．D 40．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，分析了2023年可以给员工平衡工作和生活的一些高福利，如灵活性、公休假和无限休假等。
【详情解析】
31．【H】考查名词。句意：但仍有一些犹豫：只有9%的人表示他们将允许员工每天远程工作。根据空前的“some”可知，空处应填名词。根据上一句“78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey.(美世公司的一项调查显示，78%的雇主表示，他们将允许员工在2023年继续定期这样做。)”和本句中的But可知，上下文是转折关系，这里表示仍有一些公司犹豫。hesitancy“犹豫”，为不可数名词，符合题意。故选H项。
32．【J】考查副词。句意：不管怎样，员工何时工作的灵活性和在哪里工作的灵活性同样重要。分析句子结构，空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。regardless“不管怎样”，为副词，符合题意。故选J项。
33．【C】考查动词。句意：在调查中，66%的雇主表示，他们会在一个典型的工作日内提供灵活的工作时间表，例如一周中处理个人事务的特定时间和一周工作四天。根据空前的不定式符号to可知，空处应填动词原形。根据空后的“to personal matters”可知，这里表示处理个人事情。attend to意为“对付，处理”。故选C项。
34．【K】考查形容词。句意：员工不再希望围绕严格的工作时间表来安排他们的个人生活，而是希望两者交织在一起，这样他们就可以决定优先处理什么事情以及何时处理。根据空前的a(n)和空后的“work schedule”可知，空处应用形容词。再结合本段第一句中的“flexibility”可知，这里表示不想围绕死板的工作时间表。rigid“死板的，严格的”符合题意。故选K项。
35．【E】考查动词。句意：Pas警告不要对公司为工作与生活平衡所做的保证做出空洞的承诺。分析句子结构，空处应为本句的谓语，且主语Pas为单数名词，所以谓语应用单数形式。caution“警告”符合题意。cautions在句中作谓语。故选E项。
36．【I】考查名词。句意：他列举了带薪休假做志愿者的例子，近一半（45%）的公司表示，他们将在明年把带薪休假增加到福利计划中。benefits package意为“福利计划”，符合题意。故选I项。
37．【G】考查形容词。句意：这两项福利都鼓励员工在延长时间休假的情况下追求工作之外的爱好。根据空后的名词“periods”可知，空处应用形容词。根据空前的“pursue interests outside of work”可知，工作之余追求爱好需要较长的休假。extended“延长了的，扩展了的”符合题意。故选G项。
38．【B】考查名词。句意：然而，2023年的采用率相对较低，只有12%的雇主采用公休假和15%的雇主采用无限休假，这表明雇主仍然反对支付员工不工作的工资。分析句子结构，空处可填名词，作定语修饰rates。根据下文中的“employers are still against”可知，这里是说雇主采用公休假和无限休假的比例。adoption“采用（想法、计划、名字等）”为名词，符合题意。故选B项。
39．【D】考查名词。句意：相反，随着雇主资助的生活方式账户的兴起，他们更喜欢找到新的方式给员工更多的钱，这些账户通常是为可能需要一些预算的大额项目保留的。根据空前的动词“require”和“some”可知，空处应用名词。根据前面的“big-ticket items”可知，大额项目会需要提前做好预算。budgeting“预算”为名词，符合题意。故选D项。
40．【A】考查动词。句意：但关于解决工作与生活平衡的重要性，最能说明问题的统计数据可能是，有多少公司表示不打算提供任何额外的福利来支持工作与生活的平衡：只有5%。根据空前的介词of和空后的“work-life balance”可知，空处应填动名词。addressing在这里作动名词。address“处理，对付”符合题意。故选A项。
III. Reading Comprehension（45分）
Section A（15分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For a start, we’re not sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is, which complicates our every conversation about what effect it will have on our lives. We can’t even really 41 what intelligence is in humans, where the conversation inevitably goes away from science and into philosophy.
As neither a scientist nor a philosopher, but with decades of personal experience on the front lines of both human and machine cognition (认知), I prefer to focus on the 42 . AI will be the greatest technological advance since the Internet turned the world into a living stream of data. It will eventually be more 43 than the Internet, changing every part of our lives in seen and unseen ways. And it’s already 44 .
From medical diagnosis to investment banking, from hiring staff to educating our children, these increasingly 45 systems are changing the world. Whether you find this terrifying or wonderful is important, because public 46 drives education, investment, and regulation, making the outcome a type of self-fulfilling promise. 47 , if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful, it won’t stop it, but it could make the outcome much worse. Powerful new technology nearly always causes distress before producing broad benefits. By slowing down our progress out of unreasoning 48 , we lengthen the distress stage by delaying the next waves of breakthroughs needed to produce the broader benefits.
There are real and immediate 49 about the increase in intelligent machines, especially autonomous ones. Rising inequality if automation hits lower-income people harder, personal data being used improperly by companies… None of these issues come anywhere close to an existential threat – the killer robots of Hollywood or the super-intelligent AI that sees no reason to 50 . It’s as if everyone were curious about how we might all one day be killed by robots.
As a member of the executive board of the Foundation for Responsible Robotics and as a security ambassador for Avast Software, I’ve become all too 51 the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines. And I’m glad that great minds like Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk are voicing their concerns, and that top AI authorities like Nick Bostrom are mapping out the 52 possibilities. After all, we live with nuclear power that could literally destroy the planet, and we certainly want it to be monitored and used 53 .
But like all our inventions, AI is capable of being used for good or evil. 54 matters, and so making better humans will always be more important than making smarter machines. Above all, we must keep 55 , because the only solution for the problems caused by today’s technology is tomorrow’s.
41．A．tell apart B．disapprove of C．glance at D．agree on
42．A．theoretical B．practical C．physical D．mental
43．A．specialized B．transformative C．predictable D．irrelevant
44．A．happening B．misleading C．worsening D．changing
45．A．intense B．annoying C．capable D．simple
46．A．health B．image C．service D．opinion
47．A．In short B．What’s more C．That is D．As a result
48．A．fear B．deed C．manner D．passion
49．A．rumors B．remarks C．mysteries D．concerns
50．A．take humans in B．keep humans around C．give humans up D．put humans away
51．A．familiar with B．ignorant of C．superior to D．unhappy about
52．A．newest B．best C．oldest D．worst
53．A．occasionally B．responsibly C．immediately D．genuinely
54．A．Technology B．Morality C．Intelligence D．Automation
55．A．moving forward B．looking upon C．calming down D．running away
【参考答案】
41． D 42．B 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．D 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．B
51．A 52．D 53．B 54．B 55．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是AI的发展在改变我们生活的同时也让我们很担忧，但是我们还是要继续前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。
【详情解析】
41．【D】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达成一致，这个话题不可避免地从科学转向哲学。A. tell apart分辨；B. disapprove of不赞成；C. glance at看一眼；D. agree on达成一致。根据上文“we’re not sure what artificial intelligence (AI) is”可知，句子表示“我们甚至不能就人类的智力是什么达成一致”。故选D。
42．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我既不是科学家也不是哲学家，但我在人类和机器认知的前沿都有几十年的个人经验，所以我更喜欢关注实际。A. theoretical理论的；B. practical实际的；C. physical物理的；D. mental精神的。根据下文“AI will be the greatest technological advance since the Internet turned the world into a living stream of data”可知，作者更关注实际情况。故选B。
43．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它最终将比互联网更具变革性，以可见或不可见的方式改变我们生活的方方面面。A. specialized专业的；B. transformative有改革能力的；C. predictable可预测的；D. irrelevant不相关的。根据下文“changing every part of our lives”可知，AI比互联网更具变革性。故选B。
44．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这已经发生了。A. happening发生；B. misleading误导；C. worsening恶化；D. changing改变。根据上文“changing every part of our lives”和现实情况可知，AI已经正在改变我们的生活，因此空格处用“发生”。故选A。
45．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从医疗诊断到投资银行业务，从招聘员工到教育我们的孩子，这些日益强大的系统正在改变世界。A. intense严肃紧张的；B. annoying令人恼火的；C. capable能干的；D. simple简单的。根据上文“From medical diagnosis to investment banking, from hiring staff to educating our children”可知，医疗诊断，投资银行业务，招聘员工和教育孩子，这些系统都是很能干的。故选C。
46．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你觉得这是可怕的还是美妙的，这都很重要，因为公众舆论推动着教育、投资和监管，使结果成为一种自我实现的承诺。A. health健康；B. image图像；C. service服务；D. opinion看法。根据上文“you find this terrifying or wonderful”可知，此处说的是大众对AI的看法。故选D。
47．【C】考查固定短语辨析。句意：也就是说，如果人们发现智能机器的快速发展是可怕的，而不是美妙的，它不会阻止它，但它可能会使结果变得更糟。A. In short简而言之；B. What’s more此外；C. That is也就是说；D. As a result结果。根据上文“public ___46___ drives education, investment, and regulation, making the outcome a type of self-fulfilling promise”和下文“if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful, it won’t stop it”可知，空后是在解释前面这句话，因此空格处是“也就是说”。故选C。
48．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展，我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛利益所需的突破，从而延长痛苦阶段。A. fear害怕；B. deed行为；C. manner态度，举止；D. passion热情。根据上文“if people find the rapid advance of intelligent machines terrifying instead of wonderful”可知，句子表示“由于毫无理由的恐惧而放慢我们的进展，我们就会拖延下一波产生更广泛利益所需的突破，从而延长痛苦阶段”，空格处意为“害怕”。故选A。
49．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于智能机器，尤其是自主机器的增长，存在着切实而紧迫的担忧。A. rumors谣言；B. remarks言论；C. mysteries奥秘；D. concerns担心，忧虑。根据下文“Rising inequality if automation hits lower-income people harder, personal data being used improperly by companies”可知，此处指的是人们有担忧。故选D。
50．【B】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果自动化对低收入人群的冲击更大，不平等加剧，个人数据被公司不当使用……这些问题都不会对生存构成威胁——好莱坞的杀手机器人，或者认为没有理由让人类留在身边的超级智能人工智能。A. take humans in接纳人类；B. keep humans around让人类留在身边；C. give humans up放弃人类；D. put humans away把人类关起来。根据上文“the killer robots of Hollywood”和下文“It’s as if everyone were curious about how we might all one day be killed by robots”可知，此处表示“认为没有理由让人类留在身边的超级智能人工智能”。故选B。
51．【A】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：作为Foundation for Responsible Robotics的执行委员会成员和Avast Software的安全大使，我对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。A. familiar with熟悉；B. ignorant of对……无知；C. superior to优于；D. unhappy about不高兴。根据下文“After all, we live with nuclear power that could literally destroy the planet, and we certainly want it to be monitored”可知，作者对这些人工智能增强的机器可能给我们带来的真正威胁太熟悉了。故选A。
52．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴像斯蒂芬·霍金和埃隆·马斯克这样的伟大思想家表达了他们的担忧，像尼克·博斯特罗姆这样的顶级人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性。A. newest最新的；B. best最好的；C. oldest最旧的；D. worst最坏的。根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines”可知，此处指的是“人工智能专家正在规划最坏的可能性”。故选D。
53．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，我们生活在可以摧毁地球的核能中，我们当然希望它得到负责任的监控和使用。A. occasionally偶尔；B. responsibly认真负责地；C. immediately立刻；D. genuinely真诚地。根据上文“the real threats we may be faced with due to these AI-enhanced machines”可知，人工智能增强的机器对我们有威胁，所以希望它得到负责任的监控和使用。故选B。
54．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：道德很重要，所以创造更好的人类永远比创造更智能的机器更重要。A. Technology技术；B. Morality道德；C. Intelligence智力；D. Automation自动化。根据上文“AI is capable of being used for good or evil.”和下文“making better humans will always be more important than making smarter machines”可知，因为AI可能对人类不好，所以在创造智能机器时道德很重要，所以创造更好的人类永远比创造更智能的机器更重要。故选B。
55．【A】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，我们必须不断前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。A. moving forward朝前方前进；B. looking upon看待；C. calming down平静下来；D. running away跑开。根据下文“because the only solution for the problems caused by today’s technology is tomorrow’s”可知，我们必须不断前进，因为解决今天技术造成的问题的唯一办法就是明天的技术。故选A。
Section B（22分）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Eight steps to refocus your anxiety
Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope.
This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.
Take a break from the news. Doomscrolling can be addictive and increase the tragic nature of events. In one study, researchers found that those who were immersed in the Boston Marathon bombing news for multiple hours a day in the week after the event experienced higher stress than individuals who were on the scene. I advise those who are feeling depressed by the headlines to read the news just once a day, turn off alerts on their phone and, if possible, check social media less often.
Take care of yourself. You have to be in good fighting shape to cope with the current problems. That means boosting your resilience (韧性) by taking care of your nervous system (sleep well, eat well, exercise wisely) and engaging in positive activities.
Focus on the present. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the here and now. Worrying about the future is not helpful.
Try a breathing exercise. Taking a few deep breaths — for instance, breathing in into the count of five and breathing out to the count of five — will help calm your sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight response) and lower your anxiety. At the very least, breathing gives you something to do when your feel your heart rate pounding quickly.
Think about your victories. Remind yourself of what’s working well in your own life — whether it’s your job, friendships, or the array of houseplants you cultivated during the pandemic.
Be your own therapist. Ask yourself, what do I specifically feel hopeless about and why? Being able to put into words what’s getting you down can help you feel less flooded by emotions and better able to process the information rationally(理性地).
Take action. Worrying doesn’t help one’s mental health, but taking action does. Look around your community. Maybe your local playground would benefit from a basketball court, or your church could sponsor a refugee family. When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.
Join forces with a friend. Pick a cause. There are hundreds of nonprofits dedicated to addressing some of the most biggest challenges on the planet. Donate money to an inspiring organization or volunteer.
56．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To encourage people to help those in need. B．To help those in need of help relieve anxiety.
C．To urge people to take action to help themselves. D．To cheer readers up and boost a feeling of optimism.
57．What does the underlined part of the sentence mean?
A．“stopping moving and staying where you are” B．“focusing on the present moment”
C．“placing yourself in a favorable environment” D．“forgetting about the losses and gains”
58．Which of the following statements is in line with the author’s advice?
A．Only check social media once a day.
B．Involve oneself in activities that boost one’s nervous system.
C．Think of the past victories.
D．Engage in local issues and make contributions.
【参考答案】
56．B 57．B 58．D
【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几种可以帮助人们缓解焦虑的方法。
【详情解析】
56．【B】推理判断题。文章第一、二段讲到“Thinking of issues that seem unfixable can lead to an anxious paralysis, but there’s hope. This is some of the advice I give to those in need of help.  (想到看似无法解决的问题可能会导致焦虑的瘫痪，但还是有希望的。这是我给那些需要帮助的人的一些建议。)”可知写这篇文章的目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人缓解焦虑，故选B。
57．【B】句意猜测题。文章本段主旨句“Focus on the present. (关注当下)”以及下文“Worrying about the future is not helpful.( 担心未来是没有帮助的。)”可推知下划线部分的意思是“关注当下”，故选B。
58．【D】推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“When people engage in local issues, they have a renewed sense of optimism.(当人们参与当地问题时，他们会重新产生乐观情绪。)”可知符合作者的建议的是参与当地问题并做出贡献，故选D。
B
Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text. The free tool has been around for just five weeks but is already raising tough questions about the future of AI in education, the tech industry and a host of professions.
ChatGPT was launched on Nov. 30 and is part of a new generation of AI systems that can chat, generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they’ve learned from a vast database of digital books, online writings and other media. But unlike previous models of so-called “large language models”, such as Open AI’s GPT-3, launched in 2020, the ChatGPT tool is available to anyone with an Internet connection for free and designed to be more user-friendly. It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
Millions of people have played with it over the past month, using it to write silly poems or songs, trying to trick it into making mistakes, or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email.
As with similar systems, ChatGPT can generate convincing prose, but that doesn't mean what it says is factual or logical. Its launch came with little guidance on how to use it, other than a promise that ChatGPT will admit when it's wrong.
Many school districts are still struggling to figure out how to set policies on whether and how it can be used. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success,” said a school’s spokesperson Jenna Lyle from NYC． But there's no stopping a student from accessing ChatGPT from a personal phone or computer at home.
59．What can we learn about the term paper from paragraph 1?
A．It is a result of the improvement of education. B．It can be rated as passing by schoolteachers.
C．It has caught the attention of the public. D．It acts as a model for students to follow.
60．What makes Chat GPT different from GPT-3?
A．ChatGPT can create text. B．ChatGPT can edit digital books.
C．ChatGPT is free of charge to all. D．ChatGPT can ask its users questions.
61．What is Jenna's attitude towards students’ use of Chat GPT?
A．Favourable. B．Tolerant. C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving.
62．What is the best title for the text?
A．How Are Schools Handling Chat GPT?
B．You Can Check When ChatGPT’s Telling the Truth
C．What Is ChatGPT and Why Are Schools Blocking It?
D．Students Are Using ChatGPT to Do Their Homework
【参考答案】
59．B 60．C 61．D 62．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是最近推出的新一代人工智能系统，功能强大，但是美国纽约市的一些学校决定在学校设备和网络上限制ChatGPT，因为学生可能使用它作弊。
【详情解析】
59．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文，甚至可以通过学校考试)”可知，学期论文可以被学校老师评为及格。故选B。
60．【C】细节理解题。根据第二段的 But unlike previous models of so-called“large language models”, such as Open AI’s GPT-3, launched in 2020, the ChatGPT tool is available to anyone with an Internet connection for free and designed to be more user-friendly.(但与之前所谓的“大型语言模型”不同，比如Open AI在2020年推出的GPT-3, ChatGPT工具对任何有互联网连接的人都是免费的，而且设计得更加用户友好)”可知，ChatGPT与GPT-3的不同之处在于ChatGPT面向任何人都是免费的。故选C。
61．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success(虽然这个工具可能能够提供快速而简单的问题答案，但它并不能培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这对学术和终身成功至关重要)”可推断，Jenna对学生使用ChatGPT持否定态度。故选D。
62．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文，甚至可以通过学校考试。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文本段落)”结合文章说明了ChatGPT是最近推出的新一代人工智能系统，功能强大，但是美国纽约市的一些学校决定在学校设备和网络上限制ChatGPT，因为学生可能使用它作弊。故C选项“什么是ChatGPT，为什么学校要屏蔽它？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
C
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: “For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster you acquire new words. This sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that’s been tried and it’s not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
63．The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ________.
A．it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B．it reveals young people’s negative attitude towards verbal study
C．it shows the schools’ inability to meet the national requirements
D．students’ reading and writing ability affects their future development
64．Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence?
A．Children’s lack of language learning ability.
B．Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C．The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D．Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
65．The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ________.
A．children should be trained to understand the content
B．teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C．children’s family background determines their verbal ability
D．teachers should make everything understandable for students
66．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Mathew Effect in Language Learning B．How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C．Try to Understand the Main Idea D．Don’t Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
【参考答案】
63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是高中生语言能力急剧下降的原因以及应对的措施。
【详情解析】
63．【D】细节理解题。根据首段中的“This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal(语言的) score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job.(这是非常令人担忧的，因为衡量我们中小学整体质量的最佳单一指标是17岁学生的平均语言成绩。这个分数与学习新事物的能力、与他人沟通的能力以及获得工作的能力有关。)”可知，这一分数是衡量中小学整体质量的单一指标，而这一分数与学生的学习能力，沟通能力以及获取工作的能力相关，由此可知，之所以担忧是因为学生的阅读能力直接影响了学生未来的发展。故选D项。
64．【C】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach.(最可信的分析表明，主要原因是课程的巨大变化，特别是在关键的早期年级。在“语言大衰退”之前的几十年里，内容丰富的小学经历演变成了内容少、以技能为基础、以考试为中心的方法。)”可知，语言能力下降的原因是在关键的早起年级课程发生巨大变化，课程内容减少，转变为以技能为基础，以考试为中心。故选C项。
65．【A】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: “To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration.”(语言中的马太效应可以这样重述:“对于那些理解主旨的人，应该给予新的单词含义，但对于那些不理解的人，则会感到无聊和沮丧。”。)”可知，马太效应讲述的是理解主要思想的人被赋予新的单词含义，对于不理解的人来说，会感到无聊和沮丧，由此可推断，需要对儿童内容的理解。故选A项。
66．【B】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. (关于教育的最新坏消息是，SAT的阅读和写作分数再次下降，但这并不令人意外。我们高中生的语言能力在20世纪70年代急剧下降，并且从未恢复。)”可知，高中生的语言能力自20世纪70年代急剧下滑且从未恢复，进而在下文中分析了产生这一结果的原因，结合尾段中“Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.(目前的改革策略集中在考试、提高教师素质等方面。对这些结构性问题的关注导致了最好的公立学校的改进。但这还不够。)”可知，就此现象，已经有了一些教育改革策略并得到了一定的改善，但仍是远远不够的，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是语言能力下滑以及采取的相应的策略，所以题目为“如何止住语言分数下降”与本文内容吻合，且概括全文的主题。故选B项。
Section C（8分）
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to support a struggling friend
We’ve all been in situations like this, both big and small and everything in between: from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved one. Common wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved. We really want to help, yet we don’t quite have the words or the tactics.
Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively. 67 A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’ emotions identified 378 distinct strategies. Given this large variety of strategies, it’s no wonder that deciding what to do when you have a friend in tears can be a little challenging.
The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.
Ask questions and really listen
Just as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise, so is trying to empathize too quickly. While this impulse is understandable and quite normal, it is also likely to go wrong. 68 So how might you best address the situation instead? A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling, rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.
A related technique to try is active listening, which is commonly used by therapists, and relatively simple to implement. 69 For example, your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week, describing arguments with their spouse, a mounting workload and some worries about debt, and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now.
Don’t take charge
If your support is too directive and take-charge, it might make your friends feel like they aren’t able to handle things on their own, like a kid who needs their parent’s help to manage their problems.
Instead, it would have been better to ask them what they want, and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one. In doing this, you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own. 70 This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions, without feeling like you did it for them.
A．One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.
B．A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.
C．Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.
D．It’s important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.
E．Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.
F．Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices, rather than dominating them.
【参考答案】
67．C 68．E 69．A 70．F
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些能有效地帮助和支持面对困境的朋友的方法。
【详情解析】
67．【C】上文“Research shows that many people don’t really know what works best to help their friends effectively.”（研究表明，很多人并不知道怎样才能最有效地帮助朋友。）说明在帮助朋友方面，许多人没有有效的方法，结合下文“A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends’ emotions identified 378 distinct strategies.”（一项关于人们用来管理朋友情绪的方法的调查发现了378种不同的策略。）说明策略太多，导致人们无从下手，C项“Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.”（部分挑战在于有太多可能的干预方式。）构成上文“很多人并不知道怎样才能最有效地帮助朋友”的原因，照应下文“378种不同的策略”，衔接恰当。故选C项。
68．【E】上文“Just as playing down a friend’s problem is unwise, so is trying to empathize too quickly. While this impulse is understandable and quite normal, it is also likely to go wrong.”（就像淡化朋友的问题是不明智的一样，试图太快地展示同理心也是不明智的。虽然这种冲动是可以理解的，也是很正常的，但它也可能出错。）说明了太快地向朋友展示自己的同情有时候会出错，结合下文“So how might you best address the situation instead? A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling, rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.”（那么，你如何才能最好地应对这种情况呢? 最近的一项研究表明最好放慢速度，直接询问你的朋友的感受，而不是考虑你在类似情况下的感受。）直接用研究结果展示了解决上文问题的办法，E项“Research has shown that we’re actually really bad at taking other people’s perspectives.”（研究表明我们真的不擅长从别人的角度看问题。）总结上文内容，从而引出下文的解决办法，衔接恰当。故选E项。
69．【A】下文“For example, your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week, describing arguments with their spouse, a mounting workload and some worries about debt, and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now.”（例如，你的朋友可能会花一些时间向你解释他们一周中发生的一系列压力事件，描述他们与配偶的争吵，不断增加的工作量和对债务的担忧，你可能会回答说，听起来他们现在在家庭和工作上都不堪重负。）举例说明了当朋友向你抱怨时，你可以用自己的话来解释朋友说的内容。A项“One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words”（一个有用的技巧是用你自己的话来解释你的朋友所说的话。）与下文举例内容一致。故选A项。
70．【F】上文“Instead, it would have been better to ask them what they want, and how they might be able to change this situation, and then listen to them talk through their options one by one. In doing this, you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.”（相反，最好是问他们想要什么，以及他们可能如何改变这种情况，然后听他们逐一讨论他们的选择。在这样做的过程中，你扮演的是一个参谋的角色，要让他们自己控制局面。）说明在帮助朋友过程中要以朋友为主导，帮助他们获得自己想要的结果。F项“Your aim should be to facilitate the other person’s choices, rather than dominating them.”（你的目标应该是促进他人的选择，而不是支配他们。）总结上文句意，衔接恰当。故选F项。
IV. Summary Writing（10分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Click to download teacher
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison announced in 1913: they would, he believed, soon be replaced by silent films. Each new wave of information technology - radio, television, computers - has led to similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools - especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub - Saharan African countries, half of nine - year - olds cannot read a simple word and three - quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers prompts about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Technology is no cure - all. Good traditional teachers are not outdated, and are never likely to be. And authorities need to hold teachers to account. But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
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【参考答案】
If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach. In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍数字教育技术有助于解决贫穷国家面临的教育问题。
【详情解析】
1 要点摘录
①Like teachers, digital educational technology comes in many forms, from wonderful to awful. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools.
②As for the absence of teachers, if expensive teachers do not turn up to class, government would, surely, fire them? Easier said than done. Poor governments often lack the money to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggested - tech can help. It seems to bring about bigger improvements in poor countries than in rich ones. Some of the scarce resources being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on ed - tech.
④But ed - tech can help greatly - by monitoring pupils and teachers alike, assisting the best teachers and, most important, making up for the failings of the worst.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行精简。
3.遣词造句
If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence.
Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.
In a word, ed-tech can make a big difference because it facilitates teachers’ work and helps regulate teaching quality.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] If used properly, ed-tech will be a solution to educational problems facing poor countries, like poor teaching quality and teachers’ frequent absence. 用一个省略句对文章二三段的部分内容进行总结。
[高分句型2] Actually, poor countries will benefit more than rich ones by spending scarce resources on ed-teach.用一个简单句对文章第四段内容进行总结。
V. Translation（15分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72． 在教练的帮助下，他刻苦训练，保持自律，最终获得成功，这使队友们对他刮目相看。(end up)
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【参考答案】
With the help of the coach, he practised hard, maintained self-disciplined, and ended up achieving success, which made his teammates deeply impressed.
【详情解析】
考查动词，介词短语及定语从句。表达：在某人的帮助下，英语用with the help of sb；表达：教练，英语用the coach；表达：刻苦训练，英语用practise hard；表达：严格自律，英语用maintain self-disciplined；表达：最终获得成功，英语用end up achieving success；使某人刮目相看，英语用 make sb. deeply impressed；表达：他的队友，英语用his teammates。“在教练的帮助下，他刻苦训练，严格自律，最终获得成功，”这是句子的主干；“这使队友们对他刮目相看，”这是补充其他人对他的看法，因此可翻译为非限制性定语从句对主干内容进行补充，which指代前面整个句子，在定语从句中作主语。整句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时。故整句翻译为：With the help of the coach, he practised hard, maintained self- disciplined, and ended up achieving success, which made his teammates deeply impressed.
73． 所幸政府已经实施了“双减”政策来解决教育的内卷问题。(address) （汉译英）
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【参考答案】
Fortunately, the government has implemented the “double reduction” policy to address involution in education.
【详情解析】
考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“所幸”翻译为fortunately，在句中作状语。“政府”翻译为the government，在句中作主语；“实施”翻译为implement，在句中作谓语动词；““双减”政策”翻译为 the “double reduction” policy，在句中作宾语；句中用不定式作目的状语。“解决教育的内卷问题”翻译为address involution in education。根据句中时态可知，用现在完成时。主语the government是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据句意，故翻译为Fortunately, the government has implemented the "double reduction" policy to address involution in education.
74． 除了强身健体之外，体育运动还是保持神清气爽的最佳途径。(strengthen) (汉译英)
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【参考答案】
In addition to strengthening the body, physical exercise is also the best way to refresh oneself.
【详情解析】
考查短语和时态。“除了……之外”用短语in addition to，to为介词，后接动名词形式。“强身健体”翻译为strengthen the body；“体育运动”翻译为physical exercise；“……的途径”用短语way to do sth.“神清气爽”用短语refresh oneself。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为In addition to strengthening the body, physical exercise is also the best way to refresh oneself.
75． 世上没有后悔药，你应该学会的是不念过往，不负当下，不畏将来。(use) (汉译英)
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【参考答案】
It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future.
【详情解析】
考查动词、动词短语和固定句式以及主语从句。表示“世上没有后悔药”可以使用固定句式结构It’s no use doing，此句可以翻译成It’s no use crying over spilt milk；表示“不念过往”短语为forget the past；“不负当下”的动词短语是live in the moment；“不畏将来”的动词短语是embrace the future；这三个短语并列作表语；“你应该学会的是”可以使用what引导的主语从句what you should learn；根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为It’s no use crying over spilt milk, and what you should learn is to forget the past, live in the moment and embrace the future。
VI. Guided Writing（25分）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“Talk and Talk”的栏目，目前正在招募主持人。请给广播站负责人Mr. Li写一封信，应聘这一岗位。信中需包含以下内容：
1) 应聘的理由；
2) 专栏内容的策划。
Dear Mr. Li,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Mr. Li,
I noticed in today’s school newspaper that you were looking for people to be a host of the program named “Talk and Talk”. So I’m writing to say I’d like to apply the position. Here is a brief introduction of myself.
First of all, I am an outgoing person with strong cooperation ability. Secondly, I am very good at English. I can speak fluent spoken English. Finally, and I think this is the most important point, I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this position.
Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk”. In my opinion, we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
Sincerely, if this position is offered to me, I will devote all my wisdom and efforts to it. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英语广播站写一封申请信，应聘“Talk and Talk”的栏目的主持人。信中应包括学生应聘的理由和对专栏内容的策划。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
首先：first of all→first and foremost
此外：secondly→ what’s more
我认为：I think→as far as I am concerned
喜欢：sincerely→ genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk”. In my opinion, we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
拓展句：Of course, I have my own ideas about “Talk and Talk” that we can invite and interview some excellent students to set a good example for students.
【高分句型1】I noticed in today’s school newspaper that you were looking for people to be a host of the program named “Talk and Talk”.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I have relevant experience as a presenter, which will greatly assist me in this position.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）