专题03（阅读理解之说明文）第04期2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递

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2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递（第04期）
专题03（阅读理解之说明文）解析版
















四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2021-2022学年高三第二次联考英语试题
Wildfires have recently seriously destroyed areas across the world. Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed a sensor to detect such wildfires earlier and with less effort.
Present detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks’ bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a sharp temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, with no need to replace batteries. The sudden temperature change will give off electrons (电子) to move within the liquids, creating electrical energy to send the signal.
McCarty, a geographer at Miami University says places such as San Diego—where wild land and city meet—could benefit from sensors like this. When a fire breaks out in a valley that extends to someone’s property, she says, with such a device, “as a homeowner, you will know it earlier than the fire agency.” And she adds that it is even more important to improve cooperation among the different agencies involved in firefighting.
Wang says his team’s next steps are to extend the device’s signal range beyond the present100 meters, which can limit its practical use, and to develop a protective cover for it. The sensor’s effectiveness, Wang notes, will also need to be tested in the field.
28. What can we learn about the new sensor?
A. It replaces batteries itself. B. It produces response more easily.
C. It depends on human observation. D. It sends a wireless signal continuously.
29. What’s McCarty’s attitude towards the new sensor?
A. Critical. B. Ambiguous. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent.
30. What will probably be talked about if the passage continues?
A. How people use the new sensor. B. How much the new sensor costs.
C. How the new sensor comes into effect. D. How Wang’s team better the new sensor.
31. What’s the best title for the text?
A. A research into wildfires. B. A widely accepted new sensor.
C. A new senor to detect wildfires. D. Different opinions on a new sensor.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一个可以探测森林火灾的新的传感器。
【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed a sensor to detect such wildfires earlier and with less effort.”（为了减少危害，中国人民大学化学家王亚培领导的研究人员说，他们已经开发了一种传感器，可以更早地检测此类野火，而且花费的精力更少）和第二段“Present detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response.”（目前的检测方法严重依赖于人类的警惕，这可能会延迟有效的反应）可推知关于这种新型传感器，我们能了解到它更容易产生反应。故选B。
【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“McCarty, a geographer at Miami University says places such as San Diego—where wild land and city meet—could benefit from sensors like this.”（麦卡迪是迈阿密大学的地理学家，他说，像圣地亚哥这样的地方——荒野和城市的交汇处——可以从这样的传感器中受益）可推知麦卡迪对这种新型传感器持支持态度。故选C。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device's signal range beyond the present100 meters, which can limit its practical use, and to develop a protective cover for it. The sensor's effectiveness, Wang notes, will also need to be tested in the field.”（王说，他的团队下一步将把这种设备的信号范围扩大到目前100米以外，这可能会限制它的实际使用，并开发一种保护罩。 Wang指出，传感器的有效性还需要在现场进行测试）可知最后一段介绍了Wang的团队接下来优化传感器的计划，从而可推断出文章接下来有可能会介绍他们具体是怎样进行优化的。故选D。
【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed a sensor to detect such wildfires earlier and with less effort.”（为了减少危害，中国人民大学化学家王亚培领导的研究人员说，他们已经开发了一种传感器，可以更早地检测此类野火，而且花费的精力更少）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章介绍了一个可以探测森林火灾的新的传感器。“探测野火的新传感器”最适合作文章标题，故选C。
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2021-2022学年高三下期月考英语试题（六）
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme（酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars（毛虫）, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
12. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
13. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyze different resistance chemicals.
14. What does Richard Karban really want to know?
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Watchful Plants. B. Greedy Animals.
C. A Snail’s Approach. D. A Defense Attack.
【答案】12. B13. B14. A15. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry（我们只是给它们一些暗示攻击即将来临的线索，这就足以使它们的化学反应发生巨大变化）”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”呼应，故选 B。
【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(最初，Orrock发现这种防御方法对蜗牛有效；在最新的研究中，他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”可推知，下文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证这一点，即：验证研究的结果。故选B。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句并结合对最后一段“The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.( 他补充说，这项研究是全面的，但他想知道，即使蜗牛黏液没有接触到番茄植株，它们是如何感受化学物质的。“这是一个非常重要的问题，”奥罗克说。他希望未来的研究能找出使植物能够感知这些相对遥远的信号的机制)”的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的。故选A。
【15题详解】主旨大意题。第一段中的“New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species(现在新的研究表明，一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种)”是文章的中心句。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应。因此A选项(警觉的植物)适合作标题。故选A。

重庆市西南大学附属中学校2021-2022学年高三下期第六次月考试题
When you really love a book, or have just scored a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it. But those hardcover books can be heavy, and new ones aren’t cheap, either. Sometimes, you’d just rather have a portable paperback—but if it’s a new book you’re after, you might have to wait a full year or so to get it in paperback form. Why are books released as hardcovers first?
Not so long ago, hardcover books were the only type of books. Before the appearance of mass production, print runs were limited, and books were hard-bound and expensive. Around the 1930s, that changed with the production of mass-produced paperback books, which consisted with a huge surge in reading as a leisure activity around World War II. Paperback books were more affordable and cheaper to produce, which still holds true today.
Despite the seeming advantages of paperbacks, there are several reasons why the hardcover has persisted. Because of its history, it conveys a bit more legitimacy (正统性) in the book world than the paperback does. “The hardback is a mark of quality…it shows booksellers and reviewers that this is a book worth paying attention to,” Philip Jones, editor at TheBookseller, explains to TheGuardian.
But the major reason why books come out as hardcovers is that people buy them, despite their higher cost. TheEconomist compares it to movies being released in theaters several months before they arrive on DVD. “Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality,” according to TheEconomist. And because they’re profitable, publishers can gain more from hardcovers, which “will often sell at twice the price of their paperback equivalent but do not cost twice as much to produce,” Jones explains.
8. What can we learn about hardcover books from Paragraph 1?
A. They are exciting.
B. They are heavy but not expensive.
C. They take a long time to come out.
D. They appeal to real book-lovers.
9. What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Dramatic drop. B. Sharp increase. C. Strong blow. D. Swift success.
10. Why are hardcover books still printed today?
A. They are costly and precious. B. They are worth buying.
C. They show readers’ tastes. D. They sell better than paperbacks.
11. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce hardcover books. B. To present a new social finding.
C To explain a confusing phenomenon. D. To encourage people to read books.
【答案】8. D9. B10. B11. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是书籍以精装出版的原因。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“When you really love a book, or have just scored a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it.（当你真的很喜欢一本书，或者刚买了一本你非常想看的新书，拿起一本光滑、闪亮的精装书，打开的时候会有一点吱吱作响，这是一件令人兴奋的事情。）”可知，精装书吸引真正的书迷，故选D。
【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“the production of mass-produced paperback books（大量生产平装书）”和“which consisted with a huge surge in reading（与阅读量的surge同时出现）”可推知，大量生产平装书肯定是与读书人数的增加同时出现的，因此划线词surge的意思是“激增”，即sharp increase，故选B。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the major reason why books come out as hardcovers is that people buy them, despite their higher cost.（但书籍以精装出版的主要原因是，尽管价格较高，人们还是会买。）”及“Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality（就像电影迷喜欢在大屏幕上看电影一样，收藏家们也喜欢精装书的卓越品质）”可推断出，现在还在印刷精装书是因为它们值得购买。故选B。
【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Why are books released as hardcovers first?（为什么书籍首先以精装出版？）”可知，本文主要讲的是书籍以精装出版的原因，因此本文目的是解释一个令人困惑的现象。故选C。

重庆市南开中学2021-2022学年高三第六次英语质量检测试题
Please don't feel singled out, special, or view yourself as a chosen one. She bites everyone. This is just the nature of the beast. There is absolutely no truth to the persistent myths that mosquitoes fancy females over males; that they prefer blondes and redheads over those with darker hair；or that the darker or rougher your skin, the safer you are from her bite. It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.
Blood type O seems to be the choice over types A and B or AB. People with blood type O get bitten twice as often as those with type A, with type B falling somewhere in between.
Those who have higher natural levels of certain chemicals in their skin, particularly lactic acid （乳酸），also seem to be more attractive. From these elements, she can analyze which blood type you are. These are the same chemicals that determine an individual’s level of skin bacteria and unique body smell.
Mosquitoes are also attracted by perfumes, soaps, and other applied fragrances. While this may seem unfair to many of you, she also has a desire for beer drinkers.
Wearing bright colors is also not a wise choice, since she hunts by both sight and smell, the latter depending chiefly on the amount of carbon dioxide sent out by the potential target. So she can smell carbon dioxide from over 200 feet away. When you exercise, for example, you emit more carbon dioxide through both breath and output. You also sweat, releasing those appetizing chemicals, primarily lactic acid, that invites the mosquito's attention.
Lastly, your body temperature rises, which is an easily identifiable heat signature. On average, pregnant women suffer twice as many bites, as they have a slightly raised body temperature.
Please don't go on a shower, exercise or give up your beloved beer and bright T-shirts just yet. Unfortunately, 85% of what makes you attractive to mosquitoes is fixed in advance in your genetic circuit board （电路板）.At the end of the day, she will find blood from any exposed target of opportunity.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To explain the reasons for mosquito bites.
BTo introduce a new discovery to the readers.
C. To prove that everyone suffers mosquito bites.
D. To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
9. Which element has nothing to do with mosquito bites?
A. Blood type. B. Chemicals of bacteria.
C. Color of clothes. D. Body temperature.
10. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. All the mosquito bites are caused by your genetic circuit board.
B. Your blood will be targeted by mosquitoes at every opportunity.
C. Mosquito bites can be avoided if you give up some relevant habits.
DYour genes determine your attractiveness to mosquitoes to a great extent.
11. What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. Keep off Mosquitoes B. Mosquito Bites Let Nobody off
C. Why are You a Mosquito Feeder D. Mosquitoes, a Threat to Our Health
【答案】8. D9. B10. D11. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述为什么有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬的相关知识。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“She bites everyone. This is just the nature of the beast. There is absolutely no truth to the persistent myths that mosquitoes fancy females over males; that they prefer blondes and redheads over those with darker hair；or that the darker or rougher your skin, the safer you are from her bite.It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.”（她咬每个人。这就是野兽的本性。关于蚊子喜欢雌性而不是雄性的说法是绝对不正确的；他们更喜欢金发和红发，而不是深色头发；或者你的皮肤越黑或粗糙，你就越安全然而，她确实更喜欢叮咬一些人是真的。）可知，这是在和上文构成对比，使读者对蚊子为什么会更喜欢叮咬一些人而产生探索兴趣。故选D。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Blood type O seems to be the choice over types A and B or AB.”（O血型似乎比A,B,AB血型更是他们的选择。），第五段“Wearing bright colors is also not a wise choice”（穿亮颜色衣服也不是好的选择），和第六段“Lastly, your body temperature rises, which is an easily identifiable heat signature. On average, pregnant women suffer twice as many bites, as they have a slightly raised body temperature.”（最后，你的体温上升是一种很容易辨认的热信号。平均来说，怀孕的女士被叮咬的可能是别人的两倍，因为她们有稍微高的体温。）可知，血型，衣服颜色和体温都会对蚊子是否叮咬有影响，只有B选项没有关系。故选B。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段这句话“Unfortunately, 85% of what makes you attractive to mosquitoes is fixed in advance in your genetic circuit board （电路板）.”（不幸的是，你是否会吸引蚊子的叮咬，85%都是由你的遗传电路板提前决定的。）可知，很大程度上来说，一个人的基因决定了他是否会吸引蚊子的叮咬。故选D。
【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.”（然而，她确实更喜欢叮咬一些人是真的。）以及下文具体介绍了有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬的原因可知，这篇文章主要是在向读者说明为什么有些人会吸引蚊子的叮咬。故选C。

辽宁省铁岭市六校2021-2022学年高三3月联考英语试题
The key to a successful garage sale is to get the word out. The best way of advertising your sale is to place an ad in the local newspaper. If you have a city and neighborhood paper, make sure you advertise in both. The ad should be large enough to stand out. It should also include information on where the sale is located with directions, the “hot" items you're selling and the time when the sale will start and end. An ad should be placed at least two days before the sale and run until the day of your event. That way people can plan their route to the sale in advance.
Signs must be another great way to inform your community. Post them where people gather, such as stores and community centers. Some businesses have a central bulletin board, which is the best place to advertise. Other places to post are at the local college or university campus. This is especially helpful if your sale is happening in August or early September when students have returned to school and are looking for cheap finds.
Post signs round your neighborhood. You should also place both ads and direction signs, especially if you're located on a side street without a major presence. Signs will attract and direct people. Just make sure your print is in bold letters and use large direction signs so that people can read the information from the front seat of their car.
8. You should place an ad at least two days before the sale so that people can ________.
A. get enough cash for the sale B. compare prices of the items
C. select the items they will buy D. decide on their route beforehand
9. Why should signs be posted in a community center?
A. Schools are nearby. B. There are many stores.
C. Students often meet there. D. More people gather there.
10. What advice is given for printing the signs according to the last paragraph?
A. Colored signs are preferred. B. Bold letters should be used.
C. Large pictures should be included. D. Phone numbers should be provided.
11. The best title for the passage might be ________.
A. Advertising Garage Sales B. Advantages of Garage Sales
C. Importance of Garage Sales D. Printing Ads for Garage Sales
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了几种如何将车库甩卖办得成功的方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An ad should be placed at least two days before the sale and run until the day of your event. That way people can plan their route to the sale in advance.（广告应该在售卖前两天就登上，并且一直登到你售卖的那天，这样的话，人们就可以提前计划他们的安排。）”可知，你应该提前至少两天将广告登出来，这样的话，人们就可以提前安排，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Signs must be another great way to inform your community. Post them where people gather, such as stores and community centers.（告示是通知社区的另一个好的方式。将他们贴在人群聚集的地方，比如说商店以及社区中心。）”可知，告示贴在社区中心是因为很多人聚集在此地，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Signs will attract and direct people. Just make sure your print is in bold letters and use large direction signs so that people can read the information from the front seat of their car.（告示会吸引人们，并为他们指引方向。只是要确保你告示上的文字是粗体并且要使用方向标，这样的话人们就可以在车的前排座就能看到准确的信息。）”可知，印刷告示应使用粗体字，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The key to a successful garage sale is to get the word out. The best way of advertising your sale is to place an ad in the local newspaper.（车库甩卖成功的关键在于将消息传递出去。为你车库甩卖打广告的最好的方式就是在当地报纸上登上一则广告。）”可知，本文为成功进行车库甩卖打广告提出了几种好的建议，故A项“为车库甩卖打广告”符合文章的标题，故选A。

辽宁省铁岭市六校2021-2022学年高三3月联考英语试题
Many people think daydreaming is bad for their emotions and has negative effects on their life and those around them. It makes adapting to life very hard and brains work less effectively.
Contrary to common ideas, the brains of people who are daydreaming might not stop working, but may be working harder, new research has shown. Scientists scanned the brains of people lying inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as they pushed buttons or rested in turn. The scans showed that the “default (默认的) network” deep inside a human brain becomes more active during daydreaming.
In a surprise finding, the scans also showed strong activity in the executive network, the outlying region of the brain associated with complex problem-solving, says Professor Kalina Christoff, who is a co-author of the study. “People assume that when the mind wanders away, it just gets turned off—but we show the opposite. When it wanders, it is turned on.” says Christoff.
The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest, “People who let themselves daydream might not think in the same focused way as when performing a goal-oriented task, but they bring in more mental and brain resources,” says Christoff.
F. Diane Barth said at Psychology Today that the more we daydream, the more our brain is able to hold onto the task when we are being bombarded (轰炸) from all sides by all kinds of noises, information input, and conflicting demands. You're not trying to escape the task at hand; rather, you're trying to get rid of all of the information and stimuli (刺激物) that could pose as bothers.
According to Christoff, people typically spend one third of their waking time daydreaming. “It is a big part of our lives, but it has been largely ignored by science,” she says. “The study is the first to use MRIs to study brain activity during spontaneous thoughts and subjective experiences. Until now the only way is to use self-reports that are not always reliable.”
12. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Scientists. B. Scans. C. MRI machines. D. Study subjects.
13. The findings by Christoff show daydreaming ________.
A may help us get relaxed B. may be beneficial to our health
C. may use less energy than focusing D. may help us arrive at solutions faster
14. Which of the following may Barth agree with?
A. Daydreaming provides us with many stimuli.
B. Daydreaming is actually an act of concentration.
C. Daydreaming can make us forget unhappy things.
D. Daydreaming reminds us of more useful information.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. MRIs are reliable to study brain activity.
B. People should spend more time daydreaming.
C. More studies about daydreaming need to be done.
D. People should make full use of daydreaming time.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。许多人认为做白日梦对他们的情绪有害，有负面影响，使得适应生活非常困难，大脑的工作效率也更低，但是一项研究表明，与通常的想法相反，那些正在做白日梦的人的大脑可能不会停止工作，可能会更加努力地工作。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Scientists scanned the brains of people lying inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as they pushed buttons or rested in turn.(科学家们扫描了躺在磁共振成像(MRI)机器里的人的大脑，当他们轮流按下按钮或休息时。)”可知，科学家轮流按下按钮和休息，因此此处they指代“scientists”。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In a surprise finding, the scans also showed strong activity in the executive network, the outlying region of the brain associated with complex problem-solving, says Professor Kalina Christoff, who is a co-author of the study. (令人惊讶的是，扫描结果还显示了执行网络的强烈活动，这是大脑中与复杂问题解决相关的边远区域，该研究的合著者卡丽娜·克里斯托夫教授说。)”可知，克里斯托夫的发现表明做白日梦的时候大脑中与复杂问题解决相关的边远区域活动剧烈，故推断白日梦可以帮助我们更快地解决问题。故选D项。

【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“F. Diane Barth said at Psychology Today that the more we daydream, the more our brain is able to hold onto the task when we are being bombarded (轰炸) from all sides by all kinds of noises, information input, and conflicting demands. You're not trying to escape the task at hand; rather, you're trying to get rid of all of the information and stimuli (刺激物) that could pose as bothers.( F·黛安·巴斯在《今日心理学》说，我们做白日梦越多，当我们被来自四面八方的各种各样的噪音、信息输入和相互冲突的需求轰炸时，我们的大脑越能够保持在任务上。你不是努力逃避手头的任务，相反，你想努力摆脱所有可能会造成困扰的信息和刺激。)”可知，Barth认为白日梦实际上是一种专注的行为。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The study is the first to use MRIs to study brain activity during spontaneous thoughts and subjective experiences. Until now the only way is to use self-reports that are not always reliable.(这项研究首次使用核磁共振成像技术来研究自发思维和主观体验时的大脑活动。到目前为止，唯一的方法是使用并不总是可靠的自我报告。)”可知，现在的研究主要使用自我报告，往往不值得完全信赖，故可以推测想要更好研究白日梦，需要做更多的研究。故选C项。


河北省部分名校2021-2022学年高三3月份联考英语试题
Researchers from London’s Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.
According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.
In this study, the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and where they’ve lived.
The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide(NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but resembled the ventricles in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.
“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor,” Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from Queen Mary University. “The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”
Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen Mary University, “We can’t expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harm.”
28. What is the finding of the study?
A. Air pollution causes many people to die.
B. People have big problems of heart health.
C. People’s houses have a great effect on the heart.
D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.
29. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about heart failure?
A. It can be cured easily. B. It remains a serious threat.
C. It’s the most common illness. D. It causes people to suffer cancers.
30. What did the team find on the participants exposed to air pollution?
A. They had many health problems. B. Their ventricles worked better.
C. Their hearts were out of danger. D. The size of their hearts was bigger.
31. Which of the following is Dr. Nay Aung’s suggestion?
A. Moving to safer areas. B. Living far away from crowds.
C. Taking notice of air pollution. D. Taking blood pressure regularly.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究表明，空气污染能改变人的心脏结构。这种现象类似于早期的心脏衰竭。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.(科学家们在周五的《循环》(Circulation)杂志上透露，空气污染会对心脏造成损害，其程度相当于心力衰竭的早期阶段。)”可知，该研究发现空气污染能危害人的心脏，使心脏处于衰竭的危险中。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.(据埃默里医疗中心(Emory Healthcare)称，在过去50年里，死亡人数平均每十年下降12%左右，但每年有28.7万人死于心力衰竭。每年因心力衰竭住院的人数比因癌症住院的人数加起来还要多。)”可知，心脏衰竭对人类来说依旧是很大的威胁。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide(NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned.(研究小组发现，当受试者居住的地方离繁忙的道路较近，且暴露在二氧化氮(NOz)环境中时，他们的左心室和右心室会变大。二氧化氮是燃料燃烧时进入空气中的物质。)”可知，研究团队发现当参与者们暴露在污染的空气下，他们的左心室和右心室就会变大。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.(当公众考虑他们的心脏健康时，他们都需要意识到他们的暴露，就像他们考虑他们的血压和体重一样。)”可知，Dr. NayAung告诉人们要注意空气污染。故选C。


河北省部分名校2021-2022学年高三3月份联考英语试题
If you’re trying to build something that won’t sink, making it out of metal seems like a terrible idea. We make boats and ships out of metal because it’s strong and lasts a long time, but it weighs a lot and, if something goes wrong, there’s nothing stopping it from sinking to the bottom.
Researchers from the University of Rochester have come up with a potential solution. It’s a metal that absolutely hates water, strongly repelling (排斥) it and creating pockets of air that allow the metal to float under just about any circumstance. Its inventors believe it could revolutionize ship design and create truly unsinkable boats.
The secret is a special pattern that is etched (蚀刻) into the surface and that traps air and prevents water from making contact, pushing it away. The team says this superhydrophobic (超疏水的) etching technique was inspired by the natural world. The bodies of fire ants a hydrophobic, and spiders that make underwater webs use their bodies to trap air and carry them beneath the surface.
“The essential insight is that superhydrophobic surfaces can trap a large air volume, which points towards the possibility of using the surfaces to create buoyant devices,” the researchers explain in a new research paper.
To demonstrate how the metal behaves, the researchers designed an experiment with two seemingly identical metal discs. One of the disks was normal metal, while the other was the same material with the special etching technique applied. As you know, the superhydrophobic metal disc refused to sink, even when pushed deep beneath the water.
Perhaps even more important for real-world use cases, the metal keeps its water-repelling properties even when damaged, The researchers drilled several holes in the disc, revealing that it still floated on the surface even when its structural integrity was damaged. This proves that metal etched in such a way could be useful in the manufacturing of boats and ships, allowing them to remain afloat even when damaged.
32. What’s the feature of the special metal?
A It repels air. B. It looks like a fire ant. C. It is unsinkable. D. Its surface is elegant.
33. What does the underlined word “buoyant” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Floating. B. Creative. C. Splendid. D. Artificial.
34. How did the researchers carry out the experiment?
A. By analysing reasons. B. By making comparison.
C. By applying previous data. D. By concluding different views.
35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The metal has a bright future. B. The experiment is unsuccessful.
C. The metal has been used widely. D. The researchers are famous for the metal.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是研究人员发现了一种能漂浮的金属。它能被用来制造船只，有着光明的前景。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“It’s a metal that absolutely hates water, strongly repelling (排斥) it and creating pockets of air that allow the metal to float under just about any circumstance.(这是一种非常讨厌水的金属，它会强烈地排斥水，并产生气泡，使金属在任何情况下都能漂浮)”可知，这种金属能漂浮，它具有不会下沉的特点。故选C。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“The essential insight is that superhydrophobic surfaces can trap a large air volume(最重要的是，超疏水表面可以捕获大量的空气)”可知，这种金属能漂浮，所以我们能利用它制造能漂浮的设备，因此划线词buoyant的意思是“漂浮的”，即floating。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“To demonstrate how the metal behaves, the researchers designed an experiment with two seemingly identical metal discs. One of the disks was normal metal, while the other was the same material with the special etching technique applied(为了演示金属的行为，研究人员设计了一个实验，用两个看起来完全相同的金属圆盘。其中一个圆盘为普通金属，另一个则是采用特殊蚀刻技术的相同材料)”可知，研究人员把这种金属和其他常见的金属一起实验，通过对比，他们发现了这种金属能漂浮的特点，因此研究人员是通过比较来进行实验的。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This proves that metal etched in such a way could be useful in the manufacturing of boats and ships, allowing them to remain afloat even when damaged.(这证明了以这种方式蚀刻的金属可以用于制造船只，使它们即使受到损坏也能漂浮在水面上)”可知，这种金属能被用来制造船只，因此它有着光明的前景。故选A。


浙江省宁波市奉化区2021-2022学年高三教学测试英语试题
Buying sunglasses can leave anyone puzzled by choice. But Bose may have stuck the landing in the style department with its new Bose Frames, designed to pump music directly into your ears and work with apps to deliver walking instructions and more.
Bose Frames look better than most smart glasses already around. The Frames are black, with gold accents on the power button. Those thick arms look like a pair of designer sunglasses you'd get from some pop shops guaranteed to be out of business in a year. More than one person commented on the Frames while I wore them around town, and two of my co-workers thought they looked surprisingly cool. And that was before they knew about the built-it speakers.
The Frames sound as great as they look, at least when you compare them to the headphones that came with your smart phones. In each of the Frames' arms is a mini speaker pumping music directly at your ears without being all up in them like typical earbuds (耳塞). On the outside of each arm is another speaker designed to cancel out what the inside one is playing. The end result: music you can hear, and silence anybody nearby can appreciate. Mostly.
Of course, you shouldn't wear these indoors or in a quiet environment, like a library. Bose Frames are essentially wearable speakers, meaning they leak sound, so people nearby can still hear something.
Bose Frames are not for everyone, nor are they great for every situation-sometimes, regular old headphones are more socially appropriate. But once you get over the astonishment that you're wearing a pair of glasses with built-in speakers, you might find them becoming a seasonal addition to you. If you're in the market for sunglasses, and are willing to drop two hundred dollars on a pair, Bose Frames are a solid option for every fashion forward futurist.
4. What impressed the author's colleagues at first about Bose Frames?
A. The low price.
B. The good look.
C. The limited edition.
D. The mini speakers.
5. What are the outside speakers of Bose Frames used for?
A. Avoiding leaking any sound.
B. Connecting to smart phones.
C. Pumping music directly into ears.
D. Decreasing disturbance to people around.
6. For what purpose does the author write the text?
A. To give tips on how to choose suitable sunglasses.
B. To compare traditional and high-tech sunglasses.
C. To introduce the newly designed Bose sunglasses.
D. To share the experience of wearing Bose sunglasses.
【答案】4. B5. D6. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新设计的Bose太阳镜。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“More than one person commented on the Frames while I wore them around town, and two of my co-workers thought they looked surprisingly cool（当我戴着这款眼镜到处逛的时候，不止一个人在评论我的眼镜，我的两个同事认为它看起来非常酷）”可知，作者的同事一开始对这款眼镜的外表印象深刻。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“On the outside of each arm is another speaker designed to cancel out what the inside one is playing. The end result: music you can hear, and silence anybody nearby can appreciate.（每只眼镜腿的外侧都有另一个扬声器，用来抵消里面的声音。最终的结果是：你能听到音乐，周围的人也能享受到寂静）可知，外部扬声器帮助减轻对周围的人的干扰。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Buying sunglasses can leave anyone puzzled by choice. But Bose may have stuck the landing in the style department with its new Bose Frames, designed to pump music directly into your ears and work with apps to deliver walking instructions and more（购买太阳镜会让人感到困惑。不过，Bose新款的Bose Frames可能使之成为时尚，这种镜框可以直接将音乐送入你的耳朵，并与应用程序协同工作，提供行走指示等更多功能）”和下文每一段的首句“Bose Frames look better than most smart glasses already around（Bose Frames看起来比市面上大多数智能眼镜都要好）”、“The Frames sound as great as they look, at least when you compare them to the headphones that came with your smart phones（这些框架听起来和它们看起来一样棒，至少当你把它们和你的智能手机附带的耳机比较时是这样）”、“Of course, you shouldn’t wear these indoors or in a quiet environment, like a library（当然，你不应该在室内或安静的环境中戴这些，比如图书馆）”和“Bose Frames are not for everyone, nor are they great for every situation-sometimes, regular old headphones are more socially appropriate（Bose Frames并不适合所有人，也不是所有场合都适合）”可知，这篇文章介绍的Bose新款的Bose Frames。所以，其目的就是为了介绍新款的Bose太阳镜。故选C。


四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2021-2022学年高三第二次联考英语试题
Nearly two years after the COVID-19 outbreak, China has granted approval to its first antibody combination therapy (治疗) for COVID-19 treatment, adding a tool to the world’s fight against the disease.
A team from Tsinghua University, along with the Shenzhen People’s Hospital, has accomplished the task in 20 months. It would usually take 10 years. “It can reduce the rate of hospitalization (住院治疗) and death by 80 percent,” said Zhang Linqi, leader of the research team.
The new antibody drug is immediately effective after being used. Moreover, the therapy can protect people, especially those whose physical condition doesn’t allow vaccination (接种疫苗), from becoming infected by COVID-19 for around 9 to 12 months, said Zhang.
How does it work? When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (刺突蛋白) on its surface. The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. So its target is very precise. In addition, thanks to the coordination between the two antibodies, it is highly efficient in preventing the virus, according to Zhang. The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline medical workers and people not suitable for vaccination due to various underlying health problems.
The new drug is expected to come to the market soon, but it’s not cheap. That’s because of limited production. Noting that China has used science and technology to fight COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak, Zhang said, “Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors, from medical treatment, medicine and vaccine development to prevention and control measures.”
32. What can we know about the new drug according to paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?
A. It’s the only way to treat COVID-19.
B. It dramatically improves the survival rate of patients.
C. It takes researchers 10 years to develop the new drug.
D. It was developed by the team from one of China’s top universities.
33. Which statement does the author probably agree with?
A. Only medical workers can take this drug.
B. Antibodies stop spike proteins entering a cell.
C. The new medicine takes effect after a period of use.
D The new drug can protect people from infection for life.
34. Who are best suited for the drug according to the passage?
A. Doctors and nurses. B. The elderly and children.
C. People without vaccination. D. Patients and their family members.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The drug will be readily available.
B. The new drug has been put into use.
C. Zhang had a high regard for the power of science.
D. China is the first country to use technology to fight disease.
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了清华大学和深圳人民医院的一个团队在20个月内研制了新的抗体药物，可以将住院率和死亡率降低80%。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。通读第一和第二段，尤其是根据第二段中的“It can reduce the rate of hospitalization (住院治疗) and death by 80 percent (它可以将住院率和死亡率降低80%，研究小组组长张林奇说)”可知，该药物可以极大降低病人的死亡率。因此，根据第一段和第二段，我们对新药了解到的是B项“It dramatically improves the survival rate of patients.(它极大地提高了患者的存活率)”符合题意，故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“When a virus infects a cell, it relies on an important type of protein: the spike proteins (刺突蛋白) on its surface.The spike proteins serve as a key to unlocking a cell. If a virus cannot enter a cell, it will disappear immediately. The job of our antibodies is to block the virus from entering cells. (当病毒感染细胞时，它依赖于一种重要的蛋白质：其表面的刺突蛋白。刺突蛋白是解锁细胞的钥匙。如果病毒不能进入细胞，它会立即消失。我们的抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细胞)”可知，我们的抗体的作用是阻止病毒进入细胞，而病毒进入细胞主要依靠其表面的刺突蛋白。因此，作者可能同意的说法是B项“Antibodies stop spike proteins entering a cell.(抗体阻止刺突蛋白进入细胞)”符合题意，故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The qualities of the new drug make it especially useful for high-risk groups, such as frontline medical workers and people not suitable for vaccination due to various underlying health problems. (这种新药的质量使其特别适用于高危人群，如前线医务人员和由于各种潜在健康问题而不适合接种疫苗的人)”可知，这种新药适用于高危人群，如前线医务人员等。因此，根据文章，最适合服用这种药物的是A项“Doctors and nurses.(医生和护士)”符合题意，故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Science is the key to solving the issue. Science has shown its power in all sectors (科学是解决这个问题的关键。科学在各个领域都显示了它的力量)”可知，张认为，科学是解决疫情的关键，高度重视科学的力量。因此，从最后一段可以推断出的是C项“Zhang had a high regard for the power of science.(张高度重视科学的力量)”符合题意，故选C项。


四川省德阳市2021-2022学年高三下期第二次监测考试英语试题
At the end of my third year at university, I still had over 50 meals left in my dining account. So I swiped my meal card until I had nothing left, packed all of the meals and drove to Center City to give them all out to anyone I could find who needed a meal.
When I returned to campus, I wanted to create a formal meal donation program and after months of meetings, I convinced my university to launch this program. But what started with meals quickly evolved into something much greater when I learned about how much food was also going to waste from grocery stores and restaurants in the area.
Approximately 1/3 of all food produced in the United States (126 billion pounds) is thrown in landfills each year. Meanwhile 40 million Americans are suffering from food insecurity in the US, and 1 in 5 people are suffering in Philadelphia.
My solution was called Sharing Surplus. Then, our team created a transportation network to pick up surplus food on a regular basis and deliver it to local hunger—relief organizations. In the last twelve months, we have delivered more than 75,000 pounds of food to shelters and soup kitchens fighting food insecurity.
Graduating from college soon, I am ready to pursue Sharing Surplus as my full-time job. Now let's talk about Gen Z (those born between 1996 and 2010). Our generation will soon be responsible for the fate of our planet, which is equally exciting and challenging. More than ever, we must look closely at the problems that our society faces today and try to imagine big ideas that can solve them.
4. What did the author do to make his program much greater?
A. Hold meetings to persuade others to join him. B. Buy food from grocery stores for the needy.
C. Cooperate with local stores and restaurants. D. Donate much more of his leftover meals.
5. What do the figures in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Some easy measures to reduce food waste.
B. Great potential for turning waste into charity.
C. Big food problems facing the United States.
D. An urgent need for more crops in the United States.
6. What can be inferred about Sharing Surplus from Paragraph 4?
A. It has partly changed the industry of food delivery.
B. It has made a great contribution to fighting hunger.
C. It has helped set up many hunger-relief organizations.
D. It has created a more advanced transportation network.
7. What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph?
A. The students in the USA should try to help the poor.
B. Gen Z should pursue Sharing Surplus to earn money.
C. After graduation, it is important to find a full time job.
D. Gen Z should try to solve the existing social problems.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者创建膳食捐赠计划，当地商店和餐馆合作向避难所和施粥所捐赠食物。作者指出Z一代人不久将对我们星球的命运负责，这同样是令人兴奋和富有挑战性的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But what started with meals quickly evolved into something much greater when I learned about how much food was also going to waste from grocery stores and restaurants in the area. (但当我了解到该地区的杂货店和餐馆也会浪费多少食物时，从吃饭开始的事情迅速演变成一件更大的事情)”可知，作者与当地商店和餐馆合作使他的项目更伟大。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Approximately 1/3 of all food produced in the United States (126 billion pounds) is thrown in landfills each year. Meanwhile, 40 million Americans are suffering from food insecurity in the US, and 1 in 5 people are suffering in Philadelphia.(美国每年大约有1/3的食物（1260亿磅）被扔进垃圾填埋场。与此同时，美国有4000万美国人正在遭受食品短缺的困扰，费城有五分之一的人正在遭受这种困扰)”可推知，第三段中的数字意思是美国面临的重大粮食问题。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“My solution was called Sharing Surplus. Then, our team created a transportation network to pick up surplus food on a regular basis and deliver it to local hunger—relief organizations. In the last twelve months, we have delivered more than 75,000 pounds of food to shelters and soup kitchens fighting food insecurity. (我的解决办法是分享盈余。然后，我们的团队建立了一个运输网络，定期将多余的食物运送到当地的饥饿救济组织。在过去的12个月里，我们向避难所和施粥所运送了超过7.5万磅的食品，以应对食品不安全问题)”可推知，分享盈余为战胜饥饿做出了巨大贡献。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Graduating from college soon, I am ready to pursue Sharing Surplus as my full-time job. Now let's talk about Gen Z (those born between 1996 and 2010). Our generation will soon be responsible for the fate of our planet, which is equally exciting and challenging. More than ever, we must look closely at the problems that our society faces today and try to imagine big ideas that can solve them. (即将从大学毕业，我准备追求分享盈余作为我的全职工作。现在我们来谈谈Z世代（1996年至2010年出生的人）。我们这一代人不久将对我们星球的命运负责，这同样是令人兴奋和富有挑战性的。我们比以往任何时候都更必须密切关注我们社会今天面临的问题，并试图想象出能够解决这些问题的伟大想法)”可推知，Z一代应该努力解决现有的社会问题。故选D。
四川省德阳市2021-2022学年高三下期第二次监测考试英语试题
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once-revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped (翻动) on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, “It's show time.” The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.
8. Where does the magic of consumer technology come from?
A. Streaming service. B. iCloud storage. C. Server farms. D. Video games.
9. What does the underlined word “revenue” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Income. B. Advertisements. C. Equipment. D. Games.
10. What does the author tend to agree with?
A. The sales of iPhone have been taking the lead in the world.
B. Apple expects to develop many new functions in its phone.
C. People are crazy about getting some new electronics in life.
D. Apple provides a lot of new services for its consumers now.
11. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors.
B. Electronics will play important roles in technology.
C Some companies do better than Apple in technology.
D. Apple is able to benefit a lot from its diverse service.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.（消费者技术的真正魔力越来越少地出现在人们随身携带的设备内部，而越来越多地出现在散布在世界各地的服务器群中，在那里，大量数据被处理，然后传输到像亚马逊Echo或谷歌Home这样的电子设备上。）”可知，消费科技的魔力来自于服务器群，故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft（在这个领域，苹果已经落后于谷歌、亚马逊和微软等公司）”可知，苹果落后于别的公司就说明别家公司赚到钱了，which指代先行词“companies”，因此“now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services”的意思是“现在通过销售云服务获得了可观的收入”，因此划线词的意思是“收入”，即Income。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.（苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。）”可知，苹果希望为其手机开发许多新功能。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.（苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡。其最大的项目是娱乐流媒体服务Apple TV+。）”和第三段的“Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.（据分析人士称，苹果预计每年将投资数十亿美元制作视频内容，以在包括亚马逊(Amazon)、Netflix、Hulu和迪士尼(Disney)在内的拥挤市场中竞争。）”可知，本文主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争，也就是本文主要讲的是“苹果公司与竞争者竞争的新举措”，即Apple's new efforts to compete against competitors。故选A。

四川省成都市2021-2022学年高三下期3月月考考试英语试题
Aside from exercising and staying outside, light lamp therapy can be used to treat seasonal affective disorder(SAD) in people who must remain indoors for work. There is nothing wrong with acknowledging that one has seasonal affective disorder. It is a simple confusion in the brain arising from changes in seasons and can affect anyone.
Boston University claims 10 million Americans are in low spirits in the winter months, when, across a large part of the continental U. S. , the sun sets at about 5:30 pm. All kinds of small problems can occur if someone stays inside all day. Research on office workers shows that there are changes in mood, dietary preferences, vitamin D deficiencies(缺乏), and more, and winter has people staying indoors more than they would be in summer.
Often, one of the reasons why SAD can affect people so strongly in the wintertime is that the sky is more often cloudy. Cells in our eyes known as melanopsin(黑视蛋白) detect light spectrums(光谱) to determine what time of day it is, and a sky that is cloudy all day can disturb their calculations.
One method for treating this is to, so to speak, get an artificial sun—one that can shine right into your home or office. When the brain senses that the light from the sun is gone, it signals the creation of melatonin(黑色素). Of course, at 5:00 pm, few people in the modern world are ready for bed. Some people use light lamps to trick their brains into thinking it's still daytime. However, it's not only the detection of falling sunlight that determines melatonin production. It's also the presence of sunlight during the day that helps produce melatonin at night.
One needs a strong lamp to copy the kind of sunlight exposure examined in this study. If one were to combine the use of a light lamp during the daylight hours with use of blue-light filters(过滤器) to remove the sunlight spectrum from devices and computers around the time that the sun would go down in summer, for example around 8:30 pm, the positive effect could be stronger.
Katie Sharkey at Brown University told a news website the pros and cons of using a light lamp, namely that they truly work for treating SAD, but that one has to be careful about using it at the right moment of the day. If used too early in the day you'll find yourself becoming tired before your normal bedtime, while using it too late can prevent you from falling asleep.
Despite this, a therapy lamp is definitely an option, like vitamin D or exercise, for treating SAD, and while Sharkey warns they can cause side effects like headache or interference with some medicines, it's a cheap treatment option that can be discussed with mental health professionals.
8. Which is one of the characteristics of SAD?
A. It occurs in people who work outdoors.
B. It pushes people to stay inside all day.
C. Its effect on people is much worse in winter.
D. It causes complex confusion in the human brain.
9. What is the function of melanopsin sensors?
A. They make objects visible even in the dark.
B. They help the brain feel the changes in seasons.
C. They change people's mood and dietary preferences.
D. They help people judge the time through light spectrums.
10. Why is a light lamp able to treat SAD?
A. It disturbs the creation of melatonin and tricks the brain.
B. It makes people believe that the sun is still shining in the sky.
C. It prevents people from going to bed too early in the evening.
D. It makes people feel tired when it is the normal time to go to bed.
11. What does Katie Sharkey suggest people pay attention to?
A. Light lamps may be not a treatment option for SAD.
B. Taking medicine when using light lamps is strictly prohibited.
C. Light lamps should be used at proper times when treating SAD.
D. A therapy lamp might be more than people are able to afford.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明灯光可以用来调节人们的季节性情绪失调。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Often, one of the reasons why SAD can affect people so strongly in the wintertime is that the sky is more often cloudy.(通常，季节性情绪失调在冬季对人们影响如此之大的原因之一是天空经常多云。)”可知，季节性情绪失调对人们的影响在冬天更严重。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cells in our eyes known as melanopsin(黑视蛋白) detect light spectrums(光谱) to determine what time of day it is…(我们眼睛里的黑视蛋白通过检测光谱来确定一天中的时间……)”可知，黑视蛋白帮助人们通过光谱判断时间。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When the brain senses that the light from the sun is gone, it signals the creation of melatonin(黑色素).(当大脑感觉到来自太阳的光线消失时，就会发出褪黑激素产生的信号。)”及“Some people use light lamps to trick their brains into thinking it's still daytime.(有些人用灯光来欺骗他们的大脑，让它们以为仍然是白天。)”可知，灯光能治疗季节性情绪失调是因为它会干扰褪黑激素的生成，欺骗大脑。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“but that one has to be careful about using it at the right moment of the day. If used too early in the day you'll find yourself becoming tired before your normal bedtime, while using it too late can prevent you from falling asleep.(但是那个人必须小心在一天中正确的时间使用它。如果在一天的早些时候使用，你会发现自己在正常的就寝时间之前就已经很累了，而太晚使用则会使你无法入睡。)”可知，Katie Sharkey建议人们注意治疗季节性情绪失调时，应在适当的时间使用灯光。故选C项。
昆明第一中学西山学校2021-2022学年高三下期第四次月考英语试题
University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology, but skeptics question whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely—in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Professor of Literature at Stanford University, is one such skeptic.“I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better, the more websites the better teacher, and so forth, is very dangerous—is, indeed, suicidal,” he indicates.
However, Gumbrecht warns that there are few, if any, studies either supporting or rejecting the hypothesis(假说) that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his “intuition(直觉) that real classroom presence should be maintained”, and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical(教学法的) function and where it does not.
Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the sole purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. Indeed, given the 20th century's knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education, using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably unavoidable, he admits. In any case, knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university, he maintains, noting that universities should be places where people confront open questions, places for “intellectual complexity” and “riskful thinking”.
“We are not about finding or transmitting solutions; we are not about recipes; we are not about making intellectual life easy. Confrontation with complexity is what expands your mind. It is something like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.”
Moreover, discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation(创新). “There's a qualitative change, and you don't know how it happens. Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of being the catalyst(催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. The possibility of in-classroom teaching—of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information—is a strength.”
12. Which of the following might Professor Gumbrecht support?
A. Traditional pedagogical function has its place in classroom.
B. Professors should be keen on teaching technique innovation.
C. Technologies applied to classrooms strengthen creative thinking.
D. The core function of the university is to focus on knowledge transmitting.
13. In what case could cyberspace teaching NOT replace real-life teaching?
A. The cost of college education increasing greatly.
B. Putting much knowledge across to the students.
C. Transmitting knowledge as the only purpose of a course.
D. Encouraging open questions without possible answers.
14. What can we know about discussion in the physical presence of others?
A. It can lead to greatly improved intellectual simplicity.
B. It can produce certain energy for intellectual breakthroughs.
C. It can lead to easier and stronger transmission of information.
D. It can produce qualitative change in teacher-student relationships.
15. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Cyberspace Interaction
B. The Core Function of the University
C. Electronic Teaching Arouses Uncertainty
D. Information Transmission Cannot Help You Survive
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He says that he could point only to his ‘intuition(直觉) that real classroom presence should be maintained’, and emphasizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical(教学法的) function and where it does not. (他说，他只能指出他的‘直觉’，即应该保持真实的课堂存在，并强调教育工作者有必要批判性地检查技术在哪些地方发挥了有用的教学功能，哪些地方没有。)”可知，Gumbrecht认为传统的教室教学是有一定的教学优势的。故选 A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the sole purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. (但是，Gumbrecht承认对于传递知识是唯一目的的课程，电子媒体可以做到足够好。)”以及“Indeed, given the 20th century's knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher education, using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably unavoidable, he admits.(他承认，确实，20世纪的知识爆炸，逐渐增加的更高的教育成本，用技术而不是真实生活的老师来传递信息可能是不可避免的。)”可知，在“大学教育成本逐渐增加”、“把许多知识传授给学生”及“传播知识是课程的唯一目的”的情形下，网络教学可以代替真实的教学，D选项“鼓励可能没有答案的开放式问题”不包括在内。故选 D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of being the catalyst(催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs.(现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂。)”可知，和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。故选 B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章开头“University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology, but skeptics question whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely—in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom.(大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西。)”以及文章结尾谈到教室内教学的优势“The possibility of in-classroom teaching—of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information—is a strength.(课堂教学的可能性——通过传递信息的方式进行教学，可以让一些不可能发生的事情发生——是一种优势。)”可知，文章主要讲述网络教学引起质疑。故选C项。

河北省邯郸市十校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末联考英语试卷
Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2020.
“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M. Maruthur, associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn’t clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of day of eating.”
Maruthur and the colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants (90%) were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study, then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.
The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure regardless of when they ate. “We thought that the time restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn’t happen. We did not see any differences in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”
The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will be compiling this information with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin and other hormones and making analyses on the findings. “Together, these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolie health,” Maruthur said.
8. What made the study different from earlier ones?
A. Participants’ age. B. Participants’ daily eating time.
C. The number of participants. D. The research members.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The research procedure. B. The research result.
C. The research purpose. D. The research institution.
10. What can we learn from the study?
A. Blood pressure is connected with eating time.
B. Absorbing less calories earlier makes for weight loss.
C. Eating time determines the effect of losing weight.
D. Taking in calories earlier doesn’t impact weight loss.
11. What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph?
A. Stop research. B. Announce findings.
C. Analyze data. D. Write essays.
【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. B9. A10. D11. C
【解析】
【分析】本篇是说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，能量摄入时间的早晚对减肥没有什么影响。文章介绍了研究过程以及研究的发现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of day of eating.(在这项研究中，我们唯一改变的是一天中吃饭的时间)”可知，参与者每日进食时间让这项研究与之前的研究不同。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Maruthur and the colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants (90%) were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study, then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.( Maruthur和他的同事在一项为期12周的研究中跟踪了41名超重的成年人。大多数参与者（90%）是患有糖尿病前期或糖尿病的非裔美国女性，平均年龄为59岁。21名成年人遵循时间限制饮食模式，限制在一天的特定时间内进食，在下午1点前摄入80%的卡路里。剩下的20名参与者在12小时的时间段内照常进食，在12周的时间里，下午5点后摄入的热量占每日摄入热量的一半。所有的参与者都食用为研究提供的相同的预先准备好的健康食物。在研究开始时测量体重和血压，然后在4周、8周和12周测量体重和血压)”可知，第三段主要讲的是研究过程。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中““We thought that the time restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn’t happen. We did not see any differences in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”(Maruthur说：“我们认为有时间限制的那组人会减掉更多的体重。然而这并没有发生。我们没有看到那些在一天的早些时候和晚些时候摄入大部分卡路里的人在减肥方面有任何区别。我们也没有看到对血压有任何影响。”)”可推知，早吸收卡路里不会影响减肥。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will be compiling this information with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin and other hormones and making analyses on the findings.(研究人员目前正在收集有关24小时内记录的血压的更详细信息，他们将把这些信息与一项关于限时进餐对血糖、胰岛素和其他激素影响的研究结果结合起来，并对研究结果进行分析)”可推知，研究人员下一步可能分析数据。故选C。
河北省邯郸市十校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末联考英语试卷
Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
“All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method, researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin to diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.
12. What can the new method be used to do in the future?
A. Help to choose smart phones.
B. Find materials used as energy.
C. Settle the problem of storing energy.
D. Research energy sources of the future.
13. What was the challenge in making a capacitor?
A. Choosing the best ionic liquid. B. Figuring out the storing ability.
C. Devising a quick and easy test. D. Recharging a battery instantly.
14. What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A. Charge. B. Develop.
C. Expand. D. Decrease.
15. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A. Selecting ionic liquid is important in capacitor
B. An easy and cheap way to seek perfect ionic liquid for capacitor
C. Types of ionic liquid best suited for use in capacitor
D. Research has found a simple and affordable battery
【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. C13. A14. D15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。科廷大学(Curtin University)的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合用于储存和供应能源。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy(科廷大学的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合储存和供应能源 )”可知，这种新方法可以解决能源储存问题。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor.(离子液体有数千种，也就是“液体盐”的一种，直到现在，人们还很难知道哪种离子液体最适合用于电容器)”可知，制造电容器的挑战是选择最好的离子液体。故选A项。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题根据前文“researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (研究人员发现，给手机充电60秒就能充满电，而且不会漏电)”和下文“for at least four days”可知，充满电以后电量至少持续四天才开始“减少”。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy(科廷大学的一项研究发现了一种简单而经济的方法，可以确定哪种化学物质和金属类型最适合储存和供应能源 )”根据第二段“Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器).（该报告的主要作者、柯廷分子和生命科学学院的副教授Simone Ciampi说，这种简单、低成本的方法可以确定如何在电容器中产生并保持最高能量电荷）”最后一段“The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.(下一步是利用这种新的筛选方法来寻找带电状态持续时间更长、能量密度更大的离子液体)”可知，全文是围绕寻找一种简单经济的方法来展开文章内容的，所以用“一种简单而廉价的方法，寻求完美的离子液体电容器”来作为文章标题是比较合适的。故选B项。


重庆市西南大学附属中学校2021-2022学年高三下期第六次月考试题
Weird. That was how Kelvin felt when he signed a prenuptial agreement years ago with his then girlfriend. According to the agreement, the ownership of the house would go to the wife if the couple divorced, because the wife’s parents had paid the down payment for the house.
In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenups”. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenups before tying the knot. The survey covering 1,084 people was conducted by a Los Angeles-based dating company “2RedBeans” through the company’s mobile app.
“It shows that the attitude of overseas Chinese toward marriage has been influenced by Western values over the past decade,” said a co-founder of 2RedBeans. In China, more often than not, a prenup is considered to indicate distrust between a couple and the lack of faith in marriage.
US family law attorneys, however, say that prenups have many advantages, from protecting the assets (资产) brought into the marriage by one party to saving the other party from debt. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary from state to state in the US. “So if you get married without drawing up your own terms and conditions, you are by default (默认) submitting to your state’s law,” Kelly Rickert who has gained popularity for sharing family court stories said in a TikTok video. “Prenups are especially important in a community property state such as California, where all assets and debts acquired after marriage shall be shared by both parties,” she said.
One of her recent clients was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had run up “astronomical” amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. “Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it.” Rickert said.
This might be one of the reasons why many overseas Chinese are attaching importance to prenups. Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary.
12. What do we know about the survey?
A. The company TikTok carried out the survey.
B. One thousand people were surveyed through WeChat.
C. It was conducted among Chinese people living in the US.
D. Most people surveyed hold a favorable attitude towards prenups.
13. What may be the attitude of most people in China towards prenups?
A. Favorable. B. Neutral.
C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
14. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove the importance of prenups.
B. To call for people’s attention to prenups.
C. To illustrate the damage caused by COVID- 19.
D. To demonstrate what will happen.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. A Trend Among Chinese
B. The Pros and Cons of Prenups
C. Overseas Chinese Value Prenups
D. Different Attitudes Toward Marriage
【答案】12. D13. C14. A15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍婚前协议，及海外华人对婚前协议的重视。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenups before tying the knot. (根据最近的一项调查，70%主要居住在美国的海外中国参与者表示，在结婚之前有必要签署婚前协议。)”可知，大多数人对婚前协议持支持的态度，故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenups”. (在中国，大多数人不愿意签署婚前协议，俗称“婚前协议”。)”可知，在中国，大多数人不愿意签署婚前协议，不支持婚前协议，故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“One of her recent clients was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had run up “astronomical” amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. “Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it.” Rickert said. (Rickert说：“她最近的一位客户很幸运地拥有一个婚前协议，这使她能够将她的财产与已故丈夫的债务分开，她丈夫在死于COVID-19之前已经支付了“天文数字”的医疗费用。如果他们没有一个婚前协议，声明债务归因于获得它的一方，医疗债务将被分担，她将不得不偿还债务。”)”可知，本段通过举例，以此强调签署婚前协议的好处，证明婚前协议的重要性，故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenups”. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. (在中国，大多数人不愿意签署婚前协议，俗称“婚前协议”。但海外华人却表现出了不同态度。)”及最后一段“Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary. (居住在北美的海外华人一般是高收入者，来自中产阶级家庭，因此他们更容易接受婚前协议，尤其是30岁以下的人，他们更可能重视经济独立，认为婚前协议是必要的。)”可知，海外华人支持并重视婚前协议，故选C项。


广东省茂名市五校联考2021-2022学年高三第三次联考英语试题
It was a February afternoon in a Brooklyn classroom. Sixteen-year-old Taylor Engler came face to face with a cow. But it was all in her head. She was transported by a virtual reality (VR) headphone. It took the Berkeley Carroll School junior and eight other classmates to a northern New York farm. The farm was 250 miles away. For students, the technology means field trips are no longer kept within the length of a bus ride.
It's unknown how many classrooms have or will use the technology, but experts say few classrooms do or will do. Headphones that require a user's phone can cost as little as $20 or $30, but systems and software for classes run into thousands of dollars. The problem of not having good software is disappearing as more companies enter the market. But the rules for use haven't kept abreast of the development of the technology. In New York, for example, virtual reality lab experiments are not included in the state's hands-on lab time requirements.
Experts say science classes are where virtual reality holds promise for classrooms. “The biggest problem, I think, is going to be how closely it mimics the real world." That's according to David Evans, the director of the National Science Teachers Union. However, he said, “The ability to do dangerous things and to run many, many more cases in a virtual space as opposed to the real physical space stands for a huge learning chance.”
Lamb taught chemistry and he agreed. “Too often in schools, when you do experiments in labs, you mix these together, you mix those together and you get this result. And if you don't get that result, you have done something wrong. But we don't have enough resources for you to redo it, “he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is hit reset on the computer. I don't have to actually use chemicals.”
8. What was Taylor Engler doing?
A. Riding a bus. B. Giving a lesson. C. Designing a farm. D. Experiencing VR.
9. What does the underlined part “kept abreast of" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Led to. B. Focused on. C. Caught up with. D. Broken away from.
10. What did Lamb think of the use of VR in the classroom?
A. Helpful. B. Troublesome. C. Interesting. D. Challenging.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To point out the importance of practice. B. To introduce the use of VR in teaching.
C. To give information about modern schools. D. To show the appearance of VR technology.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了学生在学校使用VR的情形、VR教学的现状以及它的优点等。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “Sixteen-year-old Taylor Engler came face to face with a cow. But it was all in her head. She was transported by a virtual reality (VR) headphone. (16岁的泰勒·恩格勒与一头奶牛面对面。但这一切都是她的想象，她被一个虚拟现实耳机传送过来。）”可知，Taylor Engler正在体验虚拟现实，在其中她正与一头奶牛面对面。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后句“In New York, for example, virtual reality lab experiments are not included in the state's hands-on lab time requirements（例如，在纽约，虚拟现实的实验室实验不包括在国家的动手实验时间要求中。）”可知，在纽约，虚拟现实的实验室实验不包括在该州的实际实验室时间要求中，也就是说使用规则并没有跟上技术的发展，故kept abreast of 意为“跟上”，与 caught up with 意思相近。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lamb taught chemistry and he agreed. “Too often in schools, when you do experiments in labs, you mix these together, you mix those together and you get this result. And if you don't get that result, you have done something wrong. But we don't have enough resources for you to redo it, “he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is hit reset on the computer. I don't have to actually use chemicals.””（兰姆教化学。他认为“在学校里，当你在实验室里做实验时，你经常把这些混合在一起，你把这些混合在一起，你就会得到这样的结果。 如果你没有得到这样的结果，你就做错了。 但是我们没有足够的资源让你们重做。在虚拟现实中，我所做的就是按下电脑上的重置键。 我不需要使用化学药品。”）可知，Lamb认为使用VR技术，如果实验中有做得不对的地方，只需要按一下重置键，就可以重新开始实验，而且也不需要用真正的化学药品。所以他认为在教室里使用VR是非常有帮助的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。综合分析文章可知，本文介绍了学生在学校使用VR的情形、VR教学的现状以及它的优点等，其目的是介绍VR技术在课堂教学中的应用。故选B项。
广东省茂名市五校联考2021-2022学年高三第三次联考英语试题
Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery.
Researchers have studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass. Some species have been losing nearly 2 percent of their weight per decade.
Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the analysis.
In line with this, the mean temperature of the birds' habitat today is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1.6℃ warmer in the dry season compared with 1966. Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons.
This could suggest that body mass loss is partly a short-term response to changes in their environment rather than entirely down to evolution. For instance, a lack of rainfall could cause a decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on, say the researchers.
But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”
12. Why are some birds larger at higher latitudes?
A. To preserve heat. B. To find food better.
C. To fight against heat. D. To adapt to climate change.
13. On what condition do birds shrink faster?
A. When they are hungry. B. When there is less rain.
C. When they lose their habitat. D. When they experience extreme seasons.
14. What remains to be settled by researchers?
A. Why tropical birds develop longer wings. B. How Amazon rainforest is decreasing.
C. Why some birds are smaller in hot climates. D. How temperature of the birds' habitat changes.
15. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A personal diary. B. A travel brochure. C. A science magazine. D. A science novel.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究。研究发现：由于气候变化，亚马逊河流域的鸟类现在变小了。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. (同一物种的鸟类和哺乳动物在高纬度地区通常较大。主要的解释是，它们较小的表面积与体积比率使它们能够更好地保存热量)”可知，在高纬度地区的鸟更大的原因是为了保存热量，故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. (天气模式也更加极端，雨季降雨增加13%，旱季减少15%，鸟类在极度干燥或潮湿的季节后体重急剧下降)”可知，鸟在经历极度干燥或潮湿的极端季节时，体重急剧下降，变小的速度更快，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”及最后一段“But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”(但这些都不能解释该团队的另一个主要发现。在过去的40年中，三分之一的鸟类物种的翼展已经显着扩大。Jirinec说：“体重通常是衡量鸟类身体状况的良好指标，如果它们只是吃不饱，你会期望它们减肥。但是，为什么它们会有更多的能量来长出翅膀呢？”)”可知，为什么鸟类体重变小了，翅膀却变长了，这个问题还有待解决。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”可知，这是一篇有关鸟类体型变化的科普文章，故最可能出自科学杂志。故选C项。


2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语适应卷
Streaming (流媒体) first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime (动画片).
In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month (and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable (有线电视) user pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.
A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations (提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99---on top of the service's monthly fee of $6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.
28. What do the underlined words “Goliath" and “David" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.
29. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions?
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money.
30. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney?
AThe movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
31. What do binge-watchers tend to do?
A. They start a new life. B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records. D. They watch TV series aimlessly
【28~31题答案】
【答案】28. D29. D30. A31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了流媒体在美国的发展。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video.( Netflix在全球拥有近2亿用户，每周有10亿小时的内容浏览量，是目前为止最大的付费服务提供商。排名第二的是亚马逊Prime Video。)”和“Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime(许多小型流媒体服务只播放体育、经典电影或日本动漫)”可知，在排名一、二的Netflix和亚马逊这样的流媒体服务商之外，有许多小型的流媒体服务接踵而至，因此“Goliath" 和 “David"在此处代指流媒体服务，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.( 四分之一的订阅者抗议价格上涨，并表示他们将取消订阅。很少这样做的。)”和第三段“A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, …. (一个主要原因是:流媒体网络已经成为许多最受欢迎的电视剧的发源地，包括最近的艾美奖得主。他们也提供完整长度的电影，……).”可知，大多数Netflix用户继续订阅是因为流媒体网络已经成为许多受欢迎的电视、电影的片源地，他们认为物有所值，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Netflix received more Oscar nominations (提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year.( Netflix获得的奥斯卡提名比其他任何媒体公司都多。事实上，流媒体已经改变了奥斯卡竞赛，至少今年是这样。)”和“all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+.( 2020年在网上上映的所有电影都有资格获得2021年奥斯卡奖。这一转变对迪士尼来说尤其是个好消息，该公司正将备受期待的电影《花木兰》(Mulan)放到其新的流媒体服务Disney+上)”可知，对迪斯尼来说的好消息是电影《花木兰》可以角逐奥斯卡奖了，故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours. (韦氏词典在2017年增加了“binge-watch(刷剧)”一词，指“一口气看完(电视剧)很多集或所有集”。来自纽约的Alejandro Fragoso保持着连续94小时的吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，binge-watchers倾向于不停刷剧，故选B。

2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语适应卷
In 2016, in an Illinois town called Cahokia, a woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn (草坪). In 2019, a Florida man was fined $30,000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height. These examples, while extreme, are not rare occurrence in America.
A study estimated that turf grasses (lawns, parks, athletic fields, etc) cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S., an area larger than any crop area. And Americans spend as much as $60 billion a year maintaining these grasses. These impressive data are the result of Americans’ setting much store by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.
Centuries ago, only those with considerable wealth could own the resources needed to maintain these displays. In the modern world, lawns have gradually changed from the estates of the wealthy to the front yards of common people. Across America, millions of families now proudly present their grass to their neighbors and drivers by carefully weeding, watering, fertilizing and mowing these small-scale representations of the grounds.
With this context in mind, it’s easy to see well-tended lawns in America. People tend to use lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success. The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer (晴雨表) for their life as whole.
However, with so many acres covered by the grass, the influence associated with lawn maintenance is more than just psychological. To begin, a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner’s water use, much of which is wasted. Additionally, Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year. The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.
These surprising data mean we need to question whether lawns provide us with enough benefit to justify their widespread existence.
32. Why are the two lawn-related cases mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the effectiveness of American laws
B. To show the significance of lawns in American society.
C. To stress Americans’ awareness of environmental protection.
D. To reveal the cost of maintaining lawns in Americans’ daily life.
33. What does the underlined part in the second paragraph mean?
A. Making full use of. B. Facing the consequence of.
C. Attaching great importance to. D. Shouldering the responsibility for.
34. Why do Americans have a preference for well-tended lawns?
A. Because of the psychological function of lawns.
B. Because of the popularity of lawns in Americans’ life
C. Because of the purpose of placing barometers in lawns.
D. Because of the method of planting healthy and attractive lawns.
35. What can we know about the lawns in the U.S. according to the passage?
A. They will be expanded to cover more lands.
B. They are of significant environmental concerns.
C. They will motivate people to be health-conscious.
D. They can promote the development of the chemical industry.
【32~35题答案】
【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史根源及心理方面的原因，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段介绍的两个不同寻常的案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通过这两个案例说明了草坪在美国社会的重要性。故选B。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线处的上文“A study estimated that turf grasses (lawns, parks, athletic fields, etc) cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S., an area larger than any crop area. And Americans spend as much as $60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.( 项研究估计，在美国大陆，草坪(草坪、公园、运动场等)的面积超过4000万英亩，比任何农作物的面积都大。美国人每年要花费600亿美元来维护这些草。)”可知，草坪在美国大陆占地面积很大，美国人为维护草坪花了很多钱。由此可知画线处表示美国人对草坪非常地重视, attach great importance to意为“非常重视”。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“People tend to use lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success. The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer (晴雨表) for their life as whole.(人们倾向于用草坪来创造一种秩序的印象或表示一种个人成功的感觉。他们院子里的草的相对健康和吸引力成为他们整个生活的晴雨表。)”可推断，美国人喜欢精心照料草坪是因为草坪在人们的心理构建方面的功能。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“To begin, a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner’s water use, much of which is wasted. Additionally, Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year. The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.(首先，草坪需要大量的资源来维持。美国农业部估计，草坪占了房主用水量的一半左右，其中大部分被浪费了。此外，据报道，美国人每年在草坪上使用8000万磅化学物质。照料草坪的过程也造成了空气污染。)”可知，大面积的草坪引起了重大的环境问题。故选B。


湖南省长沙市长郡中学2021-2022学年高三下期月考英语试题（六）
Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.
We clearly have a growing resource problem. The products we make, buy and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live, but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. In fact, for most, rather than an add-on to an already heavy shopping year, Christmas is likely the only time of year they have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.
This is particularly true for Boxing Day, often laughed at by anti-consumerists the most. While we may look down on the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the chance to buy things they've needed all year. As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own £ 1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.
8. What can be inferred about the environmentalist movement from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. It has targeted the wrong persons. B. It has achieved its intended purposes.
C. It has solved the environmental problems. D. It has persuaded consumers not to shop any more.
9. What does Leigh Phillips think of Boxing Day?
A. A trap for consumers. B. A tough problem to deal with.
C. A precious shopping opportunity. D. A positive contribution to the economy.
10. For what purpose is Roman Abramovich mentioned in the text?
A. To show how rich he is.
B. To announce he is a Russian.
C. To present his contributions to the environment.
D. To suggest the real cause of environmental problems hasn't been found.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. The environmental problems are very serious.
B. Less shopping can't solve the environmental problems.
C. Resources are becoming fewer and fewer on the earth.
D. Measures should be taken to protect the environment.
【答案】8. A9. C10. D11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了反消费主义其实是富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，忽视了环境问题的真正原因，这种运动丝毫不会让环境问题得到改善。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sight on our “consumer culture”, with Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.(由于对资源枯竭的担忧，近年来环保主义者越来越多地把目光转向我们的“消费文化”，像“东西的故事”和“新一天不买东西”这样的团体日益成为一种运动，越来越多地将我们所有的疾病归咎于我们的购物欲望)”及第三段中“but to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem(但将这些问题归咎于圣诞购物者是被误导的，这让我们陷入了把系统性问题归咎于个人的老陷阱)”可推知，环保主义者把环境问题归咎于购物者是错误的。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“As journalist Leigh Phillips argues, “This is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”(正如记者Leigh Phillips所说：“这是一年中为数不多的几次人们甚至可以指望买得起这些‘奢侈品’的时候之一，比如孩子们想要的圣诞礼物，或者只是一件好用的电器。”)”可知，Leigh Phillips把Boxing Day看作难得的购物机会。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring people like Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own £ 1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?(事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责。无论如何，当你考虑到我们的消费“问题”时，这就变得尤为有害。为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却忽视俄罗斯亿万富翁Roman Abramovich这样的人？Abramovich拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、装有导弹防御系统的游艇)”可推知，文章提到Roman Abramovich是为了表明环保主义者没有弄清环境问题的根本原因。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choice, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problem. It is no wonder no one is changing their behaviour—or that environmental destruction continues without becoming any less severe.(不管怎么说，反消费主义已经变成了一场富人对工人阶级谈论他们的生活选择的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因。难怪没有人改变他们的行为，也难怪环境破坏仍在继续，却丝毫没有减轻)”结合本文介绍了环保主义者认为环境问题是普通民众购物造成的，而反消费主义实际上是富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，忽视了环境问题的真正原因。可知，文章主要讲的是减少购物不能解决环境问题。故选B。

江西省八校2021-2022学年高三第一次联考英语试卷
Back in ancient times, philosophers like Aristotle were already speculating about the origins of taste, and how the tongue sensed elemental tastes like sweet, bitter, salty and sour. “What we discovered just a few years ago is that there are regions of the brain-regions of the cortex-where particular fields of neurons represent these different tastes again, so there’s a sweet field, a bitter field, a salty field, etcetera.” Nick Ryba, a sensory neuroscientist(感官神经科学家) at the National Institutes of Health.
Ryba and his colleagues found that you can actually taste without a tongue at all, simply by stimulating the “taste” part of the brain-the insular cortex. They ran the experiment in mice with a special sort of brain implant-a fiber-optic cable that turns neurons on with a pulse of laser light. And by switching on the “bitter” sensing part of the brain, they were able to make mice pucker up, as if they were tasting something bitter-even though absolutely nothing bitter was touching the tongues of the mice.
In another experiment, the researchers fed the mice a bitter flavoring on their tongues-but then made it more palatable by switching on the “sweet” zone of the brain. “What we were doing here was adding the sweetness, but only adding it in the brain, not in what we were giving to the mouse.” Think adding sugar to your coffee-but doing it only in your mind. The findings appear in the journal Nature.
Ryba says the study suggests that a lot of our basic judgments about taste-sweet means good, bitter means bad-are actually hard-wired at the level of the brain. As for that virtual-sugar-in-your-coffee idea?“I think it’s basically science fiction to think that this would be something that would be applied to humans.”But today’s science fiction might be tomorrow’s artificial sweetener.
8. The author referred to Aristotle in the first paragraph to________.
A. explain the question with philosophical ideas.
B. point out the mistakes of the ancient philosophers.
C. indicate the difference between philosophy and science.
D. show people were concerned about this problem long ago.
9. What can we say about the insular cortex?
A. It reacts the same to all the tastes.
B. It plays a large role in cognition and consciousness.
C. It can be implanted in another person's brain.
D. It can't pair appropriate emotions with outside events.
10. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the text?
A. Our basic judgments about taste may differ in time.
B. Today’s science fiction might go to future's kitchen.
C. Artificial sweeteners will change our brain structure one day.
D. The virtual-sugar-in-your-coffee idea may come true in the future.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Who has damaged our taste?
B. The brain alone may be able to sense the taste.
C. Change your tongue and taste the delicious food.
D. The sweet spot: disappearing taste center of human brain
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了两项实验，从而证明了我们对味道的许多基本判断实际上是在大脑层面上与生俱来的。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Back in ancient times,philosophers like Aristotle were already speculating about the origins of taste, and how the tongue sensed elemental tastes like sweet, bitter, salty and sour.”（早在古代，像亚里士多德这样的哲学家就已经在思考味觉的起源，以及舌头如何感知基本的味道，如甜、苦、咸和酸。）可知，作者在第一段提到亚里士多德就是为了表明人们很久以前就关心这个问题了。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Ryba and his colleagues found that you can actually taste without a tongue at all, simply by stimulating the “taste” part of the brain-the insular cortex. ”（Ryba和他的同事发现，只要刺激大脑的“味觉”部分——岛叶皮层，你就可以在没有舌头的情况下尝出味道。）可知，岛叶皮层可以让人们在没有舌头的情况下尝出味道，即它在认知和意识中起着很大的作用。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for that virtual-sugar-in-your-coffee idea?“I think it’s basically science fiction to think that this would be something that would be applied to humans.” ”（至于在咖啡中添加虚拟糖的想法？“我认为认为这种技术可以应用于人类的想法基本上是科幻小说。”）可知，以前在咖啡中增加虚拟糖只存在于科幻小说之中。再结合文章最后一句“But today’s science fiction might be tomorrow’s artificial sweetener.”（但今天的科幻小说可能会成为明天的人造甜味剂）可推知，随着未来的发展在咖啡中添加虚拟糖有可能成为现实。故选D。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。根据第一段“What we discovered just a few years ago is that there are regions of the brain-regions of the cortex-where particular fields of neurons represent these different tastes again, so there’s a sweet field, a bitter field, a salty field, etcetera.”（就在几年前，我们发现大脑的某些区域即大脑皮层的某些区域，神经元的特定区域代表着这些不同的味道，有甜味区，苦味区，咸味区，等等）可知，文章主要介绍了大脑层面对于味道的判断是与生俱来的。再结合文中所提到的实验介绍了两项实验，这篇文章最好的标题是只有大脑才能感知这种味道。故选B。

湖北省孝感市2021-2022学年高三下学期英语高考模拟测试
Opera is an art form that celebrates the human voice. No other art form creates excitement and moves the heart in the way that opera does, especially when performed by a great singer. Opera is an important part of the Western classical music tradition. It uses music, words, and actions to bring a dramatic story to life. Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe. Over the years, it has responded to various musicals. In recent decades, much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology. Some singers have become celebrities thanks to performing on radio, on TV, and in the cinema.
However, in recent years, opera has been facing serious challenges. One current challenge to opera is economic. The shortage of money raises the broader question of how much should be paid to support opera singers and other artists. Society seems to accept the large salaries paid to business managers and the multi-million-dollar contracts given to sports athletes. But what about opera singers? Somehow, people have the idea that artists can be creative only if they suffer in poverty, but this is unrealistic. If artists, including opera singers, lack the support they need, valuable talent is wasted.
Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships. Principal (主要的)singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show. They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练) before a show starts.
Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment. Pop singers are often judged as much on the basis of how they look as how they sound. These demands may be unrealistic and possibly harmful. Opera singers simply cannot make a sound big enough to fill a large theater or concert hall without a microphone if their body weight is too low. Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best.
There are no easy solutions to opera's problems and there are many different opinions about the value of opera. However, every year many young people register for music courses with hopes and dreams of developing their talents in this special art form. The fact that opera has survived many obstacles and continues to attract the rising generation shows that it remains a respected art form full of value.
8. Which of the statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Opera singers' life stories are dramatic.
B. Opera will soon appear on TV and in films
C. Opera fans thank celebrities for performing.
D. Opera develops by adapting to new conditions.
9. What can we know from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Opera singers are financially insecure.
B. Opera singers waste their valuable talent.
C. Opera singers get paid before the show.
D. Opera singers perform better if they are poor.
10. What does the author try to say in Paragraph 4?
A. Popular culture has had a positive influence on opera.
B. Audiences know best how opera should be performed.
C. Microphones should be used to make opera more enjoyable.
D. Opera singers' voices should be valued more than their looks.
11. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Economic Challenge to Opera B. Opera Faced with the Difficulties
C. Opera as Part of Popular Culture D. The Historical Context of Opera
【答案】8. D9. A10. D11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。近年来，歌剧面临着很多严峻的挑战，但歌剧依然有着顽强的生命力。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一段第五句到第七句“Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and later became popular throughout Europe. Over the years, it has responded to various musicals. In recent decades, much wider audiences have been introduced to opera through modern recording technology. ”（歌剧起源于16世纪末的意大利，后来风靡整个欧洲。多年来，它对各种音乐剧做出了回应。近几十年来，通过现代录音技术，歌剧吸引了更多的观众。）可知，歌剧是在适应新的环境中发展起来的。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships. Principal (主要的)singers are generally paid performance fees once they complete a show. They typically receive nothing during the many weeks of rehearsal (排练) before a show starts.”（不仅是资金短缺，而且在歌剧界的资金管理方式也导致了困难。首席歌手通常会在演出结束后获得演出费用。在演出开始前的几个星期里，他们通常什么也得不到。）可知，歌剧演员在经济上没有保障。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Emphasizing physical appearance over singing ability may cause audiences to miss out on the human voice at its best.”（强调外表而不是歌唱能力可能会导致观众错过人声的最佳状态。）可知，作者在第四段中想表达的是歌剧演唱者的声音应该比他们的外表更受重视。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“However, in recent years, opera has been facing serious challenges.”（然而，近年来，歌剧面临着严峻的挑战。），第三段第一句“Not only the shortage of money, but also the way money is managed in the opera world has led to hardships.”（不仅是资金短缺，而且在歌剧界的资金管理方式也导致了困难。）和第四段第一句“Another problem faced by opera is how to meet the demands of audiences who are influenced by popular entertainment.”（歌剧面临的另一个问题是如何满足受大众娱乐影响的观众的需求。）可知，文章主要是讲歌剧面临着很多严峻的挑战。故选B。