专题03（阅读理解之说明文）第01期 2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递

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2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递（第01期）
专题03（阅读理解之说明文）解析版






重庆市南开中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第四次质量检测英语试题
Witnessed by organizers, sports figures, performers and students, the flame for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games—housed in a red lantern—drew crowds of onlookers as it was escorted （护送）by volunteers into the ceremony held at Beijing's Olympic Tower. The flame arrived early on Wednesday, October 20 after being flown from Greece, the birthplace of the Olympics, where it was lit two days earlier.
The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will run from Feb. 4 to Feb. 20. Games events are scheduled in three zones—downtown Beijing, the capital’s northwest Yanqing district and co-host Zhangjiakou in Hebei province.
As an iconic cultural element of the Olympic Games, the torch relay plays a significant role in promoting the host's international image while spreading the message of peace, solidarity, friendship and health. Due to the pandemic, however, games organizers have cut back the traditional torch relay to a small-scale event. The relay will take place in three host areas and involve about 1,200 torchbearers. The shortened torch relay with reduced crowds will help ensure the health and safety of all participants as well as that of local communities.
The relay is scheduled for Feb. 2 to Feb. 4, with the route connecting landmarks, historical sites and major tourism attractions in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The traditional offline event will make sure that people get to feel the warmth of the flame and get inspired by the Olympic spirit up close. An online version of the torch relay making use of virtual reality （VR）technologies is also planned for social media platforms. Although the length and duration of the torch relay has been reduced, this represents an innovative approach to maximize the benefits of the technology in connecting more people in an interactive way.
The designs of the torch, lantern and cauldron （主火炬）echo each other within a consistent concept that strikes a strong impression of dynamism and vitality. The lantern, which will be used for the flame exhibition tour, is based on the Changxin Palace Lamp, a bronze oil lamp from the Western Han Dynasty, while the cauldron features the same red and silver colors and cloud pattern as the torch. Drawing inspiration from the main cauldron for the 2008 Beijing Summer Games, the torch for the Beijing 2022 Games is called the uflying ribbon".
8. How was the flame sent to the welcoming ceremony in Beijing?
A. On a tower. B. In a red lantern.
C. By a sports figure. D. Through VR technologies.
9. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The preparation work has been adapted to the pandemic situation.
B. The Olympic Games help promote the host's international image.
C. The torch relay is an iconic cultural element of the Olympic Games.
D. Games organizers must ensure the health and safety of all participants.
10. Why are VR technologies used in the torch relay?
A. To welcome more athletes to the relay.
B. To attract people to the tourism attractions.
C. To connect more people in an interactive way.
D. To make people feel the warmth of the flame close.
11. What do we know about the 2022 Winter Olympic Games?
A. It is scheduled from Feb. 2 to Feb. 4.
B. Zhangjiakou will co-host the games events.
C. The torch relay will avoid historical sites in Beijing.
D. The designers of the torch are inspired by flying ribbon.
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在疫情情况下，北京冬奥会火炬的传递。介绍了火炬传递的时间，火炬的设计以及它的意义。
【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“the flame for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games—housed in a red lantern—drew crowds of onlookers as it was escorted （护送）by volunteers into the ceremony held at Beijing's Olympic Tower（2022年冬奥会的火焰—放置在一个红色灯笼里—当志愿者传递它时，吸引了成群的观看者）”可知，火焰是放置在一个红色灯笼里的，故选B。
【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Due to the pandemic, however, games organizers have cut back the traditional torch relay to a small-scale event. The relay will take place in three host areas and involve about 1,200 torchbearers. The shortened torch relay with reduced crowds will help ensure the health and safety of all participants as well as that of local communities.”（然而，由于疫情流行，奥运会组织者将传统的火炬接力活动缩减为小型活动。火炬接力将在三个主办区进行，约有1200名火炬手参加。缩短火炬接力时间，减少人群，将有助于确保所有参与者以及当地社区的健康和安全。）所以， 本段主要内容应概括为：（奥运火炬接力的）准备工作已适应了疫情防控的形势，故选择A项。
【10题详解】细节理解题。从文章第四段“...，this represents an innovative approach to maximize the benefits of the technology in connecting more people in an interactive way（这代表了一种新的方式来将技术的利益最大化，以一个互动的方式将更多的人联系起来）”可知，VR 技术的应用是为了用互动的方式使更多的人联系起来，所以选择C项。
【11题详解】细节理解题。从文章第第二段“The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will run from Feb. 4 to Feb. 20.（2022年北京冬奥会将举办从2月4日到2月20日）”可知，A项错误。由文章第二段提到“Games events are scheduled in three zones—downtown Beijing, the capital’s northwest Yanqing district and co-host Zhangjiakou in Hebei province（奥运比赛计划在三个地区举行——北京市中心,首都西北部的延庆和联合主办地河北省张家口市）”可知，B项正确。由文章第四段“The relay is scheduled for Feb. 2 to Feb. 4, with the route connecting landmarks, historical sites and major tourism attractions in Beijing and Zhangjiakou（火炬传递计划从2月2日到2月4日，路线包括北京和张家口的地标，历史遗迹以及主要的景点）”可知，C错误。由文章的最后一段中“Drawing inspiration from the main cauldron for the 2008 Beijing Summer Games（灵感来自于2008年奥运会的火炬塔）”可知，D项错误。

河北省衡水中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期一调考试英语试题
British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
8. What are the underwater museums intended to do?
A. To make huge profits. B. To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
C. To show Jason Taylor’s talent. D. To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
9. Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?
A. To popularize the features of the locals.
B. To remind people to protect themselves.
C. To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.
D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
10. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How the project was started. B. How the seagrass was restored.
C. What recovery effort the project made. D. Why the surroundings were improved.
11. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?
A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了Taylor创建水下博物馆的初衷以及该项目所造成的积极影响。
【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen.”（Taylor告诉Dezeen记者:“我们的主要目标是让人们注意到我们的海洋需要我们的帮助。” ）可知水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.”（这些脸有6英尺高，重达10吨，被分成两部分，外部部分像一个面具。 这幅面具表明，从表面上看，世界上的海洋似乎强大而不可战胜，但它的生态系统对于粗心大意的人类活动来说极其脆弱）可知雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。
【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.”（虽然雕塑周围的水域现在呈现出一种纯净的蓝色，但当该项目大约四年前开始时，海底充满了旧的船只引擎、管道和其他人造垃圾。 除了清理垃圾，泰勒还恢复了该地区的海草。 仅仅一平方米的海草每天就能产生多达10升的氧气。 海草还有助于防止海岸侵蚀，并为许多海洋生物提供栖息地）可知第四段主要讲了项目做出了哪些恢复努力。故选C。
【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.””（Taylor告诉Dezeen的记者:“创建水下博物馆的想法是为了吸引更多的人在水下，并培养一种关心和保护的意识。” “如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾，会引起公众的强烈抗议。 但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生，而且很大程度上被忽视了。” ）可推断出海洋的情况很容易被忽视。故选A。
河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题
Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.
The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu, a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes (微生物) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.
A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. “Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”
The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. “There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”
The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.
However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.
12. What are the experts starved of?
A. Investigating the sites. B. Excavating the gold mines.
C. Getting further informed. D. Unearthing gold deposits.
13. What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?
A. Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.
B. Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.
C. Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.
D. Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.
14. How does the author find the finding?
A. It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.
B. It has a long way to go before confirmation.
C. It lays the foundation of geological studies.
D. It ensures the search of gold sites.
15. What can be the suitable title for the text?
A. Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold
B. Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia
C. Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold Mine
D. New Discovery of Gold with Fungi
12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了“喜欢”金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生物习性及相应的科学展望。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.”可知，专家们迫切希望“淘金者”能提供金矿的位置信息，使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易，更环保。由此可知，专家们希望获得更多关于携带金子的真菌的信息。故选C。
【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected.”及Dr. Bohu说的话“But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”可知，虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作用，但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃，两者间的相互作用既不寻常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的““There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.””可知，“这种反应有生物学上的好处。” Dr. Bohu说，“与其他不能与黄金共生的真菌相比，喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。”由此可知，Dr. Bohu认为真菌与黄金的相互作用出人意料，但却是有益的。故选A。
14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground.(研究人员仍然需要进行进一步的分析，以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是，他们需要确定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象)”以及最后一段“However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see.(然而，那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了，因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到)”可推断出，作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选B。
【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil.”以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述，包括发现方式、发现分析及对其的科学展望等可知，标题核心词为gold-loving fungi(喜金真菌)。A项中核心词为beauty-loving fungi(爱美真菌)，错误；C选项中核心词为gold mine(金矿)，错误；D选项中核心词为gold with fungi(含真菌的金子)，错误。故选B。
【点睛】标题猜测题目的解题步骤。一、阅读题目要求，确定文章主题；二，通读短文，了解段落内容作简要概括，留意核心词（比如本文的核心词为gold-loving fungi）；三、参看全文，对答案检验，是否存在段落与标题不符的情况。比如第4题选中B答案后，要将该标题带到每个分段落中，看是否存在不符。如果存在，就得重新考虑标题选择；不存在，即可确定答案。

广东省2021-2022学年高三上学期综合能力测试(二)英语试题
White was one of the first colors used in art in the 15th century, and one would think that there is little room left to improve its '"whiteness". It turns out that is far from the case. A team of researchers led by Xiulin Ruan, a professor at Purdue University, recently revealed an 'ultra-white" paint that they believe could even help fight climate change.
The scientists, who spent six years creating the world's "whitest white" paint, claim that the white paints currently available make surfaces warmer rather than cooler. That's because they only reflect 80 to 90 percent of the sunlight and cannot make surfaces cooler than the surrounding temperature. The newly-revealed ultra-white paint not only reflects 98.1 percent of sunlight, but also prevents surface infrared (红外线的) heat from being absorbed.
“Our paint absorbs 1.9% of sunlight, but those commercial paints absorb 10% of the sunlight - five times as much as our paint absorbs," Dr. Ruan says. "They look white, they are pretty white, but they aren't white enough --- they're not able to cool beyond the surrounding temperature.”
Outdoor tests of the new paint indicated it could keep surfaces 5℃ cooler than the surrounding temperature under the strong noon sunlight and as much as 10℃ cooler at night.
“We did a very rough calculation," Dr. Ruan told a news reporter. "And we estimate we would only need to paint 1 percent of the Earth's surface with this paint - perhaps an area where no people live that is covered in rocks - and that could help fight the climate change trend.”
However, Hashem Akbari, professor of building at Concordia University, believes the paint's real benefits can only be proved after being in use for a few years. "Dirt and dust tend to decrease the reflectivity of the surface," Akbari said. "If it starts with 95% reflectivity, the pollutants from the air could collect on the surface, and they decrease the reflectivity."
12. What does the text intend to tell us?
A. A new color has been found.
B. A new paint has been created.
C. Climate change is under control.
D. New research is causing argument.
13. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The surfaces. B. The scientists.
C. The traditional paints. D. The two kinds of colors.
14. What can be inferred about Dr. Ruan's new paint?
A. It absorbs less sunlight. B. It has been widely used.
C. It makes surfaces warmer. D. It functions only in the daytime.
15. What is Hashem's attitude to the new paint?
A. Reserved. B. Optimistic. C. Disappointed. D. Uninterested.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型涂料，一些科学家相信这种新型涂料能帮助对抗气候变化。
【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A team of researchers led by Xiulin Ruan, a professor at Purdue University, recently revealed an 'ultra-white" paint that they believe could even help fight climate change.”(由普渡大学教授Xiulin Ruan带领的一个研究小组最近发现了一种“超白”涂料，他们相信这种涂料甚至可以帮助对抗气候变化。)可知，本文主要是想告诉我们一种新的涂料被创作出来了，故选B。
2.指代猜测题。根据上文“The scientists, who spent six years creating the world's "whitest white" paint, claim that the white paints currently available make surfaces warmer rather than cooler.”(这些科学家花了六年时间创造了世界上 “最白的白色涂料”，他们声称，目前可用的白色涂料使表面更温暖，而不是更冷。)和划线单词所在的句子“That's because they only reflect 80 to 90 percent of the sunlight and cannot make surfaces cooler than the surrounding temperature.”(那是因为它们只能反射80% 到90% 的阳光，不能使表面比周围的温度更冷。)可知，划线单词所在的句子解释了目前可用的白色涂料使表面更温暖，而不是更冷的原因，所以可以推断出，划线单词they(它们)指代的是上句话中提到的“the white paints currently available”(目前可用的白色涂料)，即传统涂料，故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Our paint absorbs 1.9% of sunlight, but those commercial paints absorb 10% of the sunlight - five times as much as our paint absorbs,”(我们的涂料吸收1.9%的阳光，但那些商业涂料吸收10%的阳光，吸收阳光的量是我们涂料的5倍)可知，Ruan博士的新型涂料吸收更少的太阳光，故选A。
4.观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句话“However, Hashem Akbari, professor of building at Concordia University, believes the paint's real benefits can only be proved after being in use for a few years.”(然而，Concordiav大学建筑学教授Hashem Akbari认为，这种涂料的真正好处只有在使用几年后才能得到证明。)可知，Hashem对这种新型涂料的态度是有所保留的，A选项“Reserved”(保留的)符合，B. Optimistic乐观的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Uninterested漠不关心的，均不符合，故选A。

湖南省长沙市重点高中2022届高三上学期1月月考 英语试卷
Britain’s meat industry on Friday warned that an upcoming shortage of carbon dioxide (CO2) could cause massive disruption (中断) to food supplies within two weeks.
The gas is used to stun animals before slaughter (屠宰) , in the vacuum packing of food products to extend their shelf life, and to put the fizz into beer, cider and soft drinks. It is also required for some medical procedures and used in the nuclear and semi-conductor industries.
Britain’s food supply chain, already creaking from a severe shortage of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) drivers and the impact of Brexit (脱欧) and COVID-19, is heavily reliant on fertiliser producers for CO2 which is a by-product of their production process. However, two of the largest fertiliser producers, Norway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Holdings CF.N, have restrained production due to a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started to dry up CO2 supplies.
Nick Allen, chief executive of the British Meat Processors Association (BMPA), said that once current stocks of the gas run out, some meat companies will have to stop taking animals and close production lines, leading to a logjam of animals back to the farms. “We already have this situation in the pig industry which is now facing the disruption prospect of a humane killing on farms,” he said. The BMPA is persuading Business Minister Kwasi Kwarteng to help support UK CO2 production in the short-term.
“We are monitoring this situation closely and are in regular contact with the food and farming organizations and industry, to help them manage the current situation,” said a UK government spokesperson. “The UK benefits from having access to highly diverse sources of gas supply to ensure households, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price. Britain last suffered a major CO2 shortage in 2018, leading to some drinks wholesalers to ration (定量) sales.”
28．What’s the direct cause of the CO2 shortage this year?
A．A government policy. B．Cost rise.
C．Transportation failure. D．An infectious disease.
29．What does the underlined word “logjam” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Recovery. B．Promise.
C．Death. D．Bottleneck.
30．What measure may the UK government take?
A．To explore more gas supplies. B．To stop marketing animals.
C．To limit the drinks wholesale. D．To close production lines.
31．What may be the suitable title for the passage?
A．Diverse Applications of CO2 B．The Future of Britain’s Meat Industry
C．Efforts Taken to Produce CO2 D．CO2 Shortage Hit Food Supplies
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。
28.推理判断题。根据第三段“However, two of the largest fertiliser producers, Norway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Holdings CF.N, have restrained production due to a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started to dry up CO2 supplies.”(然而，两个最大的化肥生产商，Norway’s Yara YAR.OL和它的对手CF Industries Holdings CF.N限制了生产，是由于天然气价格突然上涨，这也反过来导致二氧化碳供应开始枯竭。)可知，天然气价格上涨，导致二氧化碳供应紧缺，所以可以推断出，今年二氧化碳紧缺是由于成本上升，故选B。
29.词意猜测题。根据上下文“some meat companies will have to stop taking animals and close production lines, leading to a logjam of animals back to the farms.”(一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，导致动物回到农场陷入困境。)可知，一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，这导致动物回农场陷入困境，“logjam”此处表示困境；僵局，与选项A“Bottleneck”(瓶颈)符合，B. Promise承诺；C. Setback挫折；D. Recovery恢复。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段“The UK benefits from having access to highly diverse sources of gas supply to ensure households, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price.”(英国从获得高度多样化的天然气供应来源中受益匪浅，它确保家庭、企业和重工业以公平的价格获得天然气能源。)可知，英国政府可能采取的措施是探索更多的天然气供应来源，故选A。
31.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出二氧化碳短缺造成食物供应中断；第二段介绍了二氧化碳的主要作用；第三段具体解释了二氧化碳造成食物供应紧缺的原因；第四段介绍了一些肉类公司面临困境；第五段主要介绍了英国政府的应对措施。所以，纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。所以适合文章的标题是B选项“CO2 Shortage Hit Food Supplies”(二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应)，故选D。

黑龙江省实验中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第六次月考英语试题
The team of researchers from the University of Lincoln, UK, is designing and building an app to help farmers in hot climates identify and record the spread of locusts(蝗虫) on their land.
By recognizing locusts through the smartphone’s camera, the app will be able to identify the stage of the insect's growth and record its location. This information can then be utilized so that the farmers can use pesticides(杀虫剂) more accurately in the early stages of their life time, greatly reducing the amount of crop damage.
This approach could also reduce remaining pesticide levels, leading to increased food safety while maintaining food security and protecting nearby water systems.
“Each year, approximately 18 million hectares of land are damaged by locusts, influencing hugely farmers and their productivity, explains Dr. Bashir Al-Diri from the School of Computer Science at the University of Lincoln.” Their monitoring techniques currently rely on field surveys by people through digging insect eggs, but this information only helps farmers to make mid and long-term forecasting decisions and can delay effective management measures. By digitally recording the exact number, age and location of locusts, we hope this new app will put more knowledge and more power into the hands of the farmers.
Dr. Al-Diri and his team of computer scientists work with the Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology at the University of Lincoln, aiming to support and improve productivity, efficiency and farming through research, education and new technology.
With advanced technology, the developers hope that the app will also be used for a wide range in the future to capture and document information about the natural world. For example, it could easily be adapted to help individuals identify plant diseases or to digitally capture the number and type of birds and wildlife in specific locations as part of national and international surveys.
4. What do we know about the app mentioned in the passage?
A. It has helped farmers record the spread of locusts.
B. It will be of great use for farmers in hot climates.
C. It may cost the farmers more than they expect.
D. It will remind farmers of what the locusts look like.
5. Which can replace the underlined word "utilized” in the passage?
A. Accessed. B. Controlled.
C. Arranged. D. Progressed.
6. What can we know according to Dr. Bashir Al-Diri?
A. Farmers don't know how to deal with locusts.
B. Their techniques can be used to dig insect eggs.
C. Farmers suffer greatly because of locusts.
D. Some steps must be taken before using the app.
7. What is the purpose of Al-Diri and his team?
A. To check if the app is useful in killing locusts.
B. To educate farmers on how to protect themselves.
C. To assist in raising agricultural production level.
D. To direct farmers to change their farming methods.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了英国的一个研究小组正在设计一个应用程序，以用来帮助检测蝗虫数量和降低杀虫剂使用量，从而帮助农民更好的提高生产力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The team of researchers from the University of Lincoln, UK, is designing and building an app to help farmers in hot climates identify and record the spread of locusts(蝗虫) on their land.(英国林肯大学的研究团队正在设计和构建一个应用程序，以帮助炎热气候地区的农民识别和记录蝗虫在他们土地上的传播)以及第二段中By recognizing locusts through the smartphone’s camera, the app will be able to identify the stage of the insect’s growth and record its location.(通过智能手机的摄像头识别蝗虫，该应用程序将能够识别蝗虫的生长阶段并记录其位置)可知，这个应用程序将对于气候炎热地区的农民非常有用。故选B。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文so that the farmers can use pesticides(杀虫剂) more accurately in the early stages of their life time, greatly reducing the amount of crop damage.可知农民利用这些信息可以在蝗虫的生命早期更准确地使用杀虫剂，大大减少作物的损失，可知，下划线单词是“利用，使用”的意思。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Each year, approximately 18 million hectares of land are damaged by locusts, influencing hugely farmers and their productivity, explains Dr. Bashir Al-Dini from the School of Computer Science at the University of Lincoln.可知林肯大学计算机科学学院的Bashir Al-Dini博士解释说，每年约有1800万公顷的土地被蝗虫破坏，对农民及其生产力产生巨大影响。由此可知，蝗虫给农民们带来巨大损失。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段Dr. Al-Diri and his team of computer scientists work with the Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology at the University of Lincoln, aiming to support and improve productivity, efficiency and farming through research, education and new technology.可知Al-Diri尼博士和他的计算机科学家团队与林肯大学林肯农业食品技术研究所合作，旨在通过研究、教育和新技术来支持和提高生产力、效率和耕作。由此可知，艾尔迪尼博士和该团队的目的是通过研究、教育和新技术来支持和提高生产力、效率和耕作。故选C。

黑龙江省实验中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第六次月考英语试题
A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag which results from flying long distances in an airplane People with jet lag feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems in thinking clearly and remembering.
Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study which involved twenty women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas.
The researcher took some saliva from the women’s mouths to measure levels of a hormone (荷尔蒙) that increases during stress. He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen. And he took pictures of their brains to measure the size of the brain’s temporal lobes (脑叶).
It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen. The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test. And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones.
The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory.
Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently affect memory.
8. What causes jet lag according to the passage?
A. Having a long trip. B. Flying across many countries.
C. Making lengthy flight journeys. D. Traveling across several time zones.
9. What are the second and third paragraphs about?
A. The process of the study. B. The result of the study.
C. The meaning of the study. D. The preparation of the study.
10. What did the researcher find about his jet lag study?
A. The women who have longer flights fail the memory test.
B. The women who have longer rest at home show better memory.
C. The women who rest more than 14 days produce more hormones.
D. The women who have less time in flight have smaller right temporal lobes.
11. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Solution to Jet Lag B. Influences of Jet Lag on the Brain
C. Jet Lag PermanentlyAffects Memory D. FlightAttendants’BrainsAre in Danger
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“时差对大脑的影响”。实验表明长时间乘坐飞机会导致大脑变小，但是最终的结论还需要大量的实验。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中jet lag which results from flying long distances in an airplane.可知，这是由于乘坐飞机长途飞行导致的时差反应。可知，长途飞行会引起时差反应。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty women who worked for international airlines.“最近，英国布里斯托尔大学(University of Bristol)的一名研究人员报告了他的时差反应研究结果，该研究涉及20名在国际航空公司工作的女性。”和第三段第一句The researcher took some saliva from the women’s mouths to measure levels of a hormone (荷尔蒙) that increases during stress.“研究人员从这些女性的嘴里提取了一些唾液，以测量在压力下增加的荷尔蒙水平。”可知，这两段讲述的是“研究的过程。”故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen.(研究发现，飞行间隔时间较短的女性右颞叶较小。大脑的这个区域负责识别和记忆所看到的东西。)可知，在家休息时间越长的女性记忆力越好。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag which results from flying long distances in an airplane. People with jet lag feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems in thinking clearly and remembering.(一项新的研究表明，人类大脑的一部分可能会变小，这是由于乘坐飞机长途飞行导致的时差反应的结果。有时差反应的人会连续几天感到非常疲倦。他们也可能在思维清晰和记忆方面有问题。)，结合下文内容可推断，文章讲述的是“时差对大脑的影响”。故选B。


The European commission has unveiled a "digital green certificate" that could allow EU citizens who have been vaccinated, tested negative or recovered from Covid-19 to travel more freely this summer.
The plan would also allow southern states such as Spain, Greece and Portugal, whose economies are most reliant on tourism, to make bilateral arrangements with non-EU members – including Britain – providing the deals are approved by the commission."We aim to help member states reinstate the freedom of movement in a safe, responsible and trusted manner,” the European commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, said as the scheme was unveiled on Wednesday,which was actively promoted by southern European holiday destinations whose economies have been devastated by the pandemic.
The digital document, containing a QR code and carried on a mobile phone, has deliberately not been called a "vaccine passport" because some member states felt that would discriminate against those who had not yet been offered a shot.
The certificate is "not a passport ... but a document that will describe the medical situation of the individuals who hold it", the commission spokesman, Eric Mamer, said.The certificate, should mean travellers will not need to quarantine(检疫,隔离) would be available to all citizens who can provide evidence that they have either been vaccinated against Covid-19, have recently tested negative, or have acquired antibodies after recovering from the virus.
The EU aims to vaccinate three-quarters of its adult population by the end of summer and officials remain hopeful that if national delivery speeds up, many restrictions could be lifted in time for the holidays.
8. What does the underlined word “reinstate” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Recover. B. Contain.
C. Adopt. D. Desire.
9. Why did southern European holiday destinations strongly support the plan?
A. Because their economies hardly depend on tourism.
B. Because travellers will not need to quarantine in any country.
C. Because they hope to promote economic recovery.
D. Because the European commission has unveiled the scheme.
10. Who can get a “digital green certificate”according to the commission?
A. Any EU citizen. B. A citizen vaccinated.
C. A British. D. A citizen obtaining antibodies.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The EU’s new scheme
B. A new way to resist pandemic
C. Digital green certificates for travelling more freely
D. Digital green certificates for vaccinated citizens
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。欧盟推出的一种“数字绿色证书”，允许已接种疫苗、新冠病毒检测为阴性或患新冠肺炎后康复的欧盟公民今夏在欧盟境内更自由地出行。
8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“The European commission has unveiled a "digital green certificate" that could allow EU citizens who have been vaccinated, tested negative or recovered from Covid-19 to travel more freely this summer. （欧盟推出的一种“数字绿色证书”，允许已接种疫苗、新冠病毒检测为阴性或患新冠肺炎后康复的欧盟公民今夏在欧盟境内更自由地出行。）”以及本句中的“the freedom of movement in a safe, responsible and trusted manner”，可知是通过安全、负责任以及可信任的方式恢复旅行自由。根据语境，可猜测出reinstate意为“恢复”， A. Recover回复；B. Contain包含；C. Adopt采取；D. Desire渴望。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“which was actively promoted by southern European holiday destinations whose economies have been devastated by the pandemic.（南欧度假地积极推进此计划，疫情已经摧毁了南欧度假地的经济。）”可知南欧度假地积极推进此计划是想促进经济恢复，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“…would be available to all citizens who can provide evidence that they have either been vaccinated against Covid-19, have recently tested negative, or have acquired antibodies after recovering from the virus.（所有能提供证据表明自己已经接种新冠疫苗、近期新冠病毒检测为阴性或在患病康复后拥有新冠抗体的人都可以获取该证明。）”可知有抗体的市民可以获得证书，故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The European commission has unveiled a "digital green certificate" that could allow EU citizens who have been vaccinated, tested negative or recovered from Covid-19 to travel more freely this summer. （欧盟推出的一种“数字绿色证书”，允许已接种疫苗、新冠病毒检测为阴性或患新冠肺炎后康复的欧盟公民今夏在欧盟境内更自由地出行。）”主题句在第一段， C选项“为接种疫苗的公民颁发的数字绿色证书”符合文章主题，故选C。

湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三上学期第五次月考英语试题
Britain’s meat industry on Friday warned that an upcoming shortage of carbon dioxide (CO2) could cause massive disruption (中断) to food supplies within two weeks.
The gas is used to stun animals before slaughter (屠宰), in the vacuum packing of food products to extend their shelf life, and to put the fizz into beer, cider and soft drinks. It is also required for some medical procedures and used in the nuclear and semi-conductor industries.
Britain’s food supply chain, already creaking from a severe shortage of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) drivers and the impact of Brexit (脱欧) and COVID-19, is heavily reliant on fertiliser producers for CO2 which is a by-product of their production process. However, two of the largest fertiliser producers, Norway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Holdings CF.N, have restrained production due to a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started to dry up CO2 supplies.
Nick Allen, chief executive of the British Meat Processors Association (BMPA), said that once current stocks of the gas run out, some meat companies will have to stop taking animals and close production lines, leading to a logjam of animals back to the farms. “We already have this situation in the pig industry which is now facing the disruption prospect of a humane killing on farms,” he said. The BMPA is persuading Business Minister Kwasi Kwarteng to help support UK CO2 production in the short-term.
“We are monitoring this situation closely and are in regular contact with the food and farming organizations and industry, to help them manage the current situation,” said a UK government spokesperson. “The UK benefits from having access to highly diverse sources of gas supply to ensure households, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price. Britain last suffered a major CO2 shortage in 2018, leading to some drinks wholesalers to ration (定量) sales.”
28. What’s the direct cause of the CO2 shortage this year?
A. A government policy. B. Cost rise.
C. Transportation failure. D. An infectious disease.
29. What does the underlined word “logjam” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Recovery. B. Promise.
C. Death. D. Bottleneck.
30. What measure may the UK government take?
A. To explore more gas supplies. B. To stop marketing animals.
C. To limit the drinks wholesale. D. To close production lines.
31. What may be the suitable title for the passage?
A. Diverse Applications of CO2 B. The Future of Britain’s Meat Industry
C. Efforts Taken to Produce CO2 D. CO2 Shortage Hit Food Supplies
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“However, two of the largest fertiliser producers, Norway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Holdings CF.N, have restrained production due to a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started to dry up CO2 supplies.(然而，两个最大的化肥生产商，Norway’s Yara YAR.OL和它的对手CF Industries Holdings CF.N限制了生产，是由于天然气价格突然上涨，这也反过来导致二氧化碳供应开始枯竭)”可知，天然气价格上涨，导致二氧化碳供应紧缺，所以可以推断出，今年二氧化碳紧缺是由于成本上升，故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上下文“some meat companies will have to stop taking animals and close production lines, leading to a logjam of animals back to the farms.(一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，导致动物回到农场陷入困境)”可知，一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，这导致动物回农场陷入困境，划线词logjam此处表示“困境，僵局”，与选项D. Bottleneck(瓶颈)符合。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The UK benefits from having access to highly diverse sources of gas supply to ensure households, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price.(英国从获得高度多样化的天然气供应来源中受益匪浅，它确保家庭、企业和重工业以公平的价格获得天然气能源)”可知，英国政府可能采取的措施是探索更多的天然气供应来源，故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段指出二氧化碳短缺造成食物供应中断；第二段介绍了二氧化碳的主要作用；第三段具体解释了二氧化碳造成食物供应紧缺的原因；第四段介绍了一些肉类公司面临困境；第五段主要介绍了英国政府的应对措施。所以，纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。所以适合文章的标题是B选项：CO2 Shortage Hit Food Supplies(二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应)。故选D。

湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三上学期第五次月考英语试题
Picture an iceberg(冰山).You'll probably imagine something white as snow rising up out of a blue sea. But icebergs can be all sorts of shades. They can be from a frosty blue to an attractive green.
Researchers and sailors have observed emerald(翠绿色)icebergs for years. A large piece of ice "mast-high" and "green as emerald" even appears in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1834 poem. But they haven't found out exactly why these icebergs look the way they do.
A new paper led by Stephen Warren was published. It all has to do with what icebergs are made out of. Icebergs break off glaciers(冰川)or ice shelves, which happens mainly around Antarctica and Greenland. They begin their lives as snowfall that accumulates over time. So. icebergs contain air pockets with the form of bubbles that spread light. With some exceptions and rare lines, glacier ice tends to look bluish white.
At first，Warren guessed that the green was a product of melt carbon. And it came from rotting plants or sea animals. But samples(样本)didn't prove it. Another idea started to take shape after they had found a high concentration of iron in a sample of sea ice from the Amery Ice Shelf.
When glaciers rub across land they produce what's known as glacier flour. It is a product of bedrock being ground clown by the moving mass. As glaciers move away, these remains are usually washed out into water. in particles sometimes too small to be noticeable to your eyes. But on land. soil and rocks contain iron oxides that often have rosy colors. like reds, yellows, and browns-and since the sea ice contained 500 times more iron than the glacier ice, Warren wondered whether the remains were responsible for icebergs taking on a green appearance.
He doesn't know for sure. He's hoping to secure money so that he can return to the area and study the icebergs themselves.
32. Why is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem mentioned in the text?
A. It tells why icebergs look the way they do.
B. It describes vividly what icebergs are like.
C. It says causes of the appearance of icebergs.
D. It proves the existence of colorful icebergs.
33. What can we know about Stephen Warren's paper?
A. It draws on researchers' and sailors' views.
B. It is the record of the movement of icebergs.
C. It talks about how icebergs come into being.
D. It is a collection of various social phenomena.
34. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. A sample of sea ice. B. Warren's first guess.
C. Warren's idea on iron. D. A product of melt carbon.
35. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. The possible reason why icebergs look green.
B. Where most of icebergs eventually disappear.
C. How icebergs take in the colors from glaciers.
D. The way in which icebergs breaks off glaciers.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释为什么冰山会呈现彩色。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers and sailors have observed emerald(翠绿色)icebergs for years.”可知，研究人员和船员观察翠绿色冰山多年，由此可知，作者提到塞尔·泰勒·柯尔律治的诗是因为他的诗可以证明彩色冰山的存在，故D项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A new paper led by Stephen Warren was published. It all has to do with what icebergs are made out of”可知,斯蒂芬·沃伦的论文是关于冰山是如何形成的，故C项正确。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前“At first, Warren guessed that the green was a product of melt carbon. And it came from rotting plants or sea animal.”可知，最初，沃伦猜测绿色是碳熔化的产物，它来自腐烂的植物或海洋动物，但是样本并不能证明这一点，由此可知it指的是沃伦最初的猜测，故B项正确。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段的介绍,尤其是“Warren wondered whether the remains were responsible for icebergs taking on a green appearance.”可知，沃伦想知道这些残骸是否是冰山呈绿色的原因，由此可知，本段主要讲的是冰山呈现绿色的可能原因，故A项正确。
【点睛】代词指代形式的词义猜测题的解题关键在于对画线词前的内容的理解，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前“At first, Warren guessed that the green was a product of melt carbon. And it came from rotting plants or sea animal.”可知，最初，沃伦猜测绿色是碳熔化的产物，它来自腐烂的植物或海洋动物，但是样本并不能证明他的这个猜测，由此可知it指的是沃伦最初的猜测。

天津市耀华中学2021-2022学年高三上学期统练(3)英语试题
Imagine this: You’re sitting in a London café with an English friend. He turns to you and asks if you think that “bird over there is a bunny boiler”. Would you: A) look blank and tell him rabbits can’t fly; B) curse the day you ever started studying the terrible English language; or C) give your opinion of whether that girl over there is crazy or not?
Teachers and students often talk about the “plateau (高原)” of language learning. The metaphor sees every word learned as a step on the journey towards fluency. When you’ve reached a certain high level, you stop improving and hit the “plateau”. Thousands of English language learners have wandered around for years on this flat, boring plateau. However, few have come up with ideas about how to get off it. If you answered A or B to the above situation then my solution may come as a surprise: You need slang (俚语) to lift you up and away.
Of course textbooks won’t recommend this route. Slang is too fast-changing to be recorded in them. And slang is also a dirty word to some teachers, who only like polite English. But English is not only an old-fashioned, polite language, it is also changing quickly. At the end of 2005, two fat new dictionaries — “The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English” and “Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang” hit the bookshops. Ignoring English’s slang is like travelling to a new country and only visiting places recommended in a 10-year-old guidebook. Boring. So where can you get a fix?
New books are good slanguage (slang-language) sources. If you’re tired of reading, buy a CD. Musicians and rappers like the UK’s Artic Monkey and The Streets and the US’ Kelis and Eminem are slang sensations (引起轰动的人), constantly playing tricks with the Queen’s English.
As the Austrian-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein said, the limits of your language are the limits of your world. So why not widen your horizons with a little properly used slanguage? From there it’s just a short step to pushing yourself and your friends off the plateau on all-new adventures.
46. The first paragraph is mainly written to ________.
A. show British people enjoy chatting with friends in a café
B. prove that slanguage is difficult to study
C. present the topic to be discussed in the passage
D. let the reader choose a correct answer
47. According to the passage, the underlined “bird” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to ________.
A. English language B. a young woman
C. slanguage D. a rabbit
48. Which of the following is TRUE of people on the “plateau” of language learning?
A. They never make any improvement in language learning.
B. They usually lose heart in language learning.
C. They know nothing about slang.
D. They are puzzled by how to learn a language better.
49. In the passage, slanguage is best seen as ________.
A. a key to the “plateau” problem B. a dirty word to some teachers
C. a 10-year-old guidebook D. a foreign language
50. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. “Slanguage” for music B. “Slanguage” and the Queen’s English
C. “Slanguage” on the go D. “Slanguage” to the rescue
【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英语俚语在交流中的作用，对提升英语水平的重要性并且作者也提供了俚语学习的方法。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章结构以及第一段的内容“You’re sitting in a London café with an English friend. He turns to you and asks if you think that “bird over there is a bunny boiler”. Would you: A) look blank and tell him rabbits can’t fly; B) curse the day you ever started studying the terrible English language; or C) give your opinion of whether that girl over there is crazy or not?（你和一个英国朋友坐在伦敦的咖啡馆里。他转向你，问你是否认为“(俚语) 那边那个女人精神错乱”。你会不会：A）茫然地告诉他兔子不会飞；B） 诅咒你开始学习糟糕的英语的那一天；或者C）给出你对那边那个女孩是否疯狂的看法？）”可知，第一段主要是通过一句俚语，以及随后引发的联想来引出主题。C项表述符合题意。故选C项。
【47题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“If you answered A or B to the above situation then my solution may come as a surprise: You need slang (俚语) to lift you up and away.（如果你对上述情况回答A或B，那么我的解决方案可能会出人意料：你需要俚语来提升自己）”可知，A回答和B回答都是不正确，所以需要参照C回答（give your opinion of whether that girl over there is crazy or not?）。通过C的回答，可以发现上文提到的“bird”对应的就是that girl。B选项a young woman(一个年轻的女孩)和that girl表示相似，符合题意。故选B项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thousands of English language learners have wandered around for years on this flat, boring plateau. However, few have come up with ideas about how to get off it.（数千名英语学习者多年来一直在这片平坦乏味的高原上游荡。然而，很少有人想到如何摆脱它）”可知，很多英语学习者学习到一定程度后就遇到了瓶颈，很难上去，但是他们却不知道如何去突破这个瓶颈，为此而感到困惑。D选项They are puzzled by how to learn a language better. (他们对如何更好地学习一门语言感到困惑)与题意吻合。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You need slang to lift you up and away.（你需要俚语来提升自己）” 以及最后一段“So why not widen your horizons with a little properly used slanguage? From there it’s just a short step to pushing yourself and your friends off the plateau on all-new adventures.（那么，为什么不用一些恰当使用的俚语来开阔你的视野呢？从这里开始，你只需迈出一小步，就可以让你自己和你的朋友踏出高原，开始全新的冒险。）”可知slanguage可以帮我们踏出高原（plateau），让我们从高原问题出走出来。A选项a key to the “plateau” problem(解决高原问题的关键)符合题意，故选A项。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“When you’ve reached a certain high level, you stop improving and hit the “plateau”（当你达到一定的高水平时，你就会停止进步，进入“高原”问题）”和第二段“You need slang (俚语) to lift you up and away.（你需要俚语来提升自己）”最后一段“So why not widen your horizons with a little properly used slanguage? From there it’s just a short step to pushing yourself and your friends off the plateau on all-new adventures.（那么，为什么不用一些恰当使用的俚语来开阔你的视野呢？从这里开始，你只需迈出一小步，就可以让你自己和你的朋友踏出高原，开始全新的冒险。）”可知，作者认为slanguage可以帮人们解决“高原”问题，并最终走出困境。D选项“Slanguage” to the rescue “俚语”拯救符合题意。故选D项。


天津市耀华中学2021-2022学年高三上学期统练(3)英语试题
Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons (季风), but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every year, moist (潮湿的) air masses, known as monsoon, produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.” With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”
51. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The effects of Asian monsoons. B. The necessity of weather forecast.
C A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. D. The achievements of Edward cook.
52. It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because ________.
A. it is hard to keep long-term climate records
B. there is heavy rainfall in Asia
C. they influence many nations
D. they are formed under complex climate systems
53. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak.
B. The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1300 years.
C. Long and detailed climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research.
D. The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas.
54. What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl?
A. It will help people prevent droughts and floods.
B. It should include information about human life in the past.
C. It has analyzed moisture models worldwide.
D. It is a great achievement in climate science.
55. Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?
A. Humorous. B. Matter-of-fact. C. Pessimistic. D. Friendly.
【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍亚洲季风影响着世界上半数人口，然而亚洲季风对于气象系统的影响却很难预测，目前美国学者收集了大量的记录，这给我们了解季风提供了有力的支持。
【51题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.(美国研究人员整理了一份700年来的雨季记录，有望为专家进行天气预报提供指导)”和倒数第二段“With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons. (研究人员说，有了所有这些信息，他们可以开始改进计算机气候模型，以预测季风的行为)”可推知，文章介绍亚洲季风难以预测，但美国科学家通过整理700年来的雨季记录，从而为科学预测季风提供了新的方法，所以C项“A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.(季风预测取得突破性进展)”是文章内容的最佳概括。故选C项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题，第三段中“According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. (纽约哥伦比亚大学的天气专家爱德华·库克表示，亚洲气候系统的复杂性使得季风很难预测)”可知，亚洲复杂的自然气候系统使得季风很难预测。故选D项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。第三段“In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. (此外，该地区的气候记录太近，不够详细，没有多大用处。因此，他和一组研究人员花了超过15年的时间在亚洲各地寻找足够古老的树木，以提供长期记录)”可推知，长期而详细的气候记录才可以为季风研究提供有用的信息。故选C项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。文章最后一段Eugene Wahl的话“So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.(所以，更详细地了解在这么长的时间段里区域的湿度模式、干燥和潮湿，我认为这是气候科学的一种胜利)”可知，Eugene Wahl认为这一研究是气候科学的一项伟大成就。故选D项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。本文是一篇科普类的说明文，文章介绍了美国科学家通过整理700年来的雨季记录，从而为科学预测季风提供了新的方法，在季风研究上取得了突破。全文以客观的态度，用科学事实和研究者的观点说话，有理有据，所以本文的语调是客观的，实事求是的。故选B项。

天津市耀华中学2021-2022学年高三上学期统练(3)英语试题
In times of economic crisis, Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won’t necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.
We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. By 1932, when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929. But this doesn’t mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse (配偶) could manage alone.
Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households. Furthermore, the housing market meltdown (暴跌) will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.
After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities. A 1940 book “The Unemployed Man and His Family”, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work”. He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.
The problem is that such an impulse (冲动, 推动力) is hard to sustain (维持). Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale (士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed (压垮, 击溃) their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.
Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.
Today’s economic crisis could well generate (产生) a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably (无法弥补地) ruined. So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we’ll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.
56. In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to ________.
A. tear many troubled families apart
B. bring about a drop in the divorce rate
C. contribute to enduring family ties
D. cause a lot of conflicts in the family
57. In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because________.
A. starting a new family would be hard
B. they expected things would turn better
C. they wanted to better protect their kids
D. living separately would be too costly
58. In addition to job losses, what stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?
A. Mounting family debts. B. A sense of insecurity.
C. Falling housing prices. D. Difficulty in getting a loan.
59. What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples?
A. It will irreparably damage their relationship.
B. It will undermine (逐渐削弱) their mutual understanding.
C. It will help strengthen their emotional bonds.
D. It will force them to pull their efforts together.
60. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.
B. Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.
C. A stable family is the best protection against poverty.
D. Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. C 59. A 60. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济大萧条时期离婚率下降的真正原因。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“ If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate.(如果大萧条有什么指导意义的话，我们可能会看到居高不下的离婚率有所下降) ”可知，目前的经济危机很可能会带来极高离婚率的下降。故选B项。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse (配偶) could manage alone.(相反，随着收入的减少和工作的不稳定，不幸福的夫妇往往负担不起离婚。 他们担心夫妻双方都无法独自应对)”可知，不幸福的夫妻坚持在一起是因为分开住成本太高。故选D项。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ Furthermore, the housing market meltdown (暴跌) will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.(此外，房地产市场的崩溃将使他们更难通过出售他们的房子来筹集离婚所需的资金 )”可知，不幸福的夫妇离婚的障碍是房价下跌。故选C项。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段 “For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed.(压垮, 击溃) their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.(对一些人来说，没有稳定工作的生活艰辛最终压倒了他们维持家庭的努力。 在接下来的十年中，随着经济的复苏，离婚率再次上升 )”可知，当前的经济危机最终会对一些夫妇之间的关系产生不可挽回的破坏性影响。故选A项。
【60题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we’ll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.(因此，只有当经济恢复健康时，我们才会开始看到有多少破碎的家庭诞生 )”可知，言外之意是经济复苏后离婚率会上升。故选A项。


宁夏回族自治区2022届高三上学期第四次月考英语试题
An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is no fixed amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills,” says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.”
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers' can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. “If you lose your money,” Brook's mother told her, “you walk home.”
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store; then she called home for a fare. “Mom made me walk home, ” recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. “At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson.”
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home that can develop his or her initiative.
4. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How to work up an amount of pocket money.
B. How to teach a child to save money.
C. How to teach a child about money.
D. How to develop a child’s initiative.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance he or she may ________.
A. lose the money and can not return home B. feel responsible and care about money
C. spend all the money very soon D. be spoiled and finally ruined
6. In paragraph 4 the words “his peers” refer to ________.
A. his teachers B. his parents C. his financial experts D. his friends
7. The author implies in the passage that ________.
A. children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money
B. a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for the housework
C. children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money
D. paying children for their housework is no good
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述怎样通过零用钱让孩子学习到如何预算、储蓄，以及培养孩子的责任心。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. (零用钱是一个重要的工具，可以教会孩子如何预算、储蓄和做出自己的决定。当他们自己的钱丢失或愚蠢地花掉时，孩子们会记住并从错误中学习)”可知，这篇文章主要是阐述，怎样通过零用钱，让孩子学习到关于钱的知识，以便他们能合理利用钱。因此，这篇文章主要讨论的是C项“How to teach a child about money.(如何教孩子关于钱的知识。)”符合题意，故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“‘If you make the child responsible for these bills,’ says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, ‘he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.’”(消费者专家约瑟芬·斯旺森说：“如果你让孩子为这些账单负责，他或她将学会为必要的支出制定预算。”)”可推知，如果给一个孩子零用钱，他或她将学会制定预算，以便合理的利用手中的零用钱，避免不必要的支出，培养孩子的责任感，他们也更加在乎金钱。因此，从这篇文章可以推断，如果给一个孩子零用钱，他或她可能会“feel responsible and care about money(有责任感，在乎金钱)”符合题意，故选B项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends.(如果可以的话，让你孩子的零用钱和他的朋友的零用钱保持一致)”可推知，该句“A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.(一个购买力低于同龄人的孩子会感到落后)”中的“his peers’”指的是上一句提到的“his friends.”，即他的朋友。因此，在第4段中“his peers’”是指是D项“his friends (他的朋友。)”符合题意，故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. (孩子们应该在家里帮忙，不是因为他们得到报酬，而是因为他们作为家庭成员分担责任)”可推知，作者认为，做家务事孩子作为家庭成员，应该分担的责任，暗示付钱让孩子做家务是不好的。因此，作者在文章中暗示D项“paying children for their housework is no good(付钱给孩子做家务是不好的)”符合题意，故选D项。

杭州市学军中学2021-2022学年高三上学期高考模拟考试英语试题
New Zealand has announced it will outlaw smoking for the next generation so that those who are aged 14 and under today will never be legally able to buy tobacco.
New legislation (法规) means the legal smoking age will increase every year, to create a smoke-free generation of New Zealanders, associate Health Minister Dr Ayesha Verrall said on Thursday. “This is a historic day for the health of our people,” she said.
The government announced the rising age alongside other measures to make smoking unaffordable and inaccessible, to try to reach its goal of making the country entirely smoke-free within the next four years. Other measures include reducing the legal amount of nicotine in tobacco products to very low levels, cutting down the shops where cigarettes could legally be sold, and increasing funding to addiction services. The new laws will not restrict vape (电子烟) sales.
New Zealand's daily smoking rates have been dropping over time - down to 11.65% in 2018, from 18% a decade earlier. But smoking rates for Maori and Pacifika were far higher - 29% for Maori and 18% for Pasifika. “If nothing changes, it would be decades till Maori smoking rates fall below 5%,” Verrall said. She said to end smoking in the next four years was within reach: “I believe it is. The issue is, though, if we don't change what we’re doing, we won’t make it for Maori - and that’s what the plan is really focused on”.
Smoking has already been widely replaced by vaping among teenage New Zealanders, which is also attracting many young people who would never have taken up smoking - according to surveying of 19,000 high school students this year, nearly 20% were vaping daily or several times a day, the majority with high nicotine doses. That’s compared to 3% of those aged 15-17 who smoked daily in 2018, or 13% who smoked a decade earlier.
Verrall said the legislation would be introduced in 2022, with the age limits coming in in 2023.
4. What’s the final goal of the new legislation?
A. To forbid the people aged 14 and under to buy tobacco.
B. To make the country entirely smoke-free within years.
C. To make buying tobacco hard.
D. To increase the legal smoking age.
5. What’s true about New Zealand outlawing smoking for the next generation?
A. Everyone is allowed to purchase tobacco with permit.
B. Purchase of smoking becomes easier and less pricy.
C. The vape sales will be greatly influenced.
D. It benefits the building of a smoke-free generation.
6. What do the numbers in paragraph 4 reflect?
A. New Zealand’s daily smoking rate is quite low.
B. It has taken a long time to decrease the rate of smoking.
C. Smoking rates are not equal among different parts in New Zealand.
D. The smoking rate will be higher over the years.
7. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. A Historic Day of Smoking
B. Decreasing Smoking Rate of New Zealand
C. Vape-replacement of Tobacco
D. New Zealand to Ban Smoking for Next Generation
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。为了实现成为无烟国家的目标，新西兰拟推出新法案，禁止14岁以下的年轻人购买烟草。这一年龄限制将逐年提高，以扩大终身禁烟的人口比例。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The government announced the rising age alongside other measures to make smoking unaffordable and inaccessible, to try to reach its goal of making the country entirely smoke-free within the next four years.(政府宣布提高合法吸烟年龄，同时采取其他措施，让人们无力购买烟草且难以获得，以努力实现其在未来四年内使国家彻底无烟的目标)”可知，新法案的最终目标是全国无烟。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“New legislation (法规) means the legal smoking age will increase every year, to create a smoke-free generation of New Zealanders, associate Health Minister Dr Ayesha Verrall said on Thursday.(新西兰卫生部副部长Ayesha Verrall博士周四表示，新法案意味着合法吸烟年龄将逐年提高，以实现新西兰的无烟一代)”可知，新法规有利于建立无烟一代。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的数据和“But smoking rates for Maori and Pacifika were far higher(但毛利人和岛民的吸烟率要高得多)”可知，这些数据是为了说明不同地区的吸烟率不同。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段“New Zealand has announced it will outlaw smoking for the next generation, so that those who are aged 14 and under today will never be legally able to buy tobacco.(新西兰宣布，将禁止下一代人吸烟，因此14岁以下人群将终身无法合法购买烟草) ”可知，D项“New Zealand to Ban Smoking for Next Generation(新西兰将为下一代禁烟)”适合作为本文标题。故选D。

黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
Over the past 50 years, scientists have been attempting to understand one of the most pressing iss ues in biology — understanding how proteins fold. Recently, DeepMind, a leader in Al, demonstrated their project AlphaFold which won first place in a contest that encourages teams to accurately predict protein structures.
Proteins are one of the main building blocks of life — they help us maintain our health and fuel our bodies with energy. Each protein is made up of one-dimensional-strings of amino acids (氨基酸), and the folding process occurs when the chains fold into a three-dimensional shape to create an active protein. Protein folding is important as the structure of the protein determines its function. However, issues may arise during the folding process as proteins can become unfolded or misfolded, resulting in diseases and life-threatening conditions, such as Parkinsons disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and more.
Being able to predict a proteins shape is incredibly important. It will allow scientists to develop the right medicines and drug molecules (分子) that can join to the protein and possibly fix, or alleviate the consequences. Fixing damaged proteins is the key to solving a wide variety of diseases
DeepMind takes inspiration from the human brain and its pattern-matching abilities, known as neural networks. To train the algorithm (算法), scientists feed it several amino acid chains and the final protein structure. The machine gradually learns by observing the patterns, until it is ready to start making predictions.
Andrei Lupas, an evolutionary biologist in Germany, had been trying to understand a protein structure for a decade. Alpha Fold solved the problem in just thirty minutes!
There are some who question AlphaFold’s abilities, claiming that the algorithm may not work as well in real-life settings where amino acid strings are more complex. But despite this DeepMind’s achievement is definitely a milestone in biology. Not only is DeepMind in the process of applying this to the current COVID-19 pandemic and what proteins are affected but future pandemics and viruses could also be fought with ease!
12. What can we infer from the second paragraph？
A. Unfolded proteins are incredibly active.
B. Some diseases result from damaged proteins.
C. All proteins have the similar shapes.
D. The function of proteins decides their structures.
13. What does the underlined word “alleviate” in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Suffer B. Cause C. Bear D. Ease
14. Why does the author mention Andrei Lupas？
A. To stress the drawback of AlphaFold.
B. To analyze the barriers for AlphaFold
C. To explain the learning process of AlphaFold.
D. To prove the efficiency of AlphaFold.
15. What might be the best title for the text？
A. AI solves the biggest problem in biology
B. AI helps fix damaged proteins
C. AI makes proteins change their shapes
D. AI finds the cause of the illnesses
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人工智能帮助修复受损的蛋白质。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, issues may arise during the folding process as proteins can become unfolded or misfolded, resulting in diseases and life-threatening conditions, such as Parkinsons disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and more.（然而，在折叠过程中可能会出现问题，因为蛋白质会折叠或错误折叠，从而导致疾病和危及生命的情况，如帕金森氏症、阿尔茨海默氏症等）”，可知，有些疾病是由受损的蛋白质引起的。故选B。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It will allow scientists to develop the right medicines and drug molecules(分子) that can join to the protein and possibly fix,（这将使科学家能够开发出正确的药物和药物分子，这些药物和分子可以连接到蛋白质上，并可能修复，）”和“Fixing damaged proteins is the key to 'solving a wide variety of diseases（修复受损的蛋白质是“解决多种疾病”的关键）”，可知，如果不能修复受损，或许“减轻”后果。由此推知划线词的意思是“减轻”。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Andrei Lupas, an evolutionary biologist in Germany, had been trying to understand a protein'structure for a decade. Alpha Fold solved the problem in just thirty minutes!（德国进化生物学家安德烈·卢帕斯(Andrei Lupas)十年来一直在试图了解一种蛋白质的结构。Alpha Fold只用了30分钟就解决了这个问题!）”，可知，作提到Andrei Lupas是为了通过对比，来证明AlphaFold的高效。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Over the past 50 years, scientists have been attempting to understand one of the most pressing iss ues in biology--understanding how proteins fold. Recently, DeepMind, a leader in Al, demonstrated their project AlphaFold which won first place in a contest that encourages teams to accurately predict protein structures.（在过去的50年里，科学家们一直试图理解生物学中最紧迫的问题之一——理解蛋白质是如何折叠的。 最近，Al的领导者DeepMind展示了他们的项目AlphaFold，该项目在一场鼓励团队准确预测蛋白质结构的比赛中赢得了第一名）”，可知，本文讲述的是人工智能帮助修复受损的蛋白质。所以“AI helps fix damaged proteins”为最佳标题。故选B。

陕西省西安中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Are you planning to start your next international business presentation with a little joke to break the ice? Well, you might want to reconsider. The story is told of a businessman who gave a speech in a foreign country through an interpreter.
Without warning the interpreter, he told a joke during the presentation. The interpreter knew the joke would not translate, so she said, “This man just told a joke that he thinks is funny, but it does not translate well, and you will not find it funny at all.  So, when I stop talking, everyone please just laugh.” 
The audience did indeed laugh aloud, but not for the reason the speaker supposed. The businessman was so pleased with the first result that he went on to tell another joke. 
Each culture has different understandings of humour. What may be funny in one culture can be far from funny in another.
For example, while living in Chile, I often tried to share great jokes from the United States, only to be met with questions like, “Oh, is that a joke? Is that funny in your country?” Similarly, Chileans shared their own popular jokes that were not always funny to me.
In September 2001, Professor Richard Wiseman and the British Association for the Advancement of Science created a project called LaughLab in order to find the world’s funniest joke. And in one year, LaughLab received more than 40,000 jokes. The following joke is considered the world’s funniest joke by LaughLab:
“Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them falls down. He doesn’t seem to be breathing. The other man calls the emergency services. He says, ‘My friend is dead! What can I do?’ The operator says, ‘Calm down. I can help. First, let’s make sure he’s dead.’ There is a silence, and then a shot is heard. Back on the phone, the guy says, ‘OK, now what?’”  
If you decide you must share a joke or two in another country, ask the opinion of your interpreter first. Otherwise, the joke may be on you.
8. The underlined phrase “break the ice” in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by ________.
A. make a difference B. avoid misunderstanding
C. introduce the topic D. liven things up
9. Why did the audience laugh?
A. The joke was funny. B. The interpreter made a mistake.
C. They were told to do so. D. The businessman was humorous.
10. Why does the author mention his own experience?
A. To show Chileans are impolite.
B. To show humour is related to culture.
C. To show Chileans have no sense of humour.
D. To show it’s hard to understand American humour.
11. Why does the hunter shoot his friend?
A. His friend is in great pain.
B. The operator asks him to do so.
C. He is too worried to know what to do.
D. He misunderstands the meaning of “make sure”.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了笑话和对应的语言文化之间的关系。因此，我们使用笑话时要考虑听者的文化差异，不然就会造成误解。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段内容“Are you planning to start your next international business presentation with a little joke”（你打算用一个小笑话来开始你的下一次国际商务演讲）可知，在国际商务演讲中讲笑话是为了愉悦气氛。因此，break the ice与liven things up同义。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“This man just told a joke that he thinks is funny, but it does not translate well, and you will not find it funny at all. So, when I stop talking, everyone please just laugh.”（这个人刚刚讲了一个他认为很有趣的笑话，但翻译得不好，你根本就不会觉得好笑。 所以，当我不说话的时候，请大家都笑。）及第三段关键句“The audience did indeed laugh aloud, but not for the reason the speaker supposed.”（听众确实放声大笑，但不是因为演讲者想的那样。）可知，观众大笑是因为被告知要大笑。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Each culture has different understandings of humour. What may be funny in one culture can be far from funny in another.”（每种文化对幽默都有不同的理解。 在一种文化中好笑的东西，在另一种文化中可能就不那么好笑了。）及下一段描述内容可知，作者用自己的切身经历想要表达：幽默与文化有关。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“The other man calls the emergency services. He says, ‘My friend is dead! What can I do?’ The operator says, ‘Calm down. I can help. First, let’s make sure he’s dead.’ There is a silence, and then a shot is heard.”（另一个人打电话给急救中心。他说：‘我的朋友死了！我能做什么？’接线员说：‘冷静。我能帮你。首先，我们得确定他已经死了。’一阵沉默，然后听到一声枪响。 ）可知，第二个人原本要救第一个人，接线员让他去确定伤者有没有死亡，但是他误以为接线员让他确保第一个人已经死了，于是开了枪。所以，第二个猎人枪杀自己的朋友是因为他误解 了“确定”的意思。故选D项。

陕西省西安中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
How wonderful would it be if new technology could help the physically challenged? A smart wearable device that enables people with speaking disabilities to communicate normally is giving hope to those without a voice.
Tao Luqi, a research fellow at Chongqing University, used a material called graphene to produce an artificial throat with a tiny sensor that allows people with speech impairments to speak normally, according to a paper published in Nature Communications in 2017. Tao has continued his work on the device for the last four years.
Although it’s a tiny mechanical sensor, it can work wonders. The device can detect weak vibrations and can produce sounds across a wide spectrum, from 100Hz to 40kHz, China Daily reported. Humans can detect sounds in a frequency range from about 20Hz to 20kHz.
“Although the speaking impaired people can’t speak, their throats can vibrate,” Tao told The Paper. “If I put a device made of graphene into the throat of a person, it can detect the vibrations and make sounds using electrical signals.”
Even whispers, screams and coughs at different frequencies can be recorded and encoded by the device, and it can arrange them into groups. When the device detects the sounds in a particular group, it will reproduce the words, phrases or sentences, according to Tao.
“But the speaking impaired people need to classify their own language sounds in groups and memorize them, just like typing keys on a keyboard,” Tao said.
Tao’s artificial throat has brought the possibilities of graphene to reality. It’s been 17 years since the discovery of graphene, and the world has been waiting for the “wonder material” to provide groundbreaking innovations. At only the width of an atom, graphene is the thinnest material known to humans – and also the strongest. The material is also an efficient conductor of heat and electricity, and is ultra-lightweight, China Daily reported.
“Graphene really does have fantastic properties and its potential is huge,” said Khasha Ghaffarzadeh, a director at UK-based research consultancy IDTechEx.
China has emerged as a key country for graphene production. Around 3,000 Chinese companies are exploring uses for graphene, according to government statistics in 2018, while half of the world’s graphene-related patents have been filed in China, according to China Daily.
“It’s a brand-new science, and China is trying to take the lead,” said Neill Ricketts, chief executive at Versarien, a UK-based advanced material company.
12. How does the artificial throat give those who are speaking impaired the ability to speak?
A. It makes their throat vibrate.
B. It transforms vibrations into readable words.
C. It detects sounds normal people cannot hear.
D. It makes sounds based on the vibrations it detects.
13. What do the speaking impaired people need to do to use the device?
A. Identify frequencies of different sounds. B. Arrange the words into sentences.
C. Memorize their sound groups. D. Type the words with the device.
14. What do we know about graphene?
A. It is widely used in groundbreaking innovations.
B. It is the thinnest and strongest material ever found.
C. It can improve the efficiency of heat and electricity.
D. It weighs less than any other material.
15. What is the second to last paragraph mainly about?
A. Graphene’s potential widespread use in China.
B. Development of technology using graphene.
C. Graphene-related patents in China.
D. China’s leading role in graphene production.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了graphene（石墨烯）这种材料让说话有障碍的人们能够重新拾得讲话的能力，另外也重点讲述了石墨烯这种材质的特征以及中国在石墨烯方面和研究和成果。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The device can detect weak vibrations and can produce sounds across a wide spectrum（该设备可以检测微弱的振动，并能在很宽的频谱范围内发出声音）”以及第四段“If I put a device made of graphene into the throat of a person, it can detect the vibrations and make sounds using electrical signals.（如果我把一个石墨烯制成的装置放进一个人的喉咙里，它可以检测振动并利用电信号发出声音）”可知，artifical throat这个device(装置)是通过检测振动，然后发出声音。D选项符合题意。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“But the speaking impaired people need to classify their own language sounds in groups and memorize them, just like typing keys on a keyboard（但是说话有障碍的人需要将自己的语言声音分组并记忆，就像在键盘上打字一样）”可知，说话有障碍的人们想要用这个设备的话，需要将语言声音进行分组并记忆。C选项“Memorize their sound groups（记住它们的声音组合）”符合题意。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段“graphene is the thinnest material known to humans – and also the strongest（石墨烯是人类已知的最薄的材料，也是最强的材料）”可知，石墨烯是迄今为止最薄的，但是强度最高的材料。B选项It is the thinnest and strongest material ever found.（它是迄今为止最薄的以及强度最高的材料）符合题意。 故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Tao Luqi，a research fellow at Chongqing University，used a material called graphene（陶璐琦是重庆大学的研究员，他使用了一种叫做石墨烯的材料）”以及第四段“Although the speaking impaired people can’t speak， their throats can vibrate (虽然说话障碍的人不会说话，但他们的喉咙会振动)”以及“If I put a device made of graphene into the throat of a person, it can detect the vibrations and make sounds using electrical signals.（如果我把一个石墨烯制成的装置放进一个人的喉咙里，它可以检测振动并利用电信号发出声音）” 一直到最后一段“It’s a brand-new science, and China is trying to take the lead,” said Neill Ricketts, chief executive at Versarien, a UK-based advanced material company.(英国先进材料公司Versarien首席执行官尼尔•里克茨说：“这是一门全新的科学，中国正试图领先。”)” 可知这几段主要讲述了石墨烯在中国的潜在广泛应用。故选A项。

安徽省亳州市2021-2020学年高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题
The right paint can add appeal to your walls and now it can also make them smarter. Researchers recently transformed a wall into an outsize trackpad and motion sensor by using low-cost conductive paint to create a large grid of electrodes（电极）.
Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance. It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on. The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room, track a player's motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child's television use. "Walls are everywhere, so why not turn them into sensors for smart homes?" says Yang Zhang, a computer science doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University. who helped to develop the concept.
To create the high-tech surface, Zhang and his colleagues applied painter's tape in a lattice（格子结构）pattern to a twelve-by-eight-foot wall, and then coated it with commercially available conductive paint. Removing the tape left a pattern of diamond-shaped electrodes, which the researchers connected using thin copper tape strips. Finally, they wired the strips to a custom-built circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex（胶乳） paint. The entire project took four hours and cot less than $200. In theory, Zhang says "Anyone can use the technique to make a wall smart. "
In the wall's appliance-detection mode, the power is turned off. The researchers detected iPads up to 6. 5 feet away from the wall; fans and floor lamps could be sensed from about 10 feet. Zhang and his colleagues presented the wall in April at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
"Engineers have long dreamed of technologies that blend into our surroundings, "says Christiar Holz, a research scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond, who did not participate in the work. "It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects."
12. What can a smart wall do now according to the passage?
A. Detect people' locations. B. Turn on lights automatically.
C. Track humans' movements at close range. D. Monitor a person's television use.
13. What can we learn about the smart wall?
A. It is easy to build. B. It benefits people in many ways.
C. 1t is cheap but tine-consuming. D. It adds appeal to the buildings.
14. What materials are required to create the high-tech surface?
A. Painter's tape and standard latex paint.
B. A lattice pattern and conductive paint.
C. A custom-built circuit board and iPads.
D. Diamond-shaped electrodes and copper tape strips.
15. What is Christian Holz's attitude towards this new invention?
A. Neutral. B. Negative.
C. Positive. D. Unknown.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了智能墙壁的用处、安装过程及相关实验。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.”（这样的智能墙可以感知人类的触摸，并从短距离追踪手势。）可知，智能墙能感应人类的触摸，并在很短的距离内跟踪手势。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on.The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room, track a player's motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child's television use.”（这样的智能墙可以感知人类的触摸，并从短距离追踪手势。它还可以检测电气设备的位置以及是否开启。有朝一日，当人们进入房间时，这项技术就会打开灯，在交互式视频游戏中跟踪玩家的动作，或者监控儿童电视使用情况。）可知，智能墙在很多方面使人受益。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“To create the high-tech surface, Zhang and his colleagues applied painter's tape in a lattice pattern to a twelve-by-eight-foot wall, and then coated it with commercially available conductive paint. ”（为了创造出这种高科技的表面，张和他的同事们将油漆工用的胶带以格子图案的形式贴在一面12乘8英尺的墙上，然后在墙上涂上商用的导电涂料。）及“Finally, they wired the strips to a custom-built circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex paint. ”（最后，他们把这些胶条连接到一个定制的电路板上，并在墙上涂上标准的乳胶漆。）可知，建造高科技表面需要用到油漆工胶带和标准乳胶漆。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Christiar Holz说的话“It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”（它很好地质疑了我们对设备的理解，并展示了传感技术可以如何丰富应用于日常物品。）可知，Christian Holz认为智能墙的发明让我们对设备概念有了新的理解，且此发明还能带来丰富的应用，因此，他对于该发明持有积极态度。故选C项。