专题03（阅读理解之说明文）2022届新高考英语（二模专辑）

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2022届新高考英语【新题快递】（二模专辑）
专题03（阅读理解之说明文） 原卷版

江苏连云港市2022届高三第二次调研考试
Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only burns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.
In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres (端粒)of chromosomes(染色体)in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.
Their findings follow a review and analysis of 15 studies on walking involving almost 50,000 people that was published this week. Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improves health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.
Walking has also recently been shown to strengthen the blood flow to the brain. In one of the largest studies, researchers revealed that 20 minutes of quick walking most days from middle age onwards will lower the risk of dementia (痴呆). Professor Edward Zamrini says, “The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease by simply increasing your activity is very promising.”
Even in people with some existing age-related memory damage, walking can work wonders, as a year-long study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed. “Walking is by far the best medicine we have for a healthy life,”says Yates.
28. What did Thomas Yates' study find about fast walking?
A. It causes a damaging effect on the body.
B. It slows down the process of cell ageing.
C. It increases the number of chromosomes.
D. It shortens middle-aged adults' telomeres.
29. What does the underlined word “buffer” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Something shortening telomeres.
B. Something speeding up cell ageing.
C. Something counting the walking pace.
D. Something helping protect from harm.
30. What did Amanda Paluch consider when doing research?
A. Body shape. B. Age group.
C. Occupation type. D. Sample size.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. How daily walking helps burn fat
B. Why walking is the best midlife exercise
C. How many daily steps are better for adults
D. Whether walking reduces the risk of dementia

广东省佛山市2022届高三4月教学质量检测（二）
It is something one half of the population has long suspected and the other half always vocally denied– women really do talk more than men. In fact, women talk almost three times as much as men, with the average woman chalking up 20,000 words in a day – 13,000 more than the average man.
Women also speak more quickly, devote more brainpower to chit-chat, and actually enjoy hearing their own voices, a new book suggests. The book – written by a female psychiatrist, Dr. Luan Brizendine – says that inherent (生来就有) differences between the male and female brain explain why women are naturally more talkative than men.
In The Female Mind, Brizendine says the differences can be traced back to the womb (子宫), where the sex hormone (激素) called testosterone moulds the developing male brain. The areas responsible for communication, emotion and memory are all reduced before a baby boy is born.
The result is that boys – and men – chat less than their female peers and struggle to express their emotions to the same extent. “Women have an eight-lane superhighway for processing emotion, while men have a small country road,” said Brizendine.
There are, however, advantages of being the strong, silent type. Brizendine explains in her book that testosterone also reduces the size of the section of the brain involved in hearing – allowing men to become “deaf” to the most logical arguments put forward by their wives and girlfriends.
Other scientists, however, say many of the differences between the male and female personality can be explained by social conditioning, with a child’s upbringing greatly influencing their character.
Deborah Cameron, an Oxford University linguistics professor with a special interest in language and gender, said the amount we talk is influenced by who we are with and what we are doing. “If you look through a large number of studies you will find there is little difference between the amount men and women talk,” she added.
8. Which claim does the book The Female Mind probably support?
A. Women enjoy arguing.
B. Women are born talkative.
C. Women are great public speakers.
D. Women take pride in their talents.
9. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moulds” in Paragraph 3?
A. Influences. B. Stimulates. C. Enlarges. D. Harms.
10. How are men affected by testosterone according to Dr. Brizendine?
A. They have a small size of brain.
B. They are not so logical in talking.
C. They are usually less communicative.
D. They are unwilling to listen to females.
11. What message does Cameron carry in the last paragraph?
A. Further studies need to be carried out.
B. Gender seldom affects one’s talking style.
C. The amount we talk shapes our character.
D. Men talk as much as women on the whole.


2022届山东省枣庄市高考二模试题
Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream, as described in A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke, is now becoming a reality.
Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in the future. After the first man landed on the moon, they thought that hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered the possibility that, in the 21st century, families might go for a holiday on the moon. Neither of these predictions have come true yet-but the rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible in the years to come.
Space Adventures is currently the only company to have succeeded in sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Federal Space Agency of Russia and Rocket and Space Corporation Energia to provide flights for the world’s first private space explorers. Each paid over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
Following successful explorations into space, other companies are now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make it affordable, suborbital space travel is being considered by some companies, like Virgin Galactic. Passengers would be transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above earth, experience 3—6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before back to earth. This is expected to cost around $200, 000 per person.
Whilst it could be an enriching experience, there are some disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The ozone layer would be damaged further and the polar regions would suffer. In addition, space travel is only really affordable for the super-rich, though Virgin Galactic claims to be ‘opening space to the rest of us’.
8. What do you know about space tourism?
A. It is nothing but a dream. B. It’s only in some fairy tales.
C. It’s a sightseeing tour in space. D. It’s a scientific expedition.
9. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The future life on the moon. B. Landing on the moon in 1969.
C. Predictions about trips to the moon. D. The history of the moon exploration.
10. Why is suborbital space travel considered possible?
A. It’s cheaper. B. It’s safer. C. It’s greener. D. It’s convenient.
11. What is some critics’ major concern about space tourism?
A. Its safety. B. Environmental effect.
C. Social equality. D. Its expense.

泉州市2022届高中毕业班质量监测（二）
“If you ask anybody who goes to Walt Disney World,‘Who is Joe Potter?’... They won't know much about him,” said Disney author and historian Christopher Lucas. “Without him, there’d be no Disney World.”
General William Joe Potter was the force that turned a swampy (沼泽的) Florida wetland into the Magic Kingdom. Potter was the architect of Disney World’s government, the mastermind behind the hidden tunnel system at the park and the reason why Disney has no mosquito problem today, Lucas said.
In his early 60s, the graying retired U.S.Army general led the massive construction project to get Disney's land ready to build a theme park. The water there was “a dark - brown color,” Potter recalled. His men pumped out 5 million cubic yards of the sand, added well water and cleaned the lake's bottom to turn it into a totally different one.
The general had been responsible for high - risk projects throughout his entire career before Disney World. At the Panama Canal, he served as governor in charge of business operations and the 40,000 people who lived there from 1956 to 1960.Potter’s inspiration for building the Magic Kingdom's underground tunnels came from the locks and dams(水坝)in the Panama Canal. Potter also knew about battling mosquitoes. “One of the things that he learned from the Panama canal, where people were dying of malaria(定疾),was if you let water just sit there, you're going to have a problem, ”Lucas said. Potter made sure that water was always in motion and engineered the buildings' roofs so water never piled up. What seemed impossible, building a kingdom in the swamp, was becoming a reality.
Potter wasn’t interested in taking any credit for what he did at Disney World. “He clearly could have been a guy who was all about himself, but he was the exact opposite,” his grandson said.
4. What did Joe Potter do for Disney World?
A. He designed the Disney World castles.
B. He prepared the wetland for a theme park.
C He promoted the business of the Kingdom.
D. He constructed the park's locks and dams.
5. What enabled Joe to battle the mosquito problem?
A. His sense of responsibility. B. His great determination.
C. His working experience. D. His architect knowledge.
6. How did Joe successfully tackle the mosquito problem?
A. By hiding the tunnel system. B. By pumping out the sand in the lake.
C. By keeping the water running. D. By repairing the buildings’roofs.
7. Which of the following best describes Joe Potter?
A. Capable and modest. B. Demanding and critical.
C. Tough and stubborn D. Disciplined and strict.

2022届山东省枣庄市高考二模试题
A carbon capturing device, called Orca, began operating in Iceland in September. The machine was invented and made by a Swiss company called Climeworks. The name comes from the Icelandic word orka which means energy.
Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone. The device is made up of four sections which look like giant air conditioners stacked together. Each section contains 12 large fans that suck air from outside into steel compartments.
Inside, the air passes through a filter (过滤器) which gathers the carbon dioxide. It is then heated to a high temperature so the carbon dioxide can be collected from the filter. Then, the carbon dioxide is mixed with water and put deep in the ground into a type of rock called basalt. Basalt causes the carbon dioxide mixture to turn into stone after two or three years.
Orca is an experimental device. It was built to demonstrate that it is possible to permanently remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It can remove 4, 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year. That’s about the same amount as the emissions produced by 850 cars in a year. In order to remove enough carbon dioxide to make a big difference to global warming, much larger devices like Orca would have to be built in many countries around the world.
Some environmental activists say governments should spend more time and money on reducing the amount of greenhouse gas we produce each year, instead of investing in carbon capture methods. But others say that, in order for countries to meet their goal of net zero emissions by 2050, they will need to do both: reduce new emissions and remove the carbon dioxide already in the air.
12. What’s the purpose of designing Orca?
A. To conserve energy.
B. To achieve zero emissions.
C. To protect natural resources.
D. To remove carbon dioxide in the air.
13. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A. Orca. B. The basalt. C. The air. D. Carbon dioxide.
14. How does Orca work?
a. Sucking the air. b. Collecting the carbon dioxide.
c. Mixing with water. d. Filtering and heating.
e. Putting into the ground.
A. a, d, b, c, e B. a, c, d, b, e C. a, d, c, b, e D. a, b, c, d, e
15. Why are some environmentalists not in favor?
A. Reducing emissions is more important.
B. It might result in new pollution.
C. The technology is not mature.
D. It doesn’t work efficiently.


湖南省雅礼十六校2022届高三第二次联考
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words,” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.
4 What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A. To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B. To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C. To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D. To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
5. How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A. Slow to understand. B. Quick to learn. C. At a loss. D. In a panic.
6. What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A. Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B. The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C. Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D. Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.
B. Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.
C. Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.
D. Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.


湖南省雅礼十六校2022届高三第二次联考
In the recent nearly four decades, private prisons in the U.S. have been widely denounced and criticized by people from all walks of life for frequent scandals. Last year, UN human rights experts urged the U.S. to “eliminate all for-profit detention facilities”, saying that “detainees should not become units for profit,” according to an article published on the website of the UN.
In the 1980s, in an effort to ease the burdens on overcrowded public prisons, the U.S. government started to contract some companies to run private prisons and pay them for services. Over the past nearly 40 years, private prisons have expanded rapidly and formed a highly profitable industry and huge lobbying groups.
According to data released by the website of The Sentencing Project, a Washington-based advocacy group, in 2019, about 116,000 prisoners were held in private prisons in the U.S., representing 8 percent of the country’s total state and federal prison population. Meanwhile, more than 30 states were in partnership with companies running private prisons.
The primary goal of private prisons is to profit from anything they deal in. There’s often a prison bed occupancy guarantee clause in the contracts between U.S. federal, state, and local governments and private prison operators, which stipulates that the government should guarantee a certain occupancy rate in prison beds; and if failing to reach the rate, it will need to pay compensations to private prison operators.
A study conducted by the Washington State University found that private prisons lead to an average increase of 178 new prisoners per million population per year and longer sentences, especially in nonviolent crimes that have more leeway in sentencing guidelines, according to the study.
Private prison operators have made big gains from inmate services. According to reports of U.S. media, in 2020, CoreCivic generated $1.9 billion in revenue, 82.2 percent of which came from its private prison operations. In the same year, the revenue of the GEO group reached $2.3 billion.
Most private prisons in the U.S. are ill-equipped. They usually build their facilities to minimum standards required by contracts with governments, in a bid to reduce operating costs. Besides, private prisons are often understaffed and correctional officers there are of varying quality. Furthermore, some private prisons connive in gangsters and bullies “maintaining” order in prisons.
Private prisons in the U.S. have turned prisoners into modern-day slaves. Inmates in private prisons are forced into high-intensity and long hours of work but are paid far less than the statutory minimum hourly wage in the country. Their basic human rights are hardly guaranteed.
American journalist Shane Bauer had been undercover as a prison guard at a private prison in Winnfield, Louisiana. He exposed chaotic phenomena in the prison, including forced labor, exploitation, violence, maltreatment, and corruption.
“A terrifying look into one of America’s darkest and deepest ongoing embarrassments,” commented well-known U.S. literary website Literary Hub on the book.
8. The initial purpose to set up private prisons was to________.
A. Provide the prisoners with worse condition to make them realize their fault.
B. Improve the congested situation in state-owned prisons.
C. Create huge profit for prison operating companies.
D. Respond to the request of UN human rights experts.
9. What is the purpose of Paragraph 4?
A. To illustrate the dark side of private prisons.
B. To criticize the injustice in American judiciary.
C. To explain how this system go evil.
D. To stress the inequality inside the prison.
10. The underlined word in Paragraph 8 probably means_______.
A. Legal
B. Appropriate
C Theoretical
D. Required
11. We can learn from the passage that______.
A. Most of the prisoners are now locked up in private prisons.
B. The equipment in the private prisons failed to meet the federal standard.
C. The mafia-style governance exists in some private prisons.
D. Shane Bauer conveyed his regret for the US directly in his book.


2022届陕西省宝鸡市高考模拟二
A 27-year-old inventor, Joco Paulo Lammoglia, has come up with a new device named the AIRE mask, which is capable of converting the wind energy provided by the wearer’s breath into electrical energy. This means breathing has become a source of renewable energy. The inspiration for the invention came from his watching children blowing on pinwheels(玩具风车).
The device is worn like a mask equipped with tiny wind turbines(涡轮机) and it can work its magic even while people are sleeping, jogging or hanging around, since energy is created from one’s breath. The principle of this AIRE mask is simple. The invention uses the wind flow created by breathing and changes it into energy that can charge mobile phones and iPods. Simply put this mask connected to your mobile phone on your face. The rest takes place naturally through your breath that provides power to run turbines which produce electricity.
Lammoglia explained how useful he hopes the AIRE will become. He said, "I hope to bring the concept into production and reduce the carbon footprint. It can be used indoors or outdoors, while you’re sleeping, walking, running or even reading books. "Apart from saving energy and contributing to the environmental protection, it also encourages the practice of physical exercise. This is an entirely all-time renewable energy source. Its energy is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Lammoglia explained why he thought the AIRE was so useful, saying, "Though many of our modern devices offer benefits, they tend to consume a high amount of electrical energy. This may cause environmental problems, especially if the energy used by these devices is obtained from non-renewable energy sources.
The AIRE mask will be the future cheaper energy source of charging mobile phones. It would save energy and allow people to never have to worry about their phone dying unless they stop breathing.
12. The underlined word “converting” (Para. 1 ) is closest in meaning to __________.
A. charging B. convincing C. exchanging D. transforming
13. Lammoglia would most probably agree that the AIRE mask _________.
A. consumes a high amount of energy
B. will account for environmental damage
C. is a good solution to energy issues
D. is available in the shop now
14. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. An electronic mask
B. A breath-powered device
C. A new renewable energy source
D. An air-purifying device
15. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Education B. Health
C. Science D. Entertainment


2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试
Endangered polar bears are breeding （繁殖） with grizzly bears （灰熊）, creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.
As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids （杂交种）.
With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren't better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources, ” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.
The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears' decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears' ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears' highly specialized diets.
“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming, ” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival. ” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.
“We're having massive impacts with climate change on species, ” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends. ”
28. Why do polar bears move further south?
A. To create hybrids. B. To expand territory.
C. To relieve hunger. D. To contact grizzlies.
29. What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents?
A. Broader habitats. B. More food options.
C. Climate preference. D. Improved breeding ability.
30. What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A rare chance. B. A critical stage.
C. A positive factor. D. A constant change.
31. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.
B. Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.
C. “Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.
D. “Pizzly”bears have replaced polar bears for global warming.


2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试
The rechargeable lithium-ion （锂离子） battery market is worth more than ＄50 billion. Lithium-ion batteries, whose demand continues to go up day by day, are used in a wide range of electronic devices. They are made of four main components, and cathode （阴极） is one of them. The cathode's active material type is what determines the capacity of a battery.
A recent study, led by Wang Yan, a material scientist of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, finds that lithium-ion batteries made with recycled cathodes work better than those with new cathodes.
“The battery industry is expected to grow sharply in the next decade. This high demand has led companies to go to extremes, like increasing deep-sea mining, to gain access to the minerals used in lithium-ion batteries, ” Wang said. “Mining minerals will have environmental impacts. Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries offers a way out. ”
But until now, the prospect of using recycled materials in lithium-ion batteries has some manufacturers （制造商） worrying that it could impact performance. Thus, lithium-ion batteries are still not widely recycled. Aware of decreasing resources and environmental impact, Wang and other researchers set out to find a way to make recycling lithium-ion batteries economically practical. Through experiments, they could recover more than 90% of the key metals from spent batteries. These recovered metals became the basis of the new recycled battery's cathode's active material.
In tests between Wang's team's recycled batteries and brand-new batteries of the same composition, the recycled batteries outperform the new ones in their ability to maintain capacity. It took 11, 600 charge cycles for recycled cathode batteries to lose 30 percent of their original capacity. That was about 50 percent better than the 7, 600 observed cycles for new cathode batteries, the team reported. Those thousands of extra cycles could translate into years of better battery performance, even after repeated use and recharging.
32. What can we learn about lithium-ion batteries from the first paragraph?
A. They are high in price.
B. They are in great demand.
C. They are limited in use.
D. They are simple in composition.
33. What does Wang mainly talk about in paragraph 3?
A. The target users of recycled batteries.
B. The ways to get minerals for batteries.
C. The major reasons for recycling batteries.
D. The complex process of recycling batteries.
34. What are the manufacturers concerned about?
A. Declining mineral resources.
B. Difficult recycling techniques.
C. Serious environmental problems.
D. Inefficient battery performance.
35. Which of the following details best supports the main idea of the text?
A. The battery industry is going to develop dramatically.
B. Recycling batteries reduces impact on the environment.
C. Scientists can recover key materials from spent batteries.
D. Recycled batteries outperform new ones in charging circles.


2022 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）
Feeling overloaded by your to-do list can certainly make you unhappy, but new research suggests that more free time might not be the elixir many of us dream it could be.
In a new study released last week, researchers analyzed data from two large-scale (大规模) surveys about how Americans spend their time. Together, the surveys included more than 35,000 respondents. The researchers found that people with more free time generally had higher levels of subjective well-being — but only up to a point. People who had around two hours of free time a day generally reported they felt better than those who had less time. But people who had five or
more hours of free time a day generally said they felt worse. So ultimately the free-time “sweet
spot” might be two to three hours per day, the findings suggest.
Part of finding this seemingly tricky “sweet spot” has to do with how people spend the extra time they have, the researchers behind the new study argue. They conducted several smaller online experiments. In one they asked participants to imagine having 3.5 to 7 free hours per day. They were asked to imagine spending that time doing “productive” things (like exercising) or to imagine doing “unproductive” activities ( like watching TV). Study participants believed their well-being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day — but only if they used it unproductively. Though that experiment was hypothetical, which is one limitation of the new research, it’s certainly in line with other research showing that being in a state of “flow” can be good for people’s mental health.
Of course, what feels “productive” is up to you. Many traditionally productive or purposeful activities can be easy and fun. Engaging in a bit of low-key cardio, like walking and jogging, can help burn stress. Free-time activities like reading or cooking are also known to put people in a state of flow.
21. What does the underlined word “elixir” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Magic solution.
B. Physical power.
C. Psychological test.
D. Relaxed atmosphere.
22. How did the researchers carry out the new study?
A. By doing large-scale online surveys.
B. By giving interviews and mental tests.
C. By comparing respondents’ backgrounds.
D. By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
23.what is a distinct finding of the new research?
A. Doing unproductive things leads to unhappiness.
B. Being in a state of flow benefits people’s mental health.
C. Man’s well-being is positively related to the free time they have.
D. How people spend their free time affects their sense of well-being.
24.What is the focus of the last paragraph?
A. The importance of burning stress.
B. Easy and fun activities to kill time.
C. Further explanation of being productive.
D. The benefits of engaging in free-time activities.

2022 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）
Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
32.What is the purpose of the text?
E. To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
F. To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
G. To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
H. To question whether people are technology-dependent.
33.Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye?
I. B. C. D.
34.Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal?
A. To introduce a literary work on nature.
B. To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
C. To prove that even naturalists use technology.
D. To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
35.What is the author’s attitude towards being a cyborg?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.


湖南省长沙市2021-2022学年高三二模
Generation Z athletes have emerged in 2021 as global well-being leaders and advocates challenging outdated ideas about what it takes to be an athlete. Many of these young sportspeople have gone beyond their sport. Through social media, they have opened up conversations about performance, mental health and the impact of the media.
Performing at the highest level can put huge amounts of pressure on young athletes. Simone Biles decided to put her mental health first at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics when she withdrew from an event.
The emergence of the athlete’s authentic voice during their career is new and growing. Social media has expanded and accelerated a properly authentic voice that is also more personal and openly political. These generation Z players, born into or at the top of the social media boom, can connect directly with their millions of followers on social media to share personal insights.
It is unusual for active athletes to be so transparent about their health — particularly, their mental health. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, Biles made a rare exception. She used social media to explain an attack of the “twisties” and the impact on her performance and mental health. This disrupted the narrative of victory at all costs.
By taking control of their own stories, these athletes have broken the idea that top sports stars — with their extreme athleticism, dedication and seeming invincibility — are somehow superhuman. Elite athletes carry enormous burdens of responsibility and winning doesn’t come before everything else. As Simone Biles made clear: “We are not just entertainment. We are human.”
8. What can we know from Paragraph 1?
A. Generation Z athletes have become global leaders.
B. Some athletes don’t know what it takes to be an athlete.
C. Plenty of young athletes have lost their interest in sports.
D. Many young athletes air their views via social media.
9. Why did Simone Biles withdraw from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics?
A. Mental stress. B. Poor performance. C. Mental disease. D. Young athletes.
10. What’s the author’s attitude toward Simone Biles?
A. Neutral. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
11. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. All that glitters is gold. B. Athletes should be supermen.
C. Victory isn’t everything for an athlete. D. Sports should be viewed as entertainment.


湖南省长沙市2021-2022学年高三二模
There is an "environmental silver lining" as a result of the coronavirus (冠状病毒) —carbon emissions have been reduced by more than 4%, many wildlife markets around the world have been shuttered and air quality in some places has slightly improved, Dave Ford, founder of the environmental literacy organization SoulBuffalo, says.
But thanks to an increase in pandemic-related, non-recyclable materials such as take-out plastic containers and masks, 30% more waste has entered our oceans, he notes. "There's 129 billion facemasks being made every month—enough that you could cover the entire country of Switzerland with facemasks at the end of this year if trends continue," he says. "And a lot of these masks are ending up in the water." The masks look like jellyfish—in other words, food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures, thus, attractive to those animals and then endangering them, he says.
Very little of the plastic we use is actually recyclable. Sharon Lerner of The Intercept told Here & Now last year that "the vast majority of plastic that has ever been produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or burned, but not refashioned into new products." Even if the plastics we have can be reused, Ford says recycling programs across the globe are facing drastic budget cuts.
"We're starting to see recycling programs shuttered, waste picking communities operating at 50% or actually shutting down. They are the last line of defense between plastic and the environment," he says.
Last year, Unilever planned to cut its use of non-recycled plastics in half by 2025. In an interview with Here & Now, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and development officer, drew on the industry argument that plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and therefore fewer dangerous emissions that cause climate change.
Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut down on fuel spending. But on the other hand, plastic waste is being found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean.
12. What does "environmental silver lining" in Papagraph 1 refer to?
A. An environmental organization.
B. The closure of some wildlife markets.
C. The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.
D. Benefits on environment from the coronavirus.
13. Why are facemasks appealing to some sea creatures?
A. They resemble the sea creatures' food.
B. They contain certain unique chemicals.
C. Many sea creatures like to chase plastic by nature.
D. There is a continuous shortage of food in the ocean.
14. What can we learn about the plastic waste?
A. Most of it is recycled into new products.
B. The majority of it is buried or burned.
C. 129 billion facemasks end up in the ocean.
D. There is enough budget for plastic recycling.
15. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Plastic can cut down fuel spending
B. Recycling programs are shutting down
C. The coronavirus has caused more ocean plastic
D. Solutions to ocean plastic pollution are being explored



泉州市2022届高中毕业班质量监测（二）
In the United States alone, about 30% of all food that is harvested is thrown away. Often this food is not consumed due to early spoilage(腐烂).To arrive at harvest, produce must be grown through a strict agricultural process, which requires a great deal of resources including money, labor, water, and energy.
Hazel Technologies, a Chicago - based startup that created a small drop - in packet to keep banans and other produce from turning prematurely brown, is starting to produce a lot of green. Having raised 70 million in a completed investment round, the 6 - year - old company aims to launch their products in every major agricultural economy on Earth.
Hazel works with more than 160 companies across 12 countries. Its product delivers an odorless vapor (无味的气体) in sugar - packet sized inserts called sachets. When dropped in boxes. of produce, the sachet can as much as triple (三倍) shelf life. Moreover, Hazel’s newly - funded MCP technology oan increase the produce’s resistance to ethylene - a chemical promoting growth.
In addition to growers, several grocery chains use the Hazel product and service to keep produer fresher longer. This year, Hazel projects its product and service will be used with more than 6. 3 bilion pounds of produce, preventing more than 500 million pounds from going to waste.
“The company said its profits, which tripled last year, are under market for us is very, very large, ” said Mouat, CEO of the company. He expects Hazel to be in 20 countries by 2025, with international business accounting for 75% of annual income.
“Its just a massive growing market opportunity,” said Tim Bluth, vice president at Pontifax Ag Tech, who praised the Hazel product for its ease of use and low cost. “And I think, most importantly,...it works.”
8. What is Hazel’s technology intended for?
A. Extending shelf life of food. B. Enhancing food flavor.
C. Boosting food production. D. Quickening crop growth.
9. Where can you find Hazel's technical principle?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph4. D. In paragraph 5.
10. What does Tim Bluth think of Hazel’s technology?
A. Improvable. B. Unaffordable. C. Complicated. D. Promising.
11. What is the best title for this text?
A. Hazel Hits World B. Hazel Meets Profits
C. Hazel Increases Sales D. Hazel Hates Waste


2022届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三第二次模拟考试
When we’re thirsty, we drink. It seems so simple. But the science behind that decision is amazingly complex. a Caltcch researcher reports in the journal Nature.
“There are many thirst related checkpoints throughout the body and brain, ” says Yuki Oka, the author.
One of the first checkpoints is passed when water reaches our mouth, which gives our brain a refreshing feeling. Then our brain needs to know how much water we are taking in to figure out when we should stop. It can’t wait until the water is absorbed into the bloodstream because that can take 15 minutes or more. So the body has an additional checkpoint, which is swallowing. The act of swallowing acts like a meter, which the brain monitors to quickly determine how much water is entering the body.
“Still, the brain takes a complex trust- but-confirm approach to this information and the confirming process takes a couple of minutes, ” Oka says. “Cells near the liver (肝) also send messages to the brain when we are drinking. These cells aren’t sensing the water directly. Experiments show they are responding to a chemical that ’s produced when water makes the blood less salty. In a matter of minutes, the change is translated into more sensitive chemical signal to tell the brain the exact changes. ”
The checkpoint near the liver is not the final one. There’s then going to be changes in blood pressure along the intestine (肠) which can be sensed as well, the study reports.
“All of these complex multiple checkpoints to regulate thirst can be expected, given the life-or-death nature of our dependence on water. However, it just shows how complex an apparently simple process actually works in our body. ” Oka says.
8. Where is the checkpoint that roughly measures the amount of water we drink?
A In the mouth. B. In the throat.
C. Along the intestine. D. Near the liver.
9. How many thirst-related checkpoints are mentioned?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
10. How does Yuki Oka feel about the discovery?
A. Surprised. B. Confused. C. Encouraged. D. Overjoyed.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Why Multiple Checkpoints Are Needed?
B. Where Are the Thirst- related Checkpoints?
C. Which Cell Measures the Water We Drink?
D. How Do Our Body and Brain Tell Us to Drink?

宁夏石嘴山市2022届高三适应性测试二
Thanks to the hard work of companies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin, space tourism is well on its way to becoming a reality. Now, California-based Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC) provides a chance for space visitors to extend their “out-of-the-world” experience by checking into a luxurious hotel in low Earth orbit.
The 650-foot-wide Ferris-wheel-like (像摩天轮) Voyager Space Station (VSS) will comprise two rings. The inner circle will be fitted with spacecraft stations for guests. The outer ring will house the rooms, restaurants, bars, gyms, and scientific research labs. The solar-powered hotel will spin at speed high enough to create artificial gravity, ensuring people a comfortable stay. When completed, it will have room for up to 400 people. OAC hopes to attract not just tourists but also scientists, astronauts on long-distance missions, and even some semi-permanent residents.
While the idea is interesting, making VSS a reality will take time. The team is currently building modules (组件) for a smaller prototype (样机) ring. The modules will be put together in zero-gravity using semi-automatic robotic tools made for the purpose. Once completed, OAC engineers will attempt to create artificial gravity similar to what Mars has—about 40 percent that of Earth.
Even if the prototype is wildly successful, transporting the VSS modules to space will cost tens of billions of dollars. However, OAC, which expects to charge $ 5 million per person for each 3-day stay, is confident they will get back the expenses. Though the cost may seem too high, it is low compared to the $ 55 million it costs to stay on the VSS.
Besides, guests at the Voyager Space Station will be living in the utmost luxury. “You’re going to have the top chefs making really, really good food,” Orbital CEO John Blincow told the Washington Post. “And when you pay $ 5 million to go someplace, it’s not going to be burgers and fries. We want to have Sting come up and play, and Beyonce. There’ll be two shows every night. That’s part of the entertainment package.”
8. What's the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To present a phenomenon. B. To give background information.
C. To contradict an argument. D. To function as a brief introduction.
9. What can we learn about the hotel of VSS?
A. The hotel is intended for rich tourists only.
B. The first guests will live 3 days in it for free.
C. Guests of the hotel will enjoy excellent service.
D. OAC can hardly make enough money to cover the costs.
10. What will the OAC engineers create for the prototype ring?
A. A secure environment. B. Gravity similar to that of Mars.
C. Some robotic tools. D. A scientific lab.
11. Which column is the text most likely from?
A. Science. B. Travel.
C. Health. D. Education.


山西晋城市2022年高三第二次模拟考试
Whether it’s a cup of coffee, a cup of hot tea, or a bottle of soda, consuming caffeine (咖啡因) is a good choice for millions who want to wake up or stay up. Now, researchers at Johns Hopkins University have found its another use: improving our memory.
“We’ve always known that caffeine has effects on raising cognitive (认知的) abilities, but its particular effect on strengthening memory has never been proved,” said Michael Yassa, one of the scientists of the research team.
The researchers conducted a double-blind trial in which participants who did not regularly eat or drink products consisting of caffeine received either a placebo (安慰剂) or a caffeine pill five minutes after studying a series of pictures. The next day, both groups were tested on their ability to recognize pictures from the previous day’s study session. On the test, some of the pictures were the same as those from the day before, and some were new additions which were similar but not the same.
More members of the caffeine group were able to correctly identify the new pictures as “similar” to previously viewed pictures rather than mistakenly see them as the same. The brain’s ability to recognize the difference between two similar but not the same items reflected better memory, the researchers said.
“If we used a standard recognition memory task without these similar items, we would have found no effect of caffeine,” Yassa said. “However, using these items requires the brain to make a more difficult discrimination — what we call pattern separation, which seems to be the process that is improved by caffeine in our case.”
“Almost all the previous studies distributed caffeine before the study session, so if there is an improvement, it’s not clear whether it’s due to caffeine’s effects on attention, focus, or other factors,” Yassa said. “By offering caffeine after the study session, we rule out all of these effects and make sure that if there is an improvement, it's due to memory and nothing else.”
8. Which paragraph mainly tells the process of the experiment in detail？
A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 5.
9. Why did the researchers use similar pictures？
A. To measure participants’ attention. B. To test participants’ ability to learn.
C. To add the difficulty of discrimination. D. To further explain pattern separation.
10. How is this experiment different from the previous ones？
A. Participants had few coffee drinking experiences. B. Participants were forced to drink stronger coffee.
C. Participants studied the pictures after a long break. D. Participants took in caffeine after studying the pictures.
11. The purpose of the experiment is to prove caffeine ________．
A. helps people stay energetic B. strengthens learning ability
C. does harm to cognitive abilities D. has a positive effect on memory


山西晋城市2022年高三第二次模拟考试
As global climate change becomes more serious, growing crops will be a major challenge. Massive heat waves and droughts (干旱) are already doing harm to farmers: Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535, 000 acres of farming land as a result of the shortage of water supplies.
Jennifer Brophy wants to help solve that problem. She’s an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, and works on methods that she hopes will be used to change crop species so that they can survive severe conditions. At present, Brophy is developing new genetic(基因的) engineering techniques that can help crops survive droughts.
In order to promote plants to respond to extreme climate, Brophy is building what she calls “genetic circuits”. Besides changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are activated. If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein (蛋白质); if it senses another signal, it’ll express a different protein, kicking off an entirely separate chain of events. If both signals are there, the plant may be able to express something else entirely. “Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these different inputs,” she says.
“Normally, a plant doesn’t necessarily know what’s coming. It just knows if it’s hot or temperate right now,” says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes unstable: A plant that usually flowers in spring may flower in winter if there’re a few unseasonably warm days. When temperatures fall quickly again, the flowers die and ruin a year of crops. “It’d be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, ‘Hey, you should wait on that flowering, ’” she adds.
Controlling plants’ growth at this level is exciting, but actually putting it into practice is not an easy task. At the moment, Brophy is testing the method in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis. She’s still in the process of figuring out how to activate certain genes on command.
12. Why is California’s San Joaquin Valley mentioned?
A. To prove the significance of growing more crops.
B. To point out the barrier to increasing water supplies.
C To show the harmful effect of climate change on farming.
D. To tell the root cause of more severe global climate change.
13. What is the expected function of genetic circuits?
A. Creating warmer living conditions. B. Increasing plants’ exposure to nature.
C. Controlling plants’ growth on demand. D. Monitoring the protein in the plants.
14. What does the text say about Jennifer Brophy’s research？
A. It still has a long way to go. B. It is actually an easy task.
C. It has proved successful. D. It turns out meaningless.
15. What is the text mainly about？
A. A victorious battle against global warming. B. A way to help crops survive climate change.
C. A scientific breakthrough in bioengineering. D. A new type of crops resistant to heat waves.


2022年甘肃省第二次高考诊断考试
Going to sleep at a certain time is associated with a lower risk of developing heart disease, according to researchers. In a study published in the European Heart Journal, a team found that going to sleep between 10.00pm and 11.00pm was beneficial compared to earlier or later bedtimes. The research included 88,026 participants in the UK.
An analysis found that sleep onset time of 10.00pm to 10.59pm was associated with the lowest incidence of heart disease. There was a 25% higher risk of heart disease with sleep onset at midnight or later, a 12% greater risk for 11.00pm to 11.59pm and a 24% higher risk for falling asleep before 10.00pm compared to sleep onset from 10.00pm to 10.59pm.
"The body has a 24-hour internal clock that helps adjust physical and mental functioning.” Study author David of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “While we cannot conclude from our study, the results suggest that early or late bedtimes may be more likely to destroy the body clock.” “While the findings do not show conclusion, sleep timing has appeared as a potential heart disease risk factor-independent of other risk factors. If our findings are proved in other studies, sleep timing and basic sleep health could be a low-cost public health target for lowering risk of heart disease. “David added.
8. Which is the best time for sleep?
A. 8.40pm. B. 9.50pm. C. 10.45pm. D. 11.10pm.
9. How is Paragraph 2 organized?
A. By giving some data. B. By raising a question.
C. By giving an example. D. By following the time order.
10. What can be inferred from David’s words?
A. Sleep too early will surely cause heart disease.
B. Sleep timing is a possible heart disease risk factor.
C. Sleep timing is a risk factor related with other factors.
D. Sleeping before eight will not damage your body clock.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Body Clock Makes a Difference to Sleep
B. Sleeping Late is not Harmful to Heart Health
C. Sleep Timing Has an Effect on Heart Disease
D. Earlier Bedtime is More Beneficial than Later One