时事热点 专题02 航天航空（第2期）-备战2022年高考英语热点时文阅读理解专项训练

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时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解（2期）
专题02 航天航空
Passage 1
Some 117 years after the Wright brothers made the first powered flight on Earth,NASA has repeated the accomplishment on another planet.
Carried to Mars in the belly of the Perseverance rover, the Ingenuity helicopter lifted off last week from the surface of the Red Planet to an altitude of about 10 feet, hovered for some 30 seconds, turned 96 degrees, and then gently landed. Six days later, on May 3, the drone flew the length of a football field, hitting a top speed of 4.5 mph. That 1 minute 20 second flight was an incredible technical achievement, reports The New York Times.
The red planet has significant gravity, about one-third that of the Earth’s. The Martian atmosphere is less than 1 percent as dense as Earth’s, so there is virtually no air for a helicopter’s rotor blades to push against and generate lift. During Martian daytime, the planet’s surface receives only about half the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth during its daytime, and nighttime temperatures can drop as low as minus 90 degrees Celsius, which can freeze and crack unprotected electrical components. To enable Ingenuity to fly, NASA made the $85 million craft exceptionally light－it weighs 4 pounds－and fitted its body of tissue-box size with two 4-foot-wide carbon-fiber rotor blades. They spin five times faster than those of a conventional helicopter. To survive the freezing Martian nights, it must have enough energy to power internal heaters.
Ingenuity will make two more test flights before scientists focus on Perseverance’s primary mission: searching for signs of past microbial life in ancient Martian lake beds. NASA hopes to send more-sophisticated drones to Mars that will be able to carry scientific instruments and reach and study areas inaccessible to wheeled rovers. “What the Ingenuity team has done is to give us the third dimension,” says Michael Watkins, director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “They freed us from the surface now and forever in planetary exploration.”
1．What can we learn about the Ingenuity helicopter from the passage?
A．It hovered for 30 seconds in May.
B．It lifted off from the surface of the Earth.
C．It has been damaged by the low temperature on Mars.
D．It hit a top speed of 4.5 mph during the second flight.
2．Why is the flight of the Ingenuity helicopter an incredible technical achievement?
A．Because flying on Mars is far more difficult than that on Earth.
B．Because it helped NASA send another 2 drones to explore Mars.
C．Because it is the first time that a drone has landed on Mars.
D．Because the drone will make two more test flights.
3．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Helicopters. B．Temperatures. C．Blades. D．Heaters.
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To promote a new leading-edge technology.
B．To inform us of a recent progress in technology.
C．To evaluate the performance of the drone on Mars.
D．To analyze the data collected during the exploration.

【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了美国宇航局发射的“智慧”号直升机在火星上取得令人难以置信的技术成就。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Six days later, on May 3, the drone flew the length of a football field, hitting a top speed of 4.5 mph.”（六天后，也就是5月3日，这架无人机飞越了一个足球场，最高时速达到了4.5英里。）可知，“智慧”号直升机在第二次飞行中它的最高时速达到了4.5英里每小时。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The red planet has significant gravity, about one-third that of the Earth’s. The Martian atmosphere is less than 1 percent as dense as Earth’s, so there is virtually no air for a helicopter’s rotor blades to push against and generate lift. During Martian daytime, the planet’s surface receives only about half the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth during its daytime, and nighttime temperatures can drop as low as minus 90 degrees Celsius, which can freeze and crack unprotected electrical components.”（这颗红色行星的引力很大，约为地球引力的三分之一。火星大气的密度不到地球的1%，因此几乎没有空气可供直升机的旋翼桨叶推动并产生升力。在火星的白天，地球表面接收到的太阳能只有白天到达地球的一半左右，夜间温度可以降到零下90摄氏度，这可能会冻结和损坏未受保护的电气部件。）可知，“智慧”号直升机的飞行之所以是一项令人难以置信的技术成就是因为在火星上飞行比在地球上要困难得多。故选A项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To enable Ingenuity to fly, NASA made the $85 million craft exceptionally light－it weighs 4 pounds－and fitted its body of tissue-box size with two 4-foot-wide carbon-fiber rotor blades.”（为了让“智慧”号飞行，美国宇航局制造了价值8500万美元、重量4磅的超轻飞行器，并在纸巾盒大小的机身上安装了两个4英尺宽的碳纤维旋翼叶片）可知，叶片的旋转速度是常规直升机的五倍。故划线词的意思是“叶片”，故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Some 117 years after the Wright brothers made the first powered flight on Earth,NASA has repeated the accomplishment on another planet.” （莱特兄弟在地球上进行第一次动力飞行大约117年后，美国宇航局在另一颗行星上重复了这一成就。）；再根据第二段“That 1 minute 20 second flight was an incredible technical achievement, reports The New York Times.” 据《纽约时报》报道，1分20秒的飞行是一项令人难以置信的技术成就。由此判断出短文的目的是告诉我们最近的科技进步。故选B项。
Passage 2
NASA’s Opportunity rover has reached the end of its life. Initially designed to last 90 days, and to travel only 1,000 meters, Opportunity in fact spent almost 15 years exploring the surface of Mars. During that time, it traveled more than 45 kilometers beyond expectation.
The last signal from Opportunity was on June 10th, 2018, when a severe global dust storm enveloped Mars. Since then, NASA has spent eight months trying to regain communication with the rover, but had no result. On Tuesday February 12th, 2019, NASA made one final attempt to wake Opportunity up, but it was unsuccessful.
Before Opportunity was sent into space the Mars Global Surveyor spotted what looked like sedimentary rocks(沉积岩)from orbit in 2000. An Opportunity team member said, "On the earth, sedimentary rocks preserve the history of the surface of our planet, and within that history, the fossil record of life exists. It is reasonable to look for evidence of past life on Mars.
While the rover didn't find any actual fossils, Opportunity did provide evidence that the environment on Mars was once much better and warmer. This answered what was the major goal of the Opportunity rover. Opportunity identified sedimentary rocks which basically meant the presence of water. But not everything went smoothly for Opportunity to achieve the goal of exploration. At one point in 2005, all its six wheels were stuck in soft sand, and it took five weeks of hard work to get the rover out.
Opportunity was one of the most successful rovers ever. During its journey on Mars, Opportunity discovered “Heat Shield Rock”, a basketball-sized- meteorite which is made mostly of iron and nickel. It also gave us a massive amount of photos of Mars with which people have done some amazing things. Bodrov, a photographer, took images from Opportunity to create a 360-degree view of Victoria crater on Mars.
Although Opportunity has reached the end, the legacy that the rover produced for us will last a long time. With the technological development, perhaps the day is not so far off when brave astronauts walk on the surface of Mars.
5．What do the statistics in paragraph 1 mainly show?
A．Opportunity's journey on Mars came to an end.
B．Opportunity was overused for more than a decade.
C．Opportunity's performance was better than expected.
D．Opportunity explored Mars within the assigned time.
6．What made Opportunity lose communication with NASA at last?
A．A meteorite. B．A dust storm. C．The soft sand. D．The broken wheels.
7．Why was Opportunity sent to Mars?
A．To explore the environment on Mars.
B．To discover the climate conditions on Mars.
C．To survey the history of the surface of Mars.
D．To find differences between rocks on earth and on Mars.
8．What is the main purpose of paragraph 5?
A．To illustrate what contributions Opportunity made.
B．To demonstrate how Opportunity worked on Mars.
C．To introduce how “Heat shield Rock” was discovered.
D．To explain what images Bodrov took from Opportunity.

【答案】
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星漫游者“机遇号”结束了它的使命，最终与NASA中断了联系。还介绍了“机遇号”被送往火星的目的以及所做出的贡献。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Initially designed to last 90 days, and to travel only 1,000 meters, Opportunity in fact spent almost 15 years exploring the surface of Mars. During that time, it traveled more than 45 kilometers beyond expectation.(“机遇号”最初的设计寿命为90天，行程仅为1000米，但实际上它花了近15年的时间探索火星表面。在此期间，它超出预期飞行了45公里)”可推知，第一段的统计数据主要说明了机遇号的表现比预期的好。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The last signal from Opportunity was on June 10th, 2018, when a severe global dust storm enveloped Mars.(机遇号最后一次发出信号是在2018年6月10日，当时一场严重的全球尘暴笼罩着火星)”可知，造成机遇号与NASA中断联系的是一场严重的全球性的沙尘暴。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While the rover didn't find any actual fossils, Opportunity did provide evidence that the environment on Mars was once much better and warmer. This answered what was the major goal of the Opportunity rover.(虽然“机遇号”没有发现任何真正的化石，但它确实提供了火星上的环境曾经更好、更温暖的证据。这回答了机遇号探测器的主要目标)”可知，机遇号被送往火星是为了探索火星上的环境。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段“Opportunity was one of the most successful rovers ever. During its journey on Mars, Opportunity discovered “Heat Shield Rock”, a basketball-sized- meteorite which is made mostly of iron and nickel. It also gave us a massive amount of photos of Mars with which people have done some amazing things. Bodrov, a photographer, took images from Opportunity to create a 360-degree view of Victoria crater on Mars.(机遇号是有史以来最成功的漫游者之一。在火星之旅中，机遇号发现了“热盾岩石”，这是一块篮球大小的陨石，主要由铁和镍组成。 它也给了我们大量的火星照片，人们用这些照片做了一些令人惊叹的事情。Bodrov是一名摄影师，他从“机遇号”上拍摄了一张360度的维多利亚陨石坑照片)”可知，第五段的主要目的是表明机遇号做的贡献。故选A。
Passage 3
NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars, in the first test of a heavier-than-air aircraft on another planet. The Mars Helicopter will be launched in 2021 together with the US space agency’s Mars rover（探测车）.
Its design team spent more than four years reducing a working helicopter to “the size of a softball” and cutting its weight to 1.8kg. It is specifically designed to fly in the atmosphere of Mars, which is 100 times thinner than Earth's.
Scientists of the former Soviet Union dropped two balloons into the atmosphere of Venus in the 1980s. No aircraft has ever taken off from the surface of another planet.
“The idea of a helicopter flying the skies of another planet is thrilling,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. “The Mars Helicopter holds much promise for our future science, discovery, and exploration missions to Mars.”
While the tiny craft is being called a helicopter, there will be no pilot. It will be flying almost 55 million km from Earth, too far away to send a remote control signal.
“Earth will be several light years away, so there is no way to control this mission in real time,” said Mimi Aung, the project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Instead, the helicopter will “fly the mission on its own.”
The JPL team made the helicopter as strong as possible to give it the best chance of surviving. “The altitude record for a helicopter flying here on Earth is about 40,000 feet,” Ms Aung said. “When our helicopter is on the surface of Mars, it’s already at the Earth equal height of 100,000 feet up.”
That is part of the reason why NASA is calling the Mars Helicopter a “high risk” project.
“If it does not work, the Mars 2021 mission will not be impacted. If it does work, helicopters may have a real future as low-flying aerial（空中的）vehicles to access locations not reachable by ground travel,” NASA said.
The Mars 2021 rover, accompanied by its helicopter companion, is due to launch in July of that year and arrive on the red planet in February 2022.
9．What was the design team's main job during the past few years?
A．Making the helicopter safe fora pilot. B．Making the helicopter fly fast enough.
C．Making the helicopter fly to another planet D．Making the helicopter quite small and light.
10．What’s special about the helicopter?
A．It will carry a Mars rover. B．It can be controlled remotely on Earth.
C．It will take off from the surface of Mars. D．It can fly at an altitude of 140,000 feet up on Mars.
11．What might NASA think of the helicopter?
A．It will be ready in 2022. B．It is a worthwhile project.
C．It will achieve great success. D．It has affected the Mars 2021 mission.
12．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To analyze the possibility of settling on Mars.
B．To encourage people to explore other planets.
C．To report a new development in space exploration.
D．To stress the importance of NASA’s role in space exploration.

【答案】
9．D 10．C 11．B 12．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在太空探索方面的一个新的发展：美国宇航局将于2021年7月向火星发射一架直升机和火星2021巡航器，并于2022年2月抵达火星。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Its design team spent more than four years reducing a working helicopter to “the size of a softball” and cutting its weight to 1.8kg. ”（该公司的设计团队花了4年多的时间，将一架能正常工作的直升机缩小至 “垒球大小” ，并将其重量削减至1.8公斤。）可知，该设计团队在过去几年主要的工作是使直升机的尺寸更小，重量更轻。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It is specifically designed to fly in the atmosphere of Mars, which is 100 times thinner than Earth's.”（它是专门设计用来在火星大气层中飞行的，火星的大气层比地球的要稀薄100倍。）可知，这个直升机的特别之处是可以在火星大气层中飞行。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段““The idea of a helicopter flying the skies of another planet is thrilling,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. “The Mars Helicopter holds much promise for our future science, discovery, and exploration missions to Mars.””（“直升机在另一个星球上空飞行的想法是令人兴奋的。”美国宇航局局长 Jim Bridenstine说，“火星直升机为我们未来的科学，发现和火星探索任务，带来了无限希望。”）可以推知，对于研究火星直升机的项目研究，美国航天局认为它可以为我们未来的科学，发现和火星探索任务，带来了无限希望。所以说认为是值得的。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars, in the first test of a heavier-than-air aircraft on another planet. The Mars Helicopter will be launched in 2021 together with the US space agency’s Mars rover ”（美国宇航局正在向火星发射一架直升机，这是在另一个星球上对重于空气的飞行器进行的首次测试。火星直升机将于2021年与美国航天局的火星漫游者一起发射）可推知，本文主要介绍了在太空探索方面的一个新的发展。选项C与文意相符，故选C。

Passage 4
China has launched three astronauts into orbit to begin occupation of the country’s new space station. The three men—Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo—are to spend three months aboard the Tianhe module some 380km(236 miles) above the Earth.
It will be China’s longest crewed space mission and the first in nearly five years. On Thursday, their Shenzhou-12 spacecraft successfully took off on its Long March 2F rocket. Lift-off from the Jiuquan satellite launch centre in the Gobi desert was at 09:22 Beijing time(01:22 GMT).
The launch and following mission are another evidence of China9 s growing confidence and capability in the space science. In the past six months, the country has returned rock and soil samples to Earth from the surface of the Moon, and landed a six-wheeled robot on Mars-both highly complex.
What will the crew do in space? The primary goal for Commander Nie Haisheng and his team on the Shenzhou-12 mission is to bring the 22.5-tonne Tianhe space station into service. “I have a lot of expectations,” Mr. Nie said ahead of the launch. “We need to set up our new home in space and test a series of new technologies. So, the mission is tough and challenging. I believe with the three of us working closely together, doing thorough and accurate operations, we can overcome our challenges. We have the confidence to complete the mission.”
Tianhe space station was launched in April. It is the first and core part in what will eventually be a near 70-ton space station, including living quarters, science labs and even a high-tech telescope to view the universe. The various elements and staff will be launched in the next couple of years. The construction will be accompanied by regular goods deliveries, as well as Taikonauts, conducting spacewalks outside the space station to accomplish the task.
13．According to the text, what can we know about China’s space mission?
A．The newly launched spacecraft is called Tianhe module.
B．China hasn’t sent people into space in nearly five years.
C．China has collected rock and soil samples from the Mars.
D．In the past six months China has done some simple space tasks.
14．What can we infer from the Captain Nie’s words in the fourth paragraph?
A．They have completed the task successfully.
B．The mission in space is anything but complex.
C．Much work needs doing in the next three weeks.
D．Captain Nie is optimistic and hopeful about the task.
15．What does the underline word “Taikonauts” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Precious goods. B．Crew members. C．Experiment devices. D．Robotic arms.
16．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Long Way to the Moon and the Mars
B．The Universe is Beautiful to Explore
C．China Launches the Crew to New Space Station
D．China Has Become the Major Power in Space Competition

【答案】
13．B 14．D 15．B 16．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国已经将三名宇航员送入轨道，开始使用中国新的空间站。这将是中国历时最长的载人航天任务，也是近五年来的首次。此次发射和后续任务再次证明了中国在太空科学领域的信心和能力不断增强。文章还介绍了宇航员此次的任务等。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It will be China’s longest crewed space mission and the first in nearly five years.(这将是中国历时最长的载人航天任务，也是近五年来的首次)”可知，中国在近五年内没有把人送上太空。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中““I have a lot of expectations,” Mr. Nie said ahead of the launch. “We need to set up our new home in space and test a series of new technologies. So, the mission is tough and challenging. I believe with the three of us working closely together, doing thorough and accurate operations, we can overcome our challenges. We have the confidence to complete the mission.”(“我有很多期待，”聂在发射前说。“我们需要在太空建立我们的新家，并测试一系列新技术。所以，这项任务是艰巨而富有挑战性的。我相信有我们三个紧密合作，做彻底和准确的操作，我们可以克服我们的挑战。我们有信心完成任务。”)”可推知，聂队长对这项任务充满了乐观和希望。故选D。
15．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“conducting spacewalks outside the space station to accomplish the task”可知，航天员在空间站外进行太空行走以完成任务，故画线词意思是“航天员”。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“China has launched three astronauts into orbit to begin occupation of the country’s
new space station. The three men—Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo—are to spend three months aboard the Tianhe module some 380km(236 miles) above the Earth.(中国已经将三名宇航员送入轨道，开始使用中国新的空间站。聂海胜、刘伯明和唐洪波这三名宇航员将在距离地球380公里（236英里）的天河舱中度过三个月)”结合文章主要说明了中国已经将三名宇航员送入轨道，开始使用中国新的空间站。这将是中国历时最长的载人航天任务，也是近五年来的首次。此次发射和后续任务再次证明了中国在太空科学领域的信心和能力不断增强。文章还介绍了宇航员此次的任务等。可知，C选项“中国向新空间站发射宇航员”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Passage 5
The Curiosity Detector was never fully sterilized before it landed on Mar. And there's been debate whether the rover drill might pollute certain subsurface areas thought to potentially give birth to life. But it turns out the detector may not need to drive somewhere to pollute that spot with Earth's micro-livings. Because if there are any tiny earth livings on the detector, the strong winds on Mars might be able to spread them around the Red Planet instead.
“Wind storms are very common on Mars. So you have one point of pollution, and given the proper conditions, you could spread whatever you were carrying there to distant places." Said Armando Azua-Bustos, a research scientist at the Center for Astrobiology at the Superior Council of Scientific Research in Spain.
Azua-Bustos is now more certain that such spread might be possible because of an experiment his team carried out in Chile's Atacama Desert-the conditions of which are greatly similar to the Mars'. There, his team placed containers along two paths cutting from the coast into the driest parts of the Atacama. One path was 30 miles long; the other 40 miles long. They waited for winds to deliver coastal dust to the containers. Then they grew whatever landed.
On both paths, they found amounts of bacteria species, which suggests that micro-livings are indeed able to fly over the driest and most sun-shined desert on Earth in just a few hours—and arrive unharmed. The details are in the journal Scientific Reports.
The researchers say wind could therefore be a way to easily pollute another planet with Earth micro-livings if spacecraft aren't sterilized—or a way for Martian life in once-fertile areas to give birth to others by lying on dust in the wind.
17．Why is there debate over the Curiosity Rover?
A．Because it can't drive anywhere by itself without wind.
B．Because its drill may damage the surface of Mars.
C．Because it has been polluted before it landed on Mars.
D．Because it may destroy the potential environment of life on Mars with Earth's micro-livings.
18．How did Azua-Bustos' team find supportive evidence for his opinion?
A．They studied the data of wind storms about Mars.
B．They did an experiment under the similar conditions of Mars.
C．They found a large quantity of bacteria on Mars.
D．They used the details in the journal Scientific Reports.
19．According to Azua-Bustos, Earth's micro-livings on Mars may be spread mainly by________.
A．the detector's drill B．two paths C．strong wind D．driving around
20．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The conditions on Mars are similar to those on Earth.
B．The strong wind on Mars can pollute the micro-livings in the subsurface area.
C．All spacecrafts must be sterilized before they are launched into space.
D．Chile's Atacana Desert is one of the driest and most sun-shined desert on Earth.

【答案】
17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。好奇号探测器在3月着陆前从未完全消毒过，这引发了人们关于探测器可能用地球上的微生物破坏火星上潜在的生命环境的争论。对此科学家Armando Azua-Bustos进行了一项实验，来支持他的观点，介绍了实验过程。研究人员说，因此，如果航天器不消毒的话，风可能很容易让地球上的微生命污染另一个星球。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And there's been debate whether the rover drill might pollute certain subsurface areas thought to potentially give birth to life. But it turns out the detector may not need to drive somewhere to pollute that spot with Earth's micro-livings.(人们一直在争论，漫游者钻探是否会污染某些被认为可能孕育生命的地下区域。但事实证明，探测器可能不需要开到某个地方，就可以用地球上的微生物污染那个地方)”可知，好奇号之所以引发争论是因为它可能用地球上的微生物破坏火星上潜在的生命环境。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Azua-Bustos is now more certain that such spread might be possible because of an experiment his team carried out in Chile's Atacama Desert-the conditions of which are greatly similar to the Mars'.( Azua-Bustos现在更加确信这种传播是可能的，因为他的团队在智利阿塔卡马沙漠进行了一项实验，那里的条件与火星非常相似)”可知，Azua-Bustos的团队通过在火星相似的条件下做了一个实验，来找到支持他观点的证据。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段““Wind storms are very common on Mars. So you have one point of pollution, and given the proper conditions, you could spread whatever you were carrying there to distant places." said Armando Azua-Bustos, a research scientist at the Center for Astrobiology at the Superior Council of Scientific Research in Spain.(“风暴在火星上很常见。所以你有一个污染点，在适当的条件下，你可以把你带到那里的任何东西传播到遥远的地方。”西班牙高等科学研究委员会天体生物学中心的研究科学家Armando Azua-Bustos说)”可知，据Azua-Bustos说，火星上的地球微生物可能主要通过强风传播。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Azua-Bustos is now more certain that such spread might be possible because of an experiment his team carried out in Chile's Atacama Desert-the conditions of which are greatly similar to the Mars'.( Azua-Bustos现在更加确信这种传播是可能的，因为他的团队在智利阿塔卡马沙漠进行了一项实验，那里的条件与火星非常相似)”以及倒数第二段中“On both paths, they found amounts of bacteria species, which suggests that micro-livings are indeed able to fly over the driest and most sun-shined desert on Earth in just a few hours—and arrive unharmed.(在这两条路径上，他们都发现了大量的细菌物种，这表明微型生物确实能够在几小时内飞过地球上最干燥、阳光最充足的沙漠，并且毫发无损地到达)”可知，D选项“智利的阿塔卡纳沙漠是地球上最干燥和阳光最充足的沙漠之一”正确。故选D。
Passage 6
On June 17, China launched three astronauts into orbit to begin occupation of the country’s new space station. The three men — Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo — are to spend three months aboard the Tianhe module some 380km above the Earth. It will be China’s longest crewed space mission to date and the first in nearly five years.
The primary purpose of the team on the Shenzhou-12 mission is to bring the 22.5-tonne Tianhe module into service. “We need to set up our new home in space and test a series of new technologies,” Mr. Nie said ahead of the launch. “So, the mission is tough and challenging. I believe with the three of us working closely together, doing thorough and accurate operations, we can overcome our challenges. We do have the confidence to complete the mission.”
The crew successfully docked(对接) with the space station over seven hours after the launch. The moment of contact was met with applause from mission control and the huge land in China. The launch and following mission are definitely a demonstration of China’s growing confidence and capability in the space field. President Xi Jinping has thrown his support behind the country’s space efforts, and the Chinese official media regularly cast the “space dream” as one significant step on the path to “national rejuvenation(民族复兴)”.
China has in recent years made no secret of its space ambitions. It has poured significant funding into its space efforts, and in 2019 became the first country to send an un-crewed rover(登月车) to the far side of the Moon. For its part, China says it is open to foreign participation on its station. For example, on the outside of the station, there is an Indian-developed telescopic spectrograph to study ultraviolet emissions coming from deep space. And in the long term, there probably also will be visits to the station by non-Chinese citizens.
At Wednesday’s press conference, Ji Qiming, an assistant director with China’s human spaceflight agency, said: “We welcome co-operation in this regard.” “It is believed that soon after the completion of the Chinese space station, we will see Chinese and foreign astronauts fly and work together,” he added.
21．What is the chief goal of the three-man crew?
A．Testing a variety of new technologies.
B．Spending three months aboard the Tianhe module.
C．Putting the Tianhe module into operation.
D．Displaying China’s rising confidence and capability.
22．What would the Chinese public think of the launch of Shenzhou-12?
A．Mind-blowing. B．Heart-breaking.
C．Energy-consuming. D．Labor-saving.
23．Why is “an Indian-developed telescopic spectrograph” mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To show China’s stand on international cooperation.
B．To make clear the presence of non-Chinese visitors.
C．To praise India’s advanced aerospace technologies.
D．To compare China and India at the technical level.
24．What is the main topic of this news report on the China space station?
A．The efforts put on space exploration.
B．The detailed plan of the three-month mission.
C．The welcome for foreign involvement.
D．The delivery of the first crew to Tianhe module.

【答案】
21．C 22．A 23．A 24．D
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国最新的太空站投入使用并将迎来第一批宇航员，此外还介绍了中国希望世界各国人民都能加入宇宙建设中来。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The primary purpose of the team on the Shenzhou-12 mission is to bring the 22.5-tonne Tianhe module into service.(神舟12号任务团队的主要目的是将22.5吨的天河模块投入使用)”可知，神舟12号的主要目的是将天河模块投入使用。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The moment of contact was met with applause from mission control and the huge land in China. The launch and following mission are definitely a demonstration of China’s growing confidence and capability in the space field. (这一时刻得到了来自控制中心和中国大陆的掌声。这次发射和后续任务无疑表明了中国在太空领域日益增长的信心和能力)”可知，神舟12号的成功发射表明了中国在太空领域日益增长的信心和能力。由此推知，中国民众是非常兴奋以及信心倍增的。那么A项Mind-blowing(令人兴奋的)满足题意。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For its part, China says it is open to foreign participation on its station.(中国方面表示，对外国参与其空间站建设持开放态度)”可知，中国对于外国参与其空间站建设持开放态度。由此推知，印度开发的望远镜摄谱仪表明了中国对此是持支持态度的。即展示中国在国际合作中的立场。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据文章第一“The three men — Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo — are to spend three months aboard the Tianhe module some 380km above the Earth. It will be China’s longest crewed space mission to date and the first in nearly five years.(这三名宇航员——聂海胜、刘伯明和唐洪波——将在距离地球380公里的天河舱度过三个月的时间。这将是中国迄今为止最长的载人航天任务，也是近五年来的首次。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国新的空间站投入使用，3位航天员将在空间站开展最长的航空任务。所以D项The delivery of the first crew to Tianhe module.(向天河舱交付第一批船员)为本文主要内容。故选D。
Passage 7
July 20 marks 50 years since human beings first landed on the moon. That day in 1969 made astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin well-known names. But years before that, a lesser-known figure was on a mission to make that first moon landing possible.
His name was John Houbolt, the son of Dutch immigrants. Houbolt grew up on a farm in Joliet, Illinois. He studied engineering at the University of Illinois and eventually worked his way to NASA．
It was there, in the early 1960s, that he made his career to defend what was, at the time, an unpopular idea—but would ultimately be critical to getting Apollo 11 to the moon and safely back.
“John once faced a mixture of indifference until things started to change, and engineers started to realize his data might be right.” Todd Zwillich, author of the original audio-book about Houbolt's life. It is called The Man Who Knew the Way to the Moon.
So what was Houbolt's unpopular idea? He defended what's called lunar orbit rendezvous. The idea involves sending a spacecraft into orbit around the moon—and from there, sending only a small light space vehicle down to the moon's surface, instead of the entire spaceship.
Zwillich says while Houbolt didn't invent the idea, he was the one who started to apply it. Most people who know the most about this mission feel that without lunar orbit rendezvous, Apollo 11 couldn't have succeeded. And without John Houbolt, you probably would not have had lunar orbit rendezvous.
Zwillich's bok also explores the kinds of challenges NASA engineers face today, as they make plans to get back to the moon and, ultimately, to Mars, orders of magnitude of a bigger problem , which bringing us a lot of problems to think about.
Those problems, he says, create plenty of debates today. With the story of John Houbolt as an example, something considered highly unlikely now might be the key to eventually putting people on the Red Planet.
25．What's the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To introduce John Houbolt and his contributions to space exploration.
B．To explain the efforts human beings made to explore the Moon.
C．To introduce a book which tells the story of John Houbolt.
D．To explain achievements human beings have made on exploring the space.
26．What's the author's attitude to John Houbolts’ theory?
A．Doubtful B．Favorable C．Critical D．Objective
27．What does the underlined word "It" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Zwillich's book B．John Houbolt C．Apollo 1l D．lunar orbit rendezvous
28．From the last paragraph we can know that________.
A．John Houbolt's idea is vital to explore the Mars.
B．human beings are unable to land on the Mars today.
C．people can do anything as long as they have the determination.
D．concepts unacceptable today may be useful for tomorrow's research.

【答案】
25．A 26．B 27．A 28．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Houbolt提出了一项在当时不受欢迎，但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要的理论。他为所谓的月球轨道交会进行了辩护，大多数了解这次任务的人都认为，如果没有月球轨道交会，阿波罗11号就不可能成功。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段“His name was John Houbolt, the son of Dutch immigrants. Houbolt grew up on a farm in Joliet, Illinois. He studied engineering at the University of Illinois and eventually worked his way to NASA. (他的名字叫John Houbolt，是荷兰移民的儿子。Houbolt在伊利诺斯州朱利埃特的一个农场长大。他在伊利诺伊大学学习工程学，最终在美国国家航空航天局工作)”结合文章主要介绍了John Houbolt提出了一项在当时不受欢迎，但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要的理论。他为所谓的月球轨道交会进行了辩护，大多数了解这次任务的人都认为，如果没有月球轨道交会，阿波罗11号就不可能成功。可推知，文章的目的是介绍John Houbolt和他对太空探索的贡献。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段“It was there, in the early 1960s, that he made his career to defend what was, at the time, an unpopular idea—but would ultimately be critical to getting Apollo 11 to the moon and safely back.(正是在那里，在20世纪60年代初，他的职业生涯为一个在当时不受欢迎的想法辩护——但最终对阿波罗11号登月并安全返回至关重要)”可推知，作者对John Houbolt的理论持支持态度。故选B。
27．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Todd Zwillich, author of the original audio-book about Houbolt's life.”可知， Todd Zwillich是讲述Houbolt生平的原版有声书的作者。而Todd Zwillich的这本书名叫《知道月球之路的人》。故画线词指的是“Zwillich的书”。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With the story of John Houbolt as an example, something considered highly unlikely now might be the key to eventually putting people on the Red Planet.(以John Houbolt的故事为例，一些现在看来极不可能的事情可能是最终将人类送上火星的关键)”可知，如今不能接受的概念可能对明天的研究有用。故选D。
Passage 8
China just successfully landed its first rover (探测器) on Mars, becoming only the second nation to do so. Tianwen-1 arrived in Mars’ orbit (轨道) in February 2021 after being sent into space on a Long March 5 rocket in July 2020.
After circling the Red Planet for three months, the Tianwen-1 lander, with the rover attached, separated from the orbiter to begin its going down toward the planet’s surface. Once the lander and rover entered Mars’ atmosphere, the spacecraft went through the “seven minutes of terror” before attempting soft landings on Mars. A heat cover protected the spacecraft during the landing. After that the spacecraft safely parachuted (用降落伞投放) down to the Utopia Planitia region, a plain in the planet’s northern part. Tianwen-1’s landing platform fired some small, downward-facing rocket engines to slow down during the last few seconds of its landing.
China’s Mars rover, called Zhurong, is expected to spend at least 90 Mars days roving around on Mars to study the planet’s composition and look for signs of water ice.
Zhurong will study the Red Planet, and the orbiter will serve as a data station for communications between Zhurong and mission controllers on Earth. The orbiter is designed to last for at least one Mars year, or about 687 Earth days.
China is also planning a Mars mission in 2028, much like a joint NASA and ESA mission scheduled to begin that same year. China is also working with Russia on another mission scheduled to start in 2024.
29．It took Tianwen-1 _______ to land on the surface of Mars.
A．3 months B．5 months
C．7 months D．10 months
30．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The landing of Tianwen-1. B．The seven minutes of terror.
C．The working principle of rockets. D．The plain in the planet’s northern part.
31．What’s the mission of Zhurong?
A．To look for fresh water. B．To find living places for humans.
C．To research the make-up of Mars. D．To learn how to land on Mars safely.
32．Which of the following best describes China’s space programs?
A．Unique. B．Promising.
C．Overheated. D．Unbeatable.

【答案】
29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国的首个探测器刚刚成功登陆火星，中国成为世界上第二个成功登陆火星的国家。文章主要介绍了“天问一号”的着陆及任务。此外，中国还计划在2028年进行火星任务。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Tianwen-1 arrived in Mars’ orbit (轨道) in February 2021 after being sent into space on a Long March 5 rocket in July 2020.（“天问一号”于2021年2月抵达火星轨道，此前于2020年7月由长征五号火箭送入太空）”可知，天问一号花了7个月时间在火星着陆。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。本段介绍了天问一号环绕火星3个月后，与火星轨道器分离，开始向火星表面降落。飞船在尝试软着陆之前经历了7分钟的恐怖。在着陆过程中，一个隔热罩保护了航天器。之后，宇宙飞船安全降落到地球北部的“乌托邦平原”。因此，本段的主要内容为“天问一号”的着陆。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“China’s Mars rover, called Zhurong, is expected to spend at least 90 Mars days roving around on Mars to study the planet’s composition and look for signs of water ice.”（中国的 “祝融号”火星探测器预计将在火星上运行至少90天，研究火星的组成，寻找水冰的迹象）可知，祝融号的任务是研究火星的组成，寻找水冰的迹象。结合选项。故选C。
32．推理判断题。结合本文内容及最后一段的“China is also planning a Mars mission in 2028, much like a joint NASA and ESA mission scheduled to begin that same year. China is also working with Russia on another mission scheduled to start in 2024. ”（中国还计划在2028年进行火星任务，很像美国宇航局和欧洲航天局计划于同年开始的联合任务。中国还与俄罗斯在另一项计划于2024年开始的任务上进行合作）可推测出中国的太空计划是前途无量的。故选B。
Passage 9
Space X Makes Space History
Recycling isn't just for cans, bottles and unwanted gifts anymore. South African businessman Elon Musk's space transport company Space X has recycled its way into history and redefine the future of space flight.
On March 30, Space X successfully launched a “pre-flown” rocket. It marked the first time anyone has relaunched a booster (助推器) into space. Musk called it “a milestone in the history of space.” SpaceX hopes to turn space flight into a profitable business. To make it a reality, the company has long realized that reusable rockets will be an important part of its business model. A typical rocket launch of the type performed by SpaceX costs around 62million.A one-time-use rocket, which, once used, falls to earth and breaks up, makes up as much as 30 percent of the launch price.
Musk's ambitions (雄心), however, are not without risks. Last September, one of SpaceX's rockets exploded on its launch platform, destroying the booster, the spacecraft and its cargo-a multimillion-dollar satellite. The explosion set back the company's plan to relaunch a used rocket, but Musk seemed to be even more hopeful. The businessman believes that most rocket parts can be used dozens of times.
Following the success in March, Space X now plans to push on. Its plan is to have rockets launched, landed and then relaunched with 24 hours. Those rockets, the company hopes, will make the flights without maintenance (维护), and up to 100 flights in total. It's not clear how much effort that will take, but if Space X makes it a reality, the company will quickly achieve a position of power in the space industry.
33．What makes SpaceX different from other companies?
A．Rewriting the history of space travel.
B．The long history in launching rockets.
C．Recycling the booster for further launch.
D．Collecting more money for space flight.
34．What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in the 2nd paragraph?
A．Riddle. B．Plot. C．Medium. D．Landmark.
35．What do we know about Elon Musk from the Paragraph 3?
A．He is a man of good luck. B．He is a man of strong will.
C．He is good at space flights. D．He is good at reusing things.
36．What may Space X do next?
A．Send 100 rockets up into space. B．Make it a reality to live in space.
C．Make it common to reuse rockets. D．Launch a rocket within 24 hours.

【答案】
33．C 34．D 35．B 36．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南非的太空运输公司SpaceX计划回收助推器以便向太空重新发射。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“South African businessman Elon Musk's space transport company Space X has recycled its way into history and redefine the future of space flight. (南非商人Elon Musk的太空运输公司Space X已经回收助推器，重新定义了太空飞行的未来)”和第二段中“It marked the first time anyone has relaunched a booster (助推器) into space. (这标志着首次有人向太空重新发射助推器)”可知，SpaceX与其他公司不同在于其回收助推器以便进一步发射。故选C项。
34．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“It marked the first time anyone has relaunched a booster (助推器) into space. Musk called it “a milestone in the history of space.” SpaceX hopes to turn space flight into a profitable business. (这标志着首次有人向太空重新发射助推器。Musk称其为“太空史上的__________”。SpaceX希望将太空飞行变成一项有利可图的业务)”由这标志着首次有人向太空重新发射助推器，可知这是太空史上的里程碑，因此划线词milestone意为“里程碑”。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The explosion set back the company's plan to relaunch a used rocket, but Musk seemed to be even more hopeful. The businessman believes that most rocket parts can be used dozens of times. (这次爆炸推迟了该公司重新发射一枚用过的火箭的计划，但Musk似乎更有希望。这位商人认为，大多数火箭部件可以被使用几十次)”可知，Elon Musk是一个意志坚强的人。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Following the success in March, Space X now plans to push on. Its plan is to have rockets launched, landed and then relaunched with 24 hours. Those rockets, the company hopes, will make the flights without maintenance (维护), and up to 100 flights in total. (继3月份的成功之后，Space X现在计划继续推进。它的计划是在24小时内发射、着陆，然后重新发射。该公司希望，这些火箭将在不需要维护的情况下进行飞行，总共飞行100次)”可知，Space X下一步可能会让火箭重复使用变得平常。故选C项。
Passage 10
2020 marks the 20th anniversary of the International Space Station (ISS) since the first group of astronauts arrived at the ISS on Nov. 2, 2000. As a milestone of space exploration, the ISS didn't come cheap. It cost about 989 billion yuan, took decades to build and is by far the world's largest space project.
When it comes to achievements, ISS has accommodated at least 3,000 research projects, from research on Alzheimer's to toothpaste.
But still, with a 26-billion-yuan bill annually, ISS can't make ends meet. NASA has been promoting to commercialize ISS. In 2019, NASA announced that the ISS would open for business to private citizens. According to Reuters, NASA will allow up to two private trips to the station per year, each lasting up to 30 days. NASA estimated the cost of a flight would be around $50 million (about 330 million yuan) per seat.
However, ISS isn't in the same state as it was in its youth. After 20 years of circling the Earth, ISS has suffered multiple problems. For example, there have been several air leak issues, the most recent of which was announced by NASA on Sept. 29. Meanwhile, without enough propellant (推进剂), ISS will not stay in orbit and could fall, leading to disaster.
“Worst, worst case, I guess it's a 9/11, right?” Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at Harvard told Space.com. “Because it's at worst case a plane crashing, part of which is in a populated area.”
So how can the space station make a safe return? Despite certain risks, NASA is considering a scheduled de-orbit—maneuvering the station to a special angel in its orbit, making the return more predictable and allowing managers to target the debris to the vast, little populated southern Pacific Ocean. An alternative is to launch new station modules to replace the old ones. “Each module is going to be designed with its own guidance, navigation and control, its own thruster capabilities,” said Christian Maender, director of in-space manufacturing and research for Houston-based company Axiom. “So when they need to, they can separate and return through Earth's atmosphere on their own.”
For now, ISS will continue through at least 2024.
37．Which statement about ISS is WRONG according to the passage?
A．It begun to be built in 2000.
B．It cost a great deal to build it.
C．It is the largest space project at present.
D．At least 3,000 research projects were conducted there.
38．Why will ISS open for business to private citizens?
A．To satisfy personal interests.
B．To keep the original promise.
C．To overcome the financial problem.
D．To conduct experiments for the private.
39．Which challenge is not ISS facing now?
A．Financial issues. B．Air leak issues.
C．Propellant problems. D．Technology problems.
40．What can be done to prevent ISS falling and leading to disaster?
A．To send more scientists to ISS.
B．To launch new station modules.
C．To open for business to private citizens.
D．Remove some devices and make it lighter.

【答案】
37．A 38．C 39．D 40．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际空间站的作用、发展、面临的问题和安全返回问题。
37．细节理解题。由第一段中的“2020 marks the 20th anniversary of the International Space Station (ISS) since the first group of astronauts arrived at the ISS on Nov. 2, 2000. (自第一批宇航员于2000年11月22日抵达国际空间站以来，2020年是国际空间站（ISS）成立20周年)”可知，文章只说了第一批宇航员于2000年11月22日抵达国际空间站（说明国际空间站已建造完成，宇航员才能上去），故“国际空间站于2000年开始建造”错误。故选A项。
38．推理判断题。由第三段中的“But still, with a 26-billion-yuan bill annually, ISS can't make ends meet. NASA has been promoting to commercialize ISS. In 2019, NASA announced that the ISS would open for business to private citizens. (但尽管如此，国际空间站每年有260亿元的账单，无法维持收支平衡。美国宇航局一直在推动国际空间站商业化。2019年，美国宇航局宣布，国际空间站将向公民个人开放)”可推知，国际空间站将向公民开放是因为要克服财务问题。故选C项。
39．细节理解题。由第三段中的“But still, with a 26-billion-yuan bill annually, ISS can't make ends meet. (但尽管如此，国际空间站每年有260亿元的账单，无法维持收支平衡)”和第四段中的“For example, there have been several air leak issues, the most recent of which was announced by NASA on Sept. 29. Meanwhile, without enough propellant (推进剂), ISS will not stay in orbit and could fall, leading to disaster. (例如，有几个空气泄漏问题，最近的一个是由美国宇航局在9月29日宣布的。同时，如果没有足够的推进剂，国际空间站将无法留在轨道上，并可能坠落，导致灾难)”可知，国际空间站目前面临财务问题、漏气问题和推进剂问题，还未面临技术问题。故选D项。
40．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“An alternative is to launch new station modules to replace the old ones. (另一种选择是发射新的空间站模块，以取代旧的空间站模块)”可知，发射新的空间站模块来取代旧的空间站模块，可防止国际空间站坠落并导致灾难，故选B项。