第二题 语法填空-2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练（北京专用）

第二题  语法填空

2021年高考英语（北京卷）语法填空从形式、内容等方面保持与前两年的风格。

例题  （2020年北京卷）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible.

【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing        2. lucky       3. if/whether

【解析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。

1. 考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
2. 考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
3. 考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trop sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.

【答案】4. are thrown          5. to break         6. into/to           7. countries

【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。

4. 考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
6. 考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
7. 考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.

【答案】8. found            9. lived/had lived/had been living       10. smarter

【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。

8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
9. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
10. 考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为than。

一、语法填空01

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___1___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___2___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___3___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___4___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.

【答案】1．meetings      2．against       3．which       4．leading

【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了“缔约方大会”主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。

1．考查名词。句意：第二十六次缔约方大会是一系列政府为保护环境而召开的会议中最新的一次。a series of表示“一系列”，后面加名词复数，故填meetings。

2．考查介词。句意：它的主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。介词against表示“对抗，应对”，故填against。

3．考查定语从句。句意：由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。先行词是Gases，在定语从句中做主语，指代物，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

4．考查非谓语动词。句意：被由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词做结果状语。故填leading。

二、语法填空02

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In March 2018, a couple opened the first Zero Green in Bristol,____5____ (sell) food and household items entirely without packaging. Shoppers ____6____ (encourage) to bring their own containers to take their shopping home. Although there was a lot of trial and error, plus additional challenges, they believe ____7____ they are doing is a sustainable business model.

【答案】5．selling       6．are encouraged##were encouraged       7．what

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开了一家Zero Green，销售完全没有包装的食物和家居用品。虽然有很多尝试和错误，但他们认为这是一个可持续的商业模式。

5．考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年3月，一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开设了第一家Zero Green，销售食品和家居用品，完全没有包装。句中已有谓语动opened其无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，a couple和sell之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填selling。

6．考查动词语态。句意：购物者被鼓励自己带购物容器来把物品带回家。主语shoppers和encourage之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处可理解为陈述该店的一条规则，用一般现在时的被动语态；也可理解为陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are encouraged##were encouraged。

7．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然有很多尝试和错误，加上额外的挑战，他们相信他们正在做的是一个可持续的商业模式。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代“他们做的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填what。

三、语法填空03

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Amazon invited some customers to preview the new grocery store format developed in California. The Amazon Fresh store in Woodland Hills ____8____ (design) to reach a broader part of shoppers than the pricier Whole Foods Market chain, ____9____(signal)its intention to become a significant player in the huge grocery business. It also marks a new stage when Amazon competes with larger grocery chains, Walmart, which expanded features and services to make shopping ____10____ (convenience).

【答案】8．is designed           9．signaling          10．convenient

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了亚马逊与大型连锁超市沃尔玛展开竞争的新阶段。

8．考查固定搭配。句意：伍德兰山的亚马逊新鲜食品店旨在比价格更高的全食连锁超市更广泛地吸引购物者，表明其有意成为庞大的食品杂货业务中的重要参与者。固定搭配be designed to do“目的是”，此处为描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is designed。

9．考查非谓语动词。此处signal的逻辑主语为前面一句话，二者是主动关系，应用现在分词，表伴随。故填signaling。

10．考查固定搭配。句意：这也标志着亚马逊进入了一个新阶段，与更大的食品杂货连锁店沃尔玛竞争，后者扩大了功能和服务，使购物更加方便。make sb./sth. +adj.“让某人/某物怎么样”，此处需用形容词。故填convenient。

四、语法填空04

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Some Qin bamboo texts were discovered in a tomb in Hubei Province that contain many rules regarding ___11___ people were supposed to live and behave. Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who ___12___(break) these rules. For instance, officials punished people who stole money by tattooing(刺青) their face. There are also other ancient laws in the texts. One of them is that when questioning a suspect, an official was ___13___(strict) forbidden from using physical force.

【答案】11．how        12．broke        13．strictly

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古发现一些秦朝竹简书，其中包含了许多关于当时人们应该如何生活和行为的规则。

11．考查名词性从句。句意：在湖北的一个古墓中发现了一些秦朝竹简书，其中包含了许多关于人们应该如何生活和行为的规则。介词regarding后接宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语表示“如何”，所以用连接副词how引导。故填how。

12．考查时态。句意：专家们说，这些文本可以证明公元前三世纪的政府对违反这些规则的人施以残酷的惩罚。分析句子可知，定语从句中缺少谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the third century BC可知，发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填broke。

13．考查副词。句意：其中一条是，在讯问嫌疑人时，严禁官员使用体罚。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填strictly。

五、语法填空05

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who has bought or moved into the house is the one who ____14____ (throw) the party. The party is a chance for close friends and family members ____15____ (congratulate) the person on the new home. It also gives people a chance to see ____16____ the new home looks like. And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and ____17____ (present) hopefully.

【答案】14．throws       15．to congratulate      16．what       17．presents

【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是乔迁派对及其意义。

14．考查主谓一致。句意：买了房子或搬进房子的人是举办聚会的人。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是the one，关系代词who替代先行词在句中作主语，所以谓语动词用三单式。故填throws。

15．考查非谓语动词。句意：聚会是亲朋好友和家人向有了新家的人表示祝贺的机会。分析句子结构可知，本句为动词不定式作后置定语。故填to congratulate。

16．考查名词性从句。句意：它也让人们有机会看到新家的样子。分析句子可知，此处是有连接词引起的宾语从句，从句谓语动词look like 后缺少宾语，所以用指代物的连接代词what引起宾语从句。故填what。

17．考查名词。句意：这也是一个很好的机会来让新家充满爱和礼物。根据空格前love和并列连词and，可知空格处要填名词，括号内所给词是单数可数名词，表示多个礼物，所以空格处要填复数形式。故填presents。

六、语法填空06

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Athletes are not only competitors, but good friends—that’s a main attraction of the Olympics. That’s _______18_______ athletes send best wishes to their competitors, even if they have themselves lost. As competitors they compete for gold, but as friends they work together to challenge limits. The hugs received from other competitors are always remarked in the Games because the true Olympic spirit is______19______ victory and national boundaries. Winning a medal is definitely important, but one needs a golden heart to cope with all the difficulties on the field and still congratulate their competitors. That’s what makes the Olympics________20________ (attract).

【答案】18．why        19．beyond        20．attractive

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了运动员要具备奥林匹克精神。

18．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么运动员们会给他们的竞争对手送上最好的祝福，即使他们自己输了。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。

19．考查介词。句意：在奥运会上，来自其他选手的拥抱常被展现出来，因为真正的奥林匹克精神超越胜利，超越国界。根据句意可知，此处表达“超越胜利，超越国界”。表示“超越”应用介词beyond。故填beyond。

20．考查形容词。句意：这就是奥运会的魅力所在。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填形容词attractive作宾语补足语。故填attractive。

七、语法填空07

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Tianwen I, the unmanned probe for China’s first independent Mars mission,____21____(land) on the Red Planet on May 2021, marking an important step in China’s exploration of the outer space. China has become the second country to land on Mars. The landing____22____(see) now by the world as another milestone in the development of China’s aerospace(航空航天) industry. And China’s space station core module Tianhe entered pre-set orbit in April,____23____marked a solid step in building the country’s first space station.

【答案】21．landed            22．is seen          23．which

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了2021年5月，我国首个独立火星探测任务的无人探测器“天问一号”在红色星球着陆，今年4月，中国空间站核心舱“天河号”进入预定轨道，这些航天成就都标志着中国航天事业的蓬勃发展。

21．考查时态。句意：2021年5月，我国首个独立火星探测任务的无人探测器“天问一号”在红色星球着陆，标志着我国探索外层空间迈出了重要一步。分析可知，所填动词为句子的谓语动词，结合时间状语“on May 2021”可知，应是一般过去时。故填landed。

22．考查时态和被动。句意：这次着陆被世界视为中国航天工业发展的又一个里程碑。分析可知，所填动词为句子的谓语动词，动词“see”在句中意为“看作为”，与主语“The landing”之间为被动关系，结合时间状语“now”可知，用一般现在时被动，且主语为第三人称单数，应是“is done”。故填is seen。

23．考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：今年4月，中国空间站核心舱“天河号”进入预定轨道，标志着中国在建设第一个空间站方面迈出了坚实的一步。分析可知，“_______ marked a solid step in building the country’s first space station”为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代逗号前全部内容，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。

八、语法填空08

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Usually, joy and happiness ____24____ (understand) to be the same thing. In fact, they’re very different. Joy is an emotion that occurs within us when we develop an appreciation or thankfulness for the contents of life, such as nature, ____25____ (free), relationships with people, or through having faith in something ____26____ (large) than ourselves. Happiness is an emotion that is aroused in us when we buy a new car or get a promotion at work. It depends on our circumstances satisfying our desires.

【答案】24．are understood         25．freedom       26．larger

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了快乐和幸福的区别。

24．考查动词时态和语态。句意：通常，快乐和幸福被理解为同一件事。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的谓语，joy and happiness为两个主语，与understand构成逻辑上的被动关系，且根据Usually及句意可知，本句用一般现在时的被动语态。故填：are understood。

25．考查名词。句意：当我们对生活的内容（如自然、自由、人际关系）心存感激或对比我们自身更大的事物有信心时，快乐就会在我们内心产生。分析句子可知，空处与nature，relationships并列，用名词。free对应的名词为freedom，此处为不可数名词。故填：freedom。

26．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。分析空处可知，修饰不定代词something，放在其后用形容词，且根据空后的than可知，此处用large的比较级larger。故填：larger。

九、语法填空09

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Xu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road ____27____ glory was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally ____28____ (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in ____29____ (they) pursuit of dreams.

【答案】27．to           28．won            29．their

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬奥会闭幕式中国代表团旗手、奥运冠军徐梦涛是如何成功，以及她的成功的意义。

27．考查介词。句意：但她的荣耀之路并不平坦，因为它伴随着许多伤痛。结合句意表达“通往……的路”用road to。故填to。

28．考查时态。句意：正是她对运动的热情、毅力和决心帮助她继续前进，并最终在第四届奥运会上获得金牌。空处为and并列句的谓语动词，结合上文语境可知“获得”金牌发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填won。

29．考查代词。句意：她的成功超越了体育，激励运动员和普通人追求他们的梦想。修饰空后名词pursuit应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。

十、语法填空10

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Pixar is one of   the world’s most famous and successful film ____30____ (studio). Its latest animated film, Soul, ____31____ (release) last November. Soul tells the story of Joe Gardner, an aspiring jazz musician living in New York. One day, after an accident, Gardner ends up in the Great Before—a place ____32____ souls must “find their spark” before entering a human body. When Gardner is given the job of mentoring a soul called 22, he tries to find his way back to Earth.

【答案】30．studios             31．was released          32．where

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由世界上最著名的电影制片厂皮克斯最新出品的动画电影《心灵奇旅》。

30．考查名词的数。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的电影制片厂之一。one of + the +形容词最高级 + 复数名词。故填studios。

31．考查时态和语态。句意：它的最新动画电影《心灵奇旅》于去年11月上映。根据句中时间状语last November可知，用一般过去时。主语Its latest animated film, Soul与release之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was released。

32．考查定语从句。句意：一天，在一场意外之后，加德纳来到了“伟大的之前”——一个灵魂在进入人体之前必须“找到他们的火花”的地方。句中先行词为place，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。

十一、语法填空11

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Halfway through his lecture, Eric gave each person a balloon and asked everyone to write their name on it. Later all the balloons were collected. He then asked them to find the balloons that they had their names written ____33____ within five minutes. Everyone was pushing and bumping into each other. It was chaos. At the end of the five minutes, no one could find their own balloon. Now they were asked to randomly collect a balloon and give it to the person ____34____ name was on it. Within two minutes everyone got his own balloon. Psychologists argue our happiness sometimes ____35____ (lie) in the happiness of others. You will get your own by giving them theirs.

【答案】33．on         34．whose         35．lies

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Eric进行一个实验过程以及最终得出的结论是：我们的幸福有时在于别人的幸福。 你会通过给予别人幸福，来获得你自己的幸福。

33．考查介词。句意：然后，他要求他们在五分钟内找到写有自己名字的气球。呼应上文“asked everyone to write their name on it”指在气球表面写下自己的名字，应用介词on。故填on。

34．考查定语从句。句意：现在他们被要求随机收集一个气球，并把它给上面有名字的人。此处为定语从句修饰先行词person，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。

35．考查时态。句意：心理学家认为，我们的幸福有时在于别人的幸福。根据上文“”可知为一般现在时，主语为happiness，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。

十二、语法填空12

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

This is the right book for right now. Yes, learning requires focus. But, unlearning and relearning requires much more — it requires choosing courage ____36____ comfort. In Think Again, Adam Grant ____37____（weave）together research and storytelling to help us build the intellectual and emotional muscle we need to stay curious enough about the world to actually change it. I've never felt so hopeful about ____38____ I don't know.

【答案】36．over           37．weaves           38．what

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 Adam Grant 的新书 Think Again的主要内容。书中指出不学习和重新学习需要更多勇气。作者通过研究与讲故事相结合的方式来告诉读者如何保持好奇心以及改变世界。

36．考查介词。句意：它需要选择勇气而不是舒适。根据上文“But, unlearning and relearning requires much more”可知，不学习和重新学习比学习需要投入更多。破折号后的it指代“unlearning and relearning”。因此，不学习和重新学习不可能是舒适的。over，介词，表示“优先于，而不是”。故填over。

37．考查谓语动词。句意：在《重新思考》一书中，亚当·格兰特将研究和讲故事结合在一起，帮助我们建立对世界保持足够的好奇心，从而真正改变世界所需的智力和情感力量。句子是客观描述书的内容，使用一般现在时，主语是“Adam Grant”，谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填weaves。

38．考查宾语从句。句意：我从来没有对我不知道的事情抱有这么大的希望。宾语从句中缺少连接词，连接词在从句中做know的宾语。故填what。

十三、语法填空13

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The carrier rocket sent a Shenzhou-II spacecraft with astronauts Chen Dong and Jing Haipeng into space. The rocket was fired ___39___ the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi desert. After two days in Earth's orbit, the spacecraft was to link up with China's space laboratory,___40___ (know) as the Tiankong-2, ___41___ name means “Heavenly Palace 2”. The lab ___42___ (place) into orbit last month.

【答案】39．in          40．known         41．whose       42．was placed

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。运载火箭搭载航天员陈冬和景海鹏将神舟二号飞船送入太空。 火箭是在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射的。 在绕地球轨道飞行两天后，“天宫二号”将与中国空间实验室对接。 这个实验室上个月被送入轨道。

39．考查介词。句意：火箭是在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射的。结合句意表示“在位于戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心”应用介词in。故填in。

40．考查非谓语动词。句意：在地球轨道上飞行两天之后，飞船将与被称为“天宫2号”的中国空间实验室对接。结合句意表示“被称为……”可知短语为be known as，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作定语。故填known。

41．考查定语从句。句意：在地球轨道上飞行两天之后，飞船将与被称为“天宫2号”的中国空间实验室对接。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Tiankong-2，先行词且在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。

42．考查动词时态语态。句意：这个实验室上个月被送入轨道。根据时间状语last month可知用一般过去时，且主语lab与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为The lab，谓语动词用单数。故填was placed。