黑龙江省牡丹江市第三高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份黑龙江省牡丹江市第三高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题，共30页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，单项选择，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

黑龙江省牡丹江市第三高级中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Four Online Events
The handshake：an anthropologist’s guide
What is its biological purpose？What are the best and worst handshakes？In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．This event will start at 18:00 pm on 25 March and will last one hour．Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％ discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20.)
A rescue plan for nature
What do we need to do to restore the planet 's biodiversity and prevent the next pandemic (疫情)？Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．This free event will start at 18:00 pm on 15 April．
Origins of life
Why is the planet the way it is？How did we get here？Does everything happen for a reason or are some things left to chance？Research shows we live in a world driven by chance．In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．This event will start at 19:30 pm on 22 April and will last two hours．Standard ticket price：£18(A 10％ discount for those who buy the ticket before April 17.)
The truth about exercise
Should we all be hitting the gym three times a week？Should we worry about sitting to omuch？If you are strong and fit，can you get away with being inactive？In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．This event will start at 19:00 pm on May 13 and will last one hour，Standard ticket price：£12(A 15％ discount for those who buy the ticket before May 8.)
1．How much should you at least spend on the event about the handshake？
A．£10.2． B．£12． C．£13． D．£16.2．
2．From whom can you learn about the origins of life？
A．Ella Al-Shamahi． B．Cristian Samper．
C．Sean B Carroll． D．Jason Gill．
3．What does the four online talks have in common？
A．They are science-based． B．They are about cultures．
C．They are related to nature． D．They are intended for the young．

I first began experiencing anxiety and depression at age 14 after being bullied at school for years. While at first anxiety and depression would come and go, it eventually became constant part of my life.
I was so set on finding the solution to overcoming it that I tried everything from which I was in college to graduate school: mood-changing medication, special teas, yoga, think I read about in books, and advice given by doctors. Despite this, I still felt I hadn’t even come close to managing the problem.
But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression. The next day, I managed to get a dog — corgi (柯基犬).
However, once the “puppy excitement” went away, my anxiety and depression came back as usual. One morning, I woke up with those familiar feelings again. I didn’t want to get out of bed. I turned to pull the covers back over my head and give up. That’s when I saw my pet—Buddy.
Buddy started jumping all over me, licking (舔) my face, and letting me know that it was time to go outside. It was as if he were saying, “There’s no time to be sad! The world is amazing!” And for the first time in my life, on a day when my anxiety and depression were strong, I got out of bed. I put on my winter clothes and went for a walk in the snow with my new friend. I realized at that moment, walking down the street in winter , my life was changing. I really was a new girl.
Sure, I still have days when I feel down or anxious. But with Buddy by my side, I’ve finally learned how to manage these feelings and emotions.
4．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．The author recovered a little by doing yoga.
B．The author was a school bully (仗势欺人者) for years.
C．The author began to have mental problems after college.
D．The problem-solving ways the author tried didn’t work.
5．How did the author know having a dog might help with her depression?
A．A doctor recommended it to her.
B．She read it in an article by chance.
C．She found it out herself after keeping a corgi.
D．She heard it from some other depression sufferers.
6．What is the author’s attitude towards his problem now?
A．Optimistic. B．Anxious. C．Confused. D．Doubtful.
7．What can be the suitable title for the text?
A．Pet Dogs Can Be the Best Cure
B．Keeping a Dog Benefits Us a Lot
C．Anxiety and Depression Is Dangerous
D．Different Ways to Get Rid of Bad Feelings

A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels. I’m not going to sugarcoat my experience. It takes com mitment and a willingness to change long-held habits. In creating my kitchen, I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old com mon sense； the result, however, has been worth the effort. I’m recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I’m saving money too.
I’m not kidding when I say that I used to really love plastic storage bags, so this was, perhaps, the biggest challenge for me. Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment, but the cos is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $ 100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap. I willcheck online periodically for recycling updates, where a zero-waste box for kitchen items is offered, from party supplies to mixed-materialfood containers.
I’m a clean freak (怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, butit’s easy enough to take old T-shirts ortowels and cutthem up to use to wipe down surfaces. I’m also a fan of bamboo paper towels, which have the look and feel of traditional paper towels, yet are made from a highly renewable source and also break down in just 45 days. Better yet, they can be reused up to 100 times. As for kitchen sponges (海绵擦), I keep an eye out for those made with natural and recyclable materials.
When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent. I’ll let the company know that they should pay more attention to how It is packaging items for delivery.
8．What is the author’s main purpose of creating her kitchen?
A．To save money. B．To reduce waste and recycle more.
C．To change her long-held habits. D．To make it cleaner and more practical.
9．What does the underlined word “sugarcoat” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．M ake attractive. B．Getinterested.
C．Show off. D．Give up.
10．In creating her kitchen, what does the author do?
A．Begins to recycle more single-use plastic bags.
B．Goes through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis.
C．Checks online periodically to buy zero-waste box.
D．Chooses to use the recyclable or reusable kitchen items.
11．What can we learn about the author from the text?
A．She has strong environmental awareness.
B．She is used to traditional paper towels.
C．She has a good knowledge of financialinvestment.
D．She prefers to have her purchases packed in small boxes.

Have you ever wondered if you see the same colours as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They call it "blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn't someone else's red?
The ability to perceive （感知）different colours is up to receptors （接受器）in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then reads these signals to determine which colour light the eyes are receiving.
Some people's receptors are more developed than others. The inability of the receptor to feel the light waves correctly means that some people cannot tell the differences between similar colours. Those with more developed receptors can see more colours. We sometimes hear people having an argument about whether something is dark blue or black. It might be because one person has stronger receptors to feel the light than another.
In the past, most scientists would argue that everyone saw colours in the same way. However, research was conducted on monkeys, in which their receptors were changed. This enabled them to see more colours than usual. Normally monkeys can only see blue and green, but the change allowed them to see red. Their brains automatically got used to new colours. This suggests that our brains may find new colors of the things we see. Colours could be a very personal experience , unique to everyone.
So, the next time you talk about your favourite colour, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you two might actually be thinking about the same colour. What if everyone in the world has the same favourite colour, but just calls it different names?
12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How we perceive colours.
B．The inability to see colours.
C．What the brain does with signals.
D．The connection between receptors and light waves.
13．Which of the following might the author agree with?
A．Some people cannot feel colours with their developed receptors.
B．The more light people feel, the weaker receptors they have.
C．People with poor receptors usually have colour weakness.
D．People who have strong receptors can see dark blue.
14．What's the purpose of conducting the research on monkeys?
A．To test the monkeys with colours.
B．To develop the receptors of humans.
C．To enable monkeys to find more colors.
D．To prove everyone sees colours in a different way.
15．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A film review. B．A science magazine.
C．An art journal. D．A business newspaper.

二、七选五
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line.16．Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” if the answer is no, rewrite and reread.17．
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.18．If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
19．Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 20．At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A.It’s natural that there are some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B.Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C.Everyone was new to the network once.
D.The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E.When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F.You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G.If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.

三、完形填空
Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a 21 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge. They 22 various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was 23 that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more 24 to her than mountain of gold. The books are in every language — new books, ancient books, 25 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for 26 to move the books to a 27 place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands. 28 , she brought books home every night, 29 her car late after work. Her friends came to 30 her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant 31 to hide some books. All through the 32 , Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, 33 them over the seven-foot wall and 34 them in the restaurant. The books stayed hidden as the war 35 . Then nine days laters, a fire burned the 36 to the ground.
One day, the bombing stopped and the 37 left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be 38 again while the city was 39 . So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and 40 peace and a new library.
21．A．meeting B．working C．personal D．religious
22．A．raised B．handled C．reported D．discussed
23．A．worried B．angry C．doubtful D．curious
24．A．practical B．precious C．reliable D．expensive
25．A．then B．still C．even D．rather
26．A．permission B．confirmation C．explanation D．information
27．A．large B．public C．distant D．safe
28．A．Fortunately B．Surprisingly C．Seriously D．Secretly
29．A．starting B．parking C．filling D．testing
30．A．stop B．help C．warn D．rescue
31．A．intended B．pretended C．happened D．agreed
32．A．war B．night C．building D．way
33．A．put B．opened C．passed D．threw
34．A．hid B．exchanged C．burnt D．distributed
35．A．approached B．erupted C．continued D．ended
36．A．restaurant B．library C．city D．wall
37．A．neighbours B．soldiers C．friends D．customers
38．A．sold B．read C．saved D．moved
39．A．occupied B．bombed C．quiet D．busy
40．A．dreamed of B．believed in C．cared about D．looked for

I remember the first day when I saw Sally playing basketball. I watched in wonder as she struggled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. She seemed so 41 , but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her 42 nobody could.
I began to notice Sally at other times, basketball in hand, playing 43 . She practiced dribbling (运球）and 44 over and over.
One day I asked Sally why she 45 so much. Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a 46 . I’m going to play college basketball and I want to be the best one. I believe that if I am 47 enough，I will get one. My father has told me that if the dream is big enough，the facts don’t 48 . ”
I 49 her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her team to 50 . One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting on the grass, her head 51 her arms. Slowly and quietly, I 52 and sat down beside her. “What’s wrong?” I asked. “Oh，nothing,” came a soft reply, “I am just too short. ” The 53 told her that at 165 cm she would probably never play for a top team一still less she would be 54 a scholarship--so she should stop dreaming about college.
I felt she was extremely 55 . I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were 56 . They didn’t understand the 57 of a dream.
The next year, Sally was seen by a college basketball coach after a big game. She was 58 offered a scholarship and 59 to the college team. She was going to get the college education that she had 60 and worked toward for all those years.
It’s true: if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.
41．A．silent B．small C．strong D．huge
42．A．but B．and C．so D．for
43．A．still B．again C．well D．alone
44．A．passing B．running C．shooting D．struggling
45．A．studied B．practiced C．expected D．improved
46．A．title B．prize C．scholarship D．reward
47．A．good B．brave C．careful D．active
48．A．lack B．talk C．appear D．count
49．A．encouraged B．respected C．watched D．helped
50．A．victory B．confidence C．responsibility D．profession
51．A．dropped B．buried C．covered D．sunk
52．A．walked off B．walked out C．walked around D．walked up
53．A．coach B．teacher C．captain D．leader
54．A．suggested B．sent C．promised D．offered
55．A．worried B．excited C．disappointed D．surprised
56．A．great B．wrong C．strict D．cruel
57．A．pressure B．value C．cause D．power
58．A．exactly B．naturally C．really D．normally
59．A．taken B．admitted C．introduced D．appointed
60．A．dreamed of B．picked up C．benefited from D．carried out

四、单项选择
61．It is very hard_______the work in ten minutes.
A．for finishing B．finished C．finishing D．to finish
62．With the little boy_____ the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.
A．led B．to lead C．leading D．leads
63．Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he arrived at the party.
A．had left B．left C．had been left D．leave
64．Tom looks tired because he ________ the house since 9 am.
A．has been cleaning B．cleaned C．has been cleaned D．cleans
65．___________the news, they got excited.
A．To hear B．Hearing C．Heard D．To have heard
66．Seriously _______, she had to be sent to hospital at once.
A．to have injured B．injuring C．injured D．having injured
67．I went to see him, only ________him out.
A．to find B．found C．finding D．founded
68．Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A．lacked B．lacking of C．lacking D．lacked in
69．Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A．run B．running
C．being run D．to run
70． ________ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared

五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（每空至多3词）
The chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State(曾侯乙编钟) is71．unique Chinese ancient instrument. People, near and far, who come to Hubei Museum, can’t wait72．(admire) it with their own eyes.
This ancient Chinese 73．(music) instrument is made up of 65 bronze bells of different sizes, 74．are hung at three levels and divided into 8 groups. All of the bells75．(decorate) with some delicate sculptures(雕刻). When facing the chime-bells, you will find them76．(stand) there silently like rows of warriors, but elegantly like ancient women.
The instrument was usually played for important77．(festival) or great ceremonies, sacrifice, feasts or harvests in ancient times. It was very popular, 78．(particular) during the Warring States Period. The music of High Mountains and Running Water played by the chime-bells 79．(be) amazing. It highly represents the wisdom 80． Chinese people.

六、其他应用文
81．假定你是李华. 你的美国笔友Tom对中国文化有浓厚的兴趣，恰好你校今年寒假将为外国学生举办一场汉语冬令营活动（Chinese Winter Camp），请你给他发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；
3. 报名方式和截止时间.
注意：1. 词数：100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
Here comes a piece of good news.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’I’m looking forward to your early reply!
Yours,
Li Hua


参考答案
1．B
2．C
3．A
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了四个在线演讲的具体内容和活动安排。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％ discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20．)( 标准票价:15英镑(3月20日前购票可享受8折优惠)。)”可知，如果你想了解“握手”方面的活动，你至少需支付：15-15×20%=£12。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段标题“Origins of life ”和“In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．(在这次演讲中，生物学家Sean B Carroll将讲述所有意外之母的故事，以及机遇在我们的生命和世界中的惊人力量。)”可知，从Sean B Carroll那，我们可以得知生命的起源。故选C。
3．
细节理解题。根据第一段“In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．(在这次谈话中，科学家Ella Al-Shamahi检验了触摸的力量，并认为握手至少有700万年的历史。)；第二段“Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．(科学家Cristian Samper讲述了我们对自然的忽视是如何导致这场大流行的，以及我们如何抓住一个独特的机会，更好地重建家园。)；第三段标题“Origins of life ”和“In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．(在这次演讲中，生物学家Sean B Carroll将讲述所有意外之母的故事，以及机遇在我们的生命和世界中的惊人力量。)”和第四段“In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．(在这次谈话中，专家Jason Gill向我们介绍了科学能告诉我们的健康生活所需的运动量。)”可知，这四个在线演讲都是和科学相关的。故选A。

4．D
5．B
6．A
7．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在学校被欺负了很多年之后，第一次在14岁时就开始经历焦虑和抑郁。在一篇文章中作者了解到宠物狗可能是治疗抑郁症的最好方法。
4．
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Despite this, I still felt I hadn’t even come close to managing the problem.”（尽管如此，我仍然觉得我甚至还没有接近处理这个问题）可知，作者尝试的解决问题的方法不起作用。故选D。
5．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression.”（但一天下午，我在杂志上看到一篇文章，说的是狗如何帮助焦虑和抑郁的人。）可知，作者是碰巧在一篇文章中知道养狗可能有助于缓解抑郁症的。故选B。
6．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sure, I still have days when I feel down or anxious. But with Buddy by my side, I’ve finally learned how to manage these feelings and emotions.”（当然，我还是会有沮丧或焦虑的日子。但有巴迪在身边，我终于学会了如何控制这些情绪。）可知，作者现在对他的问题的态度是乐观的。故选A。
7．
主旨大意题。根据第三段“But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression.”（但一天下午，我在杂志上看到一篇文章，说的是狗如何帮助焦虑和抑郁的人。）以及文章大意可知，作者在学校被欺负了很多年之后，第一次在14岁时就开始经历焦虑和抑郁。在一篇文章中作者了解到宠物狗可能是治疗抑郁症的最好方法。可知，宠物狗可能是治疗抑郁症的最好方法。故选A。

8．B
9．A
10．D
11．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者为了减少一次性产品的使用，而建了一个环保厨房，并且改变了自己很多生活习惯，使用更环保的产品。
8．
细节理解题。从文中“A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels.”一年前，作者想要建一个环保的厨房，这样就可减少使用像塑料袋和纸巾这样的一次性产品。由此可知，作者创建厨房的主要目的是减少浪费和更多的循环利用。故选B项。
9．
词义猜测题。从文中“It takes com mitment and a willingness to change long-held habits.”可知，作者建环保厨房，改变一个长期的生活习惯是他自己承诺和心甘情愿地，而并不是让自己的经历变得更有吸引力。所以sugarcoat是使……有吸引力的意思。故选A项。
10．
细节理解题。从文中“I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old com mon sense； the result, however, has been worth the effort. I’m recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I’m saving money too.”可知，在这个厨房里，作者试着使用许多替换产品和一些普通旧的东西，最终他重复使用的次数变多了，而且对一次性产品的依赖越来越少，同时也节省了钱。结合选项，在创建她的厨房时，作者选择了可循环利用或可多次使用的厨房用品，故选D项。
11．
推理判断题。从文中“I’m a clean freak and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, but it’s easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces.”可知，作者曾经习惯每天使用一定数量的纸巾，但是现在作者用旧衣服或者毛巾，而B项是说作者现在习惯使用传统的纸巾，与文章不符合，排除B项；从文中“Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment, but the cos is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $ 100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap. I willcheck online periodically for recycling updates”可知，作者认为改用可重复使用的打包袋来说，虽然也是一种金融投资，但相比之前，至少花100美金来买一次性的塑料袋和包装来说，其成本也比较合理，可见作者并没有很通晓金融投资，故C项错误；从文中“When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent.”可知，作者在网上购物时，会让卖家尽可能用最少的盒子或者最小的盒子来包装他买的东西，作者是根据自己所买东西来确定使用包装盒子的数量和大小，而并不是他偏爱用小盒子包装他的东西，显然D项与原文不符，故D项被排除；而从文中第一段“A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels.”可知作者为了减少一次性产品的使用，而建了一个环保的厨房，所以从文中我们可知作者是一个环保意很强的人，故选A项。
【点睛】
阅读理解里的推理判断题对考生而言相对有一些难度，要求考生在推理前一定要忠于原文，所以在做这类题时，考生一定要先把选项与原文进行匹配，看是否与原文提供信息一致，然后在原文的基础上进行合理推理。如第4小题里选项D，从文中“When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent.”可知，作者在网上购物时，会让卖家尽可能用最少的盒子或者最小的盒子来包装他买的东西，作者是根据自己所买东西来确定使用包装盒子的数量和大小，而并不是他偏爱用小盒子包装他的东西，显然D项与原文不符，故D项错误。

12．A
13．C
14．D
15．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人眼分辨颜色背后的科学。
12．
主旨大意题。根据第二段的首句“The ability to perceive （感知）different colours is up to receptors （接受器）in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then reads these signals to determine which colour light the eyes are receiving( 感知不同颜色的能力取决于我们眼睛里的感受器。光波击中这些感受器，感受器根据光的颜色做出反应，向大脑发送信号。然后大脑读取这些信号，以确定眼睛接收到的是哪种颜色的光。)”可知本段主要讲我们如何感知不同的颜色。故选A。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Those with more developed receptors can see more colours.( 受体更发达的人能看到更多的颜色。)”可知受体发达的人能看见更多的颜色，由此可推知受体不发达的人看到的颜色少，可能存在辨别色彩的障碍。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据第四段首句“In the past, most scientists would argue that everyone saw colours in the same way. ( 在过去，大多数科学家会认为每个人看到颜色的方式都是一样的。)”及后面的转折“However, research was conducted on monkeys, in which their receptors were changed. This enabled them to see more colours than usual. Normally monkeys can only see blue and green, but the change allowed them to see red.”然而，在猴子身上进行的研究发现，它们的受体发生了变化。这使他们能比平时看到更多的颜色。通常猴子只能看到蓝色和绿色，但这种变化让它们看到了红色。可知前后意思是相反的，即对猴子进行研究的目的是证明每个人看颜色的方式不一样。故选D。
15．
推理判断题。本文第一段以一个例子发问引出接下来文章要讨论的主题，故第二段首句“The ability to perceive （感知）different colours is up to receptors （接受器）in our eyes.( 感知不同颜色的能力取决于我们眼睛里的感受器。)”是本文主题，主要讲感知色彩和眼中接收器的关系，故本篇文章可能出现在科普杂志上。故选B。

16．D
17．B
18．F
19．C
20．G
【分析】
本文是议论文，就网上交流给出了一些建议。网上交流也应当遵循一些基本的行为准则，规则其实很简单，用自己想要别人对待自己的方式去对待别人，设身处地想一想别人的感受。
16．
根据上文“there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line”网上有一些应该遵守的行为规则，上文说到要介绍一些网上相处的行为准则，D项说最基本的原则是舍身处地想一想别人的感受，正好是对上文的解释，同时下一句you were in the other person’s shoe你站在别人的立场上，此处照应D项的treat others in the same way用相同的方法对待别人。故选D项。
17．
根据上文If the answer is no, rewrite and reread 如果感觉回答不行可以不断重写重读。B项说直到自己感觉面对别人的时候舒服了，承接上文，B项中的Repeat和上文的rewrite and reread相互照应。故选B项。
18．
根据上文如果有人对你很粗鲁，你的本能是用同样的方式还击，但是不要这么做。F项说这时你可以不理他，或用一个软件屏住他的信息，是对上文有人对你很粗鲁的应对方法，故选F项。
19．
根据下文offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate.当别人问你该如何做如何交流时你应该主动提供意见，C项每个人都曾经是网络的新手，选项中的Everyone was new照应下文的by newcomers，由选项C引出下文。故选C项。
20．
根据上文的Having good manners yourself doesn't give you license to correct everyone else你有礼貌并非你就有权去改正别人的错误，说明改正别人的错误并不是你的权利，G选项如果你决定告诉别人的错误，请有礼貌的指出。G项是对上文怎么改正别人错误的方式进行解释，选项的tell someone about a mistake照应上文的correct everyone else。故选G项。

21．A
22．D
23．A
24．B
25．C
26．A
27．D
28．D
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．B
33．C
34．A
35．C
36．B
37．B
38．D
39．C
40．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Alia Baker是伊拉克图书馆的馆长，当伊拉克爆发战争时，Alia Baker害怕战争会破坏图书，于是向政府求助，在遭到拒绝后，Alia Baker自己用双手一点点把书搬出来，最后在家人、朋友和邻居的帮助下，Alia Baker将书转移到了安全的地方。
21．考查形容词。A.meeting会议的；B.working工作的；C.personal个人的；D.religious虔诚的。根据后文“for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge”,可知图书馆是为那些喜爱书，喜欢分享知识的人而建立的，因此“her library used to be a ___place”她的图书馆是这些人集会、碰面的地方。故选A。
22．考查动词。A.raised举起、抬高；B.handled应付、处理；C.reported报道；D.discussed讨论。根据“They___various matters all over the world”,根据语境，应该是他们讨论世界大事。故选D。
23．考查形容词。A.worried担心；B.angry生气；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.curious好奇的。根据后文“So Alia took matters into her own hands”，Alia用双手搬书，可知“Alia was ___that the fires of war would destroy the books”,Alia担心战火会破坏书。故选A。
24．考查形容词。A.practical实践的；B.precious珍贵的；C.reliable可靠的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据后文“which are more__to her than mountains of gold”,由more可知，是将书与金山作比较，可见书的珍贵性。故选B。
25．考查副词。A.then然后；B.still仍然；C.even甚至；D.rather稍微。根据“a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old”,这本关于伊拉克历史的书已经有了七百年的历史，因此是比较宝贵的，与前面“new books,ancient books”是一种层次上的上升与递进关系。故选C。
26．考查名词。A.permission许可；B.confirmation确认；C.explanation解释；D.information信息。根据“She had asked the government for__to move the books to a__place”,可知她想获得政府的许可，将书转移到安全的地方。故选A。
27．考查形容词。A.large大的；B.public公共的；C.distant遥远的；D.safe安全的。根据“She had asked the government for permission to move the books to a__place”,她想获得政府的许可，将书转移到（ ）的地方。故选D。
28．考查副词。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Surprisingly惊奇地；C.Seriously严重地；D.Secretly秘密地。根据“she brought books home every night”,可知她是在秘密地转移书籍。故选D。
29．考查动词。A. Starting开始；B.parking停车；C.filling装满；D.testing测试。根据“__her car late after work”,可知，在工作之后，她的车都被书装满的。故选C。
30．考查动词。A.stop停止；B.help帮助；C.warn警告；D.rescue营救。根据后文“Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books.”可知，她的朋友们都过来帮她转移书。故选B。
31．考查动词。A. intended 打算；B. pretended假装；C. happened 发生；D. agreed同意。根据“Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books”根据语境分析，Anis同意把书藏在她的饭店里面。故选D。
32．考查名词。 A. war 战争；B. night夜晚C. building 楼房；D. way 方法。根据前文“she brought books home every night,”所以与之相对应“All through the 47 ”，故选B。
33．考查固定词组。A. put放；B. opened 打开；C. passed 通过；D. threw 扔。根据“the seven-foot wall”七英尺高的墙，可知，他们是越过pass over七英尺高的墙。故选C。
34．考查动词。A. hid 隐藏；B. exchanged 交换；C.burnt 燃烧；D. distributed 分发。根据“pass them over the seven-foot wall and 49 them in the restaurant”由and 可知前后两句为并列关系，他们越过七英尺高的墙，把书藏起来。故选A。
35．考查动词。A. approached 接近；B. erupted 爆发；C. continued D. ended 结束。由后文
“Then nine days laters, a fire burned the 51 to the ground.”可知，战争仍在继续。故选C。
36．考查名词。A. restaurant 饭店；B. library 图书馆；C. city 城市；D. wall 墙壁。根据后文“Now Alia waited for the war to end and 55 peace and a new library”可知原来的图书馆已经损毁，所以“a fire burned the 51 to the ground.”战火蔓延到了图书馆。故选B。
37．考查名词。A. neighbours 邻居；B. soldiers 士兵；C. friends 朋友；D. customers 顾客。“the bombing stopped and the 52 lef”，and连接两个并列句，轰炸停止，与之相对应的是，士兵离开了。故选B。
38．考查动词。A. sold 卖；B. read 阅读；C. saved救；D. moved 移动。根据“So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs(郊区)”，可知，她决定要再次移动书。故选D。
39．考查形容词。A. occupied 占据；B. bombed 轰炸；C. quiet 安静的；D. busy 忙的。“the bombing stopped and the soldiers left”根据语境，战争刚结束，城市应该很安静。
40．考查动词词组。A. dreamed of梦想；B. believed in 相信；C. cared about 关心；D. looked for 寻找。根据“Now Alia waited for the war to end and 55 peace and a new library.”可知，她期望和平的到来。故选A。
【名师点睛】
本篇完形填空很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查大做文章的趋势。逐渐侧重于对语篇复现的考查。
如47题，根据前文“she brought books home every night,”可知“All through the 47 , Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library”他们选择晚上转移书籍，故选B。
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。
考点：考查记叙文阅读。

41．B
42．A
43．D
44．C
45．B
46．C
47．A
48．D
49．C
50．A
51．B
52．D
53．A
54．D
55．C
56．B
57．D
58．C
59．B
60．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。一个名叫Sally的女孩通过自己的艰苦的努力终于实现了自己多年来上大学的梦想。
41．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看起来如此的小，但是却成功地在他们头顶上跳投进筐。A. silent 无声的，安静的；B. small 小的；C. strong 强壮的；D. huge巨大的。根据“but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net.”可知，她看起来如此的小。故选B。
42．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：男孩子们总是试图阻止她，但是没有人可以。A. but 但是；B. and 并且；C. so 因此； D. for因为。男孩子们总是试图阻止她，但是没有人可以。前后句子间是转折关系，故用转折连词but，故选A。
43．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我看到她手上拿着球，孤独地打着球。A. still 仍然； B. again 再次；C. well 好的； D. alone孤单地。根据“She practiced dribbling (运球）and ___4___ over and over.”可知，我看到她手上拿着球，孤独地打着球。故选D。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在不停地训练运球和投篮。A. passing 经过； B. running 跑步； C. shooting射击，投篮； D. struggling挣扎。根据“dribbling (运球）”可知，她在不停地训练运球和投篮。故选C。
45．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天我问Sally为什么她训练得这么多。A. studied 学习； B. practiced训练； C. expected 期待；D. improved改善，提高。根据“She practiced dribbling (运球）and ___4___ over and over.”可知，有一天我问Sally为什么她训练得这么多。选B。
46．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sally说她想上大学，唯一的方式就是获得奖学金。A. title 标题； B. prize 奖；C. scholarship 奖学金；D. reward报酬。根据“scholarship”可知，获得奖学金是上大学的一种方式。故选C。
47．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信如果我足够好，我就会得到我想要的。A. good 好的； B. brave 勇敢的；C. careful 小心的； D. active积极的。根据“I want to be the best one.”可知，我相信如果我足够好。故选A。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的爸爸告诉我如果梦想足够大，事实就不重要了。A. lack 缺乏； B. talk 说话； C. appear 出现； D. count重要，要紧。根据“if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”可知，如果梦想足够大，事实就不重要了，这是父亲对Sally的鼓励。故选D。
49．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从初中到高中我一直都在关注着她。A. encouraged 鼓励； B. respected 尊敬； C. watched 观看； D. helped帮助。根据“Every week, she led her team to ___10___ . One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting on the grass, her head ___11___ her arms.”可知，从初中到高中我一直都在关注着她。故选C。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个星期她都带着球队赢得胜利。A. victory 胜利； B. confidence自信；C. responsibility责任； D. profession职业。每个星期她都带着球队赢得胜利。故选A。
51．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看见她坐在草地上，头埋在胳膊里。A. dropped 落下；B. buried 埋葬； C. covered 覆盖；D. sunk下沉。根据“I saw her sitting on the grass”可知，看见她坐在草地上，头埋在胳膊里。故选B。
52．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我走向她并坐她边上。 A.walked off 走开， 离开； B. walked out出走; 退场；C. walked around绕…而走； D. walked up向上走，沿…走去。我，根据“sat down beside her.”可知，我走向她并坐她边上。故选D。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：教练告诉她，165cm永远无法在顶尖球队里打球。A. coach 教练；B. teacher老师；C. captain队长；D. leader领导。根据后文“those coaches”可知，教练告诉她。故选A。
54．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被提供一份奖学金的机会就更少了。A. suggested 建议；B. sent 送；C. promised 承诺；D. offered提供。根据“she would probably never play for a top team”可知，她被提供一份奖学金的机会就更少了。故选D。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到她非常的失望。A. worried 担心的；B. excited 激动的；C. disappointed 失望的；D. surprised吃惊的。根据“I am just too short. ” The ___13___ told her that at 165 cm she would probably never play for a top team一still less she would be ___14___ a scholarship--so she should stop dreaming about college.”可知，我感觉到她非常的失望，故选C。
56．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的爸爸说那些教练是错误的。A. great 伟大的；B. wrong错误的；C. strict 严格的； D. cruel残酷的。根据“they didn’t understand the ___17___ of a dream.”可知，她的爸爸说那些教练是错误的。故选B。
57．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们不理解梦想的力量。A. pressure 压力；B. value 价值；C. cause原因；D. power力量。梦想是有力量的，催人奋进。故选D。
58．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她真地被提供了一份奖学金并且被大学的球队录取了。A. exactly 确实；B. naturally 自然地；C. really 真正地；D. normally正常地; 通常地。根据“offered a scholarship”可知，她真地被提供了一份奖学金。选C。
59．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她真地被提供了一份奖学金并且被大学的球队录取了。A. taken 拿；B. admitted 允许；C.introduced介绍； D. appointed任命，委派。根据“She was ___18___ offered a scholarship”可知，她真地被提供了一份奖学金并且被大学的球队录取了。此处涉及到固定短语：be admitted to：加入；获准做某事。故选B。
60．
考查动词短词义辨析语。句意：她即将去获得她一直梦想的大学教育。A. dreamed of梦想；B. picked up接；C. benefited from从……中获益；D. carried out实施，执行。根据“if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”可知，她即将去获得她一直梦想的大学教育。故选A。
61．D
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：要在十分钟内完成这项工作是很困难的。本句it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故选D。
62．C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有这个小男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那个村庄。本句考查with的复合结构。介词with后的宾语the little boy与lead之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
63．A
【详解】

考查时态。句意：汤姆到达晚会时，大多数客人都走了，这使他很失望。根据句意及句子结构，设空处是that从句的谓语动词，arrive（到达）在when引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，时态为一般过去时，leave（离开）发生在arrive（到达）之前，即“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时态，客人离开，表示主动。故选A。
64．A
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意：Tom看起来很累，因为从上午9时到现在他一直在打扫房间。根据句子结构及句意可知，设空处谓语动词表示动作从上午9时开始，持续到现在，并可能要持续下去，应使用现在完成进行时，主语为第三人称，谓语动词应使用单数。故选A项。
65．B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词做状语，且动词hear(听到)的逻辑主语是主句主语they(他们)，二者之间是主动关系，应用hear的现在分词形式，A选项表示目的性，C选项表示被动，D选项表示目的性，且表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以均不符合，故选B。
66．C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她伤势严重，不得不立即送往医院。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词做状语，其逻辑主语是主句主语she(她)。且二者之间是被动关系，所以应用injure(使受伤)的过去分词形式，A项，B项和D项都是表示主动，均不合适，故选C。
67．A
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我去找他，结果发现他出去了。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作状语，动词find(发现)的逻辑主语是主句主语I(我)。二者之间是主动关系，B项found(发现)是find的过去分词形式，D项founded(建立)是found的过去分词形式，均表示被动，所以排除B项和D项。且由前面的only和句意可知，此处表示出乎意料的结果，应用only to do来表示，故选A。
68．C
【详解】
考查省略句。句意：尽管缺钱，他父母还是设法送他上了大学。分析句子结构可知，逗号前为让步状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，省略了从句主语和be动词，his parents和lack为主动关系，需用现在分词形式，排除A项和D项；lack of意为“缺乏”，该词组中的lack是名词，不能与主语his parents搭配使用；C项中的lack是及物动词，直接加宾语，符合题意。故选C。
69．B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在刷牙的时候，不要一直让水流着。leave sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直不停地做某事，leave使…处于某种状态。宾语water与run之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故B正确。
【点睛】
本题的leave指“使…处于某种状态”；在高中的学习近平时要多积累固定搭配的用法，考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题，尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的。
70．D
【详解】
考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当最大的海洋和整个地球相比时，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大了。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且状语从句中有系动词be的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。如果状语从句中有it is的时候，it is 也可以省略。本句实际上在when后面省略了the biggest ocean is，因为该短语就是后面句子的主语，所以把the biggest ocean is省略了。根据句意the biggest ocean 和比较是被动关系，用过去分词。故选D。

71．a
72．to admire
73．musical
74．which
75．are decorated
76．standing
77．festivals
78．particularly
79．is
80．of
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统乐器曾侯乙编钟的相关内容。
71．
考查冠词。句意：曾侯乙编钟是中国古代一种独特的乐器。根据句意可知，此处表示“中国古代一种独特的乐器”，为泛指，所以用不定冠词，且unique是以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。故填a。
72．
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论远近，来到湖北博物馆的人都迫不及待地要亲自来欣赏它。表示“迫不及待做某事”为can’t wait to do sth.，所以空处为动词不定式。故填to admire。
73．
考查形容词。句意：这个中国古老的乐器是由65个不同大小的铜铃组成，铜铃分三层挂着，分为8组。修饰名词instrument用形容词，musical意为“音乐的”，符合句意。故填musical。
74．
考查定语从句。句意：这个中国古老的乐器是由65个不同大小的铜铃组成，铜铃分三层挂着，分为8组。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词65 bronze bells，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。故填which。
75．
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：所有的钟都装饰着一些精致的雕刻。分析可知，主语All of the bells和decorate之间是被动关系，且描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填are decorated。
76．
考查非谓语动词。句意：当你面对着编钟时，你会发现它们静静地站在那里，像一排排的武士，但又像古代的妇女一样优雅。分析可知，此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，stand和其逻辑主语them之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做宾补。故填standing。
77．
考查名词的数。句意：在古代，这种乐器通常是在重要的节日或庆典、祭祀、宴会或丰收时演奏的。分析可知，festival为可数名词，结合下文的ceremonies可知应用其复数形式。故填festivals。
78．
考查副词。句意：它非常流行，特别是在战国时期。分析可知，空处修饰时间状语during the Warring States Period，所以用particular的副词形式。故填particularly。
79．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：编钟演奏的《高山流水》音乐令人惊叹。分析可知，句子主语为The music，空处为谓语动词，句子表达的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故填is。
80．
考查名词所有格。句意：它高度代表了中国人民的智慧。分析可知，此处表示所属关系，根据句子结构，应该用of所有格。故填of。
81．Dear Tom,
Here comes a piece of good news. Chinese Winter Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this winter vacation. Since you are obsessed with Chinese culture, I'd like to invite you to join it.
The Camp is scheduled to last 11 days, from December 18 to December 28. It covers a wide variety of cultural activities, ranging from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and traditional culture. As we all know, language is closely related to culture, so I'm convinced that you can dig out Chinese cultural features from language study. In addition, the Camp provides a chance for you to visit some famous museums, which is the best way to learn about the country. By admiring the historical relics, you will definitely gain a better understanding of the country.
If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before December 2nd at our school website. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友写一封邀请信，邀请他参加为外国学生举办的一场汉语冬令营活动。
【详解】
词汇积累
参加：join →participate in
各种各样的：a variety of →all kinds of
报告：lecture →speech
相信：be convinced→ believe
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：By admiring the historical relics, you will definitely gain a better understanding of the country.
拓展句：After you admire the historical relics, you will definitely gain a better understanding of the country.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Here comes a piece of good news.（运用了here在句首的全部倒装）
【高分句型2】In addition, the Camp provides a chance for you to visit some famous museums, which is the best way to learn about the country.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）