新人教版必修5高考英语一轮复习Unit5Firstaid课件+学案+训练

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Unit 5 First aid(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　第一组：明其义1．bleed vi.& vt.　　　　 流血2．choke vi.& vt.   (使)噎住；(使)窒息3．tissue n.   (生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸4．essential adj.   最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的5．scissors n．(pl.)   剪刀6．basin n.   盆；盆地7．infection n.   传染；传染病；感染8．label vt.   加标签或标记；分类n.   标签；标记第二组：写其形1．aid n．& vt.   帮助；援助；资助2．barrier n.   屏障；障碍(物)3．organ n.   器官4．vital adj.   至关重要的；生死攸关的5．pour vt.& vi.   倒；灌；注；涌6．ceremony n.   典礼；仪式；礼节7．complex adj.   复杂的8．ambulance n.   救护车9．temporary adj.   暂时的；临时的10．squeeze vt.& vi.   榨；挤；压榨11．unbearable adj.   难以忍受的；不能容忍的12．damp adj.   潮湿的13．firm adj.   (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的 (二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　1．pressure n．压力； 挤压； 压迫(感)→press v．压；按；逼迫2．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.受伤→injured adj.受伤的3．poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的4．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的5．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地6．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的7．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地8．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请(书)9．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地10．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　1．first aid   (对伤患者的)急救2．fall ill   生病3．make a difference   区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用4．over and over again   反复；多次5．act as   担任6．squeeze out   榨出；挤出7．in place   在适当的位置；适当8．prevent ...from ...   阻止……9．put one's hands on   找到10．a knowledge of   懂……；了解……11．a number of    若干；许多 (四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　1．unless引导条件状语从句悟原句Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.背佳句(2018·江苏高考)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 2．be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……”悟原句John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.背佳句I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car. 3．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”悟原句There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.背佳句(2020·浙江1月高考写作)There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills. 1.“成双成对”的个体名词荟萃①scissors　　   剪刀②jeans   牛仔裤③headphones   耳机④trousers   裤子⑤glasses   眼镜⑥chopsticks   筷子2.乐于“帮助”他人①aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助②favour n.   帮助；好意③assist vt.   帮助；协助④assistance n．   帮助；协助⑤support vt.   支持；帮助3.­ure结尾高频名词小结①pressure　 　 压力；挤压②pleasure   乐事；快乐③exposure   暴露；揭发④failure   失败⑤mixture   混合物⑥signature   签名4.fall短语“集中营”①fall ill　　　  生病②fall asleep   睡着；入睡③fall behind   落后④fall down   倒下；跌倒⑤fall off   下降；跌落⑥fall over   跌倒 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·江苏高考)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers (barrier), I wouldn't be where I am.2．(2020·江苏高考)In rural areas, where ambulances (ambulance)can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.3．She complained loudly to the shopkeeper, who answered her mildly (mild)．4．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.5．Don't press me any longer.These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)6．The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their applications.(apply)7．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat)8．We like to live a life full of variety and our tastes are various.(vary)9．He got injured during the football match and the injury was serious.(injure)10．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster.Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)Ⅱ.介、副词填空1．Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out.2．When we visited Paris, my niece acted as our guide and showed us around lots of places of interest.3．This morning, I spent more than an hour collecting all the books, newspapers and other things in my office and then putting them in place.4．The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.5．The new technology was applied to farming.6．Keep everything right where one could put one's hands on it.7．Some students often pour out their trouble to their teachers.8．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the country's future.Ⅲ.选词填空1．fall ill/be illThe teacher ①fell ill suddenly while she was giving class.Since then she has ②been ill for half a year.2．treat/cureThe doctor ①treated his headache with a new drug but didn't ②cure him.Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.               果皮2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.                倒 平底锅 炉子3．You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.                             轻微的；不严重的 4．In addition, new coffee­growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.                            污染；破坏5．Money was tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs.                            拮据；不宽裕6．His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collect her prize.               充满7．I stood there trembling and trying to choke back the tears.  抑制Ⅴ.补全句子1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。(unless)So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 2．如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能掌握英语。(there is no doubt that)If we can do as mentioned above, there is no doubt that we can master English.3．我正在想是否参加这项英语竞赛这时我的英语老师走过来并告诉我这是一个展示才华的好机会。(be doing ... when ...)I was wondering whether to participate in the English competition when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to show my talent. 1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助(1)come to one's aid　　　 帮助某人give sb. first aid   对某人进行急救with the aid of   在……的帮助下(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth.   在(做)某事方面帮助某人aid sb.with sth.   以某事/某物帮助某人aid sb.to do sth.   帮助某人做某事[演绎法练通]　单句语法填空/词汇升级①Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.②With the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term.③He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother to clean (clean) the table, even the furniture.④The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid him in continuing his study.⑤She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not helped her (＝come to her aid)．(升级加蓝词汇)2．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的　单句语法填空/补全句子①What's more, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey (obey) traffic rulers.②As we all know, water is vital to/for keeping every living thing alive, without which the world would be a dead place.③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, it's vital that you should mind your table manners. 此外，重要的是你要注意餐桌礼仪。[归纳法记牢]be vital for/to sth.　　　　　　　　 对……极为重要It is vital that ...(should) do sth.   ……是十分重要的It is vital to do sth.   做某事很重要 3．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待　一语串起He treated us as honored guests, and treated us to a big dinner. We all much appreciated his treat.他把我们当作尊贵的客人，用丰盛的晚餐招待我们。我们十分感激他的热情款待。用法释义(1)treat sb. as ...　　　         把某人当……看待treat sth. seriously             认真对待某事/某物treat sb./oneself to             用……款待某人/自己(2)It's my treat.              我请客。(3)treatment n.               治疗；处理；对待[串联式巧记][针对训练]　单句语法填空①(2018·浙江6月高考)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.②Drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.③Men and women must be treated (treat) equally in education and employment.④(2020·江苏高考)Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment (treat)．[名师指津]　用作动词时，treat通常强调过程，指对病人进行“诊断和治疗”，不一定治好。cure通常强调结果，指“治愈(病人或疾病)”常用于cure sb.of ...。4．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；脚踩vi.申请；请求；使用；有效[辨析法理清]　辨清楚写出下列句中apply的含义①You may apply in person or by letter; either will be OK.申请②At last he applied a little wax polish (蜡油) on the leg.涂；敷③The dog lying on the road, he applied his brake quickly.脚踩④The new discovery may be applied in medicine.应用；运用理明白(1)apply ... to ...　　　 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上apply oneself to       致力于；集中精力于apply to ...           适应/适用……apply (to ...) for ...     (向……)申请……(2)applicant n.       申请人application n.        申请；申请书；适用 [针对训练]　单句语法填空⑤We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.⑥I'd appreciate it if you could take my application (apply) into account at your convenience.根据提示完成下面小语段In order to further my study abroad, I have ⑦applied to four universities for (向四所大学申请……) postgraduate study. As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can ⑧apply to (适合) me.If I succeed, I will ⑨apply myself to (致力于) study, hoping to make contributions to the society.补全句子⑩(2019·全国卷I书面表达)I am writing to apply for the position as a volunteer of the Chinese painting exhibition.我写信是想应聘这次中国画展览的志愿者一职。1．in place在适当的位置；适当(1)out of place　　　　　 不在适当位置；不合适in place of   代替；取代in the first place   首先；第一点(2)take place   发生；举行take one's place   就座；代替take the place of   代替；取代[演绎法练通]　根据语境选用place的短语填空/词汇升级①You'd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.②Some of these books are out of place, making the whole room messy.③Mary took the place of Tom to arrange the meeting which would take place in the company.④Firstly (＝In the first place), with a good command of English, I'm quite qualified for the job.(升级加蓝词汇)2．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用(1)make a difference to　　 对……起作用/有影响make some/no/little difference (to ...)   (对……)有些/没作用或影响(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...)   辨别/区分(……与……)[演绎法练通]　单句语法填空/补全句子①What you have said will make no difference to the naughty boy.②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them.③Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in our life.只有言行一致我们才能在生活中产生影响。3．be doing ...when ...　[教材原句]　 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。 用法规则(1)be doing ...when ... 表示“正在做……这时……”。(2)be about to do ...when ...表示“正打算做……这时……”。(3)be on the point of doing ...when ...表示“正要做……这时……”。(4)had just done ...when ...表示“刚做完……这时……”。注意事项when 为并列连词，表示“这时，突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。 [针对训练]　补全句子/句型转换①Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。②I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷铃就响了。③I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.→I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on. 一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空 1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly (firm) rooted.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In some cases, it's not so much the treatment (treat) of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off­set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.　3．(2020·浙江7月高考)However, a variety (various)of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama.4．(2020·江苏高考)The WHO­China Joint Mission on COVID­19 held a press conference in Beijing.5．(2020·江苏高考)BBC poured (pour) tons of efforts into these films. All these efforts made the inaccessible things about China easily understood by the foreign audience.6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital to me, so I cannot keep the appointment.7．(2016·四川高考)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections (infect)．8．(2013·陕西高考)Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.(二)高考中的阅读理解熟词生义①(2017·江苏高考)He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. 盆②(2014·北京高考)I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.障碍物词类活用①(2012·天津高考)If you are involved in an accident，you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.n.帮助②(2010·广东高考)Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.vt.毒害生词僻义①(2018·北京高考)Also, sometimes pre­anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.暂时的②(2015·浙江高考)Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.标签；标记 (三)高考中的完形填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard­earned.In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to   51   what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.A．add　　　　　　　　 B．exposeC．apply  D．compare解析：选C　联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。add ... to ... “把……添加到……”；expose ... to ... “使……暴露在……”；compare ... to ... “把……比作……”。2．(2017·北京高考)In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of praises.For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.But through all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a   55   in the world.You can, too!A．choice  B．profitC．judgement  D．difference解析：选D　汉纳是通过努力改变世界的年轻人之一。make a difference“使变得不同”。3．(2013·北京高考)Lola doesn't want to be   48   differently from the other girls on her team.At competitions, the judges don't know about her vision problems.She doesn't tell them, because she doesn't think they need to know.Her mom is amazed by her positive attitude.A．greeted  B．treatedC．served  D．paid解析：选B　下一句提到在比赛时裁判都不知道她的眼睛有问题，由此可知她不想在比赛中被区别“对待”。(四)高考中的写作1．(2019·北京高考书面表达)通过这次活动，我相信劳动才是最重要的，每个人的小小努力都能给我们的社会带来巨大的改变。(make a difference)Through the activity, I believe that it is labor that matters a lot and that small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference to our society.2．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)我父亲想带我去度假，以前从来没有过。(treat)My dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.3．(湖北高考短文写作)如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。(vital)If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we (should) begin with small things.4．(陕西高考书面表达)我写信是想申请学生志愿者这个职位。(apply)I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer. 5．(北京高考书面表达)今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。(be doing ...when ...)This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇①rescue　 □②breath   □③relieve   □④heal   □⑤dizzy   □　　　　　⑥conscious　 □⑦infected   □⑧injured   □⑨abnormal   □⑩shock   □　　　　　⑪pill　　　　 □⑫clinic   □⑬capsule   □⑭depression   □⑮operation   □　　　　　⑯fall ill　　　　　　 □⑰keep calm   □⑱be allergic to   □⑲be advised to   □⑳take the medicine   □[练中巩固]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The doctor told him that the medicine and rest would soon heal (治愈) his wound.2．In addition to the school, the village has a clinic (诊所), which was also built with government support.3．He was suffering from exposure and shock (休克) but his condition was said to be stable.4．Rescue (救援) workers tried to free him by cutting away part of the car.5．The doctor advised me to take a capsule (胶囊) this morning.6．In actual fact, depression (抑郁症) affects not only the mind but also the body.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．A fit of dizziness (dizzy) came over her so she had to lie down. 2．It's reported that a great number of people were rescued (rescue) from under the ruins yesterday.3．The robber knocked him unconscious (conscious), and when he came to himself he was lying alone in the dark.4．The number of people infected (infect) with HIV may reach 50 million by 2020 unless effective measures are taken to prevent the spread of the disease.5．British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11,000 operations (operate), mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots.6．First aid treatment consists of pressure on the wound and mouth­to­mouth breathing (breathe) that can last for several hours.7．The injured (injure) were taken good care of when he came there.8．But soon, she came back with a bottle of pills (pill)．Ⅲ.补全句子1．First aid is very essential to life, especially when people suddenly fall ill or get injured. 在生活中，急救非常重要，特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。2．In time of danger, you must keep calm to solve the problem.危急时刻，你应该保持镇静以解决问题。3．She was advised to take the medicine every four hours.建议她每四小时服一次药。4．She was allergic to that food, which is why she felt dizzy.她对那种食物过敏，所以感到头晕。5．Seeing she lying on the ground, unconscious, we call 120 immediately.看到她躺在地上，不省人事，我们立即拨打120。 [单元主题语篇训练]AChildren really need to know some basic first aid skills. This is true whether your child is four or fourteen. So what should you teach your children?Calling for helpOnce your child reaches the age of four, he should know all about calling 911 in the event of an emergency. Explain all about what a real emergency is. For example, he should call 911 if an adult asks him to, if an adult passes out and cannot be woken, if there is a fire and he can't find an adult, or if people are hurt.As I am typing this, I just realized that although my kids are taught about 911, the telephones in the house are out of reach for all but my oldest child (to prevent the other two from playing with the phone). Don't make this mistake yourself, or your children wouldn't get in touch with the police in time.Cuts and scrapes (擦伤)Teach children about basic care for cuts and scrapes. In my house, the kids all know that cuts must be cleaned and know where the bandages are. They also know how to put pressure on a cut to make it stop bleeding. Of course they should ask an adult for help, but they should also know a bit about self care. Believe it or not, I had to help a teenage neighbor once who had no idea what to do when he cut his hand on broken glass. He just ran around in a circle.BurnsTell your child that if he ever gets a burn, he should immediately call for help and then run the cool but not cold water for the burn. Getting a burn cooled down quickly can reduce the damage to the skin. This is important if no adult is with your child when a burn occurs.语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章主要讲述父母该如何教孩子们一些急救措施。1．What does the underlined part “this mistake” refer to?A．Letting kids play with the phone.B．Stopping kids from using the phone.C．Not telling kids to call 911.D．Keeping the phone out of kids' reach.解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“... are out of reach for all but my oldest child”可知，画线部分是指不让小孩接触电话这一错误。2．What does the  example of the author's teenage neighbor mainly tell us?A．Getting help is very important.B．Even teenagers can cut their hands.C．Not all teenagers are good at self care.D．We should be prepared to help others.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Believe it or not ... just ran around in a circle.”可知，这个例子表明有些青少年还不知道怎么采取急救措施来照顾好自己。3．What should we do if we get a burn?A．Look for the bandages.B．Put some ice on the burn.C．Cool the burn under water.D．Wait for rescuers patiently.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据末段的“... run the cool but not cold water for the burn”可知应选C项。4．What's the text mainly for?A．Kids.　　　　　 B．Parents.C．Teachers.  D．Students.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“Once your child”“Teach children”以及“Tell your child”可知本文是针对父母写的。BIt only took four hours of their time — but the parent and baby first aid course that Susan and Neale Blomley attended enabled them to save their baby daughter's life.As they prepared for the birth of their twins last year, expectant parents Susan and Neale Blomley took part in a Red Cross parent and baby first aid course. Just a few months later they were faced with every parent's nightmare (噩梦), when one of their four­week­old twin babies suddenly stopped breathing.Susan, from Dibden in Southampton, recalled：Emma and Lucy both had very bad coughs with lots of mucus (粘液) and running noses. They were trying to start coughing but they were so young and didn't have enough cough reflexes (反射动作). Then Emma stopped breathing — it was as if she was holding her breath. “She started to go blue from the forehead down. At first we felt panicky, then the training just kicked in. Neale used his hand to support Emma's head, then leaned her right forward and slapped (拍) her back. She continued trying to cough and suddenly started breathing again. We were so relieved — it was an awful moment.”Although the couple had previously taken a standard first aid course, they signed up for the parent and baby first aid training because, as Susan explained: “We were concerned that if anything did happen to the babies while we were at home, we weren't sure of what we needed to do differently from adult first aid. The course was easy to pick up. It was a relaxing atmosphere, which helps learning.”Looking back on the terrifying incident, Susan said：“It felt quite natural to do it. Having been shown how to deal with such a situation at the first aid course — and having had plenty of practice on the plastic dummy (人体模型) — we felt we had the experience to know what to do.”“Our story is proof that just a few simple first aid skills can make a difference. Having the proper skills — and the confidence to use them — saved our baby's life.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一对参加过幼儿急救课程的父母用课堂所学急救知识救了自己的孩子。5．What can be learned about Emma and Lucy when the incident happened?A．They broke their noses.B．They were breathing fast.C．They kept kicking their legs.D．They couldn't let out a cough.解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“They were trying to start coughing but they were so young and didn't have enough cough reflexes(反射动作)．”可知，孩子们咳不出来，导致不能呼吸。6．What can be learned about Susan and Neale?A．They became parents last year.B．They were both very quick learners.C．They got a fright when the baby stopped breathing.D．They took the parent and baby first aid course twice.解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“At first we felt panicky”可知，夫妻俩受到了惊吓。7．What can be inferred about the couple?A．They have a spirit of adventure.B．They have a relaxed attitude to life.C．They have a strong sense of responsibility.D．They want to make a difference to the world.解析：选C　推理判断题。由第四段中的“We were concerned that if anything did happen to the babies while we were at home, we weren't sure of what we needed to do differently from adult first aid”可知，夫妻俩责任感很强。8．What's the best title for the text?A．Neale and Susan's storyB．Sign up for first­aid coursesC．Four­week­old twins' crucial momentD．Four­hour first­aid course saved baby's life解析：选D　标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是一对参加过幼儿急救课程的父母用课堂所学急救知识救了自己的孩子，D项作标题概括全面。CThe ancient city of Chichén Itzá in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures — the Maya.But today, no one lives there.It is only a group of old buildings.However, people from around the world still come to see it.People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.The Mayan culture began almost 3,000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America.But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itzá invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.They named the city Chichén Itzá， which means “mouth of the well of the Itzá”．The most interesting structure in Chichén Itzá is the Pyramid of Kukulcan (库库尔坎金字塔)，whose four sides all come together at one point at the top.Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps.And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid.The steps are as many as the days of a year.Some researchers believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops.Each day the sun falls on a different step of the pyramid, which could be a way to follow the year.The documents showed that the people of Chichén Itzá especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets. Researchers say that the observatory (天文台) is one of the most complex structures the Maya built.A set of steps go up and around the observatory tower.And there are windows in the tower.Each window has a purpose. Researchers believe that a person looking through one of these windows can see particular stars on particular dates.The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.Chichén Itzá is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an important part of the world's history.Get interested? Then pay a visit to it to find more remains!语篇解读：文章对世界文化遗产之一的玛雅文化遗址——奇琴伊察进行了详细的介绍。9．Visitors came to the city of Chichén Itzá to         .A．view its beautiful sceneryB．experience and explore the Mayan cultureC．study and observe other stars on the observatoryD．learn something about when to plant crops解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“People come to learn about its ancient culture, the cultural features of the Mayan people.”可知，游客们来到奇琴伊察是为了体验和探索玛雅文化。10．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itzá”？A．Because wells can be seen in or around the city.B．Because it is large in size.C．Because the city is newly built.D．Because its location is vital.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But about 1,000 years ago a group called the Itzá invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.”可知，入侵者之所以给它起这个名字，是因为这座城市到处可以看到天然井。所以选A项。11．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.B．To persuade readers to pay a visit.C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichén Itzá.D．To present the development of the Mayan construction.解析：选B　写作意图题。本文对玛雅文化遗址进行了详细的介绍，并且根据最后一段可知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观。所以选B项。tips 分析文章结构，攻克写作意图题写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解文章中的文字表述、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者的写作意图。例如上文第11小题。本文先介绍世界各地的游客参观玛雅遗址，又介绍了它的古代文化和成就，最后一段推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观，此时文章的写作目的也就一目了然了，是为了推荐读者去玛雅文化遗址参观。