新人教版高考英语必修1一轮复习Unit5NelsonMandela_amodernhero课件+学案+训练

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero

 (一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形　

第一组：明其义

1．mean adj.　　　　　　　　 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的

2．generous adj.   慷慨的；大方的

3．easy­going adj.   随和的；温和宽容的

4．selfless adj.   无私的；忘我的

5．release vt.   释放；发行

6．principle n.   法则；原则；原理

7．mankind n.   人类

8．leap n.   飞跃；跳跃

9．warm­hearted adj.   热心肠的

10．quote n.   引用语；语录

第二组：写其形

1．quality n.   质量；品质；性质

2．opinion n.   意见；看法；主张

3．found vt.   建立；建设

4．hopeful adj.   怀有希望的

5．youth n.   青年；青年时期

6．stage n.   舞台；阶段；时期

7．vote vt.& vi.   投票；选举

n.   投票；选票；表决

8．attack vt.   进攻；攻击；抨击

9．willing adj.   乐意的；自愿的

10．unfair adj.   不公正的；不公平的

11．escape vi.& vt.   逃脱；逃走；避开

12．beg vi.   请求；乞求

13．relative n.   亲戚；亲属

14．reward n.   报酬；奖金

vt.   酬劳；奖赏

15．sentence vt.   判决；宣判

 (二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用　

1．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动

2．devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚

3．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦

4．guidance n．指导；领导→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导

5．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地

6．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地

7．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家

8．cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的

(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用　

1．out of work　　　 　 失业

2．as a matter of fact   事实上

3．blow up   使充气；爆炸

4．in trouble   在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

5．turn to   求助于；致力于

6．lose heart   丧失勇气或信心

7．come to power   当权；上台

8．set up   设立；建立

9．be sentenced to   被判处……(徒刑)

10．be willing to do sth.   愿意做某事

11．be in prison   蹲监狱

12．in one's opinion   在某人看来

 (四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用　

1．拟人修辞手法

2．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句式

3．the first time “第一次……”，引导时间状语从句

1.“奖；奖赏”家族

①reward vt.  酬劳；奖赏

n.   报酬；奖金

②award vt.   授予；奖给

n.   奖品；奖金

③prize n.   奖金；奖品

④bonus n.   奖金；红利

⑤bounty n.   奖金；赏金

2.“人物性格”形容词全扫描

①generous　　　 慷慨的

②mean   吝啬的

③devoted   忠实的

④easy­going   随和的

⑤warm­hearted   热心肠的

⑥active   积极的

⑦energetic   有活力的

3.“in＋n.(抽象名词)”面面观

①in trouble　　 在困境中

②in danger   处于危险中

③in return   作为回报

④in detail   详细地

⑤in order   井然有序

⑥in power   当权

4.“动词＋to”短语聚焦

①turn to　　 求助于

②object to   反对

③refer to   谈到；涉及

④point to   指向

⑤belong to   属于

⑥stick to   坚持；忠于

⑦see to   处理；料理

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．(2020·江苏高考)For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity (active)．

2．(2020·江苏高考)He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education (educate) at Worcester College for the Blind.

3．Under our teacher's careful guidance (guide), we finished our homework in advance.

4．The man should be condemned for his cruelty (cruel) to his wife.

5．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (violent) is shown on television.

6．Kenya is known to be a peaceful country. It's been a model of peace in Africa.(peace)

7．He devoted his life to his work, and his devotion to his job is admired by everyone, including some of his devoted friends.(devote)

8．All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)

Ⅱ.介、副词填空

1．(2020·天津7月高考)At the end of the ceremony, a video about our schoolmates' fighting against COVID­19 was released for us to watch, which moved us deeply.

2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.

3．He set up his own business after he graduated from university.

4．I knew we were in trouble when the elevator stopped.

5．In my opinion, it is about time that we had new computers.

6．I'd like to thank my friend, who's been very generous with his time.

7．The enemy had planned to blow up the bridge, but failed at last.

8．When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.

9．I don't expect anything in reward; I did it because I enjoyed it.

10．As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.

Ⅲ.选词填空

1．come to power/in power

①By the time he came to power in 1951 he was already seventy.

②The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education.

2．the first time/for the first time

①He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the first time he attended his class.

②I visited Hangzhou for the first time this summer.

Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义

1．It's against my principles to accept gifts from clients. 原则

2．Big cities can be lonely places if you have no friends or relatives there.              亲戚

3．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.                            被遗忘

4．This was a frightening disease that attacked the central nervous system.损害

5．①Missing the bus means waiting for another hour. 意味着

②—Why haven't you bought any butter?

—I had meant to, but I forgot about it.  意欲；打算

③As far as I know, he is mean with his money.               自私的；吝啬的

④It is mean to speak ill of others.  卑鄙的

Ⅴ.补全句子

1．在我看来，网上投票是现代生活中不可分割的一部分。(opinion)

In my opinion, online voting is an inseparable part of modern life.

2．我们需要积极参加各种体育运动，注意心理健康。(active)

We need to take an active part in all kinds of sports, and pay attention to mental health.

3．清华大学创建于1911年，是中国最好的大学之一。(found)

Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.

4．我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。 (the first time)

I was very nervous the first time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.

5．这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。(This is a time when)

This was a time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.

6．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。 (see)

The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.

7．只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系，从不与他们联系是多么地傻。(部分倒装)

Only then did I realize how foolish I was to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.

1．devote vt.献身；专心于

[演绎法练通]　

单句语法填空

①Society even praises “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our devotion (devote) to work and family.

②You can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.

句式升级

③The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children, so she has little time to care for her own daughter.

→Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)

→Devoted to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语)

补全句子

④(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If I am chosen, I will devote myself to being a qualified volunteer.

如果我被选中，我将努力成为一名合格的志愿者。

 [联想发散]　devote ...to ...中的“to”是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似短语有：

adapt ...to ...　　　 使适应；使配合

adjust ...to ...   调节……以适应

addict ...to ...   使……对……上瘾

apply ...to ...   把……应用于……

attach ...to ...   把……附在……上

2．equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物

　[辨析法理清]

[针对训练]　

单句语法填空

⑤Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.

⑥My deskmate doesn't equal me in English, but her physics is better.

一句多译

尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。

⑦Young as he was, John was equal to the important task. (equal)

⑧Although he was young, John was fit for the important task. (fit)

⑨Young as he was, John was qualified for the important task. (qualified)

3．escape v．& n．逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露；被遗忘

[辨析法理清]

[针对训练]　

单句语法填空

④To their relief, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.

⑤That was a narrow escape all right when our car turned over!

⑥He escaped being killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.

一句多译

你很幸运地逃过了惩罚。

⑦You are lucky to escape punishment.(escape sth.)

⑧You are lucky to escape being punished.(escape doing sth.)

4．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏

[演绎法练通]　

单句语法填空

①(2016·北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.

②You mentioned that you could teach me English as a reward, which is exactly what I want.

③(2020·浙江7月高考)It is rewarding (reward) to try new things.

一句多译

(2019·北京高考书面表达)我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。

④I' m more than willing to show you around Beijing as a reward for your generous help.(as)

⑤I' m more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help.(in)

1．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

[演绎法练通]　

单句语法填空

①As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.

②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.

③Thanks for the trouble you have taken to help (help) us.

④You can't imagine the trouble I had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.

2．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；查阅；转向

[辨析法理清]

[针对训练]　选用上述短语填空

⑤(2020·浙江7月高考)A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.

⑥(2020·江苏高考)Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.

⑦Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

⑧Provided that he doesn't agree to help us, who should we turn to?

3．拟人修辞手法

　[教材原句]　The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ...

过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步……

[用法规则]

(1)see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。

(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。

[针对训练]　

单句语法填空

①The city saw (see) a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr King was shot to death in 1968.

②The year 1949 witnessed (witness) the founding of the People's Republic of China.

补全句子

③As I know, this stadium has seen many thrilling football games.

据我所知，在这座体育场里进行过许多激动人心的足球比赛。

4．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句式

　[教材原句]　...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

[针对训练]　

单句语法填空

①Only then did I realize how important such a little thing as cleaning the house was.

②Only by understanding and learning from each other can we spend (spend) those beautiful days together happily.

补全句子

③Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a harmonious society.

只有我们认识到相互帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于构建和谐社会。

5．the first time引导时间状语从句

　[教材原句]　I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.

第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。

[针对训练]　

对比填空：the first time/for the first time

①He received warm welcome the first time he performed on the stage.

②How should we behave when we meet someone for the first time?

补全句子

③Each time the film star visits our city, he receives a warm welcome from his fans.

每次这位电影明星来访问我们城市时，他都会受到影迷的热烈欢迎。

一、在考题集训中查验单元语基

(一)高考中的语法填空

1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully (hopeful) presents.

2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)There are usually no planned activities (active) like games at a housewarming party.

3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) Highlights (精彩之处) include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful (peace) temples.

4．(2020·江苏高考)The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder (found) of LoveFone.

5．(2020·浙江7月高考)To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance (guide) play, a radio play and a television play.

6．(2020·浙江1月高考)Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education (educate)．

7．(2015·安徽高考)When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone.

8．(2014·广东高考)Kindness can build on itself as much as violence (violent) can.

(二)高考中的阅读理解

(三)高考中的完形填空

1．(2020·天津7月高考)He convinced the police department to allow him to   26   a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that read: “HAPPY TO CHAT”．

A．put away　　　　　　　　　 B．make out

C．tear apart  D．set up

解析：选D　根据空后的“Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches”可知，这里指他说服公安部门允许他在公园里设置聊天长椅。

2．(2019·浙江6月高考)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.And that's precisely why one garbage­eating Frenchman has caught our attention.

Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded (丢弃) food.The three­month, 1,900­mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's   39   of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.

A．purpose　　　　　　 B．way

C．opinion  D．dream

解析：选B　由选文第一段第一句“There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.(引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式)”可知，从巴黎到华沙，历时三个月，骑行1 900英里，这就是Dubanchet引起欧洲和世界对食物浪费这一现象的关注的方式(way)。purpose“目的”；opinion“观点”；dream“梦想”。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)More than that，I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which   45   I would be learning from one of the game's best. I could hardly wait to meet him.

A．urged  B．demanded

C．held  D．meant

解析：选D　国际象棋课程的导师是一位国际象棋大师，这就意味着(meant)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人之一学习。urge“催促，极力主张”；demand “(坚决)要求”；hold “抓住，使保持”。

4．(2015·浙江高考)On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind, many had a last drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and moved out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine   25   a college year's monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.

A．shared  B．paid

C．equaled  D．collected

解析：选C　本句的意思是：他们在餐馆里订餐，那里一瓶酒的花费相当于大学时一个月的房租。share“分享”；pay“付钱”；equal“等于，相等”；collect“收集”。根据句意可知C正确。

(四)高考中的写作

1．(2020·江苏高考书面表达)只有你看完这些有关中国历史的纪录片你才能体验中国的悠久历史。(倒装句)

Only after you have seen these documentaries about China can you experience its long history.

2．(2020·天津5月高考书面表达)面对困难，我没有丧失信心。最终，我在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。(lose heart)

Faced with difficulties, I didn't lose heart. At last I have made great progress in English.

3．(2016·浙江6月高考书面表达)有了勇气和毅力，我确实进步很快。(强调谓语动词)

With bravery and perseverance, I did make rapid progress.

二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇

①admire　　 □

②actively   □

③gifted   □

④ambitious   □

⑤talented   □　　

⑥dutiful　　　 □

⑦optimistic   □

⑧energetic   □

⑨strict   □

⑩determined   □　　

⑪cheerful　　　 □

⑫gentle   □

⑬intelligence   □

⑭distinction   □

⑮willing   □　　

⑯thoughtful　　　　　　　 　 □

⑰forgetful   □

⑱lie in   □

⑲be enthusiastic about   □

⑳make great achievements in   □

[练中巩固]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful (有思想的) woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.

2．(2020·浙江1月高考)It didn't take long before the two played around the house, cheerfully (欢乐地) running after each other.

3．(2020·天津5月高考)However, later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone's admiration (赞赏), I found that mixed in with my embarrassment was a touch of pride.

4．(2020·天津5月高考)The company is willing (乐意的) to bring in the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs.

5．(2020·天津7月高考)I've heard that you are a talented/gifted (有天赋的) young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.

2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious (ambition) yet simpler time.

3．It's cheerful (cheer) that the new bridge has been finished two months ahead of schedule.

4．If you want to lose weight, you'd better diet strictly (strict)．

5．We are determined (determine) to carry out the plan if you have no objection.

6．It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively (active) involved in class, and review what had been taught in class.

7．As far as I'm concerned, he is one of the most talented (talent) students in our class.

8．There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent (intelligence), fails.

9．They were both dutiful (duty)and attentive sons, and were regular in their visits to their parents.

10．She worries because her mother's getting very forgetful(forget)．

Ⅲ.补全句子

1．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.

由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大成就。

2．His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates to help others.

他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人他从不犹豫。

3．She was quite optimistic and energetic. She brought me a lot of happiness and courage. I learned something precious from her — belief in life.

她非常乐观有活力。她给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。我从她身上学到了一些宝贵的东西——要对生活有信心。

4．Many people around the world admire China for its great contributions to the world peace.

世界各地的许多人钦佩中国对世界和平所做的巨大贡献。

5．My foreign teacher is enthusiastic about both teaching and physical exercise.

我的外教老师对教学和体育锻炼都很热情。

[单元主题语篇训练]　

Ⅰ.完形填空

I am the only person who has reached senior middle school in my family.So, I am the “best educated”. But I also used to be the most   1   because I never thought about my manners.As a busy  2  ， I always come home from school late.When I get home at   3  ， it is time for my meal.After eating, I go to school again.But one day, when I was ready to go to school after lunch as usual, Dad stopped me.“Could you   4   me some time？” he asked，“just one   5  .” I looked at the time and found I didn't have much time left.“OK, Dad, but please make it   6  .” “All right, I know you are   7  ， so I will just ask you two questions.Could you   8   how many things you have done for our   9  ？ And, could you tell me how often you say hello to your family members when you get home？”

That day, when I was at   10  ， I thought about the questions without understanding why Dad had   11   asked them.Then, my friend, a girl from a rich family, asked me what was   12   me.I told her.After listening, she laughed. “Hey! That's nothing   13  ！ You know, I never do anything or say hello to anybody when I am at home, either.” Then she added, “As far as I know, 90 percent of our   14   have never done these things.” Really? At that moment, I   15   why my dad had asked me those questions.It was because it is good   16   to say hello to your family.However, most of us students don't know, or even   17   this.How sad we are! I finally realized how I should answer my dad's questions.First, I would do all those things that are called good manners.Second, I would   18   my classmates to be aware of their manners as soon as possible.That night I told these things to Dad. “Good，” he said, “Better late than never.” The next afternoon, when I got home, I saw Mum in the kitchen cooking. “Hi, Mum, I'm   19  ，” I said.She looked at me and gave me a big   20  .

语篇解读：作者是家里受教育程度最高的人，但他对家人却很冷淡。一天，父亲的两个问题让他意识到他的错误：不向家人问好是一种无礼的行为。于是，他改变了。

1．A.shy　　　　　　　　　 B．impolite

C．angry  D．anxious

解析：选B　根据空后的“because I never thought about my manners”和下文可知，我曾经是最没有礼貌的。故选B。

2．A.senior student  B．shop assistant

C．school teacher  D．housewife

解析：选A　根据“I always come home from school late”可知，我是个忙碌的高中学生。故选A。

3．A.time  B．night

C．noon  D．spare time

解析：选C　根据下文的“But one day, when I was ready to go to school after lunch as usual”可知此处要填noon，表示中午回到家。故选C。

4．A.spend  B．take

C．spare  D．lend

解析：选C　根据下文可知，父亲问我是否能抽出一点时间。故选C。

5．A.thing  B．hour

C．question  D．minute

解析：选D　根据“I looked at the time and found I didn't have much time left.”，再联系上下文可知父亲问我是否能抽出一分钟的时间，故选D。

6．A.easy  B．happy

C．quick  D．simple

解析：选C　根据上一句“I looked at the time and found I didn't have much time left.”可知，我剩下的时间不多了，让父亲快点。故选C。

7．A.impolite  B．polite

C．patient  D．busy

解析：选D　此处是说，父亲知道我很忙，因此就问两个问题。故选D。

8．A.look about  B．make sure

C．find out  D．take out

解析：选C　此处是父亲问我的第一个问题：你弄清楚了你为我们这一家人做了多少事情吗？find out“弄清楚”，故选C。

9．A.family  B．members

C．house  D．promise

解析：选A　参见上题解析。

10．A.bed  B．school

C．table  D．home

解析：选B　上文说到，我吃过午饭要去上学时父亲问了我两个问题，此处应该是我回到了学校。be at school“在学校”，故选B。

11．A.suddenly  B．obviously

C．clearly  D．simply

解析：选A　根据上下文可知，我没有想到父亲会突然问我这样的问题，故A项符合语境。

12．A.surprising  B．paining

C．puzzling  D．delighting

解析：选C　我不明白父亲为什么会问这样的问题，朋友问我是什么让我迷惑不解。puzzle“使迷惑”，故选C。

13．A.dangerous  B．normal

C．valuable  D．important

解析：选D　从后一句“You know, I never do anything or say hello to anybody when I am at home, either.”可知，我的朋友认为不问候家人不是件重要的事情。故选D。

14．A.family  B．class

C．neighbor  D．town

解析：选B　朋友又说，我们班有90%的同学不做这些事(问候家人)。根据语境可知选B。

15．A.wondered  B．understood

C．knew  D．noticed

解析：选B　听了朋友的话，我明白了父亲为什么要问我这样的问题。故选B。

16．A.way  B．exercise

C．chance  D．manners

解析：选D　it is good manners to do sth.“做某事是有礼貌的”，固定搭配。故选D。

17．A.think about  B．care about

C．call for  D．hunt for

解析：选B　此处是说，我们大部分学生不知道甚至不在意这一切。care about“关心，在乎”，故选B。

18．A.force  B．remind

C．allow  D．ask

解析：选B　我应当提醒我的同学尽快地意识到他们的举止，而不是强迫、允许或要求。故选B。

19．A.home  B．late

C．sorry  D．hungry

解析：选A　上一句的“when I got home”呼应此处的空缺：我回到家问候妈妈“Hi, Mum, I'm home.”故选A。

20．A.cake  B．suggestion

C．smile  D．chance

解析：选C　妈妈看着我，冲我开心地笑了。give sb.a smile“对某人微笑”，故选C。

tips 完形填空之利用前后语境解题

近几年高考英语完形填空的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。

例如上文第3题，根据下文的“But one day, when I was ready to go to school after lunch as usual”可知第3题要填noon，表示中午回到家。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Have you ever noticed that when your friend likes something, you like it, too. It's the situation of “Love me, love my dog.”   1   A new study has found that friends can affect each other in both positive and negative ways.

Smoking can be influential among friends. 15 years ago, it seemed that everyone I knew smoked.   2   Smoking is forbidden in offices, restaurants, and other public places. Smokers and nonsmokers don't hang out with each other as much. So, if you're a smoker, keep in mind that if you quit, your friends are likely to follow suit. And if you don't smoke, be nice to that guy in the office smoking outside. Maybe you can pass your healthy habit to him.

Donation can be affected by friends.  3   In one Stanford study of a corporate donation program to the United Way, people gave more money when their desks were closer to those of bigger donors. And now, the new study shows how being generous to good friends can set off a domino (多米诺) effect.

  4   Experts have found that having a first­degree friend who is happy increases your possibility of happiness by 15 percent. If that friend lives less than a mile away, the effect goes up to 25 percent. When you have a third­degree friend who is happy, your possibility of being happy increases by a larger percent.  5 

A．So go out and make a happy friend.

B．Being happy makes you extremely attractive.

C．Levels of happiness can be influenced among friends.

D．When your friend hates something, you also hate it.

E．Try not to hang out with smokers if you are a nonsmoker.

F．80 percent of people gave away things because of people around.

G．However, the changes in the culture have made smoking less acceptable.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。朋友之间会相互影响。一项新的研究发现，朋友之间的相互影响既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。

1．选D　根据空前一句可知，当你的朋友喜欢某样东西时，你也喜欢它。这是一种“爱屋及乌”的情况。根据空后一句可知，一项新的研究发现，朋友之间的相互影响既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。承上启下，D项(当你的朋友讨厌某事时，你也讨厌它。)切题，故选D项。

2．选G　根据空前一句可知，15年前，我认识的人似乎都抽烟。根据后文“Smoking is forbidden ... out with each other as much.”可知，办公室、餐厅和其他公共场所禁止吸烟。吸烟者和不吸烟者彼此不常出去玩。结合上下文可知大家对吸烟的接受程度情况发生了变化， G项(然而，文化的变化使吸烟越来越不能被接受。)能够解释这一点，故选G项。

3．选F　根据上文“Donation can be affected by friends.”可知，捐款会受到朋友的影响。根据空后一句可知，斯坦福大学(Stanford)一项针对联合基金会(United Way)企业捐赠项目的研究发现，当人们的办公桌离捐钱多的人的办公桌更近时，他们会捐出更多的钱。承上启下，F项(80%的人因为周围的人而捐东西。)切题，故选F项。

4．选C　根据后文“Experts have found ... the effect goes up to 25 percent.”可知，专家发现，拥有一个快乐的一级朋友，你快乐的可能性会增加15%。如果那个朋友住的地方离你不到一英里，这种影响就会上升到25%。承接下文，C项(朋友之间的快乐程度会受到影响。)切题，故选C项。

5．选A　根据上文可知，朋友之间的快乐程度会受到影响，你的朋友越快乐，你快乐的可能性越高。A项(所以，走出去，交一个快乐的朋友。)符合语境，故选A项。

Ⅲ.语法填空

The   1   (express) “keeping up with the Joneses” was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He began earning 125 a week at the age of 23,  was a lot of money in those days. He and his wife moved to a very   3   (wealth) neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went   4   (ride) every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand also hired a servant and gave big   5   (party) for their new neighbors.

It was like a race,   6   the race ended when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to   7   apartment in New York City.

Momand looked around him and noticed that many people did all they could   8   (keep) up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He called it “keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. The stories   9   (sell) well and gradually “keeping up with the Joneses” became an idiom   10   (common) used by many people.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在英语中，keeping up with the Joneses意为“与他人攀比”。本文讲述了这个表达的由来。

1．expression　考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用express的名词形式。“keeping up with the Joneses”为expression的同位语。

2．which　考查定语从句。此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词125 a week，并在从句中作主语。

3．wealthy　考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词neighborhood，故用wealth的形容词形式。

4．riding　考查固定搭配。go riding意思是“去骑马”。

5．parties　考查名词复数。此处party意为“派对”，是可数名词。因为big前没有冠词，所以party需用复数形式。

6．but　考查连词。句意：这就像是一场赛跑，但是这场赛跑最终以Momand 夫妇不再能够负担起这种新生活方式而结束。本空前后两句为转折关系，故用but。

7．an　考查冠词。这里泛指纽约市的一家公寓，故用不定冠词an。

8．to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。

9．sold　考查动词的时态和语态。这里是描述过去的事，用一般过去时。sell well意思是“畅销”，无被动语态。

10．commonly　考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词used, 需用副词形式，故填commonly。

tips 语法填空之提示词为动词(1)

第一步：分析句子结构，确定句中是否缺少谓语。如果缺少谓语动词，则是考查动词的时态或语态。

第二步：看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态，同时要注意主谓一致。

第三步：如果动词不作谓语的话就要考虑在句子中的成分。

例如上文第8题，学生容易直接使用keep，因为情态动词后面用动词原形，但实际上，如果读懂此句就不难发现这里是使用动词不定式作目的状语。