中考英语语法考点梳理手册06--八大时态（学练结合版）
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中考英语语法考点精要梳理手册
（学练结合版）
十 时态
考点一 一般现在时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
(1)概念:一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。
(2)句式结构(肯定句)有以下两种:
句式结构 | 例句 |
be(am/is/are)+表语 | Bob is a doctor. 鲍勃是一名医生。 |
实义动词作谓语 | My sister likes eating chocolate. 我妹妹喜欢吃巧克力。 |
(3)常用的时间状语有:always,usually,often,every day等。
I usually go to school on foot. 我通常步行去上学。
2.第三人称单数的构成方式
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,其变化规则如下:
类型 | 变化规则 | 举例 |
一般情况 | 在词尾加-s | swim→swims open→opens |
以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾 | 在词尾加-es | pass→passes wash→washes go→goes |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 | 变y为i再加-es | carry→carries study→studies |
特殊情况 | 不规则变化 | have→has |
3.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表频率的时间状语连用。
I often get up late on weekends. 在周末我经常起床很晚。
(2)描述现在的情况、状态等。
Tom is ill. 汤姆生病了。
(3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。
Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。
(4)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,若主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时表示将来。
I’ll ring you up if Tom comes back tomorrow. 如果汤姆明天回来,我就给你打电话。
【巧记口诀】
一般现在时用法
学好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记;
基本用法要记清,动作习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
谓语若为实义动,形式要由主语定。
主语人称是三单,动词要把s/es添。
句中若把助动用,谓语动词现原形。
考点二 一般过去时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
(1)概念:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
His dog died yesterday. 昨天他的狗死了。
(2)句式结构(肯定句)有以下两种:
句式结构 | 例句 |
be(was/were)+表语 | Bill wasn’t at home last night. 比尔昨晚不在家。 |
实义动词作谓语 | Jim went swimming yesterday. 吉姆昨天去游泳了。 |
(3)常用的时间状语有:yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,two days ago,just now等。
Ann went to Shanghai last week. 上周安去上海了。
2.动词过去式的构成方式
在一般过去时中,谓语动词要用过去式,过去式的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。下面讲一下规则变化:
类型 | 变化规则 | 举例 |
一般情况 | 加-ed | plant→planted play→played |
以e结尾 | 加-d | live→lived change→changed |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 | 变y为i再加-ed | carry→carried study→studied |
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 | 双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed | stop→stopped plan→planned |
3.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去发生或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
Bill visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天比尔游览了长城。
Lucy went to the hospital once a week last year. 去年露西每周去医院一次。
(2)用于虚拟条件句中,表示与现在事实相反的情况。
If I were you,I would take a small present. 如果我是你的话,我就带上一件小礼物。
考点三 一般将来时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
(1)概念:一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I will go to visit him next week. 下周我将去拜访他。
(2)句式结构(肯定句)有以下三种:
句式结构 | 例句 |
will/shall+动词原形 | They will have a good time. 他们将会玩得很愉快。 |
be going to+动词原形 | We are going to take an exam. 我们将要参加一个考试。 |
现在进行时表将来 | The bus is coming. 公共汽车要来了。 |
(3)常用的时间状语有:tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in two hours,soon,in the future等。
My father will come back soon. 我爸爸不久将回来。
2.一般将来时的用法
(1)be going to和will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
We’re going to have a meeting to discuss the plan. 我们打算开会讨论这个计划。
She will reach here at five o’clock this afternoon by car. 今天下午五点她将乘汽车到达这里。
(2)be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
Look at the dark clouds.It’s going to rain. 看那乌云,要下雨了。
He will be twenty years old next year. 明年他就要20岁了。
考点四 现在进行时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时态标志词
(1)概念:现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
Jim is watching TV. 吉姆正在看电视。
(2)句式结构:主语+am(is/are)+动词-ing形式
Ann is singing. 安正在唱歌。
(3)常见的时态标志词:now,at the moment,look,listen等。
Look!She is dancing. 看!她正在跳舞。
2.动词-ing形式的构成方式
类型 | 变化规则 | 举例 |
一般情况 | 直接加-ing | play→playing read→reading |
以不发音的e结尾 | 去e加-ing | live→living write→writing |
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 | 双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ing | put→putting sit→sitting |
以ie结尾 | 变ie为y再加-ing | die→dying lie→lying |
【巧学妙记】
动词-ing形式构成歌诀
动词-ing形式用途多,进行时态不可缺。
它的构成很简单,动词后面加ing。
词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题。
辅音重读闭音节,末尾字母要双写。
最后一点要注意,ie改为y加ing。
3.现在进行时的用法
(1)表示目前正在进行的动作。
Nick is having lunch. 尼克正在吃午饭。
(2)与always,usually,forever等词连用,表示说话者的赞扬、厌恶或不满等情绪。
He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。
(3)一些表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,leave,fly,arrive 等,常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我打算明天动身去北京。
考点五 过去进行时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
(1)概念:表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
I was watching TV at 8:00 last night. 昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。
(2)句式结构:主语+was/were+动词-ing形式
当主语为第一、三人称单数时,用was,其余用were。
Bill was playing basketball when I saw him. 当我看见比尔的时候,他正在打篮球。
(3)常用的时间状语有:at nine o’clock last night,at that time,at that moment,(at)this time yesterday,from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when,while引导的时间状语从句等。
Jim was having supper at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候吉姆正在吃晚饭。
2.过去进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
I was watering my flowers at 9:00 yesterday morning. 昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水。
(2)表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。
What were you doing from 8:00 to 9:00 last night? 昨晚八点到九点你在干什么?
考点六 现在完成时
1.概念以及句式结构
(1)概念:现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,还表示动作从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能持续下去。
I have had lunch. 我已经吃了午饭了。
(2)句式结构:主语+have/has+过去分词
Bill has gone to Beijing. 比尔已经去北京了。
2.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,常与already,yet,ever等连用。
She has already finished the work. 她已经完成了工作。
(2)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,常与“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”连用,此时句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 我已经在北京住了十年了。
3.短暂性动词的转换问题
英语中有些短暂性动词,如come,go,begin,start,die,buy,borrow,sell等,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,若与时间段连用通常要借助以下几种方式:
(1)将短暂性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”。
begin/start→be on | go there→be there |
come back→be back | come here→be here |
open→be open | close→be closed |
die→be dead | marry→be married |
finish→be over | go to bed→be in bed |
leave→be away | return→be back |
join→be in或be a member of | fall asleep→be asleep |
lose→be lost | fall ill→be ill |
如:他的爷爷去世八年了。
His grandfather has died for 8 years.(×)
His grandfather has been dead for 8 years.(√)
(2)有些短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词。
borrow→keep | put on→wear/be on |
become→be | get to know→know |
buy→have/own | catch a cold→have a cold |
如:那本书我借了一个月了。
I have borrowed that book for one month.(×)
I have kept that book for one month.(√)
4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
这两个时态都是谈论已经发生的事,主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系,或是对现在有影响,或谈论现在以前这一段时间里发生的事,而一般过去时单纯谈论过去的事,与现在没有联系。因此有过去时间状语时,只能用过去时。
Bill was here a minute ago. 一分钟之前比尔还在这里。(现在不一定在这里)
I have already bought a book. 我已经买了一本书。(现在已经有一本书)
考点七 过去完成时
1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语
(1)概念:表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。
I had cooked supper when my mother came back. 当妈妈回来的时候我已经做好了晚饭。
(2)句式结构:主语+had+过去分词+其他
He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。
(3)常用的时间状语:by the end of last term,by then以及when,after等引导的时间状语从句。
I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上个学期末为止我已经学习了两千个英语单词。
2.过去完成时的用法
(1)表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成的动作,它表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。
By the time we arrived,the movie had already begun. 当我们到达时,电影已经开始了。
(2)用在said,told,knew,heard等动词后的宾语从句中。
Lily said (that) she had never been to Paris. 莉莉说她从没去过巴黎。
(3)用在含有when,after,before等引导的状语从句的复合句中。
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. 当警察到的时候,小偷们已经逃跑了。
考点八 过去将来时
1.概念以及句式结构
(1)概念:表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
Ann said she would help me. 安说她将帮助我。
(2)相对于一般将来时而言,其句式结构有以下三种:
①would/should+动词原形
②was/were going to+动词原形
③was/were doing进行时态表将来
Bill told me he would buy a new house the next day. 比尔告诉我第二天他将买一幢新房子。
2.过去将来时的用法
(1)在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。
It was May 30.Mike had just left his home.He was going to play basketball with his friend,so he decided to call his friend first.那是5月30号,迈克刚离开家,他打算和朋友一起打篮球,于是他决定先给朋友打电话。
(2)用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情。
Nick asked when the meeting would end. 尼克问会议何时结束。
时态专题提升演练
考点一 一般现在时
1.—What’s your father?
—He is a doctor. He in a local hospital.
A.worked B.has worked
C.works D.will work
2. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.
A.read B.reads
C.is reading D.has read
考点二 一般过去时
1.—There is someone knocking at the door.
—It must be the repairman. I him to come to fix our fridge two hours ago.
A.call B.have called C.called
2.—When you here?
—Two days ago.
A.did; come B.have; come
C.will; come D.do; come
考点三 一般将来时
1. We a party for Kate. It’s supposed to be a surprise.
A.were having B.had
C.will have D.have had
2.—Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now?
—I’m watching a football match. It started at 7: 30 p. m. and on for another one hour.
A.has been B.was C.will be
考点四 现在进行时
1.—Where is Jim?
—Look! He under the tree.
A.is standing B.stood C.stands
2.—Is Jack in the classroom now?
—No, he football on the playground.
A.plays B.played
C.is playing D.was playing
考点五 过去进行时
1. While Nick CCTV News, someone knocked at the door.
A.watched B.was watching
C.watch D.watches
2.—I called you this morning, but nobody answered.
—I flowers in my garden at that time.
A.watered B.was watering
C.water D.am watering
考点六 现在完成时
1. I an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A.receive B.will receive
C.was receiving D.have received
2. His grandmother for 6 years. And he still misses her very much.
A.died B.has died
C.has been dead D.has been died
考点七 过去完成时
1.—Why was he late for school yesterday?
—He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus already .
A.was; leaving B.has; left
C.would; leave D.had; left
2.The meeting by the time I got there yesterday.
A.was on B.has been on
C.had begun D.has begun
考点八 过去将来时
1.Bruce told me he for Beijing next day.
A.leaves B.will leave
C.would leave D.had left
2.I will go hiking. Tom said. (合并为一句)
Tom said go hiking.
参考答案
考点一 1.答案:C 2.答案:B
考点二 1.答案:C 2.答案:A
考点三 1.答案:C 2.答案:C
考点四 1.答案:A 2.答案:C
考点五 1.答案:B 2.答案:B
考点六 1.答案:D 2.答案:C
考点七 1.答案:D 2.答案:C
考点八 1.答案:C 2.答案:he would
