2022年中考英语阅读理解之五类题

这是一份2022年中考英语阅读理解之五类题，共18页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解题的题型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考英语阅读理解之五类题
如今好多中学生在词汇、语法与解题技巧中来回纠结，做一个阅读理解题读不懂（究其原因是单词不认识，语法不会、固定搭配不明白）。但是他们仍然不停在刷题，看似很努力，但都是白费。
鉴于这种情况，做什么习题才能跳出题海，有效快速提升英语成绩？
笔者认为只做中考真题，特别是最近三年本省份的真题（做2遍），专项刷题时，要做每套题的同一类题，如阅读理解题。找到中考阅读理解解题技巧，做得触类旁通。中考阅读理解题主要有事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、阅读匹配题。说白了，中考就考五类题：
一、阅读理解题的题型：


直接信息理解题 题文比对速判定
阅读理解题
事实细节题
间接信息理解题 二次加工慎判定
细节推理判断题
推理判断题 观点、态度推理判断题
写作意图推理判断题
文章出处和语篇类型推断
标题归纳题
主旨大意题 文章大意题
段落大意题
词义猜测题
阅读匹配题
二、 解题步骤：
n. v.
1. 阅读题干做标记（标记大写字母、数字、比较级和最高级、序数词；核心含义词），预测文章猜中心；
2. 阅读文章得中心（阅读文章可以采用BE阅读法：①首段必读；②从第二段开始，每段首句必读；③从第二段开始，每段尾句选读。读文章时也要做标记---（1）关键词标记；（2）句群逻辑标记；（3）文章中心句和中心词标记）；
3. 重新读题干解题。



三、 下面分别介绍中考阅读理解中各题型的特点及解题方法：
第一道题：（准解题）——事实细节理解题【据文比对定答案】
细节理解题在英语中考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
　　细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。所谓直接信息理解题就是在原文中可以直接找到答案的细节题，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等疑问词提问，这类试题主要考查原文中的时间、地点、人物等信息。间接信息理解题相对于直接信息理解题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能一眼就从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。
正确
选项
特征
同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one’s life换成die。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项
干扰
选项
特征
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
正误参半
部分正确，部分错误

一、直接信息理解题——题文比对速判定
在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程图如下：
如果定位到句首或者转折关系的句子，需要看“定位句+后两句”，如果题干中有因果关系，需要看“前一句+定位句+后两句”

[典例]　(2021·湖南永州卷阅读A)
At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as Shanghai-Beijing a test of travel.
21. How were the trains in China at the beginning of the 21st century?
A. Fast. B. Comfortable. C. Crowded
[解题示范]
第一步：文中寻找信息源
抓关键
题干中的关键词：the trains, beginning, the 21st century
锁信息
定位：用the trains, beginning, the 21st century寻读，在文中找到信息源——At the beginning of the 21st century China had no high-speed railways. Slow, crowded and often uncomfortable trains ran across this vast country,
第二步：题文比对定答案
选项
选项意思
选项定位
A
fast
颠倒是非
B
comfortable
颠倒是非
C
crowded
原文原词
[分析]　比对选项和信息句可知，21世纪初的中国火车缓慢、拥挤、经常不令人舒适；选项和原文中均出现crowded，故选C。

二、间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定
为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。间接信息理解题常采用以下3种命题方式。

使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用look up to来替换文中的admire，使用less difficult来替换文中的easier等。
[典例1]　　(2021·湖南永州卷阅读E)
There were more than 800 pieces of folk art from nearly 50 countries in the exhibition. All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic. The artists come from many different cultures. Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun. The artists may not think of what they do as recycling, but that’s exactly what it is. Fine artists might work with expensive materials. They might use expensive tools to shape these materials into works of art. On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford. The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials. Recycled art began long before people began to think about recycling. Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.
38. What is the same thing of the pieces in the exhibition share?
A. They are all woks of fine art. B. They are all made from used materials.
C. They are all made by the trained artists.
[解题示范]
第一步：文中寻找信息源
抓关键
题干中的关键词：the same thing of the pieces, share
锁信息
定位：用the same thing of the pieces, share寻读，在文中找到信息源——Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun.
第二步：题文比对定答案
选项
选项意思
选项定位
A
They are all woks of fine art.
同义替换
B
They are all made from used materials.
曲解文意
C
They are all made by the trained artists.
无中生有
[分析]　比对选项和信息句可知，展览中的作品共同点是艺术家们把通常别人丢掉的东西变成美丽、有用又有趣的作品，故选A。
节选段中“beautiful”的语意和题干中的关键词fine是一致的，都表示“精美的”；段落中“Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun.”和选项A中的They are all woks of fine art. 同义，由此可以判断本题答案为A。命题人使用了同义词替换，使得整个具体细节信息被转换，成为一道具有一定迷惑性的试题，在考查具体细节信息的同时考查了考生的语言能力和思维品质。

对具体细节信息进行加工，尤其是年代、数量、顺序等，需要考生进行简单的计算或者思考，但此类试题不重在考查考生的计算能力，而重在考查考生对具体细节信息的处理，故试题设置一般都是简单的计算或替换。
[典例2]　(2020·湖南永州卷阅读C)
Malala started attending Oxford in 2017. At the age of 22, she graduated from Oxford University, in England. Malala posted photos of her celebration on Twitter. One showed her with her family. The other was taken after her “trashing”. Trashing is an Oxford tradition after students complete their final exam.
9. How many photos did Malala post on Twitter?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three
分析：本题考查Malala在Twitter发布了几张照片，答案无法在文章中直接查找到。但是阅读所给段落我们可以发现，该段的第三句到第五句Malala posted photos of her celebration on Twitter. One showed her with her family. The other was taken after her “trashing”. Trashing is an Oxford tradition after students complete their final exam.讲明了Malala在Twitter上共发布了两张照片，故本题的答案就在于这两个数字的简单运算，1+1=2。故本题选B。

为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答，虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
[典例3]　(2021·北京卷阅读B)
Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me，and finally looked away. By that, I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.
One Friday. I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that l felt lonely when I was with my classmates， and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.
25. In order to get through to Shelley， the writer_________.
A. wrote her a book B. made her a toy
C. drew her a picture D. told her a story
分析：根据题干中的关键词“get through to Shelley”可知，此题在问“为了打动Shelley,作者做了什么？”，由此可将信息区间大致锁定在这两段，因为第三段说到Shelly 看了作者送给她的彩色书一眼，还是没有理会他。，第四段“一个星期五作者决定告诉她一个关于自己童年的故事”，
只有综合这两段信息才能归纳概括出正确答案。正确选项D项是综合了第三段第二句“By that, I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn’t give up on her.”和第四段的第一句“One Friday. I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.”的内容，综合这两句话可知，为了接近Shelly，作者给她讲了个故事，故正确答案为D项。
[随堂体验落实]
(2021·湖南永州卷阅读D)
Dogs might have the latest tools in the fight against cancer (癌症); their noses! Researchers at California’s Pine Street Foundation (PSF) say they have trained five dogs to smell cancer on a prison’s breath. This could be exciting news.
A dog’s sense of smell may be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than ours. But can dogs really smell illness? PSF researcher Michael McCulloch says yes. “We were very surprised by how exact they were,” he said. “They were telling who had cancer, and they were also saying who didn’t.”
McCulloch and his team asked four healthy people and one with cancer to blow into plastic tubes (塑料管). Special materials in the tubes kept the things of each breath. The tubes were then placed one yard apart. Finally the dogs were allowed to smell the tubes. Each dog had been trained for three weeks to sit when it smelled cancer. Ninety-nine percent of the time, the dug sat next to the tubes blown into by patients with lung cancer. The dogs were right 88 percent of the time about breast cancer.
No lab test for cancer has given more correct results than this test. The results are so amazing that many experts question the dogs’ smelling power. They wonder if there were other reasons why the dogs did so well. For example, they thought the way the dog trainers behaved could have influenced how the dogs acted. However, most experts agree that this study is important. The information could help scientists create a simple breath test for cancer in the future. Once again humans may be getting a helping paw or nose—from their best animal friends.
31. What’s the latest tool a dog might have in the fight against cancer?
A. Tooth. B. Nose. C. Ear.
32. What happened first in the Pine Street Foundation test?
A. The dogs were trained. B. The tubes were placed one yard apart.
C. The dogs smelled the tubes.
33. What was a dog supposed to do when it smelled cancer?
A. Smell again. B. Turn around. C. Sit down.
34. Look at the chart. How many times did the dogs keep standing when they smelled the breath from healthy persons?
A. Less than 10 times. B. Almost 600 times. C. About 700 times.
35. Why do many experts question the dog’s smelling power?
A. Because no lab test for cancer has given more correct results.
B. Because the dog trainers influenced how the dogs acted.
C. Because they don’t think this study is important.

第二道题：准解题——推理判断题(于文有据不枉断)
推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而领会文章的深层意义及隐含意义。要想正确地解答此类题型，必须深入词句间，根据上下文作出合理的判断。一些常见的推理判断题包含四种：细节推理判断题；观点、态度推理判断题；写作意图推理判断题；文章出处和语篇类型推断。标志：learn, infer, imply,inform等。对于推理判断题可采用三部走：一找（题干关键词）；二定（在文中定三句：原句、前句和后句）；三推（对原文定位部分进行正向或逆向推理）

推断题-----细节推断题（例题）：找--定--推
There were more than 800 pieces of folk art from nearly 50 countries in the exhibition. All of the pieces were made from used metal, wood, cloth, and plastic. The artists come from many different cultures. Still, they all share one thing. They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun. The artists may not think of what they do as recycling, but that’s exactly what it is. Fine artists might work with expensive materials. They might use expensive tools to shape these materials into works of art. On the other hand, in poor countries rubbish might be the only material folk artists and toy makers can afford. The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials. Recycled art began long before people began to think about recycling. Some of the objects in the exhibition date from the 1930s.
37. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. There was more than 800 pieces of fine art.
B. Folk artists can’t shape expensive materials into works of art
C. Poor materials also can be made into works of art
根据第三段第五句“They take objects that are normally thrown away and change them into objects that are beautiful, useful, and fun...The exhibition shows that a rich imagination is very important when there are only poor materials.”可知劣质材料也可以制成艺术品。

推断题-----态度推断题（例题）：定--推
1.定:定位题干出处；2.找:找情感色彩词一 动词、形容词、副词
Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.(生存)
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
The writer of the text has a _________attitude towards dangers sports.
A. positive(肯定的) B. negative(否定的) C. neutral(中立的) D. nervous
推断题-----写作意图推断题（例题）：定--推
(2021·福建省中考卷阅读A)
Get inspired by these apps and enter a competition organized by the Voda Foundation with your school or community group for the chance to win a prize. We are looking for smart creators to design （设计）an app to help communities meet with the challenges （挑战） they face. Now take a look at the apps for inspiration!
This is a great app for anyone wanting to learn a new language. You'll pick up lots of words in no time.
Do you want to make new friends in your community? It can help you discover lots of local activities from sports clubs to art classes.
Do you want to learn more about the world? This app has you covered. You can fly all around a 3D world and find out about its different parts and environments, meeting people and wildlife along
the way.
This helps you reduce（减少）waste by sharing unwanted food and other things with neighbors — exactly the kind of community app you could design. Download it and your family can do their bit for the environment.
To sign up, visit community today. com.
50. The writer lists the apps in order to _________________.
A. show a result B. have a discussion
C. give some reasons D. provide some examples
推断题-----文章出处推断题（例题）：定--推

分析文章体裁
-----推断出文章体裁
文章高频词/主旨大意
49. Where is the text most probably from?
A. A story book. B. A science website. C. A travel guide. D. A film magazine.
[随堂体验落实]
(2021·安徽省中考卷阅读A)If you have Problems describing people, don't worry! We'll use popular film characters (角色) to help you learn some useful words.
Naive
Meaning: If someone is naive, they have little experience and believe good things will always happen.
Example: In the film EI, Buddy is a naive person
who grows up with elves (精灵). One day, he goes to New York City but finds things very different there.
Director: David Berenbaum
Loyal
Meaning: If you're loyal, you always give support to a person or a group and help them and act honestly.
Example: In the film Toy Story, Woody is loyal to his friends and owner, Andy. He stays with Andy, even when Andy grows up and goes to college.
Director: John Lasseter

Demanding
Meaning: If someone is demanding, they are not easily satisfied or pleased.
Example: In the film The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda is very demanding. She always works very hard, and expects others to do the same.
Director: David Frankel
Talented
Meaning: If you're talented, you have a natural
Ability to do something well.
Example: In the film McFarland, USA, coach White notices some talented runners in his PE class. He forms a cross-country group that races against other schools.
Director: Niki Caro
56. Which word is used to describe a person with a natural ability to do something well?
A. Naive. B. Loyal. C. Demanding. D. Talented.
57. Who always gives support to friends according to the films?
A. Buddy. B. Woody. C. David Frankel. D. Niki Caro.
58. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?
A. Sport. B. Travel. C. Environment. D. Language.
“最近原则”
1） 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。
2） 推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
3） 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。
4） 推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)
注意：选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念（灭绝师太），如only, never, all, absolutely, everything, anything等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。
做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。

第三类题：准解题——主旨大意题(高屋建瓴明意旨)
　　主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中抽取、提炼一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把此类题放到最后来（采用BE阅读法）。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
正确
选项
特征
涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段
确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小
精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
干扰
选项
特征
过于笼统，不知所云
所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出全文或全段所述内容
以偏概全，主次不分
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点
移花接木，偷换概念
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案
无中生有，生搬硬套
所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系
通过标题、首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句和高频词去找。
主旨题采用“串线摘帽”法：
　　即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
　　①主旨题的标志：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title
　　②串线法：就是BE阅读法，抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)
③逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。

以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually，indeed等)时，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含in short/brief, above/in/after all, therefore, thus, in a word, conclude, conclusion等词语,这些词后面连接的通常是一段话的主题句。
（5）如果主题句含有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。
(2021·云南省中考卷阅读B)
There was a young man who was in trouble. He went bankrupt (破产) and his wife went away from him. From then on, failure was all that he had seen. Struggling (斗争) with this, he went into the forest alone. There, he met an old man who had lived there for a long time. He shared his story with the old man and asked “Can you give me one good reason not to give up?”
“Look,” the old man said, “Do you see that fern (蕨类植物) and bamboo there?”
“Yes.” the man answered.
“When I planted the fern and bamboo seeds, I watered them carefully. Within a few days, the fern quickly grew from the land,” the old man went on.
“However, I watered the bamboo seed for years, it still didn’t sprout. But I didn’t give up and continued looking after it. In the fifth year, a small sprout came out of the land. Within six months, the tree grew a hundred feet tall.”
“The little bamboo tree had been growing underground in the past four years, developing a root strong enough for its ground growth (生长) in the fifth year. If it hadn’t done this, it would not be so strong. So you know, all the time you were struggling, you were actually growing strong roots.” the old man said. Finally, the man thanked the old man deeply. Then he left the forest with the hope for life.
55. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Practice makes perfect B. The early bird catches the worm
C. Learn to share with others D. Never lose hope when in trouble
[随堂体验落实]
(2021·安徽省中考卷阅读C)
Early one October morning, a nice woman sent a young magpie (喜鹊) to my home for care.
The magpie flew into the front window of a truck and got hurt, but luckily the woman was passing by.
With my care, the young magpie was doing well, but he was not happy to find himself in a cage(笼子) Several days later his wings were fine and nothing else was broken. He recovered I decided to drive him to where he was found. When arrived, I got the cage out of the car and opened the door，offering my arm. He jumped onto it and looked around. I could see he knew where he was.
Next to us was a tree. He flew straight to the top to join a wagtail (鸸钨) The wagtail made lots of high singing and flew off across the field. The young magpie remained on the top of the tree. I began to worry as he still needed his parents.
The next minute I heard the singing of the wagtail again. He was flying back and two large magpies followed. They landed on either side of the young magpie, and then put their heads in the air and sang excitedly.

63. Who sent the young magpie to the writer's home?
A. A young doctor. B. A nice woman. C. The writer's parents. D. The truck driver.
64. What does the underlined word“recovered" mean?
A. 康复 B. 求救 C. 挨饿 D. 唱歌
65. What is the ending of the story?
A. The magpie broke both his wings again.
B. The magpie flew away with the wagtail.
C. The magpie got together with his parents.
D. The magpie returned to the writer's home.
66. Which of the following best describes the writer?
A. Clever. B. Kind-hearted. C. Lucky D. Hard-working.

第四类题：准解题—词义猜测题(“义”由“境”生莫忘记)
题型特点
常见设问方式
　　词义猜测题着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查：
1.要求根据阅读材料，结合考生应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或者熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思；
2.代词指代题也是词义猜测的常考类型。
·The word “...” refers to/probably means ________.
·The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ________.
·What do you think the expression “...” stands for？
·By saying “...” the author means ________.
·“...” as used in the passage, can best be defined as ________.
·Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？

2.指代题：
　　①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
　　②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
　　③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
　　④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
(2021·浙江省中考卷阅读B)
Being kind can make someone smile. If you see yourself smile in a situation, people around may be smiling, too. This is special true for your close friends and family. A kind act makes someone what is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good. So why not set off that chain（链条）of good feelings to people around?
39. The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______________.
A. The situation B. The family C. The kind act D That chain
【分析：向上搜索，找最近的名词性短语是a small act, 将它代入it的位置，意思通顺，与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案就是C。】
3.词汇题（单词或短语）：“搜索代入”法：
　　①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
　　②确定该词汇的词性。
　　③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。
　　④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选项，即答案。
注意：
　　a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
　　b.中考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。
　　c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。
(2021·湖南省长沙市中考卷阅读C)
Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize(抓住)every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.
28. What does the underlined expression “big shots” in the third paragraph mean?
A. 好 B. 神枪手 C. 大人物
【分析：①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
　　②确定该词汇的词性是名词。
③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(famous people)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适(合适）。
④与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案就是C。】
[随堂体验落实]
(2021·安徽省中考卷阅读C)
Do you ever give up easily in difficult stations? If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities, like Batman (蝙蝠侠). It will help you feel strong. You will not give up easily and will probably do better. This is called the Batman Effect (效应)
In a study, researchers gave three groups six-year-old children a difficult task to complete on a computer. In Group One, the children were told to repeat asking themselves, “Am I working hard?" In Group Two, the children were told to ask themselves the same question in the third person一as in“Is Sam working hard?" And in Group Three, the children were told to imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves "Is Batman working hard?" Researchers found that the children in Group Three did the best.
How can you make use of the Batman Effect ? Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing If you're facing a personal difficulty, imagine yourself as a wise family member. If you're running a race at school, imagine yourself as a top runner. In this way, you can become a little more like the person you wish to be.
70. Who took part in the study?
A. Sam's family B. Difficult persons.
C. Computer makers. D. Six-year-old children
71. How can a boy do better in running a race according to the text?
A. By joining a group. B. By talking with a family member.
C. By answering questions. D. By imagining himself as a top runner.
72. What is the best title (标题) for the text?
A. Go and do research! B. Come and complete tasks!
C. I can do it! I'm Batman! D. You can help! You're a helper!

第五类题：准解题—阅读匹配题(瞻前顾后“字眼”找)
（一） 解题步骤：在中考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以抓住重复词、线索词或是根据段落主题句意思的拓展以及掌握基本的过渡性结构、阐述性结构和概括性结构等基本就能锁定答案，同时还要求考生整合各段大意并理清之间的逻辑关系。具体尝试以下六步走。
1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词/线索词（同义词、反义词、同畴词、代词、同词复现、特殊疑问词、连词、标点/标题）。
2.选标题（和其他小标题的句式一致。比方说，其他小标题是祈使句，要选的标题也是祈使句，这样就缩小了选择范围。）一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。
3.选段首句（通常是该段的主题句，通过分析段落中心和一些共有的关键词就可判断。）
4. 选段中句：注重空前空后的句子，这些句子与句子之间必然有一种联系，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间的关系，从而选出正确答案。（也可以从关联词作为切入点， 通常英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将三个层面（意思、词汇、关联词）的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：
（i）并列与递进：and, or, also，neither…nor.., either…or…,
（ii）因果：because, for, since, as, thus, so, so… that, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of...
（iii）转折让步：but, however, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, still, unlike, rather than, instead of, although, though, even though, even if...
  （ii）时间顺序： at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with， last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。
5. 选段尾句（对全文或段落的总结，有时也会引出下一段落的主题的作用）（i）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 （ii）通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore, as a result, in short, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 （iii）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 （iv）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此 根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的线索词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系 的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。（v）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（vi）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的线索词。
6.做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。

【总结】
主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要
关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少
经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找＂线索词＂，回到选择项中筛选。
经验二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。
经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络，留意文章的起承转合，逻辑及结构。
经验四：＂7选5＂句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈＂锯齿＂顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看B，接着看C，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是＂参差不齐，错落有致＂的，看了D之后不看E却看A，看了E之后不看 F而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否＂正确＂。
第二节 阅读匹配 (共10分，每小题2分) 阅读下面的短文，从所给的A~F六个选项中，选出正确的答案填空，使短文通顺，内容完整，并在答题卡上将该编号字母涂黑，其中选项中有一项是多余的。
5 ways to train your brain for better sleep
The days are longer, full of sunshine and bright with the promise of enjoying a more relaxing spring and summer with your loved ones. But if you want to enjoy your daytime, it’s time to improve your sleep during the night-time. “Sleep problems endanger health and quality (质量) of life for up to 45% of the world’s population,” according to the World Sleep Society.
Sleep is one of the three keys to a healthier, longer life (the others are diet and exercise). 41.________. Here are the top five ways to improve your sleep and get some zz’s:
Create a sleep nest
42._________. Science tells us that we sleep better in cooler temperatures of about 60 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15℃ to 20℃).
Develop a routine
Set up a bedtime ritual by taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book or listening to soft music. You’re teaching your mind to relax. And stick to it. Go to bed and get up at the same time each day, even on weekends or your days off. 43._________.
Cut the lights
Production of the sleep hormone melatonin (荷尔蒙褪黑激素) begins at dark. Research has found that the body will slow or stop it with light on, to get sway from any light, even the blue light from your charging smart phone.
Refuse the wine
Don’t turn to wine to make you calm or help you sleep. 44._________. Your body needs to experience all three steps of sleep—light sleep, dream, and deep sleep—to fully repair itself.
45._________
Heavy and spicy foods may give you heartburn or other digestive problems, thus influencing your ability to get and stay asleep.
If you try these tips and can’t seem to relax, or your sleep continues to worsen, be sure to reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional.
A. The body like routine
B. Avoid heavy or hot foods
C. Refuse coffee later in the day
D. One of the first tasks is to set up your sleep environment
E. Wine may help you fall asleep, but it holds you in the lighter sleep
F. Many of the ways to increase the quality of your sleep are easy to follow