专题10-名词性从句（解析版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过

 考点10  名词性从句（解析版）【命题趋势】名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、 表语和同位语。单项填空题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that与what，if与whether是考查的重点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是： 一、通过从句的位置辨别从句的类型； 二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。 【重要考向】一、主语从句；二、宾语从句；三、表语从句；四、同位语从句； 考向一  主语从句【典例】【2021全国新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.【参考答案】 考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 【主语从句提分秘籍】1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 2．主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句 Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements. 无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。 But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life. 但我仍然不明白的是为什么我从来不厌倦，从未感到我的生活更好过。 It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’spolicy can be put into practice. 这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息. It’s a pity that you are leaving.你要离开，真遗憾。  考向二  宾语从句【典例】【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【参考答案】 what，考查宾语从句。空格处是介词on后的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，因此要用what，意为“……的东西”。 【宾语从句提分秘籍】1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。 2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句 (3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句 (4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句 3．一般情况下介词后只能用wh－类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语. 4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。 5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相应的过去时。当从句的内容为真理或客观事 实时， 须用一般现在时。 Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物，就会浪费较少的食物。 As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.提供了多达五门的课程，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。  考向三  表语从句【典例】【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared to fight off infection.【参考答案】考查表语从句。句意：锻炼的另一个好处是它会提高你身体的免疫系统，让你更好地对抗感染。此处为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的that引导。故填that。 【表语从句提分秘籍】1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever， whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。 2．as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果)　“这/那就是……的原因” This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因)　“这/那是因为……” The reason why...is that＋从句　“……的原因是……” The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。 From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money. 我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。 The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。 He was ill.That’s why he was absent. 他病了，那就是他缺席的原因。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.听起来你好像来自美国南部。  考向四  同位语从句【典例】【2019全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【参考答案】 that  此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词that，说明evidence的具体内容，“证据表明……”。 【同位语从句提分秘籍】1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。 2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth， hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。 3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。 I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different. 我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。 I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from. 我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army. 当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。  【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. 【参考答案】 that  分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 1.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper?【参考答案】考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你会做什么来解决数学问题？______ you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句，从句中do后缺少宾语，表示“什么 ”，故填what。2.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and ______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.【参考答案】考查宾语从句。句意：西班牙体育报纸《马卡报》指出，吴回应了那些质疑他转会的人，并称“他对西甲的快速适应让很多人感到惊讶”。此处引导宾语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。3.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity. 【参考答案】考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。根据空格前的介词into可知，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，句子不缺成分，表“如何”含义，所以用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。4.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and the numerous cultural activities that are available there.【参考答案】考查名词性从句。句意：我最喜欢的是传统的菜市场，提供各种各样菜肴的餐馆和众多的文化活动。分析可知，该句为主语从句做主语，从句缺宾语，表示“我最喜欢的是”，因此用what引导，句首字母需大写。故填What。5.【山东省菏泽市2021届高三模拟】It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such buildings.【参考答案】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这也引发了一些问题，即欧洲各国政府是否有足够的努力来维持和维护这些建筑。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，根据句意，空格处句子成分齐全，由上文的question可知，用whether“是否”符合题意，故填whether。6. 【2020年吉林省吉林市高考英语一模】The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap．【参考答案】 考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语，所以用what引导。故填what。7.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped people in need. 【参考答案】考查连接词。句意同上。此处为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故应用that。故填that。8.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time，the person won't be able to remember ______ he is supposed to forget.【参考答案】考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词forget的宾语，故用what导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。故填what。9.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all possibilities.【参考答案】考查名词性从句。句意：然而，前方会有挑战，这就是为什么我们正为各种可能性做好充分准备。表语从句中，缺少原因状语，所以用连接副词why。故填why。10.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano that accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.【参考答案】考查宾语从句。句意：熊小姐说，如果她能有三天的视力，她想亲眼看看陪伴她十多年的钢琴是什么样子的。宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语，且是指物。故填what。11.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my designs.【参考答案】考查主语从句。句意：首先我必须移除所有腐烂的部分，有时，剩下的部分不足以满足我的设计。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物应用what引导。故填what。12.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】But my teacher always says, “We want to be  younger. ” so about the age of Western women, my advice is ______ if you don’t know it, don’t ask about it; if you really know it, don’t mention it.【参考答案】考查表语从句。句意同上，分析可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故填that。13.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】It’s clear ______ a solution is needed so a celestial deep clean can take place.【参考答案】考查主语从句。句意：很显然，需要一种解决方案，这样才能进行天体深层清洁。此处是“it is+adj+that”句型。真正的主语是that引导的从句，为了避免头重脚轻，it做形式主语。故填that。14.【广西柳州市2020届高三摸底】However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but　　　______you eat also matters.【参考答案】 考查主语从句。句意：然而，重要的不仅仅是你什么时候吃，你吃什么也很重要。It作形式主语，两个主语从句为真正的主语，在从句中you为主语，eat为谓语，缺少宾语。故填what。15【河北省邢台市2020届高三上学期第一次摸底】Experts think they migrated from______　　　is now Russia across a land bridge called the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age.【参考答案】 考查连词。句意：专家们认为，在最后一个冰河时代，他们从现在的俄罗斯跨越一座大陆桥——白令海峡迁徙过来。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，并代指“地方”。故填what。16.【2020届重庆市一中高三上学期摸底】The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than ______I had in the U.K.【参考答案】 考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的had缺少宾语，故填what。17. 【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校2020届高三上学期第一次验收】But most importantly, ______ you need is good feedback.【参考答案】 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we,谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。18. 【山西省祁县中学2019-2020届高三8月月考】We don't respect ______we think is better than us.【参考答案】 考查名词性从句连接词。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think 是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。句意：我们不尊重那些我们认为比我们优秀的人。故填who。19. 【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】But the good news is______ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma.【参考答案】 考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知，此处是表语从句，从句some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma的句子成分和句意都是完整的，所以用连接词that。故填that。20. 【河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期期中】______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.【参考答案】 考查连词。句意：我们喂给身体的东西喂给眼睛。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指代“东西”，故填What。21.【吉林省吉林市2019届高三高考一模】The ideal nap depends on ______ you want from that nap. 【参考答案】 考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语，所以用what引导。故填what。22.【陕西省西安中学2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次月考】Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!【参考答案】 考查连词。句意：一定要有一个强烈的意识，你吃什么就是什么!本句为表语从句，引导词在从句中作eat的宾语，表示“你吃的东西”，故填what。23. 【河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三10月质量检测】But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.【参考答案】 考查名词性从句。句意：但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸引。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。故填that。24.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those people.【参考答案】考查连接词。句意：我无法想象失去你的家和你所知道的一切是什么样子，也无法想象飓风对那些人的强大影响。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知应用what。故填what。