人教版中考英语题型讲解完形填空课件PPT

这是一份人教版中考英语题型讲解完形填空课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了题型解读，考情分析，解题技巧，真题例析，技巧专练，模拟突破，题型二　完形填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第二部分　 题型指导
完形填空主要考查的是考生对篇章的理解能力以及对所学知识的综合运用能力。题材以故事性题材居多。分值为10分，共10个小题。要求考生能熟练掌握词义辨析与惯用搭配，在一定的语境中比较分辨同义词和近义词，选出能符合上下文语境和意义要求的选项。
解题策略：第一步，通读全文，掌握大意。首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己对全文有个大概的印象，然后再去通读全文。第二步，综合考虑，逐项填空。根据全文大意，把上下文的意思、词类和语法功能、惯用法、句法结构、常识等各种因素加以综合考虑，仔细推敲。
第三步，复读全文，避免遗漏。初步完成之后，把全文复读一遍，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改。
2017—2021年广东省完形填空考情表
　　1.前后照应关联法；　2.逻辑推理分析法；　3.固定搭配记忆法。
(2021广东)Many kids are crazy abut space. Last mnth, a space agency(机构) tld the public that they were 41 “a planet prtectin fficer.” Sme peple laughed at the funny jb title, but a 9­year­ld by tk the infrmatin 42 . He wrte a letter t the agency, saying that he wanted the jb.
“Dear sirs, my name is Sam Lee. I think I am the 43 persn fr the jb，” he wrte. What are Sam's 44 ？ Fr ne, he wrte, “My sister says I act like an alien(外星人)．” Sam als said he had watched almst all the 45 mvies he culd find. His last sentence may tuch peple's hearts: “I am yung, s I can learn t think like an alien.”
Sam sn gt a 46 frm Bill Black, directr f the agency. “We have received yur letter. It is great that yu are interested in the jb. This jb is t 47 the earth frm germs(细菌) n things brught back frm ther planets.” Bill ended the letter with sme warm wrds, 48 Sam t study hard and d well in schl. “We hpe t 49 yu at the agency ne day.” he wrte. “Amng kids, there are 50 space scientists.” Bill tld a newspaper. “We think f this letter as a chance that may frever change ur kids' life.”
( ) 41. A. waking upB. lking fr C. dealing withD. talking abut( ) 42. A. simplyB. lightly C. seriuslyD. clearly( ) 43. A. rightB. kind C. imprtantD. favrite( ) 44. A. dreamsB. prblems C. discveriesD. advantages
( ) 45. A. warB. radC. spaceD. sprts( ) 46. A. jbB. testC. replyD. ticket( ) 47. A. mveB. prtectC. pullD. cllect( ) 48. A. warmingB. helping C. rderingD. encuraging( ) 49. A. seeB. tellC. thankD. search( ) 50. A. pastB. futureC. recentD. present
44. D【解析】句意：Sam 有什么优势？dream“梦想”；prblem“问题；难题”； discvery “发现”；advantage“优势”。此题运用前后照应关联法，根据原 文句意及下文讲的都是与他的优势相关联的东西，故选D。45. C【解析】句意：Sam 还说他几乎看了所有他能找到的太空电影。 war “战争 ”；rad “公路，道路”；space “宇宙”；sprts “运动”。此题运用前后 照应关联法，根据原文句意及全文讲的都是与“太空”“宇宙”相关联的东西， 故选C。50. B【解析】句意：在孩子中间，有未来的太空科学家。past“过去”；future“未 来”；recent“近来”；present “目前；现在”。此题运用前后照应关联法，根 据原文句意，上文中的与“Amng kids”相关联的东西必然是未来的，故选B。
一、前后照应关联法 这个方法主要在短文中出现一些相关联的词(如同义词、反义词、近义词、同根词)或重复出现的词时，可通过上下文选择正确的选项。
41. B【解析】句意：上个月，一家航天局告诉公众，他们正在寻找“一名行星保护 官员”。wake up“唤醒；醒来”；lk fr“寻找”；deal with“处理”；talk abut“谈论”。根据下文“a planet prtectin fficer”运用逻辑推理分析法 可知要表达的是寻找一名行星保护官员，故选B。43. A【解析】句意：我觉得我是这份工作的最佳人选。此题运用逻辑推 理分析法，根据下文“fr the jb”，可知是说我是这项工作的最合适的人。故 选A。
二、逻辑推理分析法 这个方法主要是根据上下文的逻辑关系进行合理的推理，也可根据上下文的因果、并列、递进、转折、目的、条件、选择、时间顺序等进行逻辑推理。
46. C【解析】句意：萨姆很快收到了局长比尔·布莱克的回信。jb “工作”；test “测试”；reply “回信；回复”；ticket “票”。此题运用逻辑推理分析法，根 据下文“frm Bill Black, directr f the agency”可推理出是收到一封回信。 故选C。48. D【解析】句意：比尔在信的结尾用了一些温暖的话语，鼓励山姆努力学习，在学 校表现良好。warm“温暖”；help“帮助”；rder“命令”；encurage“鼓励”。 此题运用逻辑推理分析法，根据下文“Bill ended the letter with sme warm wrds”，及下文“study hard and d well in schl”，可推理出是鼓励他。故 选D。49. A【解析】句意：我们希望有一天能在局里见到你。see“见到”；tell“告诉”； thank “感谢”；search“查找”。此题运用逻辑推理分析法，根据下“ yu at the agency ne day”，可推理出是见到他。故选A。
42. C【解析】句意：有些人嘲笑这个滑稽的头衔，但是一个9岁的男孩把这个信息当 真了。根据原文句意，此题考查固定搭配 “对……认真对待”， 运用固定搭配记忆法，故选C。47. B【解析】句意：这个工作是保护地球免受从其他星球带回来的东西 上的细菌的 侵害。此题考查动词短语辨析，mve “移动”；prtect “保护”；pull “拖； 拉”；cllect “收集”。根据原文句意可知，此题考查固定搭配 “保护……免受……”，运用固定搭配记忆法，故选B。
三、固定搭配记忆法 完形填空虽然以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查固定搭配、固定句型以及词义辨析。固定搭配需要考生在平时的学习当中积累和记忆。
一、用“前后照应关联法”完成下列题目。A(2021湖北荆门改编)One Friday night, a pr art student Jseph was playing the vilin at New Yrk subway statin. In frnt f him was a 1 with a few dllars. He needed sme mre mney fr his tuitin(学费).
Jseph was playing his last piece f music when a middle-aged man wh lked excited 2 and put a 50­dllar banknte(钞票) int the hat. Jseph ndded t the man thankfully.The next 3 ， Jseph came t the same place as usual. Different frm the night befre, he tk ut a large piece f paper and laid it n the grund. The paper said, “Last night, a gentleman put smething unexpected int my hat 4 . Please cme t get it.”
Interested, many passers­by stpped, wndering what the unexpected thing culd be. Just then, a man rushed thrugh the crwd t Jseph and shuted excitedly, “Thank Gd yu're here. I knew yu are a(n) 5 man.”
(　 　)1. A．basket B．hat C．bxD．bag(　 　)2. A．stppedB．left C．calledD．refused (　 　)3. A．mrningB．afternn C．midnightD．night
(　 　)4. A．by mistake B．n purpse C．in public D．with difficulty(　 　)5. A．prB．hnest C．wiseD．clever
B(2021山东日照改编)Even befre my father left us, my mther had t wrk t supprt ur family. Once I came ut f the kitchen, “Mm, I can't peel ptates. I have nly ne 1 ．”“Get yurself int that kitchen and peel thse ptates，”Mm said, withut lking up. “And dn't use that as a(n) 2 fr anything again！”
One day, ur teacher had each f us race acrss the mnkey bars(攀爬架), swinging frm rung(横杠) t the next. When it was my turn, I shk my head. Sme kids behind me 3 ， and I went hme crying.
Hearing my stry, Mm hugged me. The next afternn, she tk me 4 t schl. At the empty playgrund, Mm lked carefully at the rungs. “Nw, pull up with yur right hand，”she advised. She std by as I tried hard t lift myself with my right hand until I culd hk(勾住) rung with my ther elbw(肘). Day after day, we practiced and she praised me fr every rung I 5 . I'll never frget the next time, crssing the rungs, I lked 6 at the kids standing there with their muths 7 . 　
(　 　)1. A．ftB．hand C．armD．leg(　 　)2. A．causeB．explanatin C．excuseD．result(　 　)3. A．smiledB．ndded C．cheeredD．laughed
(　 　)4. A．awayB．back C．ffD．arund(　 　)5. A．madeB．tuched C．reachedD．put(　 　)6. A．upB．abut C．utD．dwn(　 　)7. A．penB．clsed C．fullD．wide
二、用“逻辑推理分析法”完成下列题目。A(2021江苏宿迁改编) “What wrries yu, Tm？” asked Mrs Bell. He had a 1 in his hand and tears(泪水) in his eyes.“Our teacher asked us t recite(背诵) the pem ‘Little Jim’. The student wh can recite it 2 will get a prize. But I dn't think I can d it well.” said Tm. “Why nt？” asked Mrs Bell.
“The bys say that I can't，” said Tm in a 3 vice. “Dn't mind what they 4 . Let them see that yu can d it，” said Mrs Bell.“But I dn't think I can，” said Tm. “The pem is s lng and difficult. I may nt try fr the prize, but I want t try my best t recite it, because the bys laugh at me. They call me ‘Slw Tm’．”
“Well, dear，” said Mrs Bell, “Lk at that snail n the wall. Hw slw it is! Watch it. Yu will see it will get t the tp at last. S just try a few lines each day, and yu may 5 the prize in the end.”
(　 　)1. A．bk　　　　　 B．bx　　　　　 C．bag　　　　　　D．bttle(　 　)2. A．wrst　　　　 B．best　　　　 C．mst　　　　　D．fastest(　 　)3. A．happy　　　　　B．lw　　　　　 C．sad　　　　　　 D．lud
(　 　)4. A．make　　　　　 B．say　　　　　 C．shw　　　　　　D．see(　 　)5. A．lse　　　　　 B．get　　　　　 C．frget　　　　　D．meet
B(2021内蒙古呼和浩特、包头改编) Shyness nce tk ver my life. When I was 13, in my French lessn, my teacher tld us t 1 urselves speaking abut ur families. I recrded myself with cnfidence. When I pressed “play” t listen back, I 2 my strange vice—just like a little kid. That made me very shy and I 3 attending events frm then n.　
Years after that, I became a teacher in a primary schl. On the first day, my hands culd nt help but sweat(出汗). The weight f my arms was trying t prevent me frm 4 the dr. Thugh a little 5 ， I pened the dr slwly. Suddenly, a wave f laughter flew thrugh the air. Then I 6 ， and felt it was a bad 7 t be a teacher. They did nt seem t mind me at all. After class, a little girl walked up t me and asked, “Culd yu 8 me t read this？” with the mst excited face I have ever seen as if she had just gtten a ckie. “I like yur vice！” she said. I shk my shyness ff and my bdy felt as 9 as a feather(羽毛). Perhaps this was nt such a bad idea after all.
(　 　)1. A．spend　　　　　 B．stp　　　　　　 C．recrd　　　　D．frget(　 　)2. A．sent　　　　　　B．reminded　　　　 C．knew　　　　　　 D．heard(　 　)3. A．avided　　　　 B．practiced　　　 C．remembered　　　 D．liked
(　 　)4. A．pening　　　　 B．answering　　　 C．clsing　　　　　D．hitting(　 　)5. A．calm　　　　 B．nervus　　　　 C．disappinted　　 D．prud(　 　)6. A．passed by　　　B．walked in　　　　 C．std up　　　　　D．set ff
(　 　)7. A．suggestin　　 B．change　　　　　 C．chice　　　　　　D．result(　 　)8. A．advise　　　　 B．encurage　　　　 C．warn　　　　　　D．help(　 　)9. A．sft　　　　B．white　　　　　　 C．light　　　　　　 D．weak
三、用“固定搭配记忆法”完成下列题目。A(2021广西贵港改编) D yu like t drink ht water? Cmpared 1 peple in mst ther cuntries, Chinese peple especially like t drink warm water. D yu knw why?
In the ld days, peple drank water frm the river. The bacteria(细菌) in it culd make them sick. Ancient peple arund the wrld 2 different ways t kill the bacteria in the water. Fr the Chinese, they thught drinking biled water was the easiest way t prtect themselves frm the harmful bacteria．
What's mre, in traditinal Chinese medicine, “yin” and “yang” mean cld and ht energy. It was 3 that the pwer f yur bdy 4 “yang”. And drinking ht water culd nurish(滋养) the “yang” energy. That's why traditinal Chinese dctrs always suggest peple shuld nt drink cld water.
Besides this, befre peple in nrthern China had central heating(中央供暖), it was hard fr them 5 the cld in winter. Drinking ht water helped them keep warm. Anther reasn is that since the early 20th century, the Chinese gvernment has 6 peple t drink mre warm water. It has als helped the Chinese t frm this special habit.
(　 　)1. A．at B．with C．f D．in(　 　)2. A．usedB．tk C．made D．gt(　 　)3. A．healthy B．strng C．clever D．believed
(　 　)4. A．cut ff B．tk ff C．learnt frm D．came frm(　 　)5. A．prevent B．preventing C．t prevent D．prevented(　 　)6. A．allwed B．planned C．warned D．encuraged
BLng lng ag, a man had a cat which he lved very, very much. He thught it was such an unusual animal that he 1 t name it Sky.One day, a friend said t him, “Allw me t 2 t yu that there is smething strnger than sky. I mean the cluds, fr they hide the sky.” “Yu are right，” the man 3 t his friend. “Frm nw 4 ， I'm ging t give my mst unusual cat the name Clud.”
Smetime later, ne f his neighbrs was drinking tea at his huse. “Why d yu call this unusual animal Clud? Fr there is smething much strnger than the cluds. I mean the wind that blws away the cluds 5 it.” S frm then n the man called the cat f which he was s prud by the name f Wind.
(　 　)1. A．decided　　　 B．suggested　　　 C．mentined　　　 D．enjyed(　 　)2. A．carry utB．pint ut　 C．put ut　D．find ut(　 　)3. A．asked　B．added　 C．replied　D．dubted
(　 　)4. A．n　 B．in　　　 C．at　　　D．nt(　 　)5. A．as a result fB．instead f　 C．in frnt f　D．because f
(一)(2020广东) We are nw in the 22nd century.With the develpment f science and technlgy, peple can change their bdies in the way they want.
As years went by，Mr.Smith 1 his lk. Several mnths ag，Mr.Smith went t a bdy engineering shp and 2 a small nse. Small nses were very 3 these years. After the peratin, he lked at himself in the mirrr(镜子) and fund that his 4 hair n lnger fit his new lk. Then he wanted a change t lng hair. When he was leaving, the shp keeper 5 tld him that the shp had a special ffer n ears. At last, Mr. Smith went ut f the shp with a small nse, lng hair and tw new ears.
In the next few weeks, Mr.Smith's interest in his 6 kept grwing. He bught new eyes, new hands and new feet. After that，he lked very yung fr his age, and 7 different. He felt satisfied with himself. Hwever, the 8 in the face and fingerprints brught him much truble. He was 9 t enter places like railway statins and airprts. In the end, he decided t have his ld bdy back! T his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 10 because she culd nt bear(忍受) the bad smell f his ld feet.
(　 　)1. A．was bred fB．was relaxed abut　 C．was excited abut D．was pleased with(　 　)2. A．cared frB．waited fr　 C．asked fr　D．sent fr(　 　)3. A．ppular　B．similar　 C．strange　D．useful
(　 　)4. A．lng　B．shrt　 C．thick　D．thin(　 　)5. A．silently　B．flishly　 C．carelessly　D．suddenly(　 　)6. A．shape　B．age　 C．lifeD．lk
(　 　)7. A．prbably　B．hardly　 C．nearly　D．cmpletely(　 　)8. A．smile　B．change　 C．clr　D．kiss(　 　)9. A．guided　B．refused　 C．frced　D．allwed(　 　)10. A．interest　B．cnditin　 C．decisin　D．situatin
(二)(2019广东)Cindy and Anna were best friends. Sme days they culd spend hurs happily tgether withut any argument, but ther days they just culd nt 1 n what t d.
One day they decided t play in the garden near their schl.“Cme n, let's play chess，” Anna said.“I dn't want t play chess，” Cindy replied.“We always d what yu want t d, Cindy. It's my turn t make a 2 ，” Anna said.She was getting a little unhappy and 3 ， leaving Cindy alne.
Cindy was very angry. 4 she gt hme，she fund she still had Anna's ntebk in her schlbag. “Well, I'm nt giving it back t her tday. I'm t mad at her，” Cindy thught.The next day at schl, their teacher Mrs. Stne 5 their ntebks. But Anna didn't have hers, and she lked 6 . Cindy knew she shuld tell Mrs. Stne that she had the ntebk, but she was 7 mad at Anna．
When it was time fr lunch，Cindy finally tld Mrs. Stne the 8 . “Thank yu fr being 9 ， Cindy. I'm sure Anna will be thankful that yu have given me her ntebk，” said Mrs. Stne.Later, Mrs. Stne asked the tw girls tgether and talked with them. Mrs. Stne helped them 10 that it was a gd idea t take turns t decide the activity. They became best friends again.
(　 　)1. A．agreeB．live C．depend　D．try(　 　)2. A．prmiseB．prject C．decisin　D．dialgue(　 　)3. A．went ver　B．went n　 C．went by　D．went away
(　 　)4. A．Because　B．After　　 C．UnlessD．If(　 　)5. A．gave away　B．asked fr　 C．handed in　D．paid fr(　 　)6. A．wrriedB．nrmal　 C．prudD．relaxed
(　 　)7. A．stillB．never C．usuallyD．almst(　 　)8. A．chance　　B．methd C．truth　D．rule(　 　)9. A．patient　　B．hnest　 C．activeD．quiet(　 　)10. A．describe　B．explain C．guess　 　 D．realize
(三)(2021湖北十堰改编)One day, a farmer was lking fr a water surce fr his farm. S, he went t his neighbr and asked him if he culd sell his well(水井) t him. His neighbr 1 . The farmer bught the well happily. But the neighbr was a cunning(狡猾的) man.
The next day, as the farmer came t get water frm his well, his neighbr came and 2 t let him take any water. The farmer was 3 . He asked, “Why can't I take water? I already bught the well 4 yu.”The neighbr replied, “I sld yu the well, nt the water.”The farmer went t the emperr t 5 justice(公正). He explained what had happened.
The emperr called n Birbal, his 6 curtier(朝臣)．Birbal asked the 7 ， “Why dn't yu let the farmer take water frm the well? Yu did sell the well t the farmer.”The neighbr replied, “I did sell the well t the farmer, but nt the water in it. Therefre, he has n right t get water frm the well.”Birbal asked them t cme later.
The next day, all went t the place where the well was. There Birbal said t the neighbr “Lk, yu are 8 right, and yu sld the well nt the water. Since yu sld the well nt the water, yu have n right t keep the water in the farmer's well. Nw yu have tw chices: Either yu pay a high rent(租金) t the farmer 9 take it ut immediately.”
The neighbr realized that his plan had failed. He said 10 t the farmer and went hme quickly. Cheating will nt get yu anything. If yu cheat, yu will pay sn enugh.
(　 　)1. A．believedB．laughed　　　　 C．preventedD．agreed(　 　)2. A．refusedB．avided　　　 C．cmplained　　　　D．ffered(　 　)3. A．stupidB．surprised　　　　 C．excited　　　　　 D．interested
(　 　)4. A．withB．fr　　　　　　　 C．frmD．t(　 　)5. A．ask frB．wait fr　　　　　 C．lk fr　　　　　D．pay fr(　 　)6. A．ldestB．clsest　　　　　 C．wisest　　　　　　D．busiest
(　 　)7. A．farmerB．neighbr　　　 C．emperr　　　 D．curtier(　 　)8. A．carefully B．wisely　　　　　 C．especially　　　　D．cmpletely(　 　)9. A．andB．but　　　　　　　 C．r　　　　　　　　D．nr(　 　)10. A．nB．hell C．thanks　　　　　　D．srry
(四)(2021广州广雅中学一模)Lni lved her twn where she lived with her grandma． Frm their windw, Lni and her grandma watched peple walk and run alng the 1 street. At the crsswalk, a guide dg was helping its wner 2 the street. “Grandma, I lve living here. I hpe ur twn will never 3 ，” said Lni.
“We have a great twn, Lni.” smiled Grandm A． “But did yu knw that in the past, there were nly 4 here? It lked very different when my great­grandmther was a little girl.” Grandma shwed Lni a picture f a yung girl standing next t a barn. Grandma explained that her great­grandmther's family had cws, sheep and gats fr milk. Even the way f 5 was different back then. There were nly dusty rads in the twn with a river flwing thrugh, and peple mainly went n trip by bat, by hrse r n ft.
“What happened t all the farms and the dusty rads？” asked Lni. “Mre peple came. Over time, farmers sld their 6 t builders wh built stres and schls and paved the rads. It 7 a twn. Peple mved here t find jbs，” said Grandma．
When grandma's mther was brn, cars and hrses shared the rad. Years later, when grandma was brn, hrses are 8 seen n the street any mre.“Our twn has changed a lt，” said Lni 9 . “I believe it will keep grwing and became mre and mre 10 ， just like me.”
(　 　)1. A．quietB．busy C．crwdedD．dusty(　 　)2. A．crssB．explre C．cleanD．chse(　 　)3. A．failB．rise C．changeD．cntrl
(　 　)4. A．memryB．animals C．grassesD．farms(　 　)5. A．travellingB．trading C．plantingD．hunting(　 　)6. A．cwsB．land C．huseD．twn
(　 　)7. A．built upB．gt ready fr C．lighted upD．develped int(　 　)8. A．ftenB．never C．recentlyD．prbably(　 　)9. A．thughtfullyB．pleasantly C．practicallyD．prudly(　 　)10. A．annyingB．cmfrtable C．attractiveD．special
(五)(2021广州大学附属中学一模)Eleven­year­ld Cherry Hlmes is walking alng the beach with her big sister and a friend. Wearing glves t 1 their hands frm any sharp bjects, they are 2 a large rubbish bag with everything frm fishing line and dirty plastic bttles t ld shpping Bags.
The girls are taking part in Internatinal Beach Cleanup Day. It's an annual event that helps peple see the 3 f keeping the wrld's ceans clean and sea­life safe. 4 ， a lt f rubbish never ges int a rubbish bin. Instead, it blws n the wind, and travels dwn rivers t the sea．
Rubbish isn't just ugly—it can be 5 fr animals that live in the water. Smetimes animals get caught up in rubbish and die. Smetimes they eat rubbish that pisns them. Sea turtles, fr example, ften mistake plastic bags fr the jellyfish they lve t eat.“When they first ask us t take part, I felt terrible! We had t 6 rubbish！” says Cherry. “But when I gt there I fund it was really 7 ！ I liked meeting all the ther peple and imprving the 8 ．”
This ne­day event sends ut an imprtant message: “We are all cnnected t the cean. We can help keep the cean clean by 9 rubbish in the right place. Take the extra time t place rubbish in the bin instead f thrwing it n the grund, and 10 everything we can t reduce pllutin，” say the event rganizers.
(　 　)1. A．hideB．prtect C．warmD．wash(　 　)2. A．fillingB．emptying C．makingD．cllecting(　 　)3. A．dangerB．dubt C．imprtanceD．ability
(　 　)4. A．ImprtantlyB．Unfrtunately C．Finally D．Frtunately(　 　)5. A．smellyB．helpful C．attractiveD．dangerus(　 　)6. A．cry utB．find ut C．lk upD．pick up