考点11特殊句式与语法填空&短文改错
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考点11 特殊句式
序号
内容
1
考点解读
命题趋势
2
重点考向
考向1-4 典例引领
3
考点过关
跟踪训练 真题再现 模拟检测
【考点解读】
在高中阶段,特殊句式比较杂乱掌握起来有一定的难度。对特殊句式的考查主要包括倒装句、强调句型,其中倒装句是高考的热点,强调句是高考的难点。同时,祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。
【重点考向】
倒装(全部、部分);强调句型;省略句;反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
考向1 倒装(全部、部分)
全部倒装
1. There be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。例如:
(1) There are many students in the classroom.
(2) Long long ago,there lived a king who loved horses very much.
2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:
Here comes the bus.
Out went the children.
3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:
(1) Then came a new difficulty.
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
6. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:
(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
部分倒装
1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意:
①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
Only when you have finished your homework can you go to the cinema.
②only修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.
2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子:
表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither;
表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;
含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until,not only … but also...,no sooner...than
(1) Never shall I believe you again.
(2) Little did he know who the woman was.
(3) Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
3. 以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。译作“也不是,也没有”。例如:
The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.
-I don’t think I can walk any further.
—Neither can I. Let’s stop for a rest.
注意:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况,译作“的确,正是”时,用正常语序。例如:
— Tom works hard.
— So he does and so do you.
4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
例如:
If there should be a flood,what would we do?→
Should there be a flood,what would we do?
5. 频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时,有时也倒装。
例如:Many a time has he come to comfort me.
6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。例如:May you succeed!
典例引领
1.Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized
C. she has realized D. did she realize
【答案】D【解析】句意:只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候,她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首,引导的时间状语从句,主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。
2.Not until he retired from teaching two years ago ________ he consider having a holiday abroad.
答案:did 句意:直到他两年前从教学岗位上退休,他才考虑去国外度假。not until结构位于句首时,主句使用部分倒装语序,同时后面是实义动词,根据three years ago判断句子用一般过去时,答案为did。
3.Into the dark apartment ________ (walk) David,who was quite surprised when everyone shouted “Happy birthday!”
答案:walked 表示地点的介词短语置于句首,句子用完全倒装。由定语从句中动词的时态可判定此处用一般过去时。
4.Strange ________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
答案:as/though 句意:尽管他的主意可能听起来奇怪,但会上的所有人都接受了。as构成的倒装结构为“n./adj./adv./v.+as+主语+谓语”,though也可以这样用。
考向2 强调句型
1. 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分?
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指物时,只能用that;被强调部分是时间、地点,原因或方式状语时,不用when,where,why或how而用that。
It was the boy that/who I met in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街道遇到的正是这个男孩。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Great Wall.
正是在北京我们参观了长城。(强调地点状语)
It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 在强调句型中,强调原句中的主语时,that/who后的谓语单复数的确定。
在强调句型中,若强调原句中的主语,that/who后的谓语动词的单复数应与被强调的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
It is the little boy who/that has broken a beautiful jar.
It is they who/that are going to attend your birthday party tomorrow.
4. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为"It is/was not until...that..."在这一固定句型中,由于not已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。
I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
5. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义,去掉后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句意仍然明确;而其他句型去掉it is/was和that后,句意不完整。
It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。(强调句型)
It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。(it作形式主语)
6. 使用强调句型的几个注意事项
(1)若被强调成分是主语,who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.是他经常帮我学英语。
It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。
(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词,用主格;若是作宾语的代词,则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。
(3)强调句中只用两种时态,即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was...that/who...,其余的时态用It is...that/who...。
It is you who/that are to blame.是你该受到指责。
典例引领
1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to.
A.who is it that B.who it is that
C.it is who that D.it is whom that
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:我一直很诚实很直率,我和谁谈话不重要。It doesn’t matter后面是主语从句,主语从句是和强调句的特殊问句:疑问词+is/was+it +that+其余部分…,排除CD,另外语序是陈述句语序,排除A。选B。
考点:考查强调句的特殊问句做主语从句
2.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when B.that
C.after D.since
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句型。句意:在哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前郑和已经航行到达东非了。本题是强调句型,首先要知道强调句的结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用who代替that。强调句的用法及判断:如果把句子中的It is/was…that去掉,稍加调整语序,能还原成完整的句子,并且句子意思依然完整,则为强调句型,否则为其他从句。本句强调的是时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。Zheng He had sailed to East Africa 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic.是完整的句子, 故B正确。
考向3 省略句
1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构,且主、从句主语一致时,可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词,只保留分词和其他成分。例如:
Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. (Lost in thought为As he was lost in thought的省略)
2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话,从句的句尾可省略。例如:
(1) Li Lei will play football if Mike will (play football).
(2) Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won’t (sweep the floor).
3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其他部分省略。例如:
— I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
— Not at all. I’d be happy to. (I’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat)
4. 在英语中,有一些特殊的省略结构,如:What/How about...?Why not do...?等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如:
— I usually go there by train.
— Why not try going by boat for a change?
典例引领
1. Evidence suggests that you can remove more germs(病菌)from your hands for this amount of time while (wash)your hands.
【答案】washing
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:有证据表明,在洗手的过程中,你可以在这段时间内去除手上更多的细菌。此处补全为while you are washing your hands。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ,70)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案:feeding 此处是省略句。状语从句主语为it,谓语动词含有be动词时,可以省略it和be。由“连词+doing”构成,表示主动的动作。相当于while it is feeding its citizens ... 。
3,.I hope you'll visit China next month. If ________, I'd like to be your tour guide.
答案:so if so “如果这样的话”,属于省略。
考向4 反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
形式:句子+简短的疑问
1.反意疑问句的一般情况:
(1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体也可用he。例如:
Everyone knows what money means,doesn’t he/don’t they?
(2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。
例如: These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?
(3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等时,附加问句中的主语用it。
例如:Everything seems all right now,doesn’t it?
(4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加问句一般用肯定式。
例如:She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?
2.常见句型的反意疑问句:
(1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时,其后的附加问句也用there。
There will be a special exhibition on tomorrow,won’t there?
(2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题:
①祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问部分只能用will you。
Don’t forget the meeting,will you?
②祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。
Give me some cigarettes,will you/ won’t you?
3.复合句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是“I’m sure,I’m afraid,I don’t think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
4.关于情态动词的反意疑问句:
(1) 陈述部分中有have/had to,附加疑问句部分通常用do的相应形式代替。例如:
You have to get up early tomorrow to catch the first bus,don’t you?
(2) 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must;陈述部分中的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分则是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。
(3) 陈述部分是I wish,表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I。
例如:I wish to see you again,may I?
祈使句
祈使句的主语是you,但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时,一般得补出主语you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。
在“祈使句,+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,当祈使句中含有比较级时,可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略,只留下“比较级或比较级与名词,+and/or/and then+句子”。
感叹句
句型:what +a(n)+adj +n.+主语+be!;How +adj/adv.+主语+动词!
典例引领
1.【2015·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept
C. keep D. have kept
【答案】C
【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
2.The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. a dangerous scene it was!
【答案】What
【解析】考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知此处为感叹句,为”What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”结构,故填What。
【考点过关】
1.The organization broke no rules, but ________ had it acted responsibly.
A.neither B.so C.either D.both
2.It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ permitted to return to their homes.
A.would villagers be B.villagers would be
C.should villagers be D.villagers should be
3.Chinese poetry, _________ as both lyrical and enigmatic(高深莫测) on first reading, proves penetrating (渗透的) and profound once ________ in depth.
A.is described; is explored B.described;explored
C.being described; exploring D.described;is explored
4.There is an illness that can result in total blindness ______ left untreated.
A.after B.if C.since D.unless
5.It was with great joy________ he found his lost daughter.
A.which B.because C.that D.since
6.It was only after experiencing the failure________ he began to train seriously and he won the championship in the 400-metcr freestyle a year later.
A.when B.whether C.that D.which
7.________ is the most hard-working student in our class?
A.Do you think whom B.Who do you think
C.Whom do you think D.You think who
8. _____ be sent to work there when you are away?
A.Who do you suggest who should B.Do you suggest who should
C.Who do you suggest D.Do you suggest whom should
9.Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A.there to be a chance B.there being a chance C.there be a chance D.there is a chance
10.There ____neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch.
A.had been B.was C.being D.has been
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account决不,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,应该做should do,敢于做dare do,根据句意表示”应该“,故选A。
2. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.
【答案】They改为There
【解析】考查there be句型。句意:有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系,且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将They改为There。
3.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
4.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词,连接并列结构,and后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中。
只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
6.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
7.【2017·天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
考点:考查强调句型。
8.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
9.【2016·天津】13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
1.Was it in Tianjin ________ you spent your childhood?
A.when B.which C.that D.why
2.If in a scientific way, this kind of dog will be able to work as a guide for the blind.
A.training B.having trained C.trained D.to train
3.Hearing the cat coming, away ________.
A.ran all the mice B.running all the time
C.all the mice ran D.did all the mice run
4.— Were you worried about him last night?
— Yes. It was________.
A.until he returned that I went to bed
B.until he returned that I slept well
C.not until he returned that I went to bed
D.not until did he return that I went to sleep
5.I wonder why you won’t do it as ________ and it’s the third time you have done so.
A.told you B.be told C.told to D.you told
6.It is the mass media and government white papers _______ play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
A.that B.which C.what D.who
7.It is the developed countries ________ use the most energy in the world.
A.which B.where C.when D.that
8.--- ________bargaining is always such great fun?
---Usually people consider it a test to see who can stand their ground longer.
A.What is it that B.Why is it that C.What it is that D.Why it is that
9.There is no denying that it was drug use________ badly damaged Houston's voice and ruined her life.
A.which B.that C.what D./
10.It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_______ makes life happy.
A.what B.how C.that D.it
【考点过关】参考答案
1.A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:该组织没有违反任何规则,但其行为也不负责任地。A. neither也不;B. so如此;C. either也;D. both两者都。根据had it acted responsibly.可知后半句倒装句。neither为否定词,谓语句首,后面的句子发生部分倒装。使用so的前提是前面句子必须是肯定句。故选A。
2.A
【详解】考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:据宣布,只有当火势得到控制时,村民们才会被允许返回家园。当only+状语放在句首时,主句应用部分倒装。此处表示“会”应用would。故选A。
3.B
【详解】考查非谓语动词和省略句。句意:初读时被描述为既抒情又高深莫测的中国诗歌,一旦深入探索就会证明其具有穿透力和深刻性。第一空,分析句子结构可知describe在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语Chinese poetry构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语;第二空,once引导状语从句时,常省略和主句相同的主语,和从句中的be动词,此处从句描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,从句完整为once(Chinese poetry is)explored in depth。故选B。
4.B
【详解】考查从属连词和状语从句中的省略。句意:有一种疾病如果不治疗就会导致完全失明。A. after 在……之后;B.if 如果;C.since自从;D.unless除非。根据句意可知,“不治疗”是“导致完全失明”的条件,故用if来引导条件状语从句,符合句意;从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语中包含be动词,所以省略了从句的主语和be动词,还原后为“if it is left untreated”。故选B项。
5.C
【详解】考查强调句型。句意:他很高兴地找到了丢失的女儿。分析可知,该句去掉it was和设空处依然是完整的句子,由此可知此处考查强调句型:It is/was +强调部分+that(如果强调部分指人,也可用who代替that)+其他。该句强调状语with great joy,应用that。故选C。
6.C
【详解】考查强调句。句意:在经历了失败后,他开始认真训练,并在一年后赢得了400米自由泳冠军。分析句子可知,该句去掉It was和设空处仍然是完整的句子,由此可知此处考查该强调句,结构为:It is + 被强调部分 + that/who(强调人时可用who)...,该句被强调部分为状语,只能用that。故选C项。
7.B
【详解】考查插入语。句意:你认为我们班谁最用功?本句为特殊疑问句,do you think做插入语,意为“你认为”,置于特殊疑问词之后,用倒装语序,在其后的特殊疑问句使用陈述语序,又因本句缺少主语,指人,用who,可排除C项,故选B。
8.C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:你建议你不在的时候派谁去那里工作?句中的do you suggest用作插入语,置于特殊疑问词之后,且suggest作“建议”解时其后的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,此用法中的should往往省略。故选C。
9.B
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意:安从来没有想过她会有机会很快被送到国外去。分析句子可知,there be结构作介词of的宾语,是独立主格结构。be动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系。故选B项。
10.C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为家里既没有煤气也没有电,我们不得不到最近的餐馆去吃午饭。句中已有谓语动词had to go to ,且句中无连词,因此此处用there be的非谓语形式there being作原因状语,故选C项。
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account决不,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,应该做should do,敢于做dare do,根据句意表示”应该“,故选A。
2. 【答案】They改为There
【解析】考查there be句型。句意:有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系,且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将They改为There。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
4.【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词,连接并列结构,and后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中。
只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
5.【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
6.【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
7.【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头,后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
考点:考查强调句型。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
9.【答案】D
【解析】句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
1.C
【详解】考查强调句式。句意:你是在天津度过童年的吗。分析句子可知,本句为强调句式的一般疑问句,Is/Was it +强调部分+that+剩余句子部分。故选C项。
2.C
【详解】考查省略句。句意:如果经过科学训练,这种狗就能给盲人当向导。在if引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be;此处主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,从句完整形式为“If this kind of dog is trained in a scientific way”,相当于省略了this kind of dog is。故选C。
3.A
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:听到猫来了,所有的老鼠都跑开了。away是表示方位地点的副词,置于句首,且主语是名词时,用完全倒装,即将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。故选A。
4.C
【详解】考查强调句。句意:——昨晚你担心他吗?——是的。直到他回来我才上床睡觉。根据“Were you worried about him last night?”可知,此处是指直到他回来“我”才上床睡觉,选项A和选项B不符合句意,排除选项A和选项B。not until放在句首,主句使用部分倒装,选项D不符合,排除选项D。此处为it强调句句型 “it is+被强调部分(主语/宾语/状语)+that/who+其它部分”,选项C中强调状语“not until he returned”。故选C。
5.C
【详解】考查省略句。句意:我不明白你为什么不照我说的做,这已经是你第三次这么做了。分析句子可知,主句和从句的主语都为you,当主句和从句的主语一致时,从句的主语和系动词可以省略,此处时在told to之前去了you are,故选C。
6.A
【详解】考查强调句型。句意:大众传媒和政府白皮书在外来词的传播中扮演着重要的角色。强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 其它”,当被强调部分指人时,可以用who。强调句型的特点为去掉It is/was和that/who,其余内容仍然为完整的句子。本句在去掉It is和空白处之后,句子仍然完整。所以本句使用了强调句型,被强调部分为the mass media and government white papers,指物,故选A。
7.D
【详解】考查强调句。句意:世界上使用能源最多的是发达国家。分析句子可知,本句是强调句,陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分,本句强调部分为主语the developed countries,用that。故选D项。
8.B
【详解】考查强调句。句意:——为什么讨价还价总是如此有趣呢?——通常人们认为这是一个考验,看看谁能更长时间地坚持自己的立场。此处是强调句型的特殊问句,应该用“特殊疑问词+ is/was + it that...”,答句给出了答疑,句中应询问原因,故用疑问词why,故选B项。
9.B
【详解】考查强调句。句意:不可否认,吸毒严重损害了休斯顿的嗓音,毁掉了她的生活。that之后的句式为强调句式:其结构为:it be +强调部分+that+句子。故选B项。
10.C
【详解】
考查强调句型。句意是:不是我们喜欢做的事情,而是我们不得不做的事情使我们的生活快乐。去掉“it’s”和空处剩下部分可以构成完整的句子,可知此处是强调句“It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他成分”,被强调部分为人时,可用who替换that,此处被强调部分为not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do,应用that。故选B。