考点13定语从句与语法填空&短文改错

考点13 定语从句
序号
内容
1
考点解读
命题趋势
2
重点考向
考向1-3 典例引领
3
考点过关
跟踪训练 真题再现 模拟检测
【考点解读】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
【重点考向】
考查关系代词和关系副词的区分；考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
考向1 关系代词引导的定语从句
who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
that，which引导的定语从句
1．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。
2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
3．下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法
（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the
same ...as ...；such ...as ...；so/as ...as ...
（2）the same ...as与the same ...that的区别：

典例引领
1【2020·江苏卷】.Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2. 【2018·浙江卷】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
3.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
考向2 关系副词引导的定语从句
常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)
1. 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。
2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3.why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that...。
4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。
典例引领
1. 【2020·全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
3.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
考向3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的几种结构：
（1）介词＋关系代词
（2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词
（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词
＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词
与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。
2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。
1. whose的用法
①whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。
②whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。
③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。
在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词 of＋which”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。
2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。
①定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用 whose。
典例引领
1.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
2.This is the building _______ the windows have been painted green.
A．whose B．that C．which D．of which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是窗户被漆成绿色的那幢大楼。此处building作先行词，指物，介词后面，指物用which引导定语从句，该句中of是介词，故选D项。
3.He has many books, are written in English.
A．most of them B．most of whom C．most of which D．most of those
【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：他有许多书，大部分是用英语写的。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词book，且做介词of的宾语，指物应用关系代词which。故选C。
【考点过关】

1．I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go.
A．that B．where C．which D．why
2．Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled.
A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which
3．American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A．who B．whom C．about whom D．with whom
4．He wrote a letter________ explained what had happened in the accident.
A．what B．how C．where D．which
5．I forgot the website _______ I intended to add to my favorite. It can help me learn how to write English composition.
A．which B．where C．when D．on which
6．Mary lives in the room , the door ________ opens east.
A．Of it B．of which C．of what D．whose
7．Mike’s disappointment was shared by several players who were present, ________ were so upset that they shouted at the judge.
A．some of them B．some of which
C．some of that D．some of whom
8．The old man has two sons, _________ are working in the supermarket.
A．both of whom B．each of them C．both of them D．all of whom
9．Here are four experiments we have to finish before June 6th, ________ two should be done in the wild.
A．of which B．whose C．in which D．that
10．At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain,________ we saw a beautiful sunrise.
A．in where B．in which C．which D．from where

1.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
2．（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
3. （2020天津高考真题）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
4. （2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
5.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
7.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
9.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
10.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
11.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
12.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
13.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.

1．I don’t like the way ________ he talks with his parents.
A．which B．in which C．how D．where
2．The place ________ you are going to visit is the ruins of a palace.
A．in which B．at which C．where D．which
3．The activity hopes to give people ________ opinions are rarely heard the chance to tell their story.
A．their B．whose C．those D．the
4．I can't believe the restaurant ________ I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down.
A．at where B．at which C．which D．that
5．Tom will go to Shanghai, ________ he plans to stay for one week.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
6．I'm considering buying a dictionary, ______ is a great help in our study.
A．which B．what C．that D．as
7．There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin, ______ I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.
A．which B．where C．among them D．among which
8．I shall never forget those days ________ I lived in the army with the soldiers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A．that; which B．when; which
C．when; that D．which; that
9．I’ll never forget the days ________we spent in the quiet village 10 years ago.
A．when B．that C．whose D．why
10．A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
A．that B．which C．where D．what
【考点过关】参考答案

1．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语。故选B。
2.【答案】A
【详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。
3．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：美国女性通常认为最好的朋友是能经常交谈的人。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，先行词为someone，表示人，先行词作定语从句中talk with的宾语，此题中将with提到引导词前，with为介词，后面用whom。故选D项。
4．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，解释了事故中发生了什么。此处是定语从句，先行词是a letter，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故选D项。
5．A
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我忘了我打算添加到我的收藏夹的这个网站。它可以帮助我学习如何写英语作文。此处是定语从句，先行词是 the website，指物，在从句中作动词add的宾语，用关系代词that或which引导。故选A项。
6．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽住在那间门朝东的房间里。分析句子结构，此处为定语从句，排除A项和C项；先行词the room和the door有所属关系，the +名词+of which/whom=whose+名词，此处the room指物，需用which引导定语从句。故选B。
7．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当时在场的几个选手也和 迈克一样失望，其中一些人非常沮丧，冲着裁判大喊大叫。分析可知，设空处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句。空白处表示“一些队员”some of players, 先行词为players，此处作介词of的宾语，所以关系代词要用whom，结合选项，选项D符合题意，故选D。
8．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位老人有两个儿子，他们都在超市工作。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，需用引导词whom，排除B项和C项；结合two sons可知，此处表示两者，需用代词both，表示“两者都”，all表示“三者以上都”。故选A。
9．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这里有4个实验需要在6月6日前完成，其中2个需要在野外完成。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词是four experiments，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，还原定语从句是：of four experiments two should be done in the wild.表示“四个实验中的两个”，指物，故用关系代词which。故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后我们找到了一条通往山顶的路，在那里我们看到了美丽的日出。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，where代表the top of the mountain这个地方，from where=from the top of the mountain，需要注意的是which只能代表the mountain，故选D。

1.【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3．C
【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree，关系代词which在句中指代先行词degree(程度)，表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。
4. 【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
7.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
8.【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
9.【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
10.【答案】
In the cafe, customers will enjoy  themselves in the historical environment  is created for them. 
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
11.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
12.【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
13.【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。

1．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way，way作先行词时，可用in which、that或省略关系词。故选B。
2．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你将要参观的地方是一座宫殿的废墟。分析可知，“________ you are going to visit”为之前名词“The place”的定语从句，先行词在从句作动词“visit”的宾语，应用关系代词which作为从句引导词。故选D项。
3．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该活动希望给那些很少听到自己意见的人一个机会来讲述自己的故事。分析句子结构可知，此空引导定语从句opinions are rarely heard，先行词是people，结合句意，先行词是opinions的定语，两者之间是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选B。
4．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不敢相信我在那里吃过那么美味的饭菜的餐馆要关门了。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，结合短语at the restaurant可知应用介词at；作介词的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物，只能用which。故选B。
5．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆将去上海，他计划在那里呆一个星期。分析句子可知，Shanghai为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选D项。
6．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我正在考虑买一本字典，它对我们的学习很有帮助。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词dictionary，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导。what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；as引导非限制性定语从句时，主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等，此处不符合。故选A。
7．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词attractions，表示“在那些景点之中”，用介词among，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，所以用among which引导。故选D项。
8．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记和士兵们一起在部队生活的那些日子，这些日子对我的生活影响很大。本句中有两处定语从句，第一处为“ ________ I lived in the army with the soldiers”，先行词为days，且关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语，应填关系副词when；第二处为“________has a great effect on my life”，是非限制性定语从句，其修饰限定的是前面的一整个句子，且关系词在从句中充当主语，应填关系代词which。故选B项。
9．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记10年前我们在这个安静的村庄度过的日子。句中先行词为 days ，在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
10．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个手还在流血的人匆匆走了进来，问道:“这附近有医院吗?我的手受伤了，能弄到药吗?”分析句子结合句意可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为hospital，指地点，所以用关系副词where引导从句，修饰先行词hospital，where作从句的地点状语，故选C项。