Unit 2 Out of this world（A卷·夯实基础）（解析版） 高中英语新牛津译林版选择性必修第三册（2022年）

这是一份Unit 2 Out of this world（A卷·夯实基础）（解析版） 高中英语新牛津译林版选择性必修第三册（2022年），共14页。
Unit 2 Out of this world测试 （A卷·夯实基础）
（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共10小题:每小题2分, 满分20分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2020·全国·高一单元测试）Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs , the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18 , 300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its 2017 Astronaut Candidate Programme, but out of those 18 , 300 applicants, just 8 to 14 will be hired by the US space agency.
It will take NASA 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files , which will later go to its current team of astronauts , to make sure they meet the basic qualifications.
The first requirement is that the applicants must be the US citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1 , 000 hours as a jet airline pilot.
There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality tests as well. What kinds of personality qualities is NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA's Selection Manager Anne Romer said , “I think leadership, teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team , but also follow , be a follower on a team matter. Communication certainly plays a role, so it's some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions. ”
About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected , they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight- things like learning about all the systems used by NASA , walking in space and Russian language training. Until the US has a working vehicle to launch into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.
1．What is the percentage of employment among the applicants?
A．About half of them. B．About 8 to 14.
C．About 120. D．Less than 0. 08 per cent.
2．Which do you think is the most important personality quality according to NASA's Selection Manager?
A．Devotion. B．Communication.
C．Team spirit. D．Perseverance.
3．What may be the best title for this text?
A．NASA Astronaut Candidate Programme B．NASA welcomes its most applicants ever
C．What it takes to be a NASA astronaut D．What an astronaut should train in
【答案】DCC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局招收宇航员的条件。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“..but out of those 18 ,300 applicants ,just 8 to 14. will be hired by the US space agency.”（在申请的18 300人当中，仅仅会有8到14人被美国航天局录用）所以录取率最高为14/18300, 即还不足0. 08% ，选项D与文意相符，故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“NASA's Selection Manager Anne Romer said , “I think leadership, teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team , but also follow , be a follower on a team matter. Communication certainly plays a role, so it's some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions. ””（美国宇航局选拔经理安妮·罗默说，“我认为领导、团队合作，不仅能在团队中工作，领导团队，而且能跟随，成为团队事务的追随者。沟通当然起着作用，所以我认为这是一些相当常见的技能，我认为它可以转化成其他职业。”）可推知，团队合作精神是美国国家航空航天局认为候选人应具备的最重要的个性特征，选项C与文意一致，故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs , the first thing would be to fill out the application. ”（你想成为 NASA 的宇航员吗？像很多工作一样，首先要填写申请表。），第二段第一句“It will take NASA 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts.”（美国宇航局需要18个月来决定，谁将成为新一代的宇航员。）第三、四段提到的成为宇航员的条件，最后一段中“Once selected , they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight- things like learning about all the systems used by NASA , walking in space and Russian language training. ”（一旦被选中，他们必须完成为期两年的有关太空飞行的所有训练，比如学习 NASA使用的所有系统，太空行走和俄语训练。）可知，本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局招收宇航员的条件，选项C. “What it takes to be a NASA astronaut”（怎样才能成为NASA 的宇航员）符合文意，故选C。
B
（2021·浙江大学附属中学高三阶段练习）On February 22, 2021, cancer survivor Hayley Areeneaux was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4 — the world’s first civilian astronaut mission. The 29-year-old will make history as the youngest American — and the first with a false limb — to travel to space.
Hayley’s space dreams began two decades ago, however, the young girl’s dreams were derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma — a type of bone cancer. Fortunately, the fatal disease had been caught early and the experts at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis were able to reduce its spread through chemotherapy. Arceneaux said she never thought she would be able to go to space. But when the call came “out of the blue” from Jared Isaacman, CEO and founder of Shift4 Payments, asking her if she would like to go to space, she said without hesitation, “Yes, yes, absolutely!”
Isaacman had always intended to go to space. Hence when SpaceX announced the world’s first all-commercial astronaut mission, the 37-year-old billionaire, instantly booked the available four seats. The flying enthusiast announced that he would donate three seats to members of the general public. Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, will represent the pillar (支柱) of “hope” — a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work as a physician at St. Jude. The remaining passengers, representing the pillars of “generosity” and “prosperity”, will be chosen randomly to raise $200 million for St. Jude, which treats children at no charge.
Before the mission launch later this year, the crew will undergo intense training. The mission, which will orbit Earth every 90 minutes, will be carefully monitored by SpaceX mission control scientists from Earth. Upon the mission’s completion, the Dragon will reenter Earth’s atmosphere for a soft water landing off the coast of Florida.
4．What does the underlined phrase “out of the blue” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Sadly. B．Suddenly.
C．Randomly. D．Strangely.
5．Why would Jared Isaacman donate the last two seats to members of the general public?
A．To promote his company’s products
B．To seek help for disabled children.
C．To inspire interests in space travel.
D．To raise funds for a cancer hospital.
6．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Hayley Arceneaux Became The Youngest American travelling in Space
B．“The Sky Is Not Even The Limit” For Jared Isaacman
C．Cancer Survivor To Become The Youngest American In Space
D．Hayley’s Space Dreams Were Derailed By Osteosarcoma
【答案】BDC
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了癌症幸存者Hayley Areeneaux将成为去太空旅行的人中最年轻的美国人。
4．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Arceneaux said she never thought she would be able to go to space. (Arceneaux说，她从没想过自己能上太空。)”说明Arceneaux从来没有想到过自己能上太空，从而推知划线词句“But when the call came ‘out of the blue’ from Jared Isaacman, CEO and founder of Shift4 Payments, asking her if she would like to go to space, she said without hesitation, ‘Yes, yes, absolutely!’(但当Shift4 Payments的CEO兼创始人Jared Isaacman‘out of the blue’打来电话，问她是否愿意去太空时，她毫不犹豫地说：‘是的，是的，绝对愿意!’)”其中划线短语应为“意想不到，突然”的意思，选项B“突然”与之意义最为接近。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The flying enthusiast announced that he would donate three seats to members of the general public. Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, will represent the pillar (支柱) of “hope” — a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work as a physician at St. Jude. The remaining passengers, representing the pillars of “generosity” and “prosperity”, will be chosen randomly to raise $200 million for St. Jude, which treats children at no charge. (这位飞行爱好者宣布，他将向公众捐赠三个座位。Hayley是第一个被宣布的机组成员，她将代表着“希望”的支柱——这是对她在癌症中幸存并作为一名医生在St. Jude前线工作的致敬。其余的乘客代表着“慷慨”和“繁荣”两大支柱，他们将被随机挑选出来，为St. Jude免费提供儿童服务，筹集2亿美元。)”可知，Jared Isaacman要把最后两个座位捐给普通民众是为了为癌症医院筹集资金。故选D项。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“On February 22, 2021, cancer survivor Hayley Areeneaux was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4 — the world’s first civilian astronaut mission. The 29-year-old will make history as the youngest American — and the first with a false limb — to travel to space.( 2021年2月22日，癌症幸存者Hayley Areeneaux被选为SpaceX FixoT4的四名宇航员之一，这是世界上第一个民用宇航员任务。这位29岁的年轻人将创造历史，成为最年轻的美国人——也是第一个假肢——去太空旅行。)”可知，本文主要报道了癌症幸存者Hayley Areeneaux将成为去太空旅行的人中最年轻的美国人。选项C“癌症幸存者将成为太空中最年轻的美国人”突出本文主题，适合做标题。故选C项。
C
（2021·辽宁·高三阶段练习）Frequent goodbyes to her family come hand-in-hand with Wang Yaping's tough training. This time, however, her goodbye sparked joy in her 5-year-old daughter's eyes as she was “shooting for the stars” even if this was her longest separation from her mother. Wang took part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed task on Oct. 16. She became the first woman to enter China's space station.
Born in 1980 to a farmer family in Shandong Province, Wang loved jogging and was a high-scoring forward on the basketball court in school. In 1997, Wang was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment program by her classmates because she was good at sports. In fact, she had been considering applying to teaching college.
Given her strong build and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all tests. After four years of systemic education and tough training, Wang eventually learned to fly four different types of aircraft before graduation.
Wang Yaping's dream of becoming an astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei's 2003 space flight. She desired to become a female going into space. In May 2010, Wang was elected as one of China's female astronauts, The joy of being selected did not last long as the even tougher training quickly sank in.
She had to stand eight times the force of gravity in a spinning centrifuge. Blood can't flow to the brain properly, causing a temporary lack of oxygen and even blindness. Wang ever volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male trainees.
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space task in 2013. She earned the title of China's first space teacher after giving a space lecture to students from n orbit above the Earth's surface.
A team of Chinese university students specializing in aerospace, art, architecture and music translated universe rays into music. They said the project was inspired by Wang's live space lecture, when they were teenagers.
7．Why was Wang's daughter happy this time?
A．Wang promised to play games with her.
B．Wang would come back sooner than usual.
C．Wang's training would be less hard than before.
D．Wang would fly into space for an honourable task.
8．What had Wang Yaping been planning to become when she was in high school?
A．A teacher. B．An astronaut. C．An athlete. D．A soldier.
9．What kind of person is Wang according to the text?
A．Sociable and intelligent. B．Determined and ambitious.
C．Generous and strong-willed. D．Confident and warm-hearted
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Space knowledge has been popularized in universities.
B．Most teenagers will choose astronauts as future occupation.
C．The flame for space interest has been lit in young generation.
D．The young project team will be successors of next space flight.
【答案】DABC
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国女航天员王亚平的故事。王亚平凭借出色的身体条件和心理素质，进入航空学院学习，通过多年的不懈的努力，成为中国首位进驻中国空间站的女航天员。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This time, however, her goodbye sparked joy in her 5-year-old daughter's eyes as she was “shooting for the stars” even if this was her longest separation from her mother. Wang took part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed task on Oct. 16. She became the first woman to enter China's space station.(然而，这一次，她的告别在她5岁的女儿眼中激起了喜悦，因为她正在“奔向群星”，即使这是她与母亲最长的分离。王亚平于10月16日执行了神舟13号载人任务。她成为第一位进入中国空间站的女性)”可知，这次女儿很开心是因为妈妈要到太空执行一项光荣的任务。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In fact, she had been considering applying to teaching college.(事实上，这位17岁的年轻人一直在考虑申请师范大学)”可知，她中学时一直打算将来当老师。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Wang Yaping's dream of becoming an astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei's 2003 space flight. She desired to become a female going into space.(王亚平成为字航员的梦想是受到杨利伟2003年太空飞行的启发。她渴望成为一名进入太空的女性)”可知，她是有志向的；根据第五段“She had to stand eight times the force of gravity in a spinning centrifuge. Blood can't flow to the brain properly, causing a temporary lack of oxygen and even blindness. Wang even volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male trainees.(她必须在旋转的离心机中承受八倍于重力的力，血液不能正常流入大脑，导致暂时缺氧，甚至失明。王亚平甚至自愿接受与男性学员相同的标准)”可知，她意志坚定。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A team of Chinese university students specializing in aerospace, art, architecture and music translated universe rays into music. They said the project was inspired by Wang's live space lecture, when they were teenagers.(一支由中国大学生组成的专门从事航空航天、艺术、建筑和音乐的团队将宇宙射线转化为音乐。他们说，该项目的灵感来自王亚平的太空讲座，当时他们还是青少年)”可推知，年轻一代点燃了太空兴趣的火焰。故选C。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·山东·夏津第一中学高三阶段练习）In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets. ____11____ The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space, then?
____12____ From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.
With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier. ____13____ Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.
Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. ____14____ Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and research assistants.
Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children's lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. ____15____A．This is clearly not the case.
B．It is in our nature to explore.
C．The universe is too mysterious to explore.
D．One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.
E．It can also provide a variety of career opportunities.
F．These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas.
G．When you've seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing anything is possible!
【答案】ABDEG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。探索未知是人类与生俱来的，太空探索技术的发展也能帮助解决人类面临的一些大问题，带来经济效益，创造更多工作机会，且对孩子们来说是一种激励。
11．根据上文“In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets.（1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为很快我们就会定期访问其他行星）”和下文“The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. （事实是太空探索是非常困难和危险的）”可知，上文提到人们认为很快就可以定期访问其它行星，下文提到太空探索的艰难，由此推知空处陈述事实并不是人们设想的那样。A项“事实显然并非如此”符合题意，this指代上文人们的设想。故选A。
12．根据下文“From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places.（从人类出现在地球上的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们不断探索新的领域）”可知，人类对未知的探索是与生俱来的。B项 “探索是我们的天性”符合题意。故选B。
13．根据上文“With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier.（随着太空探索技术的发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更容易）”和下文“Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.（它们最初用于航天飞船发射，现在也被设置在地震频率高的城市，以保护建筑物和挽救生命）”可知，上文提到太空探索技术的发展也可以帮助解决人类面临的重大问题，而下文介绍了用于地震频发城市的一项技术，由此推知空处举例介绍一种用于地震的太空探索技术。D项 “其中之一是地震减震器”符合题意，earthquake是关键词，下文的they指代选项中的 earthquake shock absorbers。故选D。
14．根据上文“Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. （虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但它实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长） ”和下文“Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. （太空工业的工作远不止宇航员）”可知，上文提到了太空探索带来的经济效益，而下文则提到了工作，由此推知空处陈述它还带来了工作机会。E项“它也可以提供各种各样的工作机会”符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系，选项中的It 指代上文的space exploration。故选E。
15．空处位于段末，应起总结作用。根据上文“Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children's lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future.（此外，这些令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人难以置信的鼓舞人心的见证。这些时刻一直塑造着孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师）”可知，G项 “当你看到一个人在月球上行走，你就会相信一切皆有可能!”符合题意，与上文承接自然，选项中的walk on the moon呼应上文的astronauts walking on the Moon。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022·全国·高二课时练习）The International Space Station (ISS) is a huge space station. It is being ____16____ by thousands of people from 16 countries. All these people are trying to find out if humans can one day build ____17____ in space.
Floating 230 miles above Earth, the International Space Station currently ____18____ huge building-block project out in space. US space shuttles and Russian rockets have been ____19____ tools and pieces of the ____20____ into space to help finish building it. From the beginning of its construction in 1998 to its ____21____ more than 100 major pieces will be put together to create this amazing space station. When ____22____, it will be the largest structure ever to fly above Earth. The ISS will be larger than a football field and will weigh about one million pounds.
In addition to helping build the space station, ____23____ are trying to answer such questions as these: How does space travel affect germs? Does the human body break down food ____24____ in space? Someday, the station may even serve as a launchpad (发射台) for trips to other _____25_____, such as Mars. Because of its impressive size, the ISS needs a lot of _____26_____. Like other man-made bodies in space, its power comes from the sun. To create solar, energy, large panels (嵌板) are lined with special materials. These materials _____27_____ the sun’s energy and change it into electricity.
So what does it cost to build such a _____28_____ ? It costs over $ 60 billion dollars. _____29_____ this may seem astronomical, it may be a small price to pay for a project that enables some of the world’s finest scientists to work together, exploring space for the world‘s _____30_____.
16．A．discussed B．used C．driven D．constructed
17．A．schools B．shops C．homes D．factories
18．A．looks like B．comes from C．turns into D．belongs to
19．A．changing B．transporting C．breaking D．dividing
20．A．station B．material C．metal D．product
21．A．design . B．progress C．popularity D．completion
22．A．applied B．closed C．entered D．finished
23．A．scientists B．professors C．architects D．workers
24．A．differently B．actively C．instantly D．wholly
25．A．surfaces B．planets C．locations D．lands
26．A．astronauts B．experts C．power D．space
27．A．collect B．produce C．provide D．consume
28．A．house B．structure C．mode D．system
29．A．Since B．If C．When D．Although
30．A．existence B．future C．peace D．dream
【答案】DCABA DDAAB CABDB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的建设情况。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由来自16个国家的数千人建造的。A. discussed讨论；B. used 用；C. driven 开车；D. constructed建造。由后文的“ From the beginning of its construction in 1998”可知，这里应该讲的是国际空间站的修建。故选D项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些人都在试图发现人类是否有一天能在太空中建设家园。A. schools学校；B. shops商店；C. homes家；D. factories工厂。根据前面“humans can one day”可知，整句话上升到人类是否在外太空生存的高度，所以应讲人们希望在太空建造家园。故选C项。
18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：目前，国际空间站漂浮在距地球230英里的高空，看起来就像一个巨大的太空建筑工程。A. looks like看起来像；B. comes from来自；C. turns into变成；D. belongs to属于。根据下文“huge building-block ”表“巨大积木”可知，此处形容空间站像积木一样。故选A项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭一直在将空间站的工具和部件运送到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A. changing改变；B. transporting运输；C. breaking打破；D. dividing划分。根据前文“Floating 230 miles above Earth”可知，空间站离地球很远，工具和部件是从地球运输到太空的。故选B项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国的航天飞机和俄罗斯的火箭一直在将空间站的工具和部件运送到太空，来帮助完成空间站的建设。A. station站；B. material原材料；C. metal金属；D. product产品。根据后文“this amazing space station”可知，此处应表示为空间站（的工具和部件）。故选A项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从1998年开始建造到完成，将有100多个主要部件组装在一起，创造出这个令人惊叹的空间站。A. design 设计；B. progress进步；C. popularity流行；D. completion完成。根据前面“From the beginning of its construction”中“开始建造”对应，此处应选完成（建造）。故选D项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：建成后，它将成为有史以来在地球上空飞行的最大的建筑。A. applied应用；B. closed关闭；C. entered进入；D. finished完成。根据前面“construction”可知，太空站在建造中，此处指太空站完成建造后情况。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建造空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？ A. scientists科学家；B. professors教授；C. architects建筑师；D. workers工人。根据后文“some of the world’s finest scientists to work together”前后对应，此处应填科学家。故选A项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了帮助建造空间站外，科学家们还试图回答这样的问题：太空旅行如何影响细菌？人体在太空中分解食物的方式不同吗？A. differently不同的；B. actively活跃的；C. instantly立即地；D. wholly完全地。根据下文 “in space”可知，本句主要表达太空的生活方式和地球的不同。故选A项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，空间站甚至可能成为前往其他星球（如火星） 的发射台。A. surfaces表面；B. planets星球；C. locations位置；D. lands地。根据后文“Mars”火星可知，此处主要讲星球。故选B项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于其巨大的体积，国际空间站需要大量的能量。A. astronauts宇航员；B. experts专家；C. power能量；D. space空间。根据后文“its power comes from the sun”可知，此处应填能量。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些材料收集太阳的能量并将其转化为电能。A. collect收集；B. produce生产；C. provide提供；D. consume消费。根据后文的“change it into electricity”可知，在太阳能转换电能之前是收集太阳能。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么建造这样一个结构需要多少成本呢？A. house房子；B. structure构造；C. mode模型；D. system系统。根据句意，和前文“huge building-block project”和“From the beginning of its construction in 1998”可知，太空站是一个像积木一样构造物，此处应填构造。故选B项。
29．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这（些花费）看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的未来探索太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A. Since自从；B. If如果；C. When当；D. Although虽然。根据分析可知，这两句话是转折关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管这（些花费）看起来太大了，但对于一个能让世界上一些最优秀的科学家一起为了世界的未来探索太空的项目来说，这可能是一个很小的代价。A. existence存在；B. future将来；C. peace和平；D. dream梦想。根据前文“ to find out if humans can one day build　　　　　2　　　　 in space”可知，探索太空是为了人类的未来。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2021·四川·岳池县教研室高一期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China launched (发送) the Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft on October 16th. It carried three ____31____ (astronaut)—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu—to Tiangong Space Station’s core module (核心舱) Tianhe.
Zhai is the country’s first astronaut to take a spacewalk, ____32____ did so in September 2008 in the Shenzhou VII mission. Wang is China’s second female astronaut to take part ____33____ a spaceflight and was a member of the Shenzhou X mission in June 2013. She will become the first Chinese woman ____34____ (enter) Tiangong Space Station and take a spacewalk. While it’s the first time for Ye to go on his journey to space. The astronauts ____35____ (stay) in Tiangong Space Station for six months. It ____36____ (expect) to be the longest space journey by Chinese astronauts, ____37____ (two) as long as the Shenzhou XII mission.
The astronauts have ____38____ lot of tasks, such as performing two to three spacewalks, ____39____ (check) the performance and capability of devices inside the station and testing support instruments for astronauts’ lives and work during long-term flights. And they will also carry out ____40____ (science) experiments and technology demonstrations (示范) in space medicine, microgravity (微重力) physics and other fields.
【答案】
31．astronauts
32．who
33．in
34．to enter
35．will stay
36．is expected
37．twice
38．a
39．checking
40．scientific
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神舟十三载人航天器搭载的三名航天员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富，以及这三名宇航员的任务。
【详解】
31.考查名词单复数。句意：它搭载了三名航天员——翟志刚、王亚平和叶富——前往天宫空间站的天和核心舱。此处用名词astronaut做动词carried(搭载)的宾语，表示“宇航员”，且由前面的three(三个)可知，此处astronaut应用复数形式，故填astronauts。
32.考查定语从句。句意：翟志刚是中国第一位太空行走的宇航员，他在2008年9月的神舟七号任务中进行了太空行走。分析句子结构可知，“_________did so in September 2008 in the Shenzhou VII mission.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Zhai，指人，在定语从句中做主语，所以此处应用关系代词who来引导，故填who。
33.考查介词。句意：王亚平是中国第二位参加航天飞行的女性宇航员，2013年6月曾是神舟十号任务的成员。Take part in是固定搭配，表示“参加”，故填in。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意：她将成为首位进入天宫空间站并进行太空行走的中国女性。The+序数词+sb.+to do是固定用法，表示“做......第几人”，此处用to enter作定语，修饰名词 Chinese woman(中国女性)，故填to enter。
35.考查时态。句意：宇航员将在天宫空间站待六个月。空处做谓语，句子描述的是将要发生的事，应用一般将来时，且主语The astronauts和动词stay(待)二者之间是主动，所以此处应用一般将来时的主动will stay，故填will stay。
36.考查时态和语态。句意：这预计是中国宇航员最长的太空旅行，是神舟十二号任务时间的两倍。空处做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语it和expect(预计)二者之间是被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动，主语是第三人称单数，故填is expected。
37.考查副词。句意：这预计是中国宇航员最长的太空旅行，是神舟十二号任务时间的两倍。此处表示神舟十三宇航员在天宫空间站待的时间是神舟十二的两倍，应用副词twice，表示“两倍”，故填twice。
38.考查固定搭配。句意：航天员有很多任务，例如进行两至三次太空行走、检查空间站内设备的性能和能力，以及测试设备长期飞行期间维持航天员生活和工作的能力。A lot of是固定搭配，表示“很多”，故填a。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意：航天员有很多任务，例如进行两至三次太空行走、检查空间站内设备的性能和能力，以及测试设备长期飞行期间维持航天员生活和工作的能力。空处和performing(进行)，testing(测试)是并列关系，放在such as后面，such as此处是介词短语，所以此处应用check的动名词形式checking，故填checking。
40.考查形容词。句意：他们还将在空间医学、微重力物理学和其他领域进行科学实验和技术演示。空后名词experiments(实验)应用形容词scientific来修饰，意为“科学的”，故填scientific。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分)
（2022·山东淄博·高二期末）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim观看了中国的太空授课，发来邮件和你讨论太空探索（space exploration）的话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.观看的方式及感受
2.太空授课的意义。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear from you. Last Thursday, our school organized all of us to watch the first space lecture which was hosted by Wang Yaping. We watched the live broadcast on TV in our class. I was so impressed by the lecture.
I think the lecture is of great importance. At first, it inspires our interest in space. We are so curious in space that we want to work hard and explore the space. Besides, by watching the lecture, we youth can have more intuitive access to aerospace knowledge.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Jim回复邮件，讨论太空探索的话题，内容包括：观看的方式及感受；太空授课的意义。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased
重要的：of importance→important
首先：at first→first of all
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We watched the live broadcast on TV in our class.
拓展句：We watched the live broadcast on TV in our class, which made us very excited.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Last Thursday, our school organized all of us to watch the first space lecture which was hosted by Wang Yaping. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2 We are so curious in space that we want to work hard and explore the space. (运用了so…that句型，表示“如此……以至于”)
第二节(满分25分)
（2022·江苏连云港·高二期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I haven't seen my father for five year. As a devoted archaeologist（考古学家）,he has been working in Greece, sparing no time for family reunion. Right before my summer vacation, he invited me to visit him and spend some time together. That's why I am here, at Athens airport. But he isn't here to meet me and I don't know why.
I take out the last email he sent me. "I am so pleased you are coming here at last. I'll be at the airport to meet you at 14：20." But now it is 15：30. I don't want to spend my holiday hanging around Athens airport with a lot of strangers. What I want is my dad and just like every other time in my life when I have wanted him, he is not here and I feel really angry and fed up.
When I was ten and I wanted him, I used to tell myself stories. But I am not ten any more and I am not in the mood for stories. I am going to find my father and I am going to tell him that when his only son comes to visit after five years, he needs a very good excuse when he doesn't turn up. A very, very good excuse.
Then I act. I go to the information desk where a pretty, dark-haired girl smiles at me and says that she is sorry that my father is not there. She then says quite sharply over the loudspeaker: "Alexander Wyatt must come immediately to Information where his son Jake is waiting." And when he does not come, she looks worried and asks if I am OK. I tell her that I'm fine. I change some money and get the metro to the hotel my father booked.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The receptionist gives me the key to our room.
I call the tourist police and tell them my story.
【答案】
One possible version:
The receptionist gives me the key to our room. I go upstairs. In the room, there is a small case and some clothes that must belong to my father. But he isn't in, nor is there any message about his absence. I ring his mobile phone again, and again and again, but it's not switched on. It's now about 8：00 and he is still nowhere to be found. Maybe he had an accident on the way to the airport?
I call the tourist police and tell them my story. A policeman contacts the local hospitals, but my father is not there. I check my phone again. Here is a message: "Unexpected task. Back tomorrow.” It was sent at 13：00 when I was on the plane, but it fails to reach me until now. As an archaeologist, my father often works in remote areas or caves where there are poor or no signals. I sigh in relief. Then my holiday will begin from tomorrow.
【分析】
本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者只身乘飞机去看好久未团聚的考古学家父亲，约好在机场见面却未等到父亲从而发生的一系列故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由续写段落第一段首句内容“前台接待给了我房间的钥匙。”可知，第一段可描写作者在屋内的所见以及对父亲的担心。
②由续写段落第二段首句内容“我给旅游警察打了电话并告诉他们我的故事。”可知，第二段可描写警察帮助我寻找父亲的经过以及最后的结局。
2.续写线索：进宾馆房间——所见——不见父亲——担心——决定报警——寻找父亲——得到父亲的消息
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打电话：ring /call/give sb a call
②接通：switch on /get through /kick on
③联系：contact/get in touch with
④检查：check /examine
情绪类
①意外的：unexpected /unanticipated/out of expectation
②松了一口气：in relief /relievedly/feeling relieved
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. In the room, there is a small case and some clothes that must belong to my father. （使用了that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. But he isn't in, nor is there any message about his absence.（使用否定词nor位于句首的倒装句）
[高分句型3]. As an archaeologist, my father often works in remote areas or caves where there are poor or no signals.（使用了where引导的定语从句）