练习15 虚拟语气-2021-2022学年【补习教材·寒假作业】高二英语（牛津译林版）

练习15 虚拟语气

一、单项选择

从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选。

1．What would you do if the war against COVID-19                    again in China?

A．is broken out B．will break out C．were to break out D．would break out

【答案】C

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果中国再次爆发抗新冠肺炎战争，你会怎么做？此句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中用would+动词原形，if从句中用were to+动词原形，break out“爆发，发生”没有被动语态。故选C。

2．“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I ____________able to play so well now.”

A．wouldn’t be B．won’t be C．wouldn’t have been D．couldn’t have been

【答案】A

【详解】考查错综时间的虚拟语气。句意：音乐家说：“如果我年轻时没有练习，我现在就不能弹得这么好了。”根据句子“If I hadn’t practiced when I was younger”可知，从句是对过去事实进行了虚拟，又根据主句中的时间状语now可知，本句是错综时间的虚拟语气，主句是对现在事实的虚拟，所以要用would/could/should/might+ do这一结构。故选A。

3．Frankly, I’d rather you ____________anything about it for the time being.

A．not do B．don’t do C．didn’t do D．will not do

【答案】C

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：坦白说，我希望你暂时什么都不要做。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，本句中需要用一般过去时表现现在或将来的愿望。动词do的否定过去式为didn’t do，故选C项。

4．The insects would eat out all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ____________for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

A．it is not B．it were not C．were it not D．they were not

【答案】B

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是有吃昆虫的动物保护我们,昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们成群的牛羊。根据would eat可知，句子是对现在的虚拟语气。故选B。

5．Supposing this ship ____________,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A．was sinking B．has sunk C．were to sink D．sinks

【答案】C

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：假如这艘船将要沉没，你认为会有足够的救生衣供所有乘客穿吗？根据连词supposing(假如)可知，本句考查虚拟语气。根据句意以及主句的would be可知，句子是对将来事实的虚拟。所以对将来事实进行虚拟的从句要使用should do/did/were to do这一结构。故此题选C。

6．In order to minimize economic losses, the manager demanded that the problems______paid special attention to.

A．referring to being B．referred to be C．refer to be D．referring to be

【答案】B

【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：为了尽量减少经济损失，经理要求特别注意所提及的问题。分析句子可知，这里的refer to用来修饰名词problems作定语，和修饰语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词；demand后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分是（should）+动词原形，主语problems和谓语pay attention to之间是被动关系，因此应用 be paid，故选B。

7．Most of the local people insist that the old temple _______ as it has a long history.

A．should not pull down B．must not pull down

C．not be pulled down D．would not be pulled down

【答案】C

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：当地大多数人坚持要求不要拆掉这座古庙，因为它历史悠久。insist表示“坚持要求”时，后面宾语从句要用(should)do形式的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。从句中主语the old temple与pull down之间是被动关系，用（should）be done形式。故选C。

8．All the facts in California’s record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires       to the brutally hot temperature, so it’s suggested that people with health problem         carefully.

A．were linked; are taken care of B．be linked; be taken care of

C．should be linked; are attended to D．were linked; be attended to

【答案】D

【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：加州破纪录的热浪中，所有的事实都表明，野火与残酷的高温有关，所以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中suggest表示“表明”，后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气，且从句中描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数，故排除B选项和C选项；第二空suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语应用(should)+动词原形，故排除A选项。故选D。

9．The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody        the rules.

A．obeys B．would obey C．will obey D．obey

【答案】D

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：会议的警卫坚持要求每个人都遵守规则。insist后接that引导的宾语从句，insist表“坚持要求”时，宾语从句中用虚拟语气 (should)+ 动词原形，should可省略，用(should) obey。故选D项。

10．If it ________ for the heavy rain then, we would have arrived here ahead of time.

A．shouldn’t be B．weren’t C．had not been D．be not

【答案】C

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果那时不下这么大的雨，我们会提前到达这里。根据“for the heavy rain then”可知是对过去的虚拟，表示对过去的虚拟，结构为：从句had +动词过去分词； 主句would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词，故选C。

二、阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.

In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources: land for crops, wood for paper and other products, and land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. We obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.

There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.

Rainforests are often called the world’s drugstore. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking（减少的）rainforests.

1．Why can rainforests help to adjust the climate?

A．Because they reflect more heat into the atmosphere.

B．Because they bring about high rainfall throughout the world.

C．Because they rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃.

D．Because they reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth.

2．What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?

A．We will lose much more than we can gain.

B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.

C．People have a strong desire for resources.

D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

3．What might be the best title for the text?

A．How to Save Rainforests

B．How to Protect Nature

C．Rainforests and the Environment

D．Rainforests and Medical Development

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文叙述了雨林的重要作用及其对环境的重大影响。

1．D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate .Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world.可知雨林对世界环境有很大的影响，因为它们可以吸收太阳的热量并调节气候。没有森林覆盖，这些区域将向大气反射更多的热量，使世界其他地区变暖。故选D项。

2．A猜测词义题。根据上一段中的“We obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit”可知，通过砍树来获取资源的这种行为会使我们得不偿失，且画线词后面的内容解释了原因，这说明this指的是我们将得不偿失这件事，故选A。

3．C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了雨林的重要作用及其对环境的重大影响，故选C项。

Some of my fondest memories with my family are from when I was in middle school， when the three of us enjoyed trips that I remember vividly to this day. But during my younger days， like 4 or 5 years old， we vacationed in places like Cancun， Jamaica and Hawaii and I can't tell whether I actually recall those memories or whether I'm filling in the gaps through photo albums.

A frequent discussion I have with my coworkers and friends，' who are also in their 20s， is how we wish our parents had taken us on more vacations when we were much older. What I suggest is to hold off on those grand vacations until your kid is about 12， when they can begin to understand what a privilege is， and you can save the international travel until they're in high school. Of course， I do understand that sometimes， it's not the kids but the parents who just want to enjoy a vacation. But in other cases， when the main goal is to create family memories， you can still accomplish that in other ways.

It wasn't until college that I realized how important travel is， and I can't tell you how many times I've thought about wanting to redo those family trips now. Especially during a time in my life when an international trip is outside of my budget， I think about how much money my parents spent on our vacations that ended up being a complete blur.

I'm not telling you to deprive （剥夺） your children of fun family memories， either. I'm simply arguing that you should travel locally or within your state. Although your little ones might not care about the destination， they will remember that you are all together and have a great time. That's the  most important thing， anyway.

4．When recalling the previous trip to Hawaii，the author may feel _____________ .

A．disappointed B．excited

C．touched D．frightened

5．What time does the author think is the right time for children to travel abroad?

A．When they start to go to school.

B．When they 'are4 or 5 years old.

C．When they study in high school.

D．When they are eager to have a trip.

6．What does the underlined word “blur” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Jokes that are made between families.

B．Efforts that are made to achieve a goal.

C．Memories that can't be remembered clearly.

D．Expectations that may be reached in future.

7．What may be the best title for the text?

A．Create Chances of Vacations with Children

B．My Memories of Previous Vacations

C．Older Children Hope to Travel with Their Parents

D．Take Children on Vacation until They Are Old

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者以个人经历告诉读者：等孩子足够大再带孩子出去旅游，尤其是出国旅行。

4．A推理判断题。由第一段中的“But during my younger days, like 4 or 5 years old, we vacationed in places like Cancun, Jamaica and Hawaii and I can’t tell whether I actually recall those memories or whether I’m filling in the gaps through photo albums.”可知，作者4、5岁左右到Cancun，Jamaica和Hawaii这些地方旅行，作者现在不能判断出是否能真正地回忆起这些回忆，或者是否要通过相册来填补自己记忆的空白。由此可以推断出，作者对到Hawaii的旅游已经没有什么印象，因此作者应该是感到失望的。故A选项正确。

5．C细节理解题。由第二段中的“What I suggest is to … and you can save the international travel until they’re in high school.”可知，作者认为孩子到了高中再出国旅游是最合适的。故C选项正确。

6．C词义猜测题。结合第一题的解析可知，作者对于4、5岁时候的出国旅行已经没有什么印象。由第三段中的“It wasn’t until college that I realized how important travel is, and I can’t tell you how many times I’ve thought about wanting to redo those family trips now.”可知，作者长大之后，才意识到小时候的家庭旅行的宝贵和重要。由此可以推知，当初父母花钱带作者进行的旅游于作者而言已经没有什么印象了。结合选项可知，C选项正确。

7．D标题归纳题。作者结合自己的经历告诉读者：过早的带孩子出国旅行于孩子而言没有什么太大的意义。作者在第二段中建议孩子到了高中再带他们出国旅行。在最后一段中建议带小孩子在当地旅游。故D选项适合做该文标题。