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六年级下册英语素材(知识梳理)-Unit 4 Then and now 人教PEP版
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Unit 4 Then and now【重点词汇】四会(能听、说、读、写)dining hall 饭厅 cycling 骑自行车运动(或活动)grass 草坪 go cycling 去骑自行车gym 体育馆 ice-skate 滑冰ago 以前 badminton 羽毛球运动三会(能听、说、认读)star 星 nothing 没有什么easy 容易的 thought (think的过去式) 想look up (在词典中或通过电脑)查阅 felt (feel的过去式)感觉Internet 互联网 cheetah 猎豹different 不同的 trip 绊倒active 积极的;活跃的 woke (wake的过去式) 醒race 赛跑 dream 梦【重点句型】1. Tell us about your school, please. 请给我们讲讲您的学校吧。2. There was no library in my old school. 我以前的学校里没有图书馆。3. There was only one small building on a hill.(过去)只有一栋小楼在小山上。4. There were no computers or Internet in my time.我那时候没有电脑也没有网络。5. —Could you see stars at night? 你(过去)可以在晚上看到星星吗?—Yes, I could. 是的,我可以。6. The Americans took about five days to get there in 1969.在1969年,美国人花了大约五天时间到达(月球)那里。7. I looked it up on the Internet. 我在电脑上找到的(资料)。8. Before, I was quiet. 以前我很安静。9. Now, I'm very active in class. 现在我在课堂上很活跃。10. I was short, so I couldn't ride my bike well.我以前个子小,自行车骑得不好。11. Now, I go cycling every day. 现在我天天骑车。 【重点语法】1. ① There was no library in my old school. 我以前的学校里没有图书馆。② There was only one small building on a hill.(过去)只有一栋小楼在小山上。③ There were no computers or Internet in my time.我那时候没有电脑也没有网络。考点点拨there be结构用法:There iseq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(a(n)+单数名词. There is a tree. 有一棵树。,\x(not a(n))+单数名词. There is not a tree. 没有树。,\x(no)+单数名词. There is no tree. 没有树。))There areeq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(+复数名词. There are trees. 有一些树。,\x(not any)+复数名词. There are not any trees. 没有树。,\x(no)+复数名词. There are no trees. 没有树。))eq \x(过去时表达:把is变为was; 把are变为were。)易错点在否定句中,并列结构用or 代替and连接。2. I couldn't ride my bike well. 我(过去)自行车骑得不好。考点点拨情态动词can的用法:① 肯定句:主语+can+动词原形.例句:I can play basketball. 我会打篮球。② 否定句:主语+can+not+动词原形.例句:I can't play basketball. 我不会打篮球。③ 一般疑问句:—Can+主语+动词短语?—Yes, 主语+can./ No, 主语+can't.例句:—Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?—Yes, I can./ No, I can't. 是的,我会。/不,我不会。eq \x(过去时表达:把can变为could。)3. I don't like pink now. 我现在不喜欢粉色。考点点拨“主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形.”用于表示“主语不做某事”。例句:Allen doesn't like doing sports. 艾伦不喜欢做运动。eq \x(过去时表达:把don't/doesn't 变为didn't。)考点拓展否定句怎么写:(1) 句中有be动词或情态动词时,在be动词或情态动词后面加not。例句:① People couldn't use the Internet. 人们(过去)不会使用网络。② I was not tall. 我(过去)不高。(2) 句中谓语动词是行为动词时,根据人称和时态,在行为动词前加don't/doesn't/didn't,其中doesn't/didn't 后动词形式变为原形。例句:① I didn't like winter before. 我以前不喜欢冬天。② People didn't go by bus. 人们(过去)出行不坐公交车。考点归纳时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时)总结一般现在时:一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,目前状态或客观事实。二、一般现在时的基本结构及运用(1) 动词为be动词1) 肯定句:主语+be (am/is/are)+其他.例句:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2) 否定句:主语+be+not+其他.例句:He is not a worker. 他不是工人。3) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他?例句:—Are you a student? 你是学生吗?—Yes, I am./No, I'm not. 是的,我是。/不,我不是。4) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?例句:Where is my bike?我的自行车在哪里?(2) 动词为行为动词1) 当主语为第一、二人称及复数时,使用动词原形,助动词为do。① 肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其他).例句:We often play basketball after school. 我们放学后经常打篮球。② 否定句:主语+don't+动词原形(+其他).例句:We don't play basketball after school. 我们放学后不打篮球。③ 一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他?例句:—Do you often play basketball after school?你们放学后经常打篮球吗?—Yes, we do./No, we don't. 是的,我们打。/不,我们不打。④ 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?例句:What do you often do after school? 你们放学后经常做什么?2) 当主语为第三人称单数时,使用动词第三人称单数形式,助动词为does。① 肯定句:主语+动词第三人称单数形式(+其他).例句:He swims well. 他游泳很好。② 否定句:主语+doesn't+动词原形(+其他).例句:He doesn't swim well. 他游泳不好。③ 一般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其他?例句:—Does he swim well? 他游泳好吗?—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. 是的,很好。/不,不好。④ 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?例句:How does your father go to work? 你父亲是怎么去上班的?现在进行时:一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。二、现在进行时的基本结构:be + 动词-ing形式.例句:I'm having an art class. 我正在上美术课。三、句型的运用(1) 肯定句:主语+be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式.例句:① They are cleaning the house. 他们正在打扫屋子。② He is brushing his teeth. 他正在刷牙。(2) 否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing形式.例句:① I'm not doing anything right now. 我现在没做什么事情。② She is not dancing. 她不是在跳舞。(3) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing形式?回答方式:Yes, 主语(代词)+be./No, 主语(代词)+be+not.例句:① —Is it raining now? 现在在下雨吗?—Yes, it is. /No, it isn't. 是的,在下雨。/不,没下。② —Are they happy today? 他们今天开心吗?—Yes, they are./No, they aren't.是的,他们开心。/不,他们不开心。(4) 特殊疑问句:疑问代词/疑问副词+be+主语+动词-ing形式?例句:① What are you doing? 你在干什么?② What is he doing? 他在干什么?一般过去时:一、一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。二、一般过去时的基本结构及运用(1) 动词为be动词(主语为第一人称单数和第三人称单数时搭配was,其余主语搭配were)1) 肯定句:主语+ was/were+其他.例句:① I was shy. 我(过去)很腼腆。② The trees were short. 这些树(过去)很矮小。2) 否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他.例句:He was not a worker. 他(过去)不是工人。3) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+其他?例句:—Were you happy yesterday? 昨天你开心吗?—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. 是的,我开心。/不,我不开心。(2) 动词为行为动词1) 肯定句:主语+动词过去式(+其他).例句:We played basketball after school. 我们放学后打篮球。2) 否定句:主语+didn't+动词原形(+其他).例句:We didn't play basketball after school. 我们放学后不打篮球。3) 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?例句:—Did you often play basketball after school?你们放学后经常打篮球吗?—Yes, we did./No, we didn't. 是的,我们打。/不,我们不打。4) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以did开头的一般疑问句?例句:What did you often do after school? 你们放学后经常干什么?注意:动词过去式没有第三人称单数形式。一般将来时:一、一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作、事情或存在的状态。二、一般将来时的基本结构(1) be going to+动词原形例句:I'm going to have an art class. 我打算去上美术课。(2) will+动词原形例句:My grandma will tell us a story about Chang'e.我奶奶将给我们讲嫦娥的故事。三、句型的运用(1) 肯定句例句:① Amy is going to see a film. 埃米打算看电影。② We are going to make a snowman. 我们打算堆雪人。注意:be动词根据主语进行变化。③ We will have a new Chinese teacher. 我们将有一位新的语文老师。 (2) 否定句1) 在be动词(am/is/are)后面加not。例句:① Amy isn't going to see a film. 埃米不打算看电影。② We aren't going to make a snowman. 我们不打算堆雪人。2) 在will后面加not,缩写为won't。例句:I won't sit on the grass. 我不会坐在草地上。(3) 一般疑问句1) 把be动词(am/is/are)提前。例句:① Is Amy going to see a film? 埃米打算看电影吗?② Are you going to make a snowman? 你们打算堆雪人吗?2) 把will提前。例句:Will you have a school trip next week?你们下礼拜会去春(秋)游吗?(4) 特殊疑问句1) What+be+主语+going to do?用于询问“主语打算做什么”。例句:What are you going to do tomorrow? 你明天打算做什么?2) Where+be+主语+going?用于询问“主语打算去哪里”。例句:Where is Mike going? 迈克打算去哪里?3) When+be+主语+going?用于询问“主语打算什么时候去”。例句:When are they going? 他们打算什么时候去?
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