2022届优质校一模试卷专题汇编13 概要写作 解析版


专题 13
××

概要写作






常考题型

题型
考查年份
关联知识点
语篇类型
(2018年11月，浙江卷)
记叙文，说明文，议论文
提炼主旨要义
（2019年6月，浙江卷）
精准提炼主旨四步走
优化语言表达
2019年6月
语言优化三步走

方法点拨

概要写作与语篇类型
一、题型特点
要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1. 词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。
2. 要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3. 人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4. 写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
三、写作步骤
第一步：仔细审题
速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。
第二步：细读全文
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)
第三步：初写成文
初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
记叙文
先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素，再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的经过和结果
说明文
找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等
议论文
把议论文的三个要素（论点、论据、结论）进行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之语义上具有逻辑性和连贯性
第四步：润色升级
初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。
第五步：复查定稿
写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。

2018年11月，浙江高考
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.
【解析】
本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】
1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3. 拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4. 快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5. 对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。

概要写作精准提炼主旨四步走
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
[提醒]　一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
·明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。
·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。
·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。
例如：—or the radio. People who tend to about 70 (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. , and try to . And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.(画线部分为主题句)
本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Record the time and set dinner time for half an hour as eating slowly helps take in less calories.
第三步：归纳要点 合理转换表达
明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。
转换表达注意遵循2个原则
①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。
②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。
例如：Your house may have an on your . Experts say the way you your could whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some to turn your into part of your plan.(画线句为主题句)
主题句关键词如画线所示：The way you design your home may have an effect on your figure. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips; The way you design your home改为How to have your home designed。主题句转换为How to have your home designed affects your figure. Below are tips to design your home to help diet.
第四步：句式多样 注意过渡衔接
在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
【策略演示】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018年11月，浙江卷)It's a really to before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if . But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s not to the in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, !
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should between applying and getting your acceptance letters to the you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then the at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
【答案】
As a senior year student, it's a wise choice to visit would­be colleges near where you live before attending them for seeing is believing. (要点1) You should find a chance to pay a personal visit even at your waiting in case you feel disappointed afterwards. (要点2) If all the above is not affordable, you are advised to search the online college fair at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information. (要点3)
【解析】
第1步　读懂原文，明确篇章结构
原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。
第1段：提出观点——在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。
第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。
第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。
第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。
分析各段主旨可判断，文章第1～2段是一个意义段，3～4段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可归纳为3个要点。
第2步　去次留精，提炼关键信息
本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。
第3步　归纳要点，合理转换表达
采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：
①第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1：该要点中的“good idea”可用wise choice转述；“in your local area”可转换为where you live。
②第三段主题句可概括为要点2：该要点中的“visiting and seeing for yourself”可转换为pay a personal visit。
③第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“time and money are making it impossible”可转换为all the above is not affordable。
第4步　句式多样，注意过渡衔接
句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。

2019年6月，浙江高考
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)
【解析】
本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】
完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，
1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。
2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。
3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。

概要写作语言优化三步走
概要写作的评分原则之一是“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，即要用自己的语言表述原文要点，不能照抄原文的语句。同时各要点之间应注意利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，使所写的句子连贯流畅。
第一步：替换单词/短语
在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。
①利用同义词（短语）或近义词（短语）代替原文单词或短语。
②将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。
第二步：合理地调整句式
除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。
(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。
(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。
(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。
第三步：使用恰当的过渡衔接
概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。
3种使上下文连贯的衔接手段
①词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。
②逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如besides, in addition, therefore等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。
③语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。
替代：用代词替代前面的名词（短语）和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。
省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2019年6月，浙江高考)
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when .” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. . Kids will feel like and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that . If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can . “We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that .”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case­by­case basis and be proportionate .
【答案】
Contrary to the past, some parents are likely to overpraise their kids, making them feel given unrealistic goals. (要点1) , others give their kids inadequate praise, which gives them a false idea that they are not doing well or they are ignored. (要点2) , praising them properly and punctually is definitely favorable. (要点3) , to do so parents are advised to focus on their kids' effort instead of the result. (要点4)
【解析】
第1步　读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文是议论文，提出当前父母对孩子进行过度赞扬和不表扬是同样有害的，正确的做法是找到其闪光点进行适度的表扬，以培养其自信乐观的心态。文章四个自然段，就是4个意义段，对应4个要点。
第一段：指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长。
第二段：对孩子的表扬不足同样有害。
第三段：对孩子的表扬要恰当而且适时。
第四段：关注孩子的努力，不必太过关注结果。
第2 步　去次留精，提炼关键信息
本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现，其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键词，其他则为次要信息。
第3步　归纳要点，合理转换表达
采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：
①第一段主题句可归纳为要点1：该要点中的“the opposite”可利用同义表达改为contrary to；“stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them”(指的是父母对孩子过度表扬而设定的目标)可转换为 unrealistic goals。
②第二段主题句可归纳为要点2：该要点中的“Not giving enough praise”可转换为inadequate praise；“they're not good enough or that you don’t care”可转换为they are not doing well or they are ignored。
第4步　句式多样，注意过渡衔接
句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词、定语从句和名词性从句，归纳整合要点。
要点1指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长，而要点2说明对孩子的表扬不足同样有害，由此前两个要点为转折关系，可利用however衔接；第3个要点说明要给予恰当适时的表扬，由此可知该要点与前两个要点是因果关系可利用therefore衔接；第3个要点中的恰当适时的表扬与第4个要点中的表扬努力为并列关系，可利用表“并列，顺承”的过渡衔接词汇，如besides，additionally等。

试题汇编

2019·浙江温州·高考模拟
High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years, however, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind (NCLB).
The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor market outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12.5 percent increase in incarceration (监禁) rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.
Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of “quality control” for high school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready. The other is that they have predicting value for future success in academic situations.
But there is little evidence. The tests don’t exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, college readiness are not determined. Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking, and empathy(移植), are not measured, either. Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they don’t offer reliable data.
Thus, more and more people are suggesting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken, activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas.
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2020·华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三月考）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.
This important change in woman’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

2021·浙江宁波市·高三其他模拟
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
One problem upsets the business of selling clothes online-predicting how a garment will fit without trying it on. Enter the body-measurement suit from Start Today, a Japanese firm that runs the Zozotown platform on which clothing companies from around the world sell their products,as well as its own private brand, Zozo.
In the past years Stan Today has distributed to just over one million Japanese customers, free of charge, its “Zozosuit”, a skin-tight, full-body suit covered in around 350 fiducial markers, small objects that can be used as a point of reference for measurements. Shoppers slip on the suit and slowly rotate as their smartphone takes photos.
The firm uses the images to create a 3D of their body, which it can use to offer a range of customized services. At the most basic level, when customers choose an item from one of the 6.400 brands listed on Zozotown, the platform uses the Zozosuit data lo recommend the right size.
A first，more high tech version of the suit proved too expensive. But its latest version costs the company only V1.000 ($9) a piece. Besides, the fashion industry has not yet adapted to meet the needs of a generation accustomed to buying everything online, to their specifications and at their convenience. But the firm offers exactly that.
How the suit gels on is crucial for Start Today s future. The Zozotown platform is the giant of online fashion retail in Japan. It created and dominates the market for online clothing sales. Analysts predict it may be reaching peaks, because customized services could attract more customers. But observers are more cautious about whether the suit can help Start Today on its other path to growth: expanding abroad. Since July customers in 72 countries have been able to request a body-measurement suit to help them buy clothes from the Zozo label. An attempt a few years ago to take the Zozotown platform into China and South Korea (before it came up with the body-measurement suit) failed. For now at least the suit is a unique service.
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2021·浙江宁波市·高三月考
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is important that you teach your baby to read at an early age. Why? Obviously, being able to read is the basis for any successful education, so the earlier they start, the better. All too often, parents leave educating their children up to schools, which probably explains why the United States is currently ranked 18th in its rate of reading and writing.
Teaching your baby to read provides brain exercise and it has also been shown to increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply no better time in a person’s life for learning than when they are babies. During this time, their brains are developing rapidly. The sooner they begin to read, the sooner they can begin to learn other subjects. This way, by the time your children begin school, they will already know what’s being taught, and will be put on the fast track. Maybe they will even skip a grade down the road. One of the cases was 17-month-old Elizabeth Barrett who drew public’s attention. She was given a series of words and even sentences that she could read quite well. Her parents had been reading to her since she was born and had provided her with a very early education.
Reading is the most important thing to teach babies at a young age. It doesn’t have to be stressful or difficult for your child. Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accomplished so easily that they won’t have to struggle in order to learn.
If you’re interested in teaching your baby to read, the best way to start is by spending just a few minutes every day. Flash cards are a helpful tool. Simply show your baby matching picture on the opposite side. There are also videos that help to teach babies to read. There is no better time to teach your baby to read than the present.
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2020·上海金山区·高三一模
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Will people reduce car use in 20 years?
Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.
Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars.
In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.
Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.

参考答案

2019·浙江温州·高考模拟
【答案】
High school exit tests have been cancelled in some states in America in recent years(要点1). This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students(要点2). Instead of ensuring college readiness and academic success, they actually don’t measure what should be measured(要点3). Therefore, exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas(要点4).

2020·华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三月考）
【答案】
Women’s lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This results in women’s rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family and chores with their husbands.
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，妇女的生活发生了巨大的变化，因为她们结婚更早，需要照顾的孩子更少，现代技术帮助她们，这使她们有可能回到工作岗位。这导致了女性在家庭经济地位的提高，与丈夫平等分担家庭和家务。
【详解】
1. 要点摘录
①The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.
②Today women marry younger and have fewer children.
③Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.
④This important change in woman s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women s economic position.
⑤Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work.
⑥Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
2. 缜密构思分别将第1、2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点重组并与第6个要点进行精简整合。
3. 遣词造句Women’s lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This results in women’s rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family and chores with their husbands.

2021·浙江宁波市·高三其他模拟
【答案】
To help customers purchase suitable clothes online without trying them on, the Zozotown platform invented a body-measurement suit. With 350 fiducial markers taking pictures, the suit creates a 3D of body to offer a customized service. Thus the suit can meet the need of a generation accustomed to buying everything online with decreasing cost. So as observers reckon, the suit may help the Zozotown platform succeed in other countries rather than Japan.

2021·浙江宁波市·高三月考
【答案】
Teaching your baby to read as young as possible is crucial owing to the necessity of obtaining good education. (要点一) It needs starting as soon as possible because babies’ intelligence will be improved when their brains develop fast. (要点二) Important as it is, relaxation and easiness could be brought into the learning process. (要点三) Therefore, for people keen on teaching babies to read, it is high time to begin with sparing some time regularly with effective teaching materials. (要点四)

2020·上海金山区·高三一模
【答案】
Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides, energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words)
【解析】
1 要点摘录
①Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives.
②Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects.
③Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air.
④In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.
⑤In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.
⑥In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句
Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects.
By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment.
Energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society.
the government has taken various measures like restrictions.
public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech.