2022届优质校一模试卷专题汇编12 阅读理解之应用文 解析版

这是一份2022届优质校一模试卷专题汇编12 阅读理解之应用文 解析版，共13页。试卷主要包含了 采用“题干定位法”， 补全成分法， 排除法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

常考题型
方法点拨
1. 采用“题干定位法”
应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。
2. 补全成分法
省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted.根据文意，可将该句补充为“A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。)”。
3. 排除法
排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。
应用信息文解题注意事项
1. 不要刻意理解每个词，切勿对内容过分进行理解；
2. 文章每一段落相互独立。
应用信息文解题步骤
1. 读准第一段（含题目），把握文章中心；
2. 按顺序略读小标题，把握文章段落结构分布；
3. 针对每道小题，按顺序在文中寻找答案。
2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel (旅社). The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that, yu’ll ften get t stay in a central lcatin (位置) with security and cmfrt.
Yellw Hstel
If I had t make just ne recmmendatin fr where t stay in Rme, it wuld be Yellw Hstel. It’s ne f the best-rated hstels in the city, and fr gd reasn. It’s affrdable, and it’s gt a fun atmsphere withut being t nisy. As an added bnus, it’s clse t the main train statin.
Hstel Alessandr Palace
If yu lve scial hstels, this is the best hstel fr yu in Rme. Hstel Alessandr Palace is fun. Staff members hld plenty f bar events fr guests like free shts, bar crawls and karake. There’s als an area n the rftp fr hanging ut with ther travelers during the summer.
Yuth Statin Hstel
If yu’re lking fr cleanliness and a mdern hstel, lk n further than Yuth Statin. It ffers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty f ther benefits, t; it desn’t charge city tax; it has bth air cnditining and a heater fr the rms; it als has free Wi-Fi in every rm.
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes is lcated just a 10-minute walk frm the central city statin and it’s clse t all f the city’s main attractins. The staff is friendly and helpful, prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive, and ffering advice if yu require sme. Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A. Cmfrt.B. Security.
C. Price.D. Lcatin.
2. Which htel best suits peple wh enjy an active scial life?
A. Yellw Hstel.B. Hstel Alessandr Palace.
C. Yuth Statin Hstel.D. Htel and Hstel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage f Htel and Hstel Des Artistes?
A. It gets nisy at night.B. Its staff is t talkative.
C. It charges fr Wi-Fi.D. It’s incnveniently lcated.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。
1. 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel (旅社).(对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因)”可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Hstel Alessandr Palace部分“If yu lve scial hstels, this is the best hstel fr yu in Rme.（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）”可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hstel Alessandr Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据Htel and Hstel Des Artistes部分“Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.（但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）”可知Htel and Hstel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。
2020·全国卷I，A
Train Infrmatin
All custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding. Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
Lst prperty（失物招领）
Call Lst Prperty n 13 16 17 during business hurs fr items lst n Queensland Rail services. The lst prperty ffice is pen Mnday t Friday 7:30 am t 5:00 pm and is lcated（位于）at Rma Street statin.
Public hlidays
On public hlidays, generally a Sunday timetable perates. On certain majr event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sprting and cultural days, special additinal services may perate. Christmas Day services perate t a Christmas Day timetable. Befre travel please visit translink. cm. au r call TransLink n 13 12 30 anytime.
Custmers using mbility devices
Many statins have wheelchair access frm the car park r entrance t the statin platfrms. Fr assistance, please call Queensland Rail n 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (utbund)
4. What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?
A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit
C. Ask at the lcal statin.D. Check the train schedule.
5. At which statin can yu find the lst prperty ffice?
A. Altandi.B. Rma Street.
C. Varsity Lakes.D. Frtitude Valley.
6. Which train wuld yu take if yu g frm Central t Varsity Lakes?
A. 6:42 pm.B. 7:29 pm.C. 8:57 pm.D. 11:02 pm.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.”可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据Lst prperty部分中“The lst prperty ffice is pen Mnday t Friday 7:30am t 5:00pm and is lcated at Rma Street statin.”可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Rma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
试题汇编
辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模
Welcme t Reading Museum’s Hands-n Learning Service
During the past 100 years, Reading Museum has always been ffering learning pprtunities t schls, and we hpe t cntinue this traditin fr the next 100 years with yur supprt.
Victrian Schlrm
The sessin takes place in a grand recnstructin f a schlrm in a late nineteenth century Bard Schl. The children will experience a wide range f Victrian style lessns and use slate bards and dip pens. The sessin leader will play the rle f a Victrian teacher but will cme ut f the rle during the sessin t cmfrt the children. We prvide cstume fr all children.
Victrian Tys
Our Victrian nanny delivers this interesting sessin. The nanny will help children t explre the differences between rich and pr children's tys frm the past. During the sessin the children have the pprtunity t make a ty t take hme.
Victrian Christmas
In a specially decrated rm the children will find ut hw the Victrians intrduced many f ur Christmas custms. They will make a simple card r present t take hme.
Fr up-t-date prices and sessin details, please visit ur website www.. Reading museum, rg. Fr all sessin bkings please phne us n 01189373400. Reservatin at least 4 weeks in advance is advised. Please be ready t tell us when yu wish t cme. the sessin(s) yu wish t bk and the year grup f pupils. Our sessins take place between 10: 00 and 12: 00 r 12: 30 and 14: 30. The maximum grup size is 35 pupils. We recmmend that yu bring 5 adults fr each grup.
1. Wh will give the Victrian style lessns?
A. The Victrian nanny.B. The children.
C. The sessin leader.D. The server.
2. What can the children d in Victrian Tys?
A. They can learn the differences between rich and pr children.
B. They can learn smething abut Christmas custms.
C. They can take hme the tys made by themselves.
D. They can get interesting Victrian style lessns.
3. What can we knw abut Victrian Christmas?
A. The children have t be with their parents.
B. The children act as Christmas father.
C. At least 35 children are required.
D. Each sessin will last fr 2 hurs.
4. What shuld yu d if yu want t attend the sessins?
A. Visit its website ften.B. Bk at least 4 weeks in advance.
C. Explain yur ideas n the phne.D. Knw the histry abut Victrian custms.
湖南省长沙市一中、深圳实验学校2021届高三联考
Whether it was the enchanting characters, the memrable scenes r simply because it was the first film mum r dad tk yu t, these are the mvies that have left the mst lasting impressins ver the decades.
Willy Wnka & the Chclate Factry
“I lved it fr tw reasns. First, it shwed a wnderful, lving extended family. I was fascinated by their kitchen setting and the little crner where the by Charlie slept. Secnd, inside the chclate factry was what all children dreamed f. The whle mvie transprted me frm my childhd wrries int a fairyland wrld.” —Margaret McKee
Dumb
“Fr a kid wh ften felt like he didn’t fit in, and wasn’t gd at anything, it was magical t see Dumb discver his talent and becme lved and celebrated.” —Lrraine Crmack
“I lved Dumb as it shwed thse wh are bullied can win if they believe they can.” — Mary Madigan
The Never Ending Stry
“It has t be the mst magical mvie frm my era. The stry has everything a yung kid can ask fr: a great stry, a mythical flying dg and an interesting ending. Our family cntinue t watch it tday.” —Aarn Ellitt
The Sund f Music
“When I was yung, mvies were a treat, with lllies, friends and a canvas seat. There was a special ne that I did adre, and many times I’ve gne back fr mre. The sngs, the scenery and the stryline always transprt me t anther time. It is such a classic that my memries f it are s fantastic.” —Janne Carter
5. What des “Willy Wnka & the Chclate Factry” cncern?
A. An adventurus trip.B. A fantastic wrld.
C. A mysterius friend.D. An unexpected incident.
6. Which mvie may appeal t a child lacking cnfidence?
A. Dumb.B. The Never Ending Stry.
C. The Sund f Music.D. Willy Wnka& the Chclate Factry.
7. What des Aarn Ellitt think f “The Never Ending Stry”?
A. It is full f unrealistic things.B. It meets all his expectatins.
C. It influences peple f all ages.D. It is the mst meaningful mvie.
辽宁省辽阳市2020届高三一模
Activities t Get Yu Outdrs While Traveling
Many f us wuld enjy getting utside and escaping ur day t day with sme fresh air while traveling. But where d yu start? Try ut a few f these activities and yu’re sure t find a new utdr hbby t help yu enjy nature n yur next hliday.
Hrseback Riding
Many peple may shy away frm this, excusing lack f experience with hrses, but mst peratrs have hrses fr riders f any experience including nne if they meet the physical requirements. Hrses can take yu greater distances in a shrter time, cvering areas that wuld be difficult r inaccessible therwise.
Fly-Fishing
Fr an excuse t stand in a river enjying the sunds, smells and scenery f sme f the mst beautiful places, try fly-fishing. Fishing is a perfect activity t enjy with children, grandparents r whever. With enugh practice, yu may even catch a delicius big fish.
Cycling+Muntain Biking
On the path r the rad, spending time n a bike allws yu t slw dwn and leisurely take in the scenery arund yu. Muntain biking can give yu the biggest excitement, while rad cycling may ffer a mre peaceful and calming experience. Travel with yur bike r rent ne at yur travelling places, and yur pssibilities fr explratin have already increased.
Rck Climbing
Fr a mre physical and challenging experience utdrs, try yur hand at rck climbing. Yu can get a feel fr climbing in a gym, but its real rewards lie in putting thse skills t use utside. Many ppular travel places have great climbing within a day trip distance.
8. Wh can take a hrseback ride?
A. Anybdy wh wants t take a hrse ride.
B. Travelers withut experience f hrse riding.
C. Thse wh have the basic physical cnditins.
D. The explrers wh like t travel in dangerus places.
9. Which activity is fittest fr all the families?
A. Fly-Fishing.B. Rck Climbing.
C. Hrseback Riding.D. Cycling+Muntain Biking.
10. What d muntain biking and rad cycling have in cmmn?
A. Allwing travelers t fully enjy the scenery.
B. Slwing dwn the travel t have an enugh rest.
C. Getting the travelers t have the biggest excitement.
D. Offering a mre peaceful and cmfrtable experience.
广东省深圳市2021届高三调研
The Tanzania Cnference
The Tanzania Cnference will be held in rder t create direct cmmunicatin between the cnservatin (保护) wrkers. It is spnsred by the Ruffrd Small Grants (RSG), a grup that funds nature cnservatin prjects acrss the develping wrld.
This cnference, chaired by Hudsn Laizer, will bring 49 peple frm 7 cuntries.
Tw runds f Experience Sharing Presentatins will be held, each cnsisting f 4 speeches.
Feature Presentatins:
Lucas Kwiyega, Tanzania
His presentatin will fcus n his secnd RSG prject f taking new measures t prevent illegal killing f lins in Western Tanzania.
Tutil Mudumba, Uganda
He will talk abut hw he uses the RSG t cllect animal trap and makes these wires int marketable gds.
Daniel Niynsaba, Rwanda
He will share his third RSG research prject findings which fcus n why the elephants are dying ut in Natinal Park f Rwanda.
Evarastus Obura, Kenya
He will present his prject entitled “Understanding the decline f threatened antelpes: using barcding (条形码) t measure the impact f damaged wetland”.
11. What is the aim f the cnference?
A. T raise mney.
B. T set up a prject.
C. T cnnect cnservatinists.
D. T lk fr cnservatinists.
12. Hw many presentatins will be held?
A. 8.B. 4.C. 49.D. 7.
13. Wh will talk abut the causes f the elephant’s extinctin?
A. Mr. Kwiyega.B. Mr. Mudumba.
C. Mr. Niynsaba.D. Mr. Obura.
参考答案
辽宁省鞍山市鞍钢高级中学2021届高三一模
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇广告。具体介绍了参与阅读博物馆的实践活动的相关情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Victrian Schlrm部分的“The sessin leader will play the rle f a Victrian teacher but will cme ut f the rle during the sessin t cmfrt the children.”可知，活动领导人充当教师的角色来教维多利亚风格的课程。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Victrian Tys部分“During the sessin the children have the pprtunity t make a ty t take hme.”和Victrian Christmas部分“They will make a simple card r present t take hme.”这两句话可知，孩子们在Victrian Tys和Victrian Christmas这两个环节可以把自制的物品带回家。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our sessins take place between 10:00 and 12:00 r 12:30 and 14:30.”我们的课程在10:00到12:00或者12:30到14:30，可知所有的课程都是2个小时的时间，故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Reservatin at least 4 weeks in advance is advised. Please be ready t tell us when yu wish t cme. the sessin(s) yu wish t bk and the year grup f pupils.”可知，如果你想参加该项目，要至少提前4周预订。故选B。
湖南省长沙市一中、深圳实验学校2021届高三联考
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部童年时期最神奇的电影，并介绍了人们喜欢它们的原因。
5. 细节理解题。根据“Willy Wnka & the Chclate Factry”部分关键句“The whle mvie transprted me frm my childhd wrries int a fairyland wrld.”可知，《欢乐糖果屋》这部电影把我从童年的烦恼中带进了一个仙境般的世界里。由此可知，《欢乐糖果屋》这部电影和一个奇妙的世界有关。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据“Dumb”部分关键句“Fr a kid wh ften felt like he didn’t fit in, and wasn’t gd at anything, it was magical t see Dumb discver his talent and becme lved and celebrated.”可知，对于一个经常觉得自己不合群，也不擅长任何事的孩子来说，通过看《小飞象》可以发现自己的才华，变得被人喜爱和赞美。由此可知，《小飞象》这部电影可以吸引缺乏自信的孩子。故选A项。
7. 推理判断题。根据“The Never Ending Stry”部分关键句“The stry has everything a yung kid can ask fr: a great stry, a mythical flying dg and an interesting ending.”可知，这部电影讲述的故事包括了一个孩子所能要求的一切：一个伟大的故事、一个神话般的飞狗和一个有趣的结局。由此可推断出，Aarn Ellitt认为《大魔域》这部电影满足了他所有的期望。故选B项。
辽宁省辽阳市2020届高三一模
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在旅行时能进行的一些户外活动。
8. 细节理解题。根据Hrseback Riding中“Many peple may shy away frm this, excusing lack f experience with hrses, but mst peratrs have hrses fr riders f any experience including nne if they meet the physical requirements.”可知，许多人可能会回避这一项，以缺乏骑马经验为借口，但大多数经营者都有马匹提供给有任何经验的骑手包括没经验的骑手使用，只要他们符合身体的要求。由此可知，符合基本身体条件的人可以骑马。故选C项。
9. 推理判断题。根据Fly-Fishing中“Fishing is a perfect activity t enjy with children, grandparents r whever.”可知，钓鱼是与孩子、祖父母或其他任何人一起享受的一项完美活动。由此可知，假蝇钓鱼是适合所有家庭的活动。故选A项。
10. 细节理解题。根据Cycling+Muntain Biking中“On the path r the rad, spending time n a bike allws yu t slw dwn and leisurely take in the scenery arund yu.”可知，在小路或公路上，花时间骑自行车可以让你放慢速度，悠闲地欣赏周围的风景。由此可知，山地自行车和公路自行车的共同之处在于能让游客充分享受风景。故选A项。
广东省深圳市2021届高三调研
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了坦桑尼亚会议的，该会议的召开是为了在保护主义者之间建立直接沟通。会议将举办两轮经验交流会，每轮共4场演讲。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Tanzania Cnference will be held in rder t create direct cmmunicatin between the cnservatin (保护) wrkers.(坦桑尼亚会议的召开是为了在保护主义者之间建立直接沟通)”可知，坦桑尼亚会议的目的是联系环保人士。故选C。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Tw runds f Experience Sharing Presentatins will be held, each cnsisting f 4 speeches.(将举办两轮经验交流会，每轮共4场演讲)”可知，这次会议将举行8次演讲。故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据Daniel Niynsaba, Rwanda部分中的“He will share his third RSG research prject findings which fcus n why the elephants are dying ut in Natinal Park f Rwanda.(他将分享他的第三个RSG研究项目的发现，该项目专注于卢旺达国家公园大象灭绝的原因)”可知，Mr. Niynsaba将谈大象灭绝的原因。故选C。
题 型
考查年份
考查话题
说明文
2021年全国甲卷
摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况
2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ
介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆
2020年全国卷Ⅱ
几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间
2020年全国卷Ⅲ
四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点
2020年北京卷
名为Lancm的全球性语言学习应用程序
……
……
Depart
Origin
Destinatin
Arrive
6:42pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37pm
7:29pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52pm
8:57pm
Frtitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52pm
11:02pm
Rma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22am