2022届山西省运城市高三上学期期末英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届山西省运城市高三上学期期末英语试题含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022届山西省运城市高三上学期期末英语试题
第一部分 听力部分（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the woman go to the town center?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By train.
2. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At an airport. B. At a hotel. C. At a travel agency.
3. What does the woman like to watch in her spare time?
A. Advertisements. B. TV plays. C. Art shows.
4. What makes the man so happy?
A. Tom will play football with him.
B. Tom will tell him the best news.
C. Tom’s father will play football with him.
5. Who will probably decide the place to go?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. Harry.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many people will there be in the party?
A. Twelve. B. Fourteen. C. Twenty.
7. Where will the party be held?
A. At a park. B. At the office. C. At a colleague’s house.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Which two countries will have a football game tonight?
A. Brazil and England. B. China and England. C. Brazil and Japan.
9. What is the man busy with recently?
A. His final exam. B. His driving test. C. His basketball training.
10. When will the game start?
A. 1:00 a.m. B. 1:00 p.m. C. 11:00 p.m.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why does Michael feel sorry?
A. He is having a lot of problems.
B. He forgot his grandmother’s birthday.
C. He hasn’t called his grandmother for a long time.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Michael’s birthday. B. Michael’s grandfather. C. Michael’s busy schedule.
13. How does Michael probably feel about going to college?
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Disappointed.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Landlord and tenant （房客）. B. Agent and tenant. C. Agent and landlord.
15. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. To cut down the rent. B. To discuss with the landlord. C. To do some repair work.
16. What is the man’s reply for the request?
A. He can’t decide it. B. He thinks it is impossible. C. He needs time to consider it.
17. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman doesn’t think the house is good.
B. The woman hasn’t made the decision yet.
C. The man doesn’t know how much the rent is.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. In what condition will one’s name be moved away?
A. If he is late twice. B. If he misses three classes. C. If he breaks the microscope.
19. What is forbidden in the laboratory?
A. Touching the table top. B. Wearing large clothes. C. Drinking.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. Courses the students should complete.
B. Instructions the students should follow.
C. Experiments the students should do.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
A
The best things to do in London
Discover the city with our list of the best things to do and see in London, for visitors and locals alike. From free days out to unmissable restaurants, this is your ultimate London checklist for 2021.
Admire the views from The Shard
What is it? Standing 309.6 metres (1,016 feet) high, it is London’s one and only 95-storey skyscraper, and the tallest building in Western Europe.
Why go? The Shard has established itself as a timeless London landmark despite being barely a handful of years old. As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.
Hunt for antiques at Portobello Road Market
What is it? The world’s largest antiques market, on a picturesque shopping street in Notting Hill—now traffic-free for socially distanced browsing.
Why go? Although home to fruit and veg stalls too, Portobello Market is best known for the antiques and bric-à-brac stalls featuring at the Chepstow Villas end of the road. Don’t be fooled by the fold-out tables—this isn’t cheap tat and there are some serious treasures here. For more secondhand goodies, head further up the road, beyond the Westway.
Eat your way around Borough Market
What is it? Dating back to the thirteenth century, London’s oldest food market is a cornucopia of gourmet goodies.
Why go? It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).
Visit Hogwarts at the Harry Potter Studio Tour
What is it? There are a whole lot of Harry Potter locations in and around London, but the Warner Bros Studio Tour in Watford is the most magical.
Why go? The capital is heaving with Harry Potter hotspots. Locations like Diagon Alley were set here and scenes from the world-famous movie franchise were filmed here. There’re walking tours and photo opportunities at the actual Platform 93/4 in King’s Cross. But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.
1. What do we know about the Shard?
A. It is currently the tallest structure in Europe.
B. It is a 95-storey office block in the sky.
C. It allows visitors to get amazing views of London.
D. It has a long history as one of London’s landmarks.
2. Where can we go for some famous food around the globe?
A. The Shard. B. Borough Market.
C. Diagon Alley. D. Portobello Road Market.
3. What features the Warner Bros Studio Tour?
A. Bringing people closer to Harry Potter. B. Walking on a picturesque street.
C. Taking photos at the actual Platform 93/4. D. Gathering the majority of magicians.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个伦敦旅游项目的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Admire the views from The Shard部分中“As well as redefining the city skyline, it’s an ideal place from which to get a look at London in all its glory.(它不仅重新定义了这座城市的天际线，也是一个欣赏伦敦辉煌风貌的理想场所)”可知，Shard能让游客看到伦敦的美景。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Eat your way around Borough Market部分中“It used to highlight British produce but nowadays you’ll find global traders and street-food vendors: enjoy French confit-duck sandwiches, Ethiopian stews and scotch eggs(elevated, of course).(这里过去主要是英国农产品，但现在你会发现全球商人和街头小吃摊：享用法国烤鸭肉三明治、埃塞俄比亚炖菜和苏格兰鸡蛋（当然是大份的）)”可知，你可以在吃到世界各地有名的食物。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But you can’t beat the Warner Bros Studio Tour: The Making of Harry Potter, just outside of the capital, to get up close with incredible props and sets from all eight of the HP films.(但是在首都之外的“华纳兄弟电影公司之旅：哈利波特的诞生”中，你绝对不能错过，可以近距离地欣赏到8部哈利波特电影中令人难以置信的道具和布景)”可知，华纳兄弟电影公司之旅的特色是让人们更接近哈利波特。故选A。
B
As the Alaskan sky gradually turned dark blue, the commands to my sled dog team broke the silence. I threw a glance over my shoulder as I thundered down the frozen waterway in the sub-zero temperatures. Where was Mike, my guide? I wondered if he realized I was miles away.
While out exploring in the early evening my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. In my conversations with Mike over the past few days, I’d been told that if I got lost, I would be in big trouble. There weren’t any supplies for me—no extra clothing or shelter, not to mention the firestarter, and we had seen wolf tracks regularly.
It was March, the end of the Alaskan winter. A long journey from Australia had brought me to Yukon, Alaska. My hosts’ log cabin was the starting point for my 10-day adventure. Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. Having enjoyed many years of exploring the Alaskan wilderness, the couple chose to help adventurers to experience the same lifestyle.
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. I’d imagined it would be a very relaxing experience, in which I would ride along with a pleasant smile while gazing at the passing landscape. In reality it turned out much tougher. You must predict where your dogs would go and how the surface ahead might change.
During the journey, we stayed in a different place every night, and took care of our dog teams. These dogs can guarantee our safety and help us escape dangerous situations, so their health and well-being always rank first. After we settled, we started collecting snow for water and cutting firewood.
Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment.
4. Why did the writer get lost?
A. The lead dog was misled by Mike.
B. He failed to give instructions in time.
C. The lead dog smelled something irresistible.
D. He had a poor sense of direction in darkness.
5. How did Wayne and Scarlett live in Alaska?
A. They led an eco-friendly life.
B. They lived by helping adventurers.
C. They seldom walked out of their log cabin.
D. They worked as guides for exploring Alaska.
6 What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Driving a sled dog team is demanding.
B. Adventurers prefer to ride with a smile.
C. Appreciating the landscape is appealing.
D. Adventurers take care of their dog teams.
7. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s exploration in Alaska?
A. Wonderful and entertaining. B. Frightening and exhausting.
C. Dangerous and painstaking. D. Adventurous and interesting.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是篇记叙文。作者讲述了在阿拉斯加的探险故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“While out exploring in the early evening, my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist. Regardless of my instructions, it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed. (傍晚外出探险时，我的领头狗闻到了它无法抗拒的味道。它不顾我的指示，本能地转过身来，领着其他的狗全速朝相反的方向跑去。)”可知，因为领头的狗闻到了不可抗拒的味道，所以作者迷路了。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wayne and Scarlett, my hosts, lived a sustainable life. They hunted, fished, and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint. (我的主人韦恩和斯嘉丽，过着不破坏生态平衡的生活。他们打猎、捕鱼、采集食物，同时有意识地减少碳足迹。)”可知，他们过着环保的生活。故选A项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears. (驾驶一群雪橇狗并不像看上去那么容易。)”和“In reality it turned out much tougher. (事实证明，这要困难得多。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是驾驶雪橇犬的要求很高。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Luckily, I didn’t end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves. Mike found me sometime later. Our dog teams, in the excitement of being reunited, headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes. There’s never a boring moment. (幸运的是，我没有被狼咬死。迈克后来找到了我。我们的雪橇狗团队，在重聚的兴奋中，直接冲向对方，然后被绳子缠住了。从来没有无聊的时刻。)”可以推知，作者在阿拉斯加的探险既冒险又有趣。故选D项。
C
Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.
The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage. It’s not clear exactly why the mass hysteria occurred.
To nobody’s surprise, today the tissue market is still booming. Demand for toilet paper, tissues and paper towels has been growing for years. As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers. Some have temporarily switched to surgical face masks and gowns to meet the demand for personal protection equipment.
But there’s more surprising medical use for paper: rapid tests. The system is widely used for many routine tests, such as to detect pregnancy and HIV. And there are already rapid tests out there that use paper to identify if a person has developed antibodies to Covid-19.
Equally, food hygiene has become more of a concern. There has been a sharp decrease in the number of customers wanting to reach into a pot to fetch spoons, forks or straws for obvious reasons, causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging. Meanwhile, schools have started to provide paper lunch boxes so that students don’t need to eat all together in a canteen.
Then there’s art. After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance. Some paper companies have seen more interest in paper for education, art and design.
Of course, some aspects of paper production have taken more of a hit.
“We supply a lot of paper that ends up in hotel, so we’ve seen a drop in sales,” says Nick Bizzell, the director of London-based Bizzell Paper. But Bizzell is still optimistic. He pointed out that demand for certain types of paper, such as the A4 kind used in offices, has been shrinking for decades, after losing the battle against computers. But overall the paper industry is growing.
Paper is now protecting us from viral infections and boredom, and it will always be a valuable material in our life.
8. What does the underlined phrase “the mass hysteria” probably refer to?
A. The mass production of toilet paper in 2020.
B. The true shortage of toilet paper caused by the public.
C. The effect of Covid-19 on the paper industry.
D. The unreasonable storage of toilet paper among the public.
9. Which of the following have witnessed an increasing demand for paper?
A. Rapid tests and physical checkup.
B. Surgical face masks and eating tools.
C. Medical protection equipment and food packaging.
D. The treatment of Covid-19 and pregnancy detection.
10. What causes more use of paper in art?
A. Being unable to socialize.
B The promotion of paper companies.
C. Being interested in art education.
D. The marketing strategies of paper companies.
11. What’s the text mainly about?
A. Paper industry on the decline.
B. Paper industry in the recovery.
C. The blow of Covid-19 to the paper industry.
D. The effect of medicine on the paper industry.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了虽然造纸业受到Covid-19大流行的影响，但是很快就会反弹。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面“The world was affected by the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020, as people rushed to pile up this bathroom product. In reality, there was never a true shortage.”（全球都受到了2020年厕纸大短缺的影响，人们纷纷抢购厕纸。事实上，从来就没有真正的短缺。）可知，“the mass hysteria”指的是描述前面的这一情况，即人们不合理的储存厕纸。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As an added bonus, many companies are now branching out into medical tissue papers”（除此之外，许多公司现在也开始涉足医用纸巾领域。）以及第五段中“causing restaurants to use more and more disposable packaging.”（这导致餐馆使用越来越多的一次性包装）可知，在医疗防护以及食品包装上面，纸的需求量已经引起了急剧的上升。A项physical checkup文中并未提到。B项eating tools与原文不符。D项Covid-19的治疗文中未提及。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“After months of lockdowns and disruption to social calendar, practical hobbies such as DIY, crafts, art and baking have recently experienced a renaissance.”（在几个月的封锁和社交活动中断之后，DIY、手工艺、艺术和烘焙等实用爱好最近经历了一场复兴。）可知，社交活动中断导致了纸在艺术上的使用增加。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today the paper industry has, like many others, been hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. But the industry is expected to bounce back in 2022, and by 2023, it’s predicted to reach new heights of $1, 031 billion. Here’s how that might happen.”（今天，造纸业像许多其他行业一样，受到了Covid-19大流行的打击。但该行业预计将在2022年反弹，到2023年，预计将达到10.31亿美元的新高。这是可能发生的。）可得知，虽然造纸业受到Covid-19的影响，但是很快就会反弹。故选B项。
D
Children aren’t the only ones who can benefit from naps. After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.
A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
How long should a power nap be? Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing to increase alertness throughout the day. “You don’t have to go to sleep fully.” says James Maas, a former professor and chair of psychology at Cornell University who coined the term “power nap” more than 50 years ago. “It’s an opportunity to shut your eyes, breathe slowly and recharge.” For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. However, Maas cautions that lengthier naps are counterproductive and even harmful. “Never nap for 60 minutes. If you power nap any time longer than 40 minutes, you’re going to wake up feeling dizzy for another hour or so.”
Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”
In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says.
12. How can we fight sleepiness after hours of working at noon?
A. By drinking a cup of coffee. B. By having a power nap.
C. By getting a good night’s sleep. D. By listening to music.
13. Which is the best choice for a power nap?
A. 15minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. B. 40 minutes between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m.
C. 15 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. D. 40 minutes between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m.
14. What do Robbions and Harris mainly convey?
A. The benefits of power naps. B. The damage coffee and soda do to you.
C. Means of reducing accidents and mistakes. D. Ways to improve workplace performance.
15. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Power naps’ cons B. The benefits of coffee
C. When we should take a power nap D. How to benefit from a power nap
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“After hours of working, many adults feel sleepy at noon and find themselves in desperate need of a recharge. But instead of grabbing a cup of coffee, it may be more worthwhile to combat sleepiness with sleep.(工作了几个小时后，许多成年人在中午会感到困倦，迫切需要充电。但是比起喝杯咖啡，用睡眠来对抗困倦可能更有价值)”以及第二段中“A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly. (她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”可知，中午工作几个小时后，我们可以小睡一会儿来克服困倦。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“For most people, 15 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the work day. (对大多数人来说，15分钟的时间应该足够让他们度过剩下的工作日了)”以及第四段“Shelby Harris, a clinical psychologist, adds that the best time to have your power nap is between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m., because napping any later in the day “can interfere with your sleep at night.”(临床心理学家Shelby Harris补充说，小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点之间，因为白天任何晚一点的小睡“都会干扰你晚上的睡眠”)”可知，下午2点到3点之间15分钟是小睡的最佳选择。故选C。
14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In contrast to coffee or soda, which is likely to “damage your sleep at night and only offer short term energy for about 30 minutes,” Robbins says a power nap is a healthier alternative to improve workplace performance, strengthen memory and boost creativity. Harris adds naps have long-term health benefits too, such as improving your mood and aiding in stress management. “Power naps can reduce accidents and mistakes while also improving attention, alertness, concentration and performance. They can even be used effectively to combat drowsy driving when a short nap is taken just before getting behind the wheel,” she says. (咖啡或苏打水可能会“破坏你晚上的睡眠，而且只能在30分钟左右提供短期的能量”，Robbins说，与之相比，小睡是一种更健康的选择，可以改善工作表现、增强记忆力和激发创造力。Harris充说，午睡也有长期的健康益处，比如改善你的情绪，帮助管理压力。“午睡能减少事故和失误，同时还能提高注意力、警觉性、注意力和表现。” 如果你在开车前打个盹，它们甚至可以有效地用来对付困倦驾驶，”她说)”可推知，Robbions和Harris主要想表达小睡的好处。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A power nap can “provide the refreshment you need if you’re struggling to stay alert or haven’t had a good night’s sleep,” explains Rebecca Robbins, a sleep scientist. A power nap “gives people the chance to rest for a short period of time to boost workplace productivity,” she says, but they are only beneficial when they are done correctly.(睡眠科学家Rebecca Robbins解释说，“如果你很难保持清醒或晚上没睡好，午睡可以为你提供所需的提神剂。”她说，小睡“让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率”，但只有在正确的情况下才会有好处)”结合文章主要说明了午睡可以为让人们有机会休息一小段时间，以提高工作效率，但仅限于正确的情况下。文章说明了午睡应该睡多长时间、最佳时间以及好处等。可知，D选项“如何从小睡中受益”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading is good for more than just entertainment.____16____. And the positive effects can be felt at any age: Even before they’ve fully developed their reading skills, kids can benefit from having access to materials and being read to on a regular basis.
Reading can boost intelligence
People who exhibit strong reading skills early in life grow up to be more intelligent. That was the finding of a study published in 2014 that measured the cognitive development of 1, 890 sets of identical twins. When two twins shared the same genes and home environments, early reading skills appeared to be the factor that decided which twin would be better at both verbal tests (like vocabulary( and non-verbal (like reasoning tests). ____17____, the study authors concluded that more emphasis should be placed on teaching strong reading skills to young children.
Reading helps increase empathy
____18____—it can make you a kinder person as well. According to a study published in 2013, people who consume literary fiction have an easier time sensing and relating to emotions in other people. This effect likely has something to do with the way such books are written: Great literature forces readers to steps outside themselves and empathize with the characters they’re reading about. Reading can lower stress
Feel stressed at the end of a long day?____19____. A 2009 study found that reading for just 30 minutes has similar stress-reducing effects to doing 30 minutes of yoga.
____20____
Even after you put down a book, the effects of reading it are still present in your brain. A 2013 study discovered that when people read books, their brains continue to behave differently hours and even days later. The brains of readers show increased connectivity in the left temporal cortex—the region responsible for language receptivity—even hours after they’ve stopped reading. This suggests that reading can train the mind and boost neural function through a process that’s similar to muscle memory.
A. Reading improves your passion
B. Reading may change your brain
C. Since reading is of significance
D. Reading books doesn’t just make you smarter
E. Opening a book is a good way to wind down
F. Because reading ability is something that’s learned
G. Committing part of every day to reading books can make you smarter, kinder, and more relaxed
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了阅读给人们带来的益处。
【16题详解】
上文“Reading is good for more than just entertainment. (阅读的好处不仅仅是娱乐。)”说明阅读的好处不仅仅是娱乐，选项G“每天抽出一部分时间来读书可以让你更聪明、更善良、更放松”承接上文，说明阅读有许多娱乐之外的好处，引出下文“And the positive effects can be felt at any age: Even before they’ve fully developed their reading skills, kids can benefit from having access to materials and being read to on a regular basis. (这种积极的影响在任何年龄都能感受到：即使孩子们还没有完全发展他们的阅读技能，他们也能从接触材料和定期阅读中受益。)”进一步介绍读书对于任何年龄的孩子都有积极的影响。故选G项。
【17题详解】
上文“When two twins shared the same genes and home environments, early reading skills appeared to be the factor that decided which twin would be better at both verbal tests (like vocabulary) and non-verbal (like reasoning tests). (当两个双胞胎拥有相同的基因和家庭环境时，早期的阅读技能似乎是决定哪一个双胞胎在语言测试(如词汇测试)和非语言测试(如推理测试)中表现更好的因素。)”说明阅读技能在儿童后天发展中起决定作用，选项F“因为阅读能力是后天习得的”承接上文，说明阅读能力是后天习得的，并且选项和下文“the study authors concluded that more emphasis should be placed on teaching strong reading skills to young children. (研究作者得出的结论是，更多的重点应该放在教育儿童强化阅读技能上。)”之间存在因果关系。选项中reading ability和下文中 reading skills 语义相关。故选F项。
【18题详解】
上段首句“People who exhibit strong reading skills early in life grow up to be more intelligent. (早年表现出较强阅读能力的人长大后会更聪明。)”说明阅读能使人更聪明，选项D“读书不只是让你更聪明”承接上一段的意思，对应下文“—it can make you a kinder person as well (——它还可以使你成为一个善良的人。)”，说明读书不只是使人更聪明，还可以使人更善良。故选D项。
【19题详解】
上文“Feel stressed at the end of a long day? (在漫长的一天结束时感到有压力吗？)”说明生活中充满压力，选项E“打开一本书是放松的好方法。”承接问句，说明阅读是减轻压力的好方法。选项中wind down和上文中Feel stressed相对应。故选E项。
【20题详解】
下文“Even after you put down a book, the effects of reading it are still present in your brain. A 2013 study discovered that when people read books, their brains continue to behave differently hours and even days later. The brains of readers show increased connectivity in the left temporal cortex—the region responsible for language receptivity—even hours after they’ve stopped reading. (即使在你放下一本书之后，阅读的效果仍然存在于你的大脑中。2013年的一项研究发现，当人们读书时，他们的大脑在几个小时甚至几天后仍会表现不同。读者的大脑在左颞叶皮层(负责语言接受的区域)显示出增强的连通性，即使在他们停止阅读的几个小时后也是如此。)”说明本段主题是阅读能够改变人的大脑，选项B“阅读可能改变你的大脑”概括了本段主题。故选B项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）
第一节（共20小题:每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a recovering perfectionist and learning to play again saved me. Like many children, I remember playing a lot when I was younger and being filled with a sense of openness,____21____ and joy. My natural state was to be present with myself, enjoying the ____22____ of play.
Unfortunately, my attitude began ____23____ from playfulness to perfectionism early on. Instead of being present and enjoying the process, I started ____24____ performance. The more I did this, the less open, curious and joyful I was. Instead, I grew anxious, critical and ____25____.
I first remember ____26____ perfectionist tendencies when I was taking piano lessons in school. I got the idea that I had to perform songs perfectly. I started hating piano and ____27____ quit. My perfectionism ____28____ into other areas of my life, too. In school, I pushed myself to get straight A’s, and if I earned anything less, I felt like a ____29____.
My perfectionism also negatively ____30____ my relationship with myself and other people. I felt like my life was spinning out of control and that all the rules that once worked no longer ____31____. I crashed emotionally. That was one of the darkest times of my life. I realized I needed a(n)____32____ way to approach life.
About this time, my friend Amy and I started taking fencing lessons together. I was quite bad at it, but it didn’t____33____. Because I had given up perfectionism, I didn’t care anymore about ____34____ people at fencing class or performing perfect moves.____35____, I cared about being present with myself in the process and staying open and curious.
I had a(n)____36____ feeling. I felt free and alive, and I ____37____ that I had been missing playfulness for many years. Fencing helped me rediscover play and leave perfectionism behind.
I am____38____ now to practicing playfulness every day and to help others do the same. Playfulness isn’t something we must ____39____ in childhood. When we practice playfulness, life becomes an adventure, and there is always something more to learn, explore and ____40____.
21. A. curiosity B. caution C. anxiety D. popularity
22. A. result B. process C. progress D. meaning
23. A. improving B. shifting C. increasing D. declining
24. A. taking on B. putting on C. depending on D. focusing on
25. A. discouraged B. delighted C. astonished D. embarrassed
26. A. losing B. reducing C. developing D. suffering
27. A. actually B. probably C. eventually D. gradually
28. A. broke B. ran C. moved D. spread
29. A. failure B. success C. pessimist D. perfectionist
30. A. impacted B. promoted C. strengthened D. connected
31. A. appeared B. existed C. changed D. applied
32. A. unusual B. unique C. odd D. different
33. A. help B. matter C. improve D. fail
34. A. influencing B. impressing C. disturbing D. changing
35. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise
36. A. warm B. awful C. strange D. fantastic
37. A. realized B. declared C. permitted D. claimed
38. A. accustomed B. devoted C. addicted D. opposed
39. A. stick to B. go through C. leave behind D. refer to
40. A. analyze B. correct C. abandon D. enjoy
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历告诉我们，玩耍并不是只能留在童年的东西，当我们练习玩耍时，生活就变成了一场冒险，总是有更多的东西需要学习、探索和享受。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：和许多孩子一样，我记得小时候玩得很多，充满了开放、好奇和快乐。A. curiosity好奇心；B. caution谨慎；C. anxiety焦虑；D. popularity受欢迎。根据上文“Like many children”可知小孩子的天性是充满了开放、好奇和快乐。后文“curious and joyful”也是提示。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自然状态是与自己在一起，享受玩耍的过程。A. result结果；B. process过程；C. progress进步；D. meaning意义。呼应后文“Instead of being present and enjoying the process”指享受玩耍的过程。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的态度开始从玩耍转变为完美主义。A. improving改善；B. shifting转换；C. increasing增加；D. declining下降。根据后文“from playfulness to perfectionism early on”可知作者的态度发生了转变。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始专注于表现，而不是活在当下，享受过程。A. taking on承担；B. putting on穿上；C. depending on取决于；D. focusing on集中。根据上文“Instead of being present and enjoying the process, I started”可知作者开始专注于表现，而不是活在当下，享受过程。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，我变得焦虑、挑剔和沮丧。A. discouraged沮丧的；B. delighted高兴的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“I grew anxious, critical and”可知作者开始了有了一些负面情绪，如焦虑、挑剔和沮丧。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我第一次有完美主义倾向是在学校上钢琴课的时候。A. losing失去；B. reducing减少；C. developing发展；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“perfectionist tendencies when I was taking piano lessons in school”可知，此处是在说明作者第一次发展出完美主义倾向的时间，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我开始讨厌钢琴，最后放弃了。A. actually实际上；B. probably可能；C. eventually终于；D. gradually逐渐地。根据上文“I started hating piano and”可知因为讨厌，最后放弃了钢琴。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的完美主义也蔓延到了我生活的其他领域。A. broke打破；B. ran奔跑；C. moved移动；D. spread传播，蔓延。根据后文“into other areas of my life”可知，完美主义也蔓延到了作者生活的其他领域。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，我强迫自己取得全A的成绩，如果我没得到，我就会觉得自己是个失败者。A. failure失败者；B. success成功；C. pessimist悲观主义者；D. perfectionist完美主义者。根据上文“I pushed myself to get straight A’s, and if I earned anything less, I felt like a”可知作者强迫自己得到全A，没得到就觉得自己是个失败者。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的完美主义也对我与自己和他人的关系产生了负面影响。A. impacted影响；B. promoted促进；C. strengthened加强；D. connected连接。根据“negatively”和后文“my relationship with myself and other people”指影响了和他人的关系，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉我的生活失去了控制，所有曾经有效的规则都不复存在了。A. appeared出现；B. existed存在；C. changed改变；D. applied应用。根据上文“all the rules that once worked no longer”可知，指所有曾经有效的规则都不复存在了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我需要一种不同的方式来对待生活。A. unusual不寻常的；B. unique独特的；C. odd奇怪的；D. different不同的。根据上文“That was one of the darkest times of my life. ”可知，作者经历了生命中最黑暗的时刻，所以意识到自己需要一种不同的方式来对待生活。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我做得很差，但没关系。A. help帮助；B. matter重要；C. improve改善；D. fail失败。根据上文“I was quite bad at it, but it didn’t”中but表示转折，可知做的很差，但作者觉得没有关系，不重要了。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我已经放弃了完美主义，我不再在乎在击剑课上给人留下深刻印象或表演完美的动作。A. influencing影响；B. impressing使印象深刻；C. disturbing打扰；D. changing改变。根据后文“people at fencing class or performing perfect moves”可知，作者不再在乎在击剑课上给人留下深刻印象或表演完美的动作。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我关心的是在这个过程中我自己的存在，保持开放和好奇。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Otherwise否则。比起让人印象深刻，作者反而关心的是在这个过程中我自己的存在，保持开放和好奇。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种奇妙的感觉。A. warm温暖的；B. awful糟糕的；C. strange奇怪的；D. fantastic奇妙的。根据后文“I felt free and alive”可知，作者感到自由和有活力，即有一种奇妙的感觉。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到自由和有活力，我意识到我已经错过了许多年的乐趣。A. realized意识到；B. declared宣告；C. permitted允许；D. claimed声称。根据后文从句“I had been missing playfulness for many years”可知，作者意识到自己已经错过了许多年的乐趣。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我每天都致力于练习玩耍，并帮助其他人做同样的事情。A. accustomed习惯的；B. devoted投入的；C. addicted上瘾的；D. opposed反对的。根据后文“now to practicing playfulness every day”可知作者选择每天致力于练习玩耍。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：玩耍不是我们必须留在童年的东西。A. stick to坚持；B. go through通过；C. leave behind留下；D. refer to涉及。根据作者练习击剑等事情可知，他/她认识到玩耍并不是只能留在童年的东西。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们练习玩耍时，生活就变成了一场冒险，总是有更多的东西需要学习、探索和享受。A. analyze分析；B. correct纠正；C. abandon抛弃；D. enjoy享受。再次呼应上文“being present and enjoying the process”指享受生活，享受玩耍的过程。故选D。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xu Yuanchong was a famous Chinese translator, best known for translating Chinese ancient poems into English and French. Xu was born in 1921 in Nanchang, Jiangxi. His mother, who was well educated and good at painting, had great impact on Xu in his ____41____ (pursue) of beauty and literature. When studying at Provincial Nanchang No. 2 High School, he excelled at English. In 1938, he ____42____ (admit) to the Department of Foreign Languages, Naitonal Southwest Associated University, a school ____43____ graduates have played a central role in modern China. At university, Xu gave outstanding performances in English, Russian, French, while even hosting Shakespeare classes, clearly showing a gift for translation.
After his graduation, Xu devoted ____44____ (him) to education and translation. He was the first Chinese translator ____45____ (translate) Chinese poetry into English and French verse. He also translated many ____46____ (masterpiece) into Chinese including The Red and the Black and Jean-Christophe.
In his last days, the hundred-year-old scholar was still working on the translation of Shakespeare’s complete works. Seven hours of work in front of a computer every day is ____47____ unbearable task for young adults.____48____ (surprising), this 100-year-old scholar is never bored with his work, passionately typing his translation word by word, day after day.____49____ the morning of June 17, Xu passed away in Beijing at the age of 100. The respectable translator enjoyed a life worth _____50_____ (remember).
【答案】41. pursuit
42. was admitted
43. whose 44. himself
45. to translate
46. masterpieces
47. an 48. Surprisingly
49. On 50. remembering
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了翻译家许渊冲的学习经历，翻译成就以及勤劳的工作精神。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：徐的母亲受过良好的教育，擅长绘画，对他追求美和文学有很大的影响。根据前文in his可知，此处应用名词pursuit作介词宾语，pursuit为不可数名词。故填pursuit。
【42题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：1938年，他被国立西南联合大学外语系录取，这所大学的毕业生在现代中国发挥了核心作用。根据时间状语In 1938可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，动词admit和主语之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he为第三人称单数，故填was admitted。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1938年，他被国立西南联合大学外语系录取，这所大学的毕业生在现代中国发挥了核心作用。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为school，关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语，限定名词graduates。故填whose。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：毕业后，他投身于教育和翻译事业。devote oneself to“献身于；投身于”是动词固定短语，用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一位将中国诗歌翻译成英语和法语的中国翻译家。“the+序数词+名词+to do sth”是固定用法，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to translate。
【46题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：他还翻译了包括《红与黑》和《克里斯托弗》在内的许多名作。根据前文many可知，可数名词masterpiece应用复数形式。故填masterpieces。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对于年轻人来说，每天在电脑前工作7个小时是一项难以忍受的任务。根据句意和后文单数可数名词task可知，此处应用不定冠词限定，因其后的形容词unbearable发音以元音开头，故填an。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这位100岁的学者从来没有厌倦他的工作，热情地打他的翻译，一个字一个字，日复一日。副词修饰整句。句首字母大写，故填Surprisingly。
【49题详解】
考查介词。句意：6月17日上午，徐在北京逝世，享年100岁。具体“在某日的上午、下午或晚上”应用介词on，句首字母大写，故填On。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这位受人尊敬的翻译家的一生值得纪念。（be）worth doing sth是固定用法。故填remembering。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last weekend, I went to watch Ranking of Kings. It is a new Japanese anime（动漫）series, which have become the king of the rankings. As it name suggests, the story is set in a world which the kings of different kingdoms are ranked. The ranking based on not only how rich and powerful their kingdoms are but also how much strong the kings are as fighters. By contrast, the main character Bojji is a deaf but powerless prince. However, he struggles hardly and becomes the world’s greater king. The inspiring story set me to thinking about life. Challenges make life hard but overcoming them is that makes life meaningful.
【答案】have→has

it→its
which→where
在based前加is
删除much
but→and
hardly→hard
greater→greatest
thinking→think
that→what
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去看了Ranking of Kings这部动漫，以及从故事中明白挑战使生活艰难，但克服它们才使生活有意义。
【详解】1.考查主谓一致。句意：上周末，我去看了Ranking of Kings这部动漫。这里含有一个定语从句，关系词替代先行词，在定语从句中作主语，由先行词a new Japanese anime（动漫）series为单数可知，从句中谓语动词应为单数形式。故将have改为has。
2.考查代词。句意：顾名思义，这个故事设定在一个不同王国国王被排序的世界里。由name名词可知，前面为it的形容词性物主代词its。故将it改为its。
3.考查定语从句。句意：顾名思义，这个故事设定在一个不同王国国王被排序的世界里。这里含有一个定语从句，修饰先行词world，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故将which改为where。
4.考查时态和语态。句意：排名不仅基于他们的王国有多富有和强大，而且还基于国王作为战士有多强大。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；ranking和base为被动关系，用被动语态；且主语The ranking是单数，谓语动词用单数。故在based前加is。
5.考查形容词。句意：排名不仅基于他们的王国有多富有和强大，而且还基于国王作为战士有多强大。在感叹句中，strong为形容词，所以该句为“how+adj+主语+谓语”固定句型。故将much删除。
6.考查连词。句意：相比之下，主人公Bojji是一位失聪以及无能的王子。此处deaf和powerless为并列关系。故将but改为and。
7.考查副词。句意：然而，他努力奋斗，并且成为世界上最伟大的国王。hardly为“几乎不”，该处“努力拼搏”应为副词hard“努力地”。故将hardly改为hard。
8.考查形容词最高级。句意：然而，他努力奋斗，并且成为世界上最伟大的国王。表示“世上上最伟大的国王”，用最高级。故将greater改为greatest。
9.考查固定搭配。句意：这个鼓舞人心的故事使我开始思考人生。set sb to do sth“让某人做某事”为固定短语。故将thinking改为think。
10.考查表语从句。句意：挑战使生活艰难，但克服它们才使生活有意义。在该表语从句中，what在从句中作主语，意思为“一些事情”，that引导从句不作成分，无意义。故将that改为what。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 为加强学生心理健康建设，你校正在组织以“How to deal with your anxiety”为主题的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 产生焦虑的原因；
2. 你建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以增加适当细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear teachers and students,
Today I’m going to give you a speech about how to deal with your anxiety.
It is well known that when we are confused about something, we may feel anxious. Although we often feel anxious, we should find suitable ways to deal with anxiety. We should achieve a balance between schoolwork and hobbies. Try to plan your spare time well. Don’t lose heart at any time. You will make great progress through hard work.
It’s a good idea to use different kinds of music to change moods. If you worry a lot, you can listen to classical music. You will feel relaxed. When having problems, we can ask people around us for help. It’s not wise to keep our anxiety to ourselves.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。为加强学生心理健康建设，你校正在组织以“How to deal with your anxiety”为主题的英语作文比赛。要求考生为写一篇短文参赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
焦虑的：anxious→ concerned
空闲的：spare→ free
处理：deal with→ handle
失去信心：lose heart→ lose faith
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You will make great progress through hard work.
拓展句： If you work hard, you will make great progress.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although we often feel anxious, we should find suitable ways to deal with anxiety.（运用了Although引导的让步状语从句。）
【高分句型2】It’s a good idea to use different kinds of music to change moods.（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式to do sth作真正的宾语。）