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通用高中英语语法知识点 虚拟语气
展开虚 拟 语 气
考点 1 状语从句中的虚拟语气
类型 | 虚拟条件句结构 | 主句结构 |
与现在事实相反 | if + 主语 + 动词过去式（be用were） | 主语 + should/would/might/could + do |
与过去事实相反 | if + 主语 + had done | 主语+ should/would/might/could+ have done |
与将来事实相反 | if + 主语 +动词过去式（be用were） if + 主语 + were to + do if + 主语 + should do |
主语 + should/would/might/could + do |
（1）虚拟语气省略if引导的条件状语从句的用法：
如果有were, had, should等可以省略if，而把were, had, should置于句首，变为部分倒装句式。
If I were you, I would accept his advice. | Were I you, I would accept his advice. |
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. | Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. |
If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. | Had you studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. |
（2）虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法
有时虚拟或假设的条件不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。这时，谓语动词仍然要用虚拟语气形式。常用的表示含蓄虚拟的词或短语有：otherwise（要不然）, with, without, under, but, but for（要不是）等。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
Without water, fish could die.
考点 2 主语从句中的虚拟语气
在以下句型的主语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即：should+动词原形（should可省略） 。
It is+ adj.+ that + 主语 + （should） + do... 形容词有：(important, necessary, strange, better, natural, surprising, anxious, essential, regretful） | It is important that we （should） make full use of our mineral resources. |
It is + 动词的过去分词 + that + 主语 +（should） + do... 过去分词主要有：一个坚持（insisted）； 两个命令（ordered, commanded）； 三个建议（advised, suggested, proposed）； 四个要求（demanded, required, requested，desired） |
It is suggested that you （should） join more club activities in college. |
It is + 名词 + that + 主语 +（should）+ do… 名词有：duty, pity, no wonder, no surprise, shame等。 | It is our duty that we （should） protect the environment. |
考点 3 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（1）wish引导的宾语从句
类型 | 宾语从句的谓语动词 |
|
与现在事实相反 | 动词过去式（be用were） | I wish (that)I were a bird. |
与过去事实相反 | had done | I wish (that)I had gone there with you. |
与将来事实相反 | would/could + do | I wish (that)I would/could get that job. |
（2）与主语从句中的第二点相同，其知识点可以应用到宾语从句中。
Our teacher suggested that everyone （should） have a map.
She insisted that we （should） discuss the plan at the meeting.
【但】suggest作“暗示，说明”，insist作“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。
Her pale face suggested that she was ill.
Tom insisted that he had never stolen the purse.
考点 4 其它用法
类 型 | 用 法 | 备 注 |
as if/though引导的状语从句 |
和考点1一样 | 说话者认为所述的是真实的或 极有可能发生或存在的事实时， as if/though引导的状语从句 中也可以用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. |
It is （high） time that + 主语 + 动词过去式 / should do... (should不能省略) | It is （high） time we started. It is （high） time that you should go to school. | |
“If only…”“如果……就好了” | 和考点1一样 |
|
even if/though引导的让步状语从句 | 和考点1一样 |
|
would rather引导的宾语从句 | 和考点1一样 |
|
“May+动词原形”表示祝愿，有时也可直接用动词原形 | May you succeed! | |
动词hope, think, want, mean, intend, plan等用过去完成时表示“本想，本打算，本以为” | She had meant to apologize. | |
