通用高中英语语法知识点 虚拟语气

虚 拟 语 气考点 1 状语从句中的虚拟语气类型虚拟条件句结构主句结构与现在事实相反if + 主语 + 动词过去式（be用were）主语 + should/would/might/could + do与过去事实相反if + 主语 + had done主语+ should/would/might/could+ have done 与将来事实相反if + 主语 +动词过去式（be用were）if + 主语 + were to + doif + 主语 + should do 主语 + should/would/might/could + do （1）虚拟语气省略if引导的条件状语从句的用法：  如果有were, had, should等可以省略if，而把were, had, should置于句首，变为部分倒装句式。If I were you, I would accept his advice.Were I you, I would accept his advice.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.  （2）虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法有时虚拟或假设的条件不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。这时，谓语动词仍然要用虚拟语气形式。常用的表示含蓄虚拟的词或短语有：otherwise（要不然）, with, without, under, but, but for（要不是）等。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.     Without water, fish could die.  考点 2 主语从句中的虚拟语气  在以下句型的主语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即：should+动词原形（should可省略） 。It is+ adj.+ that + 主语 + （should） + do...形容词有：(important, necessary, strange, better, natural, surprising, anxious, essential, regretful）It is important that we （should） make full use of our mineral resources. It is + 动词的过去分词 + that + 主语 +（should） + do...过去分词主要有：一个坚持（insisted）；两个命令（ordered, commanded）；三个建议（advised, suggested, proposed）；四个要求（demanded, required, requested，desired）  It is suggested that you （should） join more club activities in college. It is + 名词 + that + 主语 +（should）+ do…   名词有：duty, pity, no wonder, no surprise, shame等。It is our duty that we （should） protect the environment.考点 3 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 （1）wish引导的宾语从句 类型宾语从句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反动词过去式（be用were）I wish (that)I were a bird.与过去事实相反had doneI wish (that)I had gone there with you.与将来事实相反would/could + doI wish (that)I would/could get that job. （2）与主语从句中的第二点相同，其知识点可以应用到宾语从句中。     Our teacher suggested that everyone （should） have a map.       She insisted that we （should） discuss the plan at the meeting. 【但】suggest作“暗示，说明”，insist作“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。       Her pale face suggested that she was ill.        Tom insisted that he had never stolen the purse.  考点 4 其它用法 类 型用 法备 注  as if/though引导的状语从句  和考点1一样说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if/though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. It is （high） time that + 主语 + 动词过去式 / should do... (should不能省略)It is （high） time we started. It is （high） time that you should go to school.“If only…”“如果……就好了”和考点1一样 even if/though引导的让步状语从句和考点1一样 would rather引导的宾语从句和考点1一样 “May+动词原形”表示祝愿，有时也可直接用动词原形 May you succeed!动词hope, think, want, mean, intend, plan等用过去完成时表示“本想，本打算，本以为” She had meant to apologize.